Chapter I

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MRS. FARRELL

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HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK

ESTABLISHED 1817

MRS. FARRELL

A NOVEL BY

WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS

_With an Introduction by

Mildred Howells_

[Illustration: colophon]

HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS

NEW YORK AND LONDON

MRS. FARRELL

Copyright, 1921, by Harper & Brothers

Printed in the United States of America

L-V

INTRODUCTION

This story of my father’s was first printed under the title of _Private

Theatricals_ in the _Atlantic Monthly_ of 1875, while he was still

editor of the magazine. It appeared a few years after Henry James’s

_Gabrielle de Bergerac_, and neither of the two short novels was ever

republished by their authors. My father’s must have been written in the

Concord Avenue house in Cambridge which he and my mother had just built

and moved into. They were very proud of the new house, even of its

mansard roof such as every house of the period was obliged to have, and

which is reflected in the newly added French roofs of some of the houses

near the church in West Pekin; but their greatest pride was in the

library. My impressions of the house are those of rather extreme youth,

but I can remember that it was lined with bookshelves bordered by bands

of red, scalloped leather that were meant, as I now suppose, to keep the

dust from the book tops but which were then pleasantly mysterious to the

infant mind. There were very satisfactory tiles of Eastlake tendencies

over the fireplace, picturing the seasons in yellow and brown, and a

vast flat-topped desk in the middle of the room with rows of drawers on

either side that went down to the floor, leaving a dark hole between

them, which was useful as a doll’s house when not occupied by my

father’s feet. The room was at the back of the house, for greater quiet,

and looked out into a deep, grassy yard divided down the center by a

hedge of lilacs, and only invaded by birds and children.

The background of _Mrs. Farrell_ is the New England farm boarding house,

which was the only form of simple country sojourn before summer cottages

were imagined, and it is interesting to compare it with the farm

boarding in _The Vacation of the Kelwyns_, written so many years after

and giving a much fuller study of the country people. The farmhouse of

this story, kept by the finer type of New England farmers, must, I

think, have been the sort of summer place that my parents were always

seeking, and the Kelwyns’ experience a picture of what they more often

found. In the latter book the country people are of much poorer stuff

than the Woodwards, but one feels in his handling of them the greater

tenderness and understanding that age teaches, and youth, no matter how

sympathetic, cannot compass.

During the later summers, while we still lived in Cambridge, we tried

many different kinds of farm board, and I wish I could remember more of

them for comparison with those of Mrs. Farrell and the Kelwyns, but I

can only recall one of all our landladies, a good-natured farmer’s wife,

so stout that her apron strings only appeared where they were tied

behind her. I made many solemn journeys around her in search of them,

and I think it must have always been while she was frying doughnuts, for

that act is firmly associated in my mind with her invisible apron

strings. I was also vaguely conscious of a feud that raged between our

hosts and their relations, over a family Bible that had reversed the

squaring of the circle by having its corners worn off until it was quite

round. It had been borrowed and wrongfully detained by a younger branch

of the family, leaving hatred and uncharitableness behind. These

reflections, I am afraid, do not throw any great light on the practical

conditions of farm boarding, but they are all I have.

It is amusing to one who started life in the eighteen-seventies, to see

it again from their angle in these pages written not only about them,

but in them. One notes with surprise, after the feminine activity of the

present, the general resignation of even faintly middle-aged ladies to

headaches and invalidism, and the walks taken through woods and meadows

in trailing draperies. The painting of cat-tails emerges from a very

dead past, and even the more modern charcoal head of Blossom brings back

the day of William Hunt’s classes, when charcoal heads prevailed, and

every Boston young lady of artistic taste longed to be among his pupils.

Rachel Woodward’s little red schoolhouse must be deserted to-day and

quietly dropping apart on its country road, as so many others are doing

now that their scholars have been concentrated in big graded schools;

but her practical view of her own talent and her firmness in returning

what she thought more than her drawings worth to Mrs. Gilbert are of no

epoch, but still endure in the New England character, unalterable as its

native granite. Coming from southern Ohio, my father could, perhaps, see

the New England people more clearly than if he had been one of them, and

the Woodward family gives what he felt and valued in their stern

uprightness and self-restraint.

