and they furnished the theme of the monomania which overtook him at
about his sixtieth year. He accepted with enthusiasm the geological
proofs of the antiquity of man in Europe, and presently undertook to
reinforce them by proofs of his own gathering in the Connecticut Valley.
An initial difficulty confronted him. The red freestone of that region
belongs to the Triassic period, the oldest of the secondary series. It
was an age of giant reptiles, contemporary with the earliest specimens
of mammalian life, and not a likely place in which to look for relics of
the highest of mammals. But Dr. Barratt insisted that this freestone is
Eocene, thus bringing it into the tertiary series; and while geologists
in general were unwilling to admit the existence of man before the
Pleistocene period, he boldly carried it back to the Eocene. Thus, by
adding a few million years to the antiquity of mankind and subtracting a
few million from that of the rocks, he was enabled at once to maintain
that he had discovered in the Portland freestone the indisputable
remains of an ancient human being with only three fingers, upon whom he
bestowed the name of _Homo tridactylus_. For companions he gave this
personage four species of kangaroo, and from that time forth discoveries
multiplied.
Such claims, when presented before learned societies with the doctor's
quaint enthusiasm, and illustrated by his marvellous crayon sketches,
were greeted with shouts of laughter. Among the geologists who chiefly
provoked his wrath was the celebrated student of fossil footprints, Dr.
Edward Hitchcock. "Why, sir," he would exclaim, "Dr. Hitchcock is a
perfect fool, sir! I can teach ten of him, sir!" In spite of all scoffs
and rebuffs, the old gentleman moved on to the end serene in his
unshakable convictions. A courteous listener was, of course, a rare boon
to him; and so, in that little town, it became his habit to confide his
new discoveries to me. When I was out walking, if chary of my half hours
(as sometimes happened), a long detour would be necessary, to avoid his
accustomed haunts; and once, on my return from a journey, I had hardly
rung the doorbell when he appeared on the veranda with an essay entitled
"An Eocene Picnic," which he hoped to publish in "The Atlantic Monthly,"
and which he insisted upon reading to me then and there. At one time a
very large bone was found in one of the quarries, which was pronounced
by Dr. Hitchcock to have belonged to an extinct batrachian; but Dr.
Barratt saw in it the bone of a pachyderm. "Why, sir," said he, "it was
their principal beast of burden,--as big as a rhinoceros and as gentle
as a lamb. The children of Homo tridactylus used to play about his feet,
sir, in perfect safety. I call him _Mega-ergaton docile_, 'the teachable
great-worker.' Liddell and Scott give only the masculine, _ergates_, but
for a beast of burden, sir, I prefer the neuter form. A gigantic
pachyderm, sir; and Dr. Hitchcock, sir, perfect fool, sir, says it was a
bullfrog!"
The mortal remains of this gentle palæontologist rest in the beautiful
Indian Hill Cemetery at Middletown, and his gravestone, designed and
placed there by my dear friend, the late Charles Browning, is
appropriate and noble. For the doctor was after all a sterling man,
whose unobtrusive merits were great, while his foibles were not
important. The stone is a piece of fossil tree-trunk, brought over from
Portland, imbedded in an amorphous block untouched by chisel, save
where, on a bit of polished surface, one reads the name and dates, with
the simple legend, "The Testimony of the Rocks."
_November, 1898._
NOTE
AN ACCOUNT OF THE ADONI-SHOMO COMMUNITY
From the _Springfield Republican_. (1876.)
As queer a people as are often met, and apparently as upright and
religious, withal, are the Community situated on the stage-road between
Athol and Petersham, and commonly known thereabouts as "Howlandites" or
"Fullerites." According to their account, nearly twenty-one years ago,
two Worcester women, Mrs. Sarah J. Hervey and her sister, Caroline E.
