IRELAND UNDER THE STUARTS
VOL. III.
_By the same Author_
IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS
3 vols. 8vo.
Vols. I. and II.--From the First Invasion of the Northmen to the year
1578.
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IRELAND UNDER THE STUARTS AND DURING THE INTERREGNUM
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IRELAND
UNDER THE STUARTS
AND
DURING THE INTERREGNUM
BY
RICHARD BAGWELL, M.A.
HON. LITT.D. (DUBLIN), AUTHOR OF 'IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS'
VOL. III. 1660-1690
_WITH MAP_
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
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BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, AND MADRAS
1916
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CONTENTS
OF
THE THIRD VOLUME
CHAPTER XL
THE RESTORATION GOVERNMENT, 1660
PAGE
The Irish Convention 1
Charles II. proclaimed 3
Coote and Broghill 4
The Church re-established 8
CHAPTER XLI
DECLARATION AND ACT OF SETTLEMENT, 1660-1662
Position of Irish Recusants 11
The Declaration 13
Various classes of claimants 14
First Commission of Claims 16
The Irish Parliament, May 1661 18
The Declaration debated 19
Conditions of Settlement 20
Insufficiency of land 22
Ormonde Lord Lieutenant 24
He arrives in Ireland 27
The Clanmalier Estate--Portarlington 28
CHAPTER XLII
COURT OF CLAIMS AND ACT OF EXPLANATION, 1662-1665
The second Court of Claims 30
Innocents and Nocents 31
General dissatisfaction 32
Discontented soldiers 34
Plot to seize Dublin Castle--Blood 35
Lord Antrim's case 39
'Murder will out' 42
Bill of Explanation 43
Violent debates 49
The Bill passes 50
CHAPTER XLIII
ORMONDE AND THE IRISH HIERARCHY
Ormonde's royalism 51
Peter Walsh, Orrery, and Bellings 51
Walsh and the loyal remonstrance 55
Opposition of Primate O'Reilly 56
Incompatibility of royal and papal claims 58
The Congregation meets, June 1666 61
The Remonstrance rejected 62
Why the Congregation failed 64
CHAPTER XLIV
GOVERNMENT OF ORMONDE, 1665-1668
Irish Parliament dissolved 67
Mutiny at Carrickfergus 68
Partial exclusion of Irish cattle 69
The Canary Company 70
Disputes on the cattle question 72
Irish cattle excluded and voted a public nuisance 74
Evil effects of exclusion policy 77
Ireland retaliates on Scotland 79
The first Dutch war--coast defence 81
Fall of Clarendon 84
Ormonde and Orrery 86
Recall of Ormonde 87
CHAPTER XLV
ROBARTES AND BERKELEY, 1669-1672
Lord Robartes made Lord Lieutenant 89
The Tories 90
Ossory and Robartes 92
Character of Robartes 94
Attempt to impeach Orrery 96
Lord Berkeley and his Secretary 99
Recusants indulged--Oliver Plunket 100
Blood tries to kidnap Ormonde 102
Attacks on the Act of Settlement 102
Lady Clanbrassil 104
The dispensing power 105
Riots in Dublin--Bloody Bridge 106
CHAPTER XLVI
GOVERNMENT OF ESSEX, 1672-1677
Essex reaches Ireland 108
Dublin agitators 110
Essex protects Phoenix Park 111
Provincial presidencies suppressed 112
Intolerance of the English Parliament 113
Charles II. submits 114
Agreement of Essex and Ormonde 116
Financial abuses--Ranelagh 119
Ormonde restored to favour 121
And to the Lord Lieutenancy 123
CHAPTER XLVII
GOVERNMENT OF ORMONDE, 1677-1685
Revenue troubles 125
Scramble for land 126
Oates's plot 127
Ormonde and Orrery 129
Intrigues of Shaftesbury 130
Spies and false witnesses 133
Trial and execution of Oliver Plunket 134
Ormonde's opinion of the witnesses 139
Castlehaven's Memoirs 140
Ormonde and Anglesey 141
Tories--O'Hanlon and Power 143
Attack on the Settlement 144
Court of Grace 145
Death of Charles II. 147
CHAPTER XLVIII
CLARENDON AND TYRCONNEL, 1685-1686
Accession of James II. 148
Purging the army--Tyrconnel 149
Clarendon made Lord Lieutenant 150
His journey to Ireland 151
Tyrconnel goes to London 152
Irish and French Protestant refugees 153
Judges dismissed 154
A new Privy Council 156
Tyrconnel returns as Commander-in-Chief 157
Catherine Sedley in Ireland 157
Drastic changes in the army 158
Hard cases 159
Tory Hamilton's case 160
Tyrconnel summoned to London 162
'Lillibullero' 164
Clarendon leaves Ireland 165
CHAPTER XLIX
GOVERNMENT OF TYRCONNEL, 1687-1688
Tyrconnel made Lord Deputy 167
The Coventry letter 168
The Land Settlement threatened 169
