THE BATTLE OF FRENCHMAN’S BUTTE
I was awakened early by the voice of an Indian. He rode up and down
through the camp in the half-light before the dawn.
“_Waniska! Waniska!_” he cried. “Twenty went to the fort last night.
Two have not come back!”
One of course was Meeminook. The other turned up later afoot. Steele’s
men had captured his horse.
It was a dismal note in the ears of the Indians. The day of accounting
had arrived. Despite my lacerated lip, I ate breakfast in a state
bordering on intoxication—an intoxication of cheerfulness. The
frightful monotony of our lives for two months—even danger becomes
monotonous if you are exposed to it for long enough—was to be smashed;
at least there would be fighting and in the end some of us, at all
events, would probably be living and safe and imbecilely happy in
consequence.
The date was May 27th. The sun rose over the wooded slope behind
us strong and warm, flooding the valley with its genial radiance.
Little Poplar, reminding me of Yankee Doodle in his tightly-buttoned
waistcoat, breechclout, moccasins, and stiff felt hat with a feather
stuck in the side, came through the camp, his brown muscular legs and
arms bare, his face gaudy with red and yellow paint. His rifle rested
carelessly across his horse’s withers. Always the dandy of the camp,
he looked no less the dandy in warrior undress, walking his horse up
and down, nonchalantly quavering a Crow war-song. He laughed, too, now
and then somewhat contemptuously, and presently he ceased singing and
called so that the whole camp might hear:
“_Ai-waik-ekin!_ I’m astonished! Here are the white soldiers! I thought
the Wood Crees were brave, but they do nothing to prepare to fight,
sitting in the lodges with the women. Will they be knocked on the head
like rabbits? Does the sight of a few redcoats make them sick?”
The Plain Crees were already stripping for battle, painting their
bodies, and after Little Poplar’s taunt the Wood Indians were not slow
in following their example. Some of the half-breeds, too, appeared
painted, with guns in their hands and handkerchiefs tied around their
heads to increase their resemblance to the Indians.
Carts were abandoned. Loading their effects on the ponies and dogs,
the Indians moved up a wooded ravine running at right angles into the
valley behind the camp. The upland was thickly forested almost to the
brink of the valley on the east, and along the summit and in the ravine
the Indians began hastily to dig rifle-pits, a work in which some of
the prisoners were compelled to assist.
I packed Patenaude’s horses, including the devastating pinto, but I
was not called on to build pits. We moved on up the slope, perhaps two
hundred yards back from the valley. Before quitting the old camp Mr.
McLean wrote on the fly-leaf of a book he had picked up somewhere and
left in one of the tents the following note:
“Look for us north-east from here. We are all well. May God protect us.”
Scouts reported the troops advancing toward Frenchman’s Butte.
Patenaude and a few of his Wood Cree friends, having with them the Rev.
Charles Quinney, his wife, Henry Quinn and myself, had drawn a little
apart from the main camp, from which we were hidden by intervening
woods. Big Bear’s men frequently came round to see that we were still
there and advised us to move nearer them.
About four o’clock our Indians told us they had decided if possible
to withdraw finally from the hostiles. We packed again and moved off.
The country was covered with small timber, broken here and there by
narrow open glades. We were instructed to travel “_nanance_”—abreast
and some way apart; thus no clearly-marked trail would be left and Big
Bear’s men, should be we missed and pursued, would have difficulty in
following us.
We had gone only a few hundred yards when we heard General Strange in
tones of thunder demanding our release. And what music in the ears of
us captives was the earth-rocking roar of that nine-pounder field-gun!
We could have cheered and cheered again; but the cheering had to be
deferred: we walked on silently with prudence dominating our exultation.
An old woman began to lament, asking what the poor Indians had done
that the white soldiers should come to kill them all with their big
guns. Blood will tell! She was mother to one of our friendly Indians,
but did not like to see any of her nation hurt. She concluded with an
invocation:
“Oh, Sun, if you are kind to our children to-day I will show you a
looking-glass!”
What Sun wanted with a looking-glass was too many for me then and is
yet, unless the wrinkled dame believed that, like a woman, he would do
anything for a glance at his own face. If this doesn’t explain it, her
invocation remains for me an unsolvable riddle.
A few shots only were fired. We hurried on for a mile; then coming
together, after another five miles we camped some two miles from the
main band. We had travelled in a circle to further cover our retreat.
Our Indians still feared pursuit and our evening camp fire was a tiny
one. Longfellow, guardian of the missionary and his wife, went back at
dusk to lie on our trail and throw Big Bear’s men off the scent if they
came after us. Patenaude had gone to Big Bear’s camp, if possible to
get James K. Simpson, his stepfather, away.