Hawks, had come to hope for a divine revelation to them, and in
expectation of it had gone to a camp-meeting at Groton. Entering the
meeting they heard a stranger "talking in tongues," who proved to be the
man to meet their wants, in the person of Frederick T. Howland, a
Quaker, of good social standing, from New Bedford. That day, September
15, 1855, was the origin "in the faith," though not in temporal
association, of the Community, these three being the "pioneers," as
Sister Hervey takes pride in calling herself and associates. Mrs.
Hervey's husband died a year or two later, though not in the faith,
"these things," as they say, "having been beyond him." Soon after, the
new belief received the addition of eight persons from Athol, among them
Leonard C. Fuller, the present Spiritual head of the Community, and his
wife. In May, 1861, having been "moved by the Spirit" to form an
association for living together, they settled at Fuller's, at the south
end of Pleasant Street in Athol. In August, 1864, they removed to their
present farm in Petersham. Brother Howland held the position of head of
the body till killed by a runaway horse, not quite two years ago. His
people considered him a prophet, and say the Lord spoke by him, and that
he led them as Moses led the people of Israel.
Their religious belief in many respects resembles that of the
Adventists, but differs in the vital point, that the reign of Christ,
under the expected new dispensation, is to be spiritual, and not
personal, as the Adventists hold. They construe the saying of John the
Revelator, "I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day," to refer to a period
of time to begin with the 7000th year of the world, which is near at
hand. The judgment day they believe has already begun, and in a short
time, at the opening of the new dispensation, the holy dead are to be
raised. When a man who has only received "common" salvation dies, he has
no consciousness till the resurrection; but some, who are "specially"
saved, will not die. Miracles will be performed commonly. When the new
dispensation begins they are to be of the 144,000 spoken of by John, and
are to judge the nations. They do not believe in a hypothetical heaven
somewhere in space; the earth is not to be destroyed but changed; and
finally the devil is to be bound for a thousand years. They entirely
denounce Spiritualism, saying that it is from the Devil, or Antichrist.
Brother Howland, they say, lay down to rise with the prophets, and they
have written out what they claim to be prophecies made by him months or
years before his death as to the manner in which it should occur, which,
judged by the event, are certainly striking.
The Community live mostly upon farinaceous food; they drink principally
water, sometimes herb tea. No flesh is eaten, because there is to be a
restitution of the order of things that prevailed in the garden of Eden,
and nothing that grows in the ground, because the ground is cursed. They
live on the apostolic plan of having all property in common. If any
among them wish to get married, they have to leave the Community.
Morning and evening they "wait before the Lord," standing, repeat the
Lord's prayer, and read and explain the Bible, "as the Spirit gives
utterance." Although the district public school is only a stone's throw
away, the half-dozen children of the Community, whom they have adopted,
"as the Lord sent them," are taught at home by Sister Hervey. Sometimes,
the neighbours' children come in, also, and they are said to do better
there than at the public school. The school gives an occasional visit
before the family, and a Christmas tree is provided. No jewelry is worn,
and they dress very plainly; though the "world's people" claim that the
Community wear as expensive "fixin's" and show as much pride as they do.
The Community observe a seventh-day Sabbath, extending from 6 P. M.,
Friday, to the same hour, Saturday. The exercises begin at 10 o'clock,
Saturday, and continue without intermission till 3. They are of the
opinion that they need not go to a synagogue or "where the minister has
to go 'round and wake the people up, as he did down to the Advent Church
in Athol, last Sunday." The family seat themselves in the parlour on
three sides of the room, with the occasional visitors on the fourth
side; and the exercises consist of exhortations by the various members,
according as they are moved by the Spirit, with abundant "amens" from
the rest. If no one feels called upon to speak, they study the Bible.