The echoes of the Civil War, in the injustice of Easton’s advancement in

military rank over the head of his friend, come strangely to us who have

just lived through another terrible conflict which has left this world

weary and discouraged. In speaking of the two wars, my father said that

a great difference lay in the spirit that came after them, for when the

Civil War was done people in the North felt that all the troubles of the

world were over, and that in the future everything was going to be

right. Easton’s ideas about hunting and fishing, and his desire to help

the helpless, are a reflection, I think, of the writer’s own feelings;

and in the scene where Easton stops the rearing horse one wonders

whether there survive faint traces of those early literary traditions

that made my father, as he once said, feel when he began writing novels

that he must have his hero do something to win the heroine, like

rescuing her from a wild bull, until he observed that in real life

nothing of the sort was necessary. His minute study of Easton’s emotions

as a lover makes one feel the sympathetic interest of a writer who was

young enough to go fully into them, and form a temptation to quote from

a letter written in his later middle age, in which he says, “I do not

think I can ever write of mating and marriage again.”

Mrs. Gilbert’s desire in her first talk with Mrs. Farrell of “a good

stupid wooing--at least a year of it” for her, shows an early distrust

of Romance as a foundation for life, but in their second talk together

Mrs. Farrell’s answer, “Nothing that’s wrong can be one’s own affair, I

suppose: it belongs to the whole world,” is of his latest, as well as

his earliest philosophy.

MILDRED HOWELLS.

MRS. FARRELL

Chapter I

West Pekin is one of those country places which have yielded to changing

conditions and have ceased to be the simple farming towns of a past

generation. The people are still farmers, but most of them are no longer

farmers only. In the summer they give up the habitable rooms of their

old square wooden houses to boarders from the cities, and lurk about in

the nooks and crannies of their L’s and lean-to’s; and, whatever their

guests may have to complain of, have hardly the best of the bargains

they drive with them. But in this way they eke out the living grudged

them by their neglected acres, and keep their houses in a repair that

contrasts with the decay of their farming. Each place has its grove of

maples, fantastically gnarled and misshapen from the wounds of many

sugar seasons; and an apple orchard, commonly almost past bearing with

age, stretches its knotted boughs over a slope near the house. Every

year the men-folk plow up an area of garden ground, and plant it with

those vegetables which, to the boarders still feeding in mid-July on

last year’s potatoes and tough, new-butchered beef, seem so reluctant in

ripening; but a furrow is hardly turned elsewhere on the farm. It yields

a crop of hay about the end of June, in which the boarders’ children

tumble, and a favorable season may coax from it a few tons of rowen

grass. The old stone walls straggle and fall down even along the

roadside; in the privacy of the wood lots and berry pastures they

abandon themselves to reckless dilapidation.

Many houses in the region stand empty, absently glaring on the passer

with their cold windows, as if striving in vain to recall the

households, long since gone West, to whom they were once homes. By and

by they will drop to ruin; or some shrewd Irishman, who has made four or

five hundred dollars in a Massachusetts suburb, will buy one of them,

and, stocking the farm with his stout boys and girls, will have the

best-looking place about. He thrives where the son of the soil starved;