Longfellow returned at ten o’clock. Imasees, in an extremely dangerous
mood, heading a small trailing party, had been intercepted by him and
misdirected as to the location of our camp. After a futile attempt to
follow our tracks with the aid of matches, they abandoned the search,
Longfellow protesting that we were not trying to escape and would
rejoin the main party in the morning. It was fortunate for us that
Longfellow met the search party. The longest part of Longfellow, I have
since often thought, was his head.
Quinn, as already related, had made one attempt at escape and
Longfellow mistrusted him. If in a second attempt he should succeed
and Big Bear’s men afterward find us, we would surely suffer.
Longfellow, therefore, before leaving camp that evening delegated to
me in confidence the job of keeping Quinn under surveillance. Never
did I allow him out of my sight, and when it came time to turn in I
suggested that as we had but a blanket each, for the sake of comfort
we should sleep together. Quinn was in an exceedingly bad humour.
Evidently he sensed that he was under suspicion and resented it. He
preferred to sleep alone, he said, intimating further that he was quite
able to take care of himself. I lost patience.
“We’re going to sleep together, Quinn, and that’s all there is to it,”
I told him bluntly. “You’d slip away and leave us if we’d let you,
but you’re not going to get the chance. You made one attempt and just
missed losing your scalp. Incidentally, you put us all in danger.
You’re not going to do it again. How do you know the Indians aren’t
between us and the troops, guarding the east bank of the coulee from
above here right down to the Saskatchewan? You think I’m watching you
and you don’t like it. Well, I am, and I mean to make a job of it. Now,
let’s turn in.”
He protested that he had no intention of again trying to escape,
but I would not trust him and sleep together we did. Or we lay down
together—Quinn did the sleeping.
We breakfasted at daybreak. Soon afterward Louis Patenaude appeared
with Halpin, François Dufresne and a few more Indians and half-breeds.
He had been unable to smuggle Mr. Simpson away from Big Bear. At
half-past six we again heard the boom of the big gun, much closer than
on the previous evening and so the more welcome in our ears. It ushered
in the battle of Frenchman’s Butte, and for three hours the solemn
majesty of that verdant wilderness echoed and rocked to the belch of
cannon, the bursting of shell and the spiteful crash of musketry.
Our party moved off, but with no thought of rejoining the main camp to
the north. We travelled north-east, until crossing a little prairie
perhaps a mile from the battleground and directly in the line of
big-gun fire, a shell hurtled past on the left. To me its whistle was
the sweetest of music, but it threw the Indians into panic and they
quickened their pace to reach the woods ahead. The actual battle was
hidden from us by the intervening scrub.
At the timber on the far side of the prairie we halted for a moment
to adjust our loads. We looked each instant to see the scarlet tunics
flash into sight on the plain behind us, but the minutes passed and we
looked in vain. We urged the Indians to wait; they were deaf to our
entreaties. Louis and Sitting Horse had gone back to the coulee to
watch the fight; they refused to let me accompany them as I begged to
be allowed to do.
We went on slowly toward the east, cutting our way with axes through
the thick poplars, and our hopes sank as the firing grew fainter,
slackened and at length died altogether. About noon Louis and Sitting
Horse overtook us. The troops had retreated, they said, a number having
been killed. Five of the Indians were wounded, one seriously.
This was certainly disheartening. Was it possible the troops had been
defeated—that we were not to be released after all? Later we learned
that General Strange’s casualties consisted of three men wounded.
We camped for the night about eight miles from the battlefield. I
returned with Louis and another Indian on horseback to the little
prairie for provisions left in a cart we had been compelled to abandon
when we entered the thick bush. The peace of the wilderness brooded
once more over the land, but that from the north the faint mutter of
gunfire reached us. This, we surmised rightly, must be Big Bear’s men,
retreating on a line paralleling our own and shooting rabbits for food
along the way.
What had actually happened was this: General Strange had retired toward
Pitt and the Indians had immediately struck camp and taken the opposite
direction. They would have stayed to fight again, but had no ammunition
to waste. Furthermore, they objected to “the gun that shot twice.” It
was unfair they thought of the soldiers to fire great bullets that
themselves burst when they struck their rifle-pits. Kahweechetwaymot,
double murderer, had had the flesh stripped from his thigh by a piece
of shell. He died before another sun rose upon his bed of torture.