Often they break out into singing. The house is free to visitors at all
times. Last year from June to October, they had over two hundred
visitors, among them nineteen, unexpectedly, one Sabbath.[52]
Their number, now about twenty, varies from time to time. They say they
do not expect additions, though recently they have received two or three
which they count of considerable importance. One of them is a woman,
formerly a member of the Shaker Community at Dayton, O., where she was
not satisfied, who walked all the way from Ohio to join them; another is
an ex-Baptist minister from Athol. They say they have suffered
considerable persecution "for righteousness' sake." Mrs. Fuller thinks
she was cheated out of property which her mother left her, and, because
of the faith, two of their number, while sick, they say, were turned out
of a house on School Street in this city. They add, however, that those
forward in opposing them have died sudden or violent deaths. On the
other hand, they are prospering; they own a farm of two hundred and ten
acres, and Brother Asa Richards, their Temporal head, raises stock,
grain, fruits, etc., nearly sufficient to support them. Brother Fuller,
though their Spiritual head,[53] does the marketing, principally in
Athol. They have decided to enlarge the house and build a chapel in a
short time, "if the Lord permits." Last winter, to protect their
property, they went to the secretary of the Commonwealth and were
organized under recent state laws as a corporation, with all the powers
of a chartered body, under the name of "Adoni-shomo," Hebrew for "the
Lord is there;" that name being found in Ezekiel xlviii. 35. All their
property will now remain in the Community while a single member of it is
living.
It may be added that the views which outsiders hold of their Community
do not always agree with their own. A "brother" named Mann died, last
fall, and, by their own confession, they had some difficulty with his
heirs, but finally settled for a nominal sum. At first they refused to
pay over anything, but the heirs, four in number, threatening law, they
finally concluded that the Lord willed them to give up $800. The common
belief is that Mann was worth as many thousands; at any rate, the
Petersham property was deeded to him in connection with Howland. Athol
people scout the idea that Howland had prophetic powers, and think that
the Community was simply the result of a shrewd plan of his to get a
living without working for it.
INDEX
Abbot, Ezra, 405.
Adams, John, 150.
Adams, Samuel, 155, 300.
Adoni-shomo, a religious community, 449-452.
Agassiz, Louis, 77, 312.
Agricultural chemistry, 73.
Alabama Claims, 172, 176.
Albigenses, crusade against the, 132.
Alger, W. R., 93.
Algol, a multiple star, 7.
Alphabet puzzle, 435.
Altruism, 113.
America, discovery of, 123, 124;
effects of its discovery upon political freedom, 127.
American history, picturesqueness of, 197-199.
Ames, Fisher, 300.
Anachronisms in Shakespeare's plays, 389.
Anaxagoras, 117.
Anglophobia of Scotchmen in former times, 181.
Anthropocentric thought, 111, 112.
Appleton, D., & Co., 89-91.
Arbitration, instances of, 176, 177;
among the ancient Greeks, 182;
among the Italian republics, 183.
Arbitration Treaty between the United States and Great Britain, 165-193.
Arnold, Matthew, on translating Homer, 353.
Arts, beginning of, 118-120.
Aryan languages, 31, 32.
Asbjoernsen's folk-tales of Norway, 325.
Astley, Sir Jacob, 160.
Astronomy at the Harvard Observatory, 309.
Athanasius, 53.
Athenæum Press, the, 309.
Atomic theory, 28.
Augustine, 53.
Avogadro's law of gaseous volumes, 28.
Aztecs, 209.
Bacon, Delia, a paradoxer, 351, 356, 385, 399, 402, 440.
Bacon, Francis, 356, 357, 367, 370, 374, 375, 378, 379, 381, 383,
385-398, 403, 404.
Bacon-Shakespeare folly, 350-404, 410.
Baer, K. E. von, 18, 19, 25, 41.
Balance, use of, 2, 3.
Baptists, 148.
Barbarism, types of, 32-34.
Barratt, Joseph, 455-459.
Bathybius, 343-345.
Baxter, Richard, 154.
Beaumont, Francis, 374.
Beecher, Henry Ward, 92.
Bellerophon, his letter, 354.
Bessel, F. W., 6.
Biblical chronology disturbed by geologists, 9.
Bichat, X., his study of tissues, 17.
Big Crow, a Sioux chief, 240.
Biglow, Hosea, on the right to be a fool, 175;
on the Yankee dialect, 298;
on citified English, 371.