and if the bitter truth must be owned, he seems to deserve his better

fortune. He has enterprise and energy and industry, and to the summer

boarder, used to the drive and strain of the city, the Yankee farmer

often seems to have none of these qualities. It may be that the summer

boarder judges him rashly; I dare say he would not be willing himself to

take his landlord’s farm as a gift, if he must live on those stony

hillsides the year round, and find himself at each year’s end a year

older but not a day nearer the competence to which all men look forward

as the just reward of long toil. I always fancied a dull discouragement

in the native farming race; an effect of the terrible winter that drowns

a good half of the months in drifts of snow, and of the dreary solitude

of the country life. Great men have come from the rural stock in our

nation before now; and perhaps the people of West Pekin have earned the

right to lie fallow; but whether this is so or not, it is certain that

they often evince an aptness to open the mouth and stand agape at

unusual encounters, which one cannot well dissociate from ideas of a

complete mental repose. If they have no thoughts, they have not the

irrelevance and superfluity of words. They are a signally silent race. I

have seen two of them, old neighbors, meet after an absence, and when

they had hornily rattled their callous palms together, stand staring at

each other, their dry, serrated lips falling apart, their jaws mutely

working up and down, their pale-blue eyes vacantly winking, and their

weather-beaten faces as wholly discharged of expression as the gable

ends of two barns confronting each other from opposite sides of the

road; no figure can portray the grotesqueness of their persons, with

their feet thrust into their heavy boots, and their clothes--originally

misshapen in a slop-shop after some bygone fashion, and now curiously

warped, outgrown, outworn--climbing up their legs and mounting upon

their stooping shoulders. But if they are silent they are not surly;

give them time and they are amiable enough, and they are first and last

honest. They do not ask too much for board, and they show some slow

willingness to act upon a boarder’s suggestions for his greater

comfort. But otherwise they remain unaffected by the contact. They learn

no greater glibness of tongue, or liveliness of mind, or grace of

manner; if their city guests bring with them the vices of wine or beer

at dinner and tobacco after it, the farmers keep themselves

uncontaminate. The only pipe you smell is that of the neighboring

Irishman as he passes with his ox-team; the gypsying French Canadians,

as they wander southward, tipsy by whole families, in their rickety open

buggies, lend the sole bacchanal charm to the prospect that it knows.

These are of a race whose indomitable light-heartedness no rigor of

climate has appalled, whereas our Anglo-Saxon stock in many country

neighborhoods of New England seems weather-beaten in mind as in face;

and this may account for the greater quick-wittedness of the women,

whose indoor life is more protected from the inclemency of our skies. It

is certain that they are far readier than the men, more intelligent,

gracious, and graceful, and with their able connivance the farmer stays

the adversity creeping upon his class, if he does not retrieve its old

prosperity. In the winter his daughters teach school, and in the summer

they help their mother through her enterprise of taking boarders. The

farm feeds them all, but from the women’s labor comes thrice the ready

money that the land ever yields, and it is they who keep alive the sense

of all higher and finer things, Heaven knows with what heroic patience

and devoted endeavor. The house shines, through them, with fresh paper

and paint; year by year they add to those comforts and meek aspirations

toward luxury which the summer guest accepts so lightly when he comes,

smiling askance at the parlor organ in the corner, and the

black-walnut-framed chromo-lithographs on the walls.

* * * * *

Nehemiah Woodward left West Pekin in his youth, after his preparation in

the academy, which still rests its classic pediment upon a pair of

fluted pine pillars above the village green, and went to Andover, where

he studied divinity and married his landlady’s daughter. She was a

still, somewhat austere girl, and she had spread no lures for the

affections of her lover, who was of tenderer years than herself; he was

not her first love; perhaps he was at last rather her duty, or her

importuning fate. In any case she did not deny him in the end; they were

married after his ordination and went away to the parish in New York

State over which he was settled, and she left behind her the grave in

which the hopes of her youth were buried. The young minister knew about

it; she told him everything when he first spoke to her of marriage; they

went together to bid farewell to the last resting place of the dead

rival whom he had never seen; and his sublime generosity touched her

heart with a lifelong gratitude.

It was his only inspiration, poor soul! he was a dreadfully dull

man--too dull even for the inarticulate suffering of country

congregations. Parish after parish shifted him from its aching

shoulders; they loved him for his goodness, but they could not endure

him, they hardly knew why; it was really because his sermons were of

lead, and finally none the lighter that they were beaten out so thin. He

had thus worn westward, leaving a deeply striated human surface behind

him, in the line of the New England emigration, as far as to the farther

border of Iowa, and he was an elderly man with a half-grown family, when

his father died and left the ancestral farm at West Pekin, to which none

of the other sons would return from their prosperity in the neighboring

towns or the new countries where they had settled. But it was not a

fortune that Nehemiah could refuse; possibly he had always had his own

secret yearnings for those barren pastures of his boyhood; at any rate,

he gladly parted from his last willing parish and went back to the farm.

