Transcriber’s Note: As a result of editorial shortcomings in the
original, some reference letters in the text don’t have matching entries
in the reference-lists, and vice versa.
THE HISTORIANS’ HISTORY OF THE WORLD
[Illustration: NÖLDEKE]
THE HISTORIANS’
HISTORY
OF THE WORLD
A comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations
as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:
edited, with the assistance of a distinguished board of advisers
and contributors, by
HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS, LL.D.
[Illustration]
IN TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES
VOLUME VIII--PARTHIANS, SASSANIDS, AND ARABS
THE CRUSADES AND THE PAPACY
The Outlook Company
New York
The History Association
London
1904
COPYRIGHT, 1904,
BY HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS.
_All rights reserved._
Press of J. J. Little & Co.
New York, U. S. A.
Contributors, and Editorial Revisers.
Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.
Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.
Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.
Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Michigan.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.
Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.
Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.
Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.
Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.
Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C.B., London.
Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.
Prof. H. Marnali, University of Budapest.
Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.
Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.
Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.
Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Prof. F. York Powell, Oxford University.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.
Dr. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.
Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.
Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Vienna.
Prof. W. L. Fleming, University of West Virginia.
Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.
CONTENTS
VOLUME VIII
PART XII. PARTHIANS, SASSANIDS, AND ARABS
PAGE
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. THE SCOPE AND INFLUENCE OF ARABIC HISTORY.
By Dr. Theodor Nöldeke 1
HISTORY IN OUTLINE OF PARTHIANS, SASSANIDS, AND ARABS (250
B.C.-1375 A.D.) 25
CHAPTER I
THE PARTHIAN EMPIRE (250 B.C.-228 A.D.) 47
Justin’s account of the Parthians, 47. Their customs, 48.
Seleucus and Arsaces, 49. Wars with Rome, 51. Modern accounts
of Parthia, 53. The Parthian empire, 53. Arsaces and the
Arsacids, 54. Bactria and Parthia consolidate, 55. Conquests of
Mithridates, 57. Media and Babylonia conquered, 58. Parthian
“kingdoms,” 59. Scythian conquest of Bactria, 60. The Scythians
ravage Parthia, 61. First conflict with Rome, 62. Orodes
defeats the Romans, 63. Plutarch’s account of the battle of
Carrhæ, 63. Phraates IV repels Mark Antony, 68. Anarchy in
Parthia, 70. The Romans intervene, 72. The decay of Parthian
greatness, 74. Persia conquers Parthia, 75.