Black, Joseph, his discovery of latent heat, 10.
Blackfriars Theatre, 378.
Blake, Robert, 154.
Blue Anchor Tavern, 297.
Boccaccio, G., 359.
Bond, G. P., 309.
Bond, W. C., 309.
Bopp, Franz, 30.
Boughton, Sir T., 382.
Bouquet, Henry, 207.
Bowditch, Nathaniel, 434.
Brébeuf, J., 199.
Bridge, John, 293.
Bridges of Cambridge, 302.
Bridgman, Laura, 335.
Brougham, Lord, 412.
Brown, Marie, a paradoxer, 441.
Browning, Charles, 459.
Büchner, L., 54.
Buckle, H. T., 218.
Buller, Sir Francis, his absurd charge to the jury, 382.
Bunker Hill, 301.
Bunyan, John, 403.
Burghley, Lord, 364.
Burke, Edmund, 194.
Burton, Robert, 403.
Cabanis, Pierre, 55.
Calvin, J., 130.
Cambridge, Mass., its history, 286-318;
originally intended to be capital of Massachusetts, 290;
in what sense the daughter of Cambridge, England, 295;
complex nature of its growth, 306;
its extensive manufactures, 307-309;
excellence of its municipal government, 316, 317.
Camden, William, 374.
Carlyle, Thomas, 218.
Caroline, Sister, 447, 450, 451.
Carpenter, W., a paradoxer, 421.
Catastrophes in geology, 21.
Catholics, disfranchised in Rhode Island, 139.
Causans, M. de, a circle-squarer, 434.
Cavaliers in Virginia, 142.
Cavendish, Henry, his analysis of water, 29.
Champlain, S., 199, 203, 210.
Chancery phrases seldom found in Shakespeare, 383.
Chapman, George, 357, 359, 373, 385.
Charles I., 290.
Charles II., 137, 165.
Chemical chart, devised by E. L. Youmans, 79.
Chemistry, Youmans's textbook of, 80, 81.
Christ Church in Cambridge, 298.
Cieza de Leon, 202.
Circle-squaring, 406-408, 411-417.
Cities in Massachusetts, 305.
Clan ownership, 33.
Clarendon, Earl of, 158.
Clark, J. S., 93, 100.
Class Day forty years ago, 311.
Classification of organisms, significance of, 14, 15.
Cleveland, Grover, 175;
his Venezuela message, 179.
"Coin's Financial School," 436.
Coke, Edward, 374, 393.
Columbus, Christopher, 123.
Commercial spirit and ecclesiastical spirit, antagonism between, 134-136.
Comparative method, 30-35.
Comte, Auguste, his assertion that a stellar astronomy is impossible, 6;
failure of his philosophy, 13, 14, 88.
Conán Maol, 327.
Congress of American Colonies, 191.
Congresses, International, 188, 189.
Connecticut, founding of, 145.
Controverted questions between the United States and Great Britain,
171, 172.
Cook, Joseph, 333-349.
Cooper, James Fenimore, unreality of his Indians, 200.
Copernicus, N., 102, 111, 125.
Copyright, international, 97.
Correlation of forces, 27, 28, 55, 97.
Cortes, H., 123.
Cotton, John, 139, 146, 225.
Criminal trials, 382.
Cromwell, Oliver, 154-164.
Culmer, Frederick, a paradoxer, 425, 426.
Culture, early stages of, 32-34.
Cumulative action, 11, 12, 77, 101.
Curtin, Jeremiah, 320-332.
Curtis, B. R., 300.
Cuvier, his classification of animals in space and time, 16, 17.
Dalton's law of proportions, 28.
Darwin, Charles, 21-24, 30, 40, 49, 77, 103-105, 335, 363, 386.
Darwin, George Howard, 8.
Defoe, Daniel, 404.
Delitzsch, Franz, 341.
De Morgan, Augustus, 411-419, 427, 435.
Derby, Earl of, 194.
Descartes, René, 125.