Once returned, he seemed never to have been away; he looked as much a

fixture of the landscape as any outbuilding of the place. He quickly

shed whatever clerical dignity had belonged to his outward man, and

slouched into the rusty boots and scarecrow coats and hats that costume

our farmers at their work, as easily as if he had only laid them off

overnight. The physical shape of the farm was favorable to his luckless

gift of going downhill, but the energy of his wife now stayed his

further descent as effectually as if he had been a log propped on the

edge of a slope by some jutting point of granite. She had indeed always

done more than her half toward keeping her family’s souls and bodies

together; now, with a lasting basis to work upon, she took the share on

which Nehemiah’s lax hold had faltered. The house was built with the

substantial handsomeness which a farmer could afford who two generations

ago sent his boys to the academy. It was large and square, with ample

halls crossing each other from side to side, and dividing it into four

spacious rooms below and answering chambers overhead, some of which,

after a season or two of summer boarders, Mrs. Woodward was able to cut

in two and still leave large enough for single beds. In time a series of

very habitable chambers grew out over the one-story wing; a broad new

piazza invited the breeze and shade around two sides of the house, from

whose hilltop perch you could look out over a sea of rolling fields and

woods, steeply shored on the south by the long flank of Scatticong

Mountain. The air was a luxury, the water was delicious; the walks and

drives through the white-birch groves were lovely beyond compare; and

long before the summer of which I write, the fame of Mrs. Woodward’s

abundant table and educated kitchen had made it a privilege to be her

boarders for which people endeavored by engaging her rooms a year

beforehand. Whoever abode there reported it a house flowing with

unstinted cream and eggs; peas, beans, squash, and sweet corn in their

season, of a flavor that the green grocery never knew; blueberries,

raspberries, blackberries, after their kind; and bread with whose just

praise one must hesitate to tax the credulity of one’s hearer.

Mrs. Woodward not only knew how to serve her guests well, but how to

profit by serving them well. She made it her business, and mixed no

sentiment of any sort with it. She abolished herself socially and none

of her boarders offered her slight at the point to which she retreated

from association with them. She left them perfect freedom in the house,

but she kept them rigidly distinct from her own family, whom she devoted

each in his or her way to the enterprise she had undertaken. The family

ate at their own table, and never appeared in the guests’ quarter except

upon some affair connected with their comfort; but they were all willing

in serving. Even Nehemiah himself, under the discipline centering in his

wife, showed a sort of stiff-jointed readiness in hitching up the horse

for the ladies when the boys happened to be out of the way; and he had

thus late in life discovered a genius for gardening. It was to his skill

and industry that the table owed its luxury of vegetables; and he was

wont to walk out at twilight, and stand, bent-kneed and motionless,

among the potatoes, and look steadfastly upon the peas, in serene

emulation of the simulacrum posted in a like attitude in another part of

the patch. He was the most approachable member of the family, and would

willingly have talked with one, no doubt, if he could have found

anything in the world to say. The others were civil, but invisibly held

aloof by the mother’s theory of business, or secret pride, which,

whatever it was, interfered with no one’s rights or pleasures, and so

was generally accepted by amiable newcomers after a few good-natured

attempts to overcome it. There was only one of them who had succeeded

in breaking the circle of this reserve, and her intimacy with the

Woodwards seemed rather another of her oddities than anything

characteristic of them.