Protestant corporations attacked 170
The _Quo Warrantos_ 172
Panic among the Protestants 173
Lord Chancellor Porter dismissed 174
Succeeded by Fitton 175
Judges, magistrates, and sheriffs 176
Rice and Nugent in London 177
Declaration of Indulgence 178
Tyrconnel multiplies commissions 179
Irish soldiers in England 180
Fresh regiments raised 181
Death and character of Ormonde 182
Disturbed state of society--Leinster 184
Southwell's case 186
William's overtures to Tyrconnel 187
Panic in Ulster--Lord Mountjoy 188
Gates of Londonderry shut 190
Enniskillen and Sligo 191
Break of Dromore 193
CHAPTER L
JAMES II. IN IRELAND, 1689
French designs on Ireland--Pointis 195
Tyrconnel invites James to Ireland 198
France, Emperor, and Pope 198
Tyrconnel prepares for war 200
Attempts at resistance--Bandon 202
Kenmare 203
James arrives in Ireland 206
From Cork to Dublin 208
Avaux and Melfort 209
Fighting in Ulster--George Walker 212
William III. proclaimed at Londonderry 213
James II. in Ulster 214
Naval action at Bantry 217
Confusion in Dublin--John Stevens 218
CHAPTER LI
THE PARLIAMENT OF 1689
Tyrconnel, MacCarthy, and Sarsfield 219
The Hamiltons 222
Composition of Parliament 223
The King's speech 224
The Land Settlement attacked 225
Act of Settlement repealed 227
Act of Attainder 228
Case of Trinity College 231
Treatment of the clergy 232
Commercial legislation 233
Daly's case--scramble for property 234
French efforts to capture trade 236
End of the Parliament 237
CHAPTER LII
LONDONDERRY AND ENNISKILLEN, 1689
Siege of Londonderry 239
An English squadron appears 242
Schomberg orders the town to be relieved 243
Cruelty of De Rosen--indignation of James 245
Londonderry relieved by sea 248
Cost of the siege 250
Defence of Enniskillen 250
Colonel Lloyd--the Break of Belleek 252
Kirke in Lough Swilly--Colonel Wolseley 253
Battle of Newtown Butler 255
Walker in England 257
Controversy as to his 'True Account' 258
CHAPTER LIII
JAMES II. AND SCHOMBERG, 1689-1690
Schomberg's preparations 260
He reaches Ireland 261
Carrickfergus taken 263
Berwick evacuates Newry 264
Flight of Melfort 265
Schomberg refuses battle 266
Military conspiracy 267
Sufferings of Schomberg's army--Shales 268
Sligo taken and retaken 271
State of Dublin 272
Lauzun sent to Ireland 273
French opinion 274
Brass money 276
Fighting at Newry, Belturbet, and Cavan 278
Avaux and Rosen recalled 280
Lauzun reaches Ireland 281
Disarming the Protestants 282
King and Bonnell 283
Treatment of Trinity College 285
CHAPTER LIV
WILLIAM III. IN IRELAND, 1690. THE BOYNE
English and French interests 287
Charlemont taken 288
Opposition to William's expedition 289
He lands in Ireland 290
James moves to meet him 292
William reaches the Boyne 293
Battle of the Boyne, July 1 295
Flight of James 299
Political importance of the battle 301
James escapes to France 304
William enters Dublin 306
Final ruin of the Stuart cause 307
CHAPTER LV
SOCIAL IRELAND FROM RESTORATION TO REVOLUTION
Ireland after the Civil War 309
Country-houses--Portmore, Charleville, Kilkenny 310
Dublin Castle 312
An Irish spa 313
Condition of the poor 314
Ploughing by the tail 316
Some Dublin houses 317
Prosperity under Charles II. 318
CHAPTER LVI
THE THREE IRISH CHURCHES
The Establishment 319
Jeremy Taylor 320
Bishops ignorant of Irish 321
Condition of the clergy 322
The Irish Bible 324
The Presbyterians 325
The Roman Catholics 326
Oliver Plunket 327
Talbot, O'Molony, and other Bishops 328
Recusants after James II. 330
Slow growth of toleration 331
APPENDIX
Letter from Ormonde to Bennet, 1663 333
MAP
Ireland to illustrate the reign of James II. _At end of the volume._
IRELAND UNDER THE STUARTS
CHAPTER XL
THE RESTORATION GOVERNMENT, 1660
The King enjoyed his own again, and England rejoiced exceedingly. Even
Oliver's unbeaten soldiers, disgusted with his incompetent successors,
were for the most part ready to retire into private life. Yet the
spirit of the Puritan revolution survived, and the Mayor of Dover
presented a richly bound Bible to the restored monarch, who graciously
accepted it, remarking that it was the thing that he loved above all
things in the world. At Canterbury a crowd of importunate suitors gave