Dickens, Charles, 370.
Differentiation, 44.
Dingle, Edward, a paradoxer, 431.
Diogenes, on the possibility of motion, 61.
Disarmament, 191-193.
Disqualifications, religious, 143.
Dobbs, a caravan doctor, 247.
Dogberry, 395.
Donellan, John, famous case of, 382.
Donne, John, 374.
Donnelly, Ignatius, a paradoxer, 398, 403, 440.
Doyle, J. A., 155.
Dudley, Joseph, 146.
Dummkopf, Herr, substituted name for a paradoxer, 408, 409.
Dunster, Henry, 294.
Dying, how to avoid, 411-452.
Dynamical conception of the world, 36.
East Gate of Cambridge, 296.
Eccentric literature, 409-444.
Ecclesiasticism and commercialism, antagonism between, 134-136.
Edward I., 130.
Edward III., 130, 136.
Edwards, Jonathan, 147, 148, 164.
Electoral Commission of 1877, 173.
Eliot, George, 353, 354.
Eliot, John, 157.
Elizabeth, Queen, 131, 132.
Elze, K., 372.
Embryology, its lessons, 16.
Emerson, R. W., 145, 150.
Endicott, John, 143, 144.
Evolution, 35-38;
and the study of history, 42, 65, 66.
Facts vs. theories, 21.
Fairfax, Thomas, 157.
Faraday, M., his discovery of magneto-electric induction, 27.
Farmer Weathersky, 329.
Fenian legends, 327.
Fifth Monarchists, 164.
Fischer, Kuno, 386.
Fletcher, John, 374, 395.
Flighty, Mr., substituted name for a paradoxer, 452-455.
Forman, Captain, a paradoxer, 412, 413.
Forsyth, W., 194.
Foster, John, 155.
Fox-hunting, condemned by E. A. Freeman, 283.
France and England, their struggle for North America, 216.
Franklin, Benjamin, 69, 145, 150.
Freedom of thought, unpopularity of, 128, 152.
Freeman, E. A., 30;
his birth, 265;
leading events of his life, 266;
his early work in architecture, 267;
his breadth of view, 268;
his historical essays, 269;
his book on federal government, 269-272;
his "Norman Conquest" and "William Rufus," 272-274;
his miscellaneous work, especially relating to eastern Europe, 275;
his lectures on comparative politics, 276;
his work on historical geography, 277;
other work, 278, 279;
his history of Sicily, 279, 280;
his premature death, 281;
his warfare against fools and tyrants, 281, 282;
his wholesome view of the Eastern Question, 282;
his condemnation of fox-hunting, 283;
his domestic habits, 283.
French heroism, 218.
French materialists of the 18th century, 116, 117.
French war of 1755-1763;
its importance not generally comprehended, 251.
Fresnel, A. J., 27.
Frontenac, Count, 210.
Frothingham, Octavius Brooks, 225, 257, 260.
Froude, J. C., 194.
Fuller, Thomas, 374.
Gaelic language, its pathetic fate, 320-323.
Galapagos Islands, 23.
Galen, 400.
Galileo, 444, 453.
Garcilasso de la Vega, 202.
Gardiner, S. R., 156.
Gerry, Elbridge, 300.
God's Acre in Cambridge, 296.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, one of the first among evolutionists, 14,
15, 41, 62.
Gravitation, theory of, called atheistic, 9;
forbidden to be taught in Spain, 126.
Gray, Asa, 30, 312, 349.
Gray, Thomas, 157.
Great Awakening, the, 147, 148.
Great Design, the, of Henry IV., 190.
Greece in primitive times, 211, 212.
Greene, Robert, 373, 384.
Grove, Sir W., 27.
Gruagach of Tricks, the, 329-331.
Gumpach, Johannes, a paradoxer, 418.
Gurney, E. W., 93.
Haddon Hall, 123.
Haeckel, Ernst, his materialism refuted, 51-62, 115, 116.
Hail-Storm, a young warrior, 243-245.