The household of the boarders displayed that disparity between the sexes

which is one of the sad problems of the New England civilization, and

perhaps enforced it a little more poignantly than was just. They were

not all single ladies; a good third of the fifteen were married; of the

rest, some were yet too young to think or to despair of marrying, and it

could not be confidently said of others that they wished to change their

state. Nevertheless, one’s first sense of their condition was vaguely

compassionate. It seemed a pity that for six days in the week they

should have to talk to one another and dress only for their own sex. Not

that their toilettes were elaborate; they all said that they liked to

come to the Woodwards’ because you did not have to dress there, but

could go about just as you pleased; yet, having the taste of all

American women in dress, they could not forbear making themselves look

charming, and were always appearing in some surprising freshness and

fragrance of linen, or some gayety of flannel walking costume. The same

number of men would have lapsed into unshaven chins and unblacked boots

in a single week; but these devoted women had their pretty looks on

their consciences, and never failed to honor them. Some of them even

wore flowers in their hair at dinner-- Heaven knows why; and the young

girls were always coming home from the woods with nodding plumes of

bracken in their hats, and walking out in the dusk with coquettish

headgear on, to be seen by no one more important than some barefooted,

half-grown, bashful farm boy driving home his cows. The mothers started

their children out every morning in clean, whole clothes, and patiently

put aside at night the grass-stained, battered, dusty, dishonored

fragments. Even one or two old ladies who were there for the country air

were zealous to be neatly capped. The common sentiment seemed to be that

as you never knew what might happen, you ought to be prepared for it.

What actually happened was the occasional arrival of the stage with an

express package for one of the boarders, and a passenger for some

farmhouse beyond, who at very rare and exciting intervals was a man.

Once a day the young ladies went down to the village after the mail, and

indulged themselves with the spectacle of gentlemen dismounting from the

stage at the hotel, which at such moments poured forth on piazza and

gallery a disheartening force of lady boarders. Regularly, also, at ten

o’clock on Saturday night, when everybody had gone to bed, this

conveyance drove up to the door of the farmhouse, and set down the five

husbands of five of the married ladies, for whom it called again on

Monday morning, before anybody was up. These husbands were almost as

unfailing as the fish-balls at the Sunday breakfast; and when any one of

them was kept in Boston it made a great talk; his wife had got word from

him why he could not come; or she had not got word: it was just as

exciting in either case. The ladies all made some attractive difference

in their dress, which the wives when they went to their rooms asked the

husbands if they had noticed, and which the husbands had not noticed, to

a man. After breakfast, each husband took by the hand the child or two

which his wife had scantly provided him (a family of four children was

thought pitiably large, and a marvel of responsibility to the mother),

and went off to the woods, whence he returned an hour before dinner, and

read the evening papers which he had brought up in his pocket. In the

afternoon he was reported asleep, being fatigued by the ride from town

the day before, or he sat and smoked, or sometimes went driving with his

family. His voice as the household heard it next morning at dawn had a

gayer note than at any other time in the last thirty-eight hours, and

his wife, coming down to breakfast, met the regulation jest about her

renewed widowhood with a cheerfulness that was apparently sincere.

It may not have been so dull a life for the ladies as men would flatter

themselves; they all seemed to like it, and not a woman among them was

eager to get back to her own house and its cares. Perhaps the

remembrance of these cares was the secret of her present content;

perhaps women, when remanded to a comparatively natural state, are more

easily satisfied then men. It is certain that they are always enduring

extremes of ennui that appear intolerable to the other sex. Here at

Woodward farm they had their own little world, which I dare say was all

the better and kindlier for being their own. They were very kind to one

another, but preferences and friendships necessarily formed themselves.

Certain ladies were habitually visiting, as they called it, in one

another’s rooms, and one lady on the ground floor was of a hospitable

genius that invited the other boarders to make her room the common

lounging and gossiping place. Whoever went in or out stopped there; and

the mail, when it was brought from the post-office, was distributed and

mostly read and talked over, there.