him some foretaste of future troubles, but the entry into London was
wonderful. 'I stood in the Strand,' says Evelyn, 'and beheld it, and
blessed God.' With the shouts of welcome still in his ears Charles
took refuge in the arms of Barbara Palmer, and next day issued a
proclamation against vicious, debauched, and profane persons.
[Sidenote: The Irish Convention.]
Coote and Broghill were jealous of each other. There is reason to
believe that the former was inclined to claim the whole credit of
restoring the King, but that the latter proved his own priority by
producing a letter from his rival acknowledging the fact. They agreed
that the Restoration might be delayed or frustrated by hasty action
in Ireland, and that it was better to wait until England herself was
committed to it. The officers who had gladly pronounced for a free
Parliament might not have been united had royalty been openly favoured.
But the Irish Convention lost no time in repudiating Cromwell's plan
of one legislature for the whole of the British Islands, while strongly
approving the restoration of the secluded members in England. They
declared that 'as for several hundreds of years last passed by the
laws and laudable custom and constitution of this nation, Parliaments
have been usually held in Ireland and that in those Parliaments laws
have been enacted and laws repealed, and subsidies granted, as public
occasion required so that right of having Parliaments held in Ireland
is still justly and lawfully due and belonging to Ireland, and that the
Parliament of England never charged Ireland in any age with subsidies
or other public taxes and assessments, until after the violence offered
to the Parliament of England in December 1648, since which time they
who invaded the rights of the Parliament of England invaded also the
rights of the Parliament of Ireland by imposing taxes and assessments
upon Ireland.' This important declaration was not made for more than
a month after the first meeting of the Convention, and the leaders
had prevented news from crossing the Channel until they were sure of
unanimity. It is therefore not surprising that they were reported to
favour separation from England. The Convention now stigmatised this
as a calumny originating with Ludlow and his friends, for the idea of
separation was hateful to Ireland as absolutely destructive, 'being
generally bone of their bone, flesh of their flesh.' It was clearly
seen that the colonists would have a majority, and means were taken
to make it permanent. The Convention pledged themselves to favour
education, and to assist in the establishment of a pious, learned,
and orthodox parochial clergy supported by tithes or endowments. The
adventurers and soldiers were to be secured in the lands they had
acquired, and all arrears of military pay to be cleared off.[1]
[Sidenote: Provisional taxation.]
For some months before and after the Restoration all real power was in
the hands of the army, but the Irish Convention gave a show of legality
to the means by which the soldiers were paid. A poll tax was imposed
for this and other public charges, every person of either sex under the
degree of yeoman or farmer being assessed at twelve pence, which was
the minimum, and the rate rose according to social position. A baron's
contribution was fixed at thirty shillings, and that of a marquis,
marchioness, or marchioness dowager at eight pounds, which was the
maximum. The chief Protestant gentry were appointed collectors in each
county, Coote heading the list for Roscommon and Broghill for Cork. The
royalist wire-pullers in London had been urging the managers of the
Convention not to go too fast for fear of alarming the Presbyterians,
and it was not till May 1 that they published a declaration condemning
the high court of justice and the sentence on the late King. The people
of Ireland, they said, took the first opportunity afforded them of
denouncing the most foul murder recorded in sacred or profane history,
considering that it had been committed in a country where the true
reformed religion flourished, and that it was contrary to the solemn
league and covenant which the murderers had themselves taken.[2]
[Sidenote: Charles II. proclaimed May 14.]