Wandering Spirit was active throughout the fight. He moved up and
down among the rifle-pits, haranguing his warriors, buoying up their
courage. Oskatask, who has more than once stalked across these pages,
was also conspicuous in the engagement. Each time a shell dropped and
burst he sprang to his feet in his rifle-pit and shouted derisively
“_Tan at ee!_” He had been about the forts both on the Canadian and
American frontiers, had watched the troops at drill and out of the maze
of orders which were simply sounds to him, had pounced on and grappled
to himself the magic words: “_Stand at ease!_” He found much exuberant
joy in launching at the troops, who were anything but at ease in the
plunging fire from the pits above them, his mock command. Later a
rifle ball through the wrist took the edge off Oskatask’s enjoyment.
From General Strange’s book, _Gunner Jingo’s Jubilee_, I take the
following extracts descriptive of the Battle of Frenchman’s Butte:
“On the morning of May 28th the Force was roused without sound of
bugle and after a scanty breakfast, at daybreak moved forward toward
Frenchman’s Butte. The advance was led by Major Steele’s scouts,
dismounted, extended and flanking each side of the trail. Next
came the main body, consisting of some three hundred men of the
Winnipeg Light Infantry and Quebec Voltigeurs, while the nine-pounder
field-gun under Lieut. Strange brought up the rear.
“Suddenly we came to a comparatively open space, to which trails
converged from every direction. It was the encampment where the
braves had held their last Sun Dance. The poles of the great sacred
lodge still stood with the leafy garlands hanging from the centre
one, showing how lately a number of young warriors had been made
under the established circumstances of self-torture, to prove manly
endurance, while the old warriors had recounted their prowess, mainly
in horse-stealing and murder.
“I was riding with the advanced scouts, when we came upon a camp fire
still alight, with an abandoned dough-cake in the ashes. It was at
the edge of an abrupt descent, down the wooded slope of which ran the
trail, leading to what appeared to be the left of their position.
Streamers of red and white calico, the spoils of Fort Pitt, hung from
the branches of a tree on the opposite crest of a bare glacis-slope.
The valley, about five hundred yards wide, intersected by a sluggish
creek, widening into a swamp, and fringed here and there with
willows. The hill salient, and the swampy stream followed the outline
of the foot of the slope, eventually to join the Saskatchewan, which
I knew to be about five miles to the south.
“The crest of the hill was thickly wooded, and the field-glasses
disclosed what seemed to be long lines of rifle-pits along its edge.
They were skilfully concealed, however; even the loose red earth dug
out in their construction had been hidden by broken branches of trees
stuck in to represent a living growth. There was not a sign or sound
of movement; the very streamers drooped in the still morning air.
“Steele and his men were close behind, but withdrawn from the brow to
escape observation. The ground on our side of the valley was hemmed
in with thick bush, which left little room for formation, except a
small space to the right rear, where the wagons were subsequently
corralled.
“Nothing more was to be learned from this side, so I descended with
Scout Patton to reconnoitre. We reached the bottom of the valley
and were close to the little stream, when his horse suddenly sank
to the girths. I reined back and he scrambled with difficulty to
solid ground. It was useless to proceed farther, as it was evident
our horses could not cross there. We returned to the crest of the
hill without being fired upon. The enemy evidently wished to draw
us into an ambuscade and calculated that I would go blundering on
with my force. I subsequently found that the attractive streamers,
which I had distrusted as being at variance with the usages of Indian
warfare, would have enticed us into the re-entering angle made by
their main line of rifle-pits. A long and deep shelter-trench,
admirably constructed and concealed, gave a flanking fire on the left
face of their position, into which the trail led.
“The field-gun was ordered up and opened fire from the edge of the
descent, which quickly drew a heavy response. I deployed the small
force at my disposal and ordered Major Steele’s mounted police and
scouts to extend to the left, dismount and descend the hill to a
fringe of willow bush along the edge of the creek.
“The Voltigeurs, under Colonel Hughes and Major Prevost, went down
the hill at the double and extended along the creek on the right of
the dismounted cavalry, and the Winnipeg Light Infantry, under Major
Thibadeau, took what cover they could get, on the right again, in the
willow bushes on the edge of the swamp. Two companies of the Winnipeg
battalion, under Colonel Osborne Smith, were held in support on the
hill, while Major Hatton’s Alberta Mounted Rifles were dismounted and
ordered to cover the right flank, where the wood was thickest.
“As I rode along the ridge, an admirable view of the entire position
was gained. No sooner had my men extended than the whole line of
rifle-pits opened fire from the opposite summit for about a mile.
But the fire was without much effect, for the range was four hundred
yards, my men had taken advantage of all possible cover in the
willows, and steadily returned it. Lieut. Strange had got the exact
range—600 yards—of the pits, with a few common shell. He then tried
shrapnel, evidently without much effect, as the fire from the pits
did not slacken. Their occupants had also got the range of the
field-gun with long-range Sharp rifles and the wicked ping of the
bullets made it desirable to order the gun detachment to lie down,
Number Two sponging and ramming home while kneeling.