Hales, Sir James, case of, 379, 380.
Half-way Covenant, 146-148.
Hall, Caroline, 225.
Hall, Nathaniel, 225.
Hamilton, Alexander, 157, 180.
Hampden, John, 157.
Hampden, John, a paradoxer, 419.
Harvard College, founding of, 161, 294.
Harvey, William, on the advance from simplicity to complexity, 41;
his remark about Bacon, 388;
his discovery of the circulation of blood, 400, 401.
Hathaway, Anne, her cottage at Shottery, 365.
Helium, 7.
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von, 27.
Helps, Sir Arthur, 64.
Henry V. of England, 125.
Henry VIII. of England, 129, 134.
Henry the Navigator, Prince, 123.
Herbert, Edward, 374.
Herschel, Sir John, 412.
Heterogeneity, 44.
Higginson, T. W., 194.
Hippocrates, 400.
Historian, requirements for making an, 208.
Hitchcock, Edward, 458, 459.
Hodge, a circle-squarer, 413-416.
Holinshed, Raphael, 358.
Holmes, Nathaniel, a paradoxer, 379-381, 440.
Holmes, O. W., his birthplace, 301.
_Homo tridactylus_, 458.
Homogeneity, 44.
Hook, Theodore, 350.
Hooker, Sir J., 20.
Hooker, Richard, 53, 373.
Hooker, Thomas, 292.
Hosmer, J. K., 156-165.
Household science, 97.
Howland, Father, 444, 445, 448.
Human sacrifices, 34.
Human soul, centre of Spencerian world, 48.
Humboldt, Alexander von, 422.
Humour, Bacon's deficiency in, 490;
seldom found in cranks, 410.
Hunter, Sir John, 382.
Hutchinson, Anne, 161, 292.
Hutchinson, Thomas, 291, 300.
Hutton, James, his theory of the earth, 10.
Huxley, T. H., 17, 30, 91, 95, 337, 343-348, 361, 363.
Huyghens, Christian, 26, 27.
Immortality of the soul, 61, 114.
Independency, 131-134.
Indestructibility of matter, 28.
Infancy, chief causes of the prolongation of human, 106-109;
effect of the prolongation of human, 109;
of the orang-outang, 105.
Inquisition in Spain, effects of, 126.
Insane literature, 407-409.
Integration, 44.
International Scientific Series, 96, 97.
Ireton, Henry, 157.
Irish folk-lore, 319-332.
Iroquois farmers in the State of New York, 209.
Isolation of the United States, impossibility of maintaining, 193.
Jackson, Hughlings, 361, 362.
James I., 131.
James II., 137.
James, William, 446, 448.
Jamestown, founding of, 190
Japan, Mongolian invasion of, 437.
Jefferson, Thomas, 141, 142, 150, 305.
Jennings, Isaac, a paradoxer, 452.
Jesuits in New France, 127.
Jevons, Stanley, 388.
Johnson, Edwin, a paradoxer, 438, 439.
Johnson, Rev. Samuel, 88.
Jones, Inigo, 374.
Jonson, Ben, 357, 366-370, 374, 378, 385.
Joule, J. P., 27.
Jupiter, the planet, still feebly self-luminous, 8.
Kabaosa, 200.
Kant, Immanuel, 26, 150.
Keats, John, 359, 374.
Keely motor, 417.
Kelvin, Lord, on the size of atoms, 29.
Kepler, Johannes, 8.
King, Rufus, 300.
King of Sweden, as an umpire, 167.
Kinship, reckoned through the mother, 33.
Kirk, H. C., a paradoxer, 452.
Koch, Robert, 29.
Kuhn, Adolph, 30.
Lalemant, J., 199.
Lamb, Charles, 350.
Lander, William, a paradoxer, 419.
Landis, John, eccentric poet, 443.
Lang, Andrew, on the Homeric poems, 355.
Langdon, Samuel, 301.
Laplace, Marquis Pierre Simon de, 434.