Till a bed was put into the parlor, one of the young ladies used to play

a very little on the organ after breakfast on rainy days. One of the

married ladies, who had no children, painted; she painted cat-tail

rushes, generally; not very like, and yet plainly recognizable. Another

embroidered; she sat with her work in the wide doorway, and those

passing her used to stop and take up one edge of it as it hung from her

fingers, and talk very seriously about it, and tell what they had seen

of the kind. Some of them were always writing letters; two or three had

a special gift of sleep, both before and after dinner, which

distinguished them from several nervous ladies, who _never_ could sleep

in the daytime. The young girls went up the mountain a good deal

whenever they could join a party; twice when one of their brothers came

from the city they camped out on the mountain; it was a great thing to

see their camp fire after dusk; once they came home in a rain, and that

was talk for two days, and always a joke afterward. They had a lot of

novels, not very new to our generation, which they read aloud to one

another sometimes; they began to write a novel of their own, each

contributing a chapter, but I believe they never finished it; the

youngest kept a journal, but she did not write in it much. She could

also drive; and her timid elders who rode out with her said they felt

almost as safe with her as with a man. All the ladies said that the air

was doing them a great deal of good, and, if not, that the complete rest

was everything; none of them had that wornout feeling with which she had

come; if any did not pick up at once, she was told that she would see

the change when she got home in the fall. Two or three, in the meantime,

were nearly always sick in bed, or kept from meals by headache. From

time to time the well ones had themselves weighed at the village store,

to know whether they had gained or lost. They all talked together a good

deal about their complaints, of which, whether they were sick or well,

they each had several.

These were the interests and occupations, this the life, at Woodward

farm, to the entire simplicity of which I am afraid I have not done

justice, when a thing happened that complicated the situation and for

the moment robbed it of its characteristic repose. It appears that while

Mrs. Stevenson was quietly multiplying cat-tail rushes in her cool,

airy, upstairs room, one of the Woodward girls, who taught school and in

vacation waited on the boarders at the table, had also been

employed--somewhere in the mysterious L part, where her family bestowed

itself--on a work of art, a head of the Alderney cow known to the whole

household as Blossom. Whether it was ever meant to be seen or not is

scarcely certain; that lady who alone had the intimacy of the Woodwards

came out with it from the kitchen one morning, as by violence, and

showed it to the boarders after breakfast, while they still loitered at

the table, none of the artist’s kindred appearing. They all recognized

Blossom in a moment, but the exhibitor let them suffer and guess awhile

who did it. Then she exploded the fact upon them, and the excitement

began to rise. They said that it was a real Rosa Bonheur; and Mrs.

Stevenson, who was indeed in another line of art and need feel no envy,

set her head on one side, held the picture at arm’s length in different

lights, and pronounced it perfect, simply perfect, for a charcoal

sketch. They had looked at it in a group; now they looked at it singly

and from a distance, cautioning one another that the least touch would

ruin it. Then they began to ask the exhibitress if she had known of Miss

Woodward’s gift before, the young girls listening to her replies with

something of the zeal and reverence they felt for the artist. At last

they said Mrs. Gilbert must see it, and followed it in procession to the

room of the public-spirited lady on the first floor. She had been having

her breakfast in bed, and now sat in a beruffled, sweet-scented

dishabille, which became her pale, middle-aged, invalid good looks--her

French-marquise effect, one young girl called it, Mrs. Gilbert’s hair

being quite gray, and her thick eyebrows dark, like those of a powdered

old-regime beauty. They set the drawing on her chimney-piece, and she

considered it a long while with her hands lying in her lap. “Yes,” she

sighed at last, “it’s very fair indeed, poor thing.”

“Blossom or Rachel, Mrs. Gilbert?” promptly demanded the lady who had

been chaperoning the picture, with a tremor of humorous appreciation at

the corners of her mouth, and a quick glance of her very dark-brown

eyes.

“Rachel,” answered Mrs. Gilbert. “Blossom is a blessed cow. But a woman

of genius in a New England farmhouse where they take summer boarders--oh

dear me! Yes, it’s quite as bad as that, I should say,” she added,

thoughtfully, after another stare at the picture.

“Quite.”

The company had settled and perched and poised upon the different pieces

of furniture, as if they expected Mrs. Gilbert to go on talking; but she

seemed to be out of the mood, and chose rather to listen to their

applauses of the picture. The sum of their kindly feeling appeared to be

that something must be done to encourage Miss Woodward, but they were

not certain how she ought to be encouraged, and they began to stray away

from the subject before anything was concluded. When the surprise had

been drained to the dregs, a natural reaction began, and they left Mrs.

Gilbert somewhat sooner than usual and with signs of fatigue. Presently

no one remained but the lady who had exhibited the picture; her, as she

made a movement to take it from the mantel, Mrs. Gilbert stopped, and

began to ask about the artistic history of Miss Woodward.

Mrs. Farrell · 第 1 / 15 章