“The officer alone stood to watch the effect of his fire. There
was no cover for the gun, and it could not be withdrawn without
losing its coign of vantage, though its position was changed once to
enfilade in succession both faces of the salient line of rifle-pits.
On the failure of shrapnel, a few rounds of the special case with
leaden balls were tried, with no better result, and Lieut. Strange
again had recourse to common shell with percussion fuses. These,
bursting in the loose earth thrown up before the pits, exploded in
them, killing, as we afterward learned, one Indian and wounding three
others, in one of the large shelter-trenches. The enemy bolted from
some of the pits thus enfiladed into the woods, from which they kept
up a desultory fire.
“Meanwhile, I saw some of the infantry endeavouring to cross the
swamp. They sank waist high in black mud, and even had they succeeded
in crossing there was before them only the open slope of gradual
glacis, swept by the fire from the pits. I descended to the position
occupied by the Voltigeurs and Steele’s Scouts. Being the only
mounted man in the valley, the enemy honoured me with a special
salute and I dismounted, not wishing to draw fire and desiring also
to test the position, which could be done only on foot. Constable
McRae, of the North-West Mounted Police, was here wounded, receiving
a bullet in the left leg. He objected with emphasis to being removed
until he had used up his cartridges on the hostiles.
“I saw that my men were at a great disadvantage, being overlooked
by the enemy, who could see almost every man as he lay, while my
force could judge of the whereabouts of the Indians only by the
smoke of their rifles and so could effect little damage by their
upward rifle-fire on men in pits who were careful not to expose
themselves. Direct advance, even if practicable, would I was sure
entail very severe loss while crossing the swamp and open glacis,
and I determined to try a turning movement round the enemy’s right.
I ordered Major Steele to retire his men, mount, and make a detour
under cover of the bush to our left, to see if he could find a
crossing and turn the enemy’s position while their attention was
occupied in front. To this end, the infantry and the field-gun kept
up a slow but steady fire.
“Steele reported that the enemy’s position extended a mile and a
half and that he could find no way of turning it with his few men.
I therefore sent an order for him to return. By this time Major
Hatton reported the enemy on our right circling round our rear
and firing into the corral. The thick bush formed an impenetrable
screen for their movements, and I ordered the corral to be retired
out of fire. Colonel Smith came to me and expressed his opinion as
to the hopelessness of farther advance with the handful of men at
our disposal. We could neither abandon our wagons nor cross them to
the other side, the force had eaten nothing since 3.30 a.m., and
the horses had not been unharnessed for eight hours. Moreover, we
had only one day’s rations then on hand, and the affairs at Duck
Lake, Fish Creek and Cut Knife made me cautious; I did not think it
advisable to sacrifice men for more than doubtful results when I
was hourly expecting reinforcements from Battleford and a complete
capture might be effected. Our half-breed guides were confident that
the Indians would await a second attack, which might be delivered
under more favourable conditions; and it was decided to retire.
“Beside Constable McRae, Privates Lemai and Marcotte, of the 65th
Voltigeurs, were reported seriously wounded. I applied to an
officer of the Voltigeurs, who informed me that all the wounded had
been brought up except Lemai, who would die anyway, and that the
stretcher-party refused to go to the advanced position where he had
fallen. I pointed out that he was responsible for his men, as I was
responsible for him, and asked him if he expected me to go on the
quest myself. The naïvete of that officer’s reply as he turned on his
heel was too funny: I simply laughed. It was:
“‘General, I’ve been shot at quite enough to-day, and I’m damned if I
go down there again!’
“Under the circumstances, there was nothing for it but to accept
the rôle so impolitely left me. Ordering my son to open a sharp
fire of case shot to cover the advance of my stretcher-party, I
went to Dr. Pare, of the 65th, who came with alacrity, as did also
Father Prevost, chaplain of the battalion, with crucifix in hand to
administer the last rites of the church. We found the man well to
the front, in an exposed position; and I must admit some impatience,
which the good priest did not seem to share, during the confession
of sin. I suggested to the brave padre the desirability of lumping
the details, which he did, and placing the wounded man, under Dr.
Pare’s directions, in the stretcher, the party moved up the hill, I
bringing up the rear with the man’s rifle. The fire grew hotter as
we ascended; the rear man dropped his end of the stretcher, and I
took his place. Thus General Jingo, who finished his first fight by
kicking his general, met a just retribution in having to carry his
wounded off his last field.
“The Force returned to Fort Pitt, to remain for some days awaiting
the arrival of provisions; and thus ended the Battle of Frenchman’s
Butte.”