La Salle, Robert, 199.
Lavoisier, A. L., his theory of combustion, 3, 37.
Lecturer, hardships of a, 84.
Lectures on science by E. L. Youmans, 82-87.
Leibnitz, G. W., 389.
Leslie, Alexander, 158.
_Levée en masse_, system of, 185, 186.
Lewes, G. H., 361-333.
Lewis and Clark, 203.
Light, undulatory theory of, 27.
Lindemann's researches on Pi, 407.
Linguistic Society of Paris, 21.
Linnæus, his system of classification, 16;
his relation to evolution, 41.
Little, Brown & Co., 194, 205.
Locke, John, 125, 134.
Lollardism, 130.
London, size of, in Shakespeare's time, 375.
Longfellow, H. W., 312.
Lotze, H. R., 341.
Louis XIV., 216.
Lovering, Joseph, 454.
Lowell, J. R., 299, 312, 399.
Lubbock, Sir J., 95.
Luther, Martin, 125.
Lutherans, 142.
Lyell, Sir Charles, greatness of his work, 10-13; 7.
Macaulay, Lord, 156, 387.
Madison, James, 141-143, 157.
Maine, Sir Henry, 21, 30.
Malpighi, M., 401.
Manipulation, its importance in the evolution of man, 117, 118.
Manuscripts used by Parkman, 204.
Marie de l'Incarnation, 199.
Marlowe, Christopher, 373, 385.
Maryland, 136.
Massachusetts, growth of liberal thought in, 144-149.
Masson, David, 156.
Mastodon, 437.
Materialism, attacked by Herbert Spencer, 50.
Mather, Cotton, 294.
Maurer, K., 30.
Maurice, F. D., 341.
Mayer, J. R., 27.
Maypoles, 375.
_Mega-ergaton docile_, 459.
Megalomania of cranks, 410.
Memorial Hall at Cambridge, Mass., 313.
"Merchant of Venice," its crazy law, 386.
Meres, Francis, his praise of Shakespeare, 376, 377.
Mermaid Tavern, 374.
Metamorphosis of motions, 55-57.
Methodism, 148.
Mexico, conquest of, 201, 202.
Middle Ages, accumulated misery in, 183, 184.
Middlesex Fells, 227.
"Midsummer Night's Dream, A," 375.
Mill, J. S., 94, 335.
Milton, John, 125, 134, 139;
his "Lycidas," 358;
his verses on Shakespeare, 368, 369.
Minturn, R. B., 95.
Mommsen, T., 30.
Montaigne, M. de, 390, 403.
Montcalm, 201.
Montezuma, 203.
Morality, beginnings of, 110.
Morell, J. D., 87.
Morgan, Appleton, 371.
Morse, Royal, 310.
Morphology, 15.
Nash, Thomas, 384.
Nason, a paradoxer, 439.
Natural selection, 24.
Nebular theory, 26, 45, 46, 77.
Neptune, the planet, discovery of, 5.
Netherlands, toleration in, 135, 136.
New Haven Colony, suppressed by Charles II., 146.
New Netherlands, 136.
Newton, Sir Isaac, 2, 5, 6, 9, 27, 37, 66, 125, 126, 388, 418, 419.
Noble Savage, 200.
Nordenskjöld, Baron, Swedish explorer, 424, 425.
Norton, John, 146.
"Noverint, trade of," a slang expression, 384.
Octogenarian layman, an, 432-434.
Odyssey, the, 210.
Oersted, H. C., 27.
Ogillalah Indians, 240.
Old South Church, founding of, 146, 299.
Olney, Richard, 166, 175.
Ophelia, her right to Christian burial, 380.
Orang-outang, an infant, brought up by A. R. Wallace, 105, 106.
"Oregon Trail, The," by Francis Parkman, 236-248.
Orion, nebula of, 7.
Orthodoxies, new and old, 129, 151.
Ovum, shows the process of development in all its stages, 43, 44.
Owen, Orville, a paradoxer, 370, 403.