Charles II. was proclaimed in Westminster Hall on May 8, and six days
later in Dublin; and there were general rejoicings though the central
figure was wanting. The shops were shut, all the finery they contained
having been transferred to the citizens' backs. Hogsheads of wine were
provided for the multitude, and the more they drank the better the
givers were pleased. The guns of the Castle thundered salutes, volleys
of musketry were heard on all sides, bonfires and fireworks blazed
until midnight. A headless figure stuffed with hay and reclining on a
rude hearse was carried in a mock funeral procession, and subjected to
the blows and insults of the mob. The journey ended at the mayor's door
'where it was in part burnt before the bonfire there, and part trod
to dirt and mortar by the rout.' Such was the end of the mighty Long
Parliament.[3]
[Sidenote: Lords Justices appointed.]
Sir Charles Coote had been President of Connaught since 1645, and
there was no difficulty in his case, since service under the Protector
was not to be considered a disability. Broghill's appointment, if
ever regularly made, was of much later date and of republican origin,
but he had the military authority and the legal presidency was soon
conferred on him also. With these two was associated Major, soon after
Sir William Bury of Grantham, who had been one of the Irish Council
under both Protectors. These three were appointed Commissioners
for the Government of Ireland in January and were members of the
Convention though keeping their official work separate. Broghill was
generally in London for some time after the Restoration, and Bury, who
had Presbyterian leanings and whom Adair calls a religious, prudent
gentleman, did not always agree with Coote. Other Commissioners were
afterwards added and all were paid at the rate of 1,000_l._ a year
until the end of 1660. In compliance with the wishes of the Irish
Convention some of the great offices were filled up very soon after the
Restoration. The great seal of Ireland fell to Sir Maurice Eustace, who
had been Prime Serjeant and Speaker of the House of Commons as early as
1634, and had afterwards endured seven years' imprisonment which only
ended in 1658. He thought himself too old for the work, and Clarendon
was of the same opinion: 'he was now old and made so little show of
any parts extraordinary, that, but for the testimony that was given
of him, it might have been doubted whether he ever had any.' Sir James
Barry, the chairman of the Convention, became Lord Chief Justice. He
had been Strafford's attorney-general, and very useful to him in making
out the royal title to Irish land. Sir William Domvile, who was made
Attorney-General, chiefly on the recommendation of Daniel O'Neill,
showed great ability and presided in the Convention in succession to
Barry, who became Lord Santry. Arthur Annesley was installed in his
father's old place of vice-treasurer, and was soon created Earl of
Anglesey.[4]
[Sidenote: Monck and Robartes.]
Monck, now Duke of Albemarle, claimed the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland
where he had an estate, but does not appear to have had any intention
of living there. Clarendon says his chief object was to make money.
It became necessary to find a deputy, and Charles fixed upon Lord
Robartes, whose business capacity was undoubted and who had a good
reputation for honesty. He was, however, of a morose temper, seldom
agreeing with others, and was much offended at being made Deputy to
Albemarle, and not to the King directly, though he was offered the
usual power of viceroy. The negotiation dragged on for six months,
during which Robartes made enemies of all with whom he had to confer
on Irish business, and at last he accepted the Privy Seal, leaving the
Government of Ireland to the old Commissioners, while Albemarle, who
was too important to displace, remained Lord Lieutenant. In September
Coote was created Earl of Mountrath and Broghill of Orrery, and the
latter showed his astuteness in securing precedence by getting his
patent passed one day before his rival. On the last day of the year the
two new Earls were appointed Lords Justices along with the Chancellor
Eustace. They were specially authorised by the King to assemble the
Irish Convention again in order to provide funds for the payment of
the army. The ancient framework of Irish government was completed by
appointing a Privy Council of thirty-four members among whom was Sir
Philip Mainwaring, made secretary by Strafford in 1634 and still in
legal possession of his office. He died a few months later, having
received little or no reward for old service and for more than twenty
years of poverty varied by imprisonment.[5]
[Sidenote: Negotiations with England.]
Before the Restoration was accomplished the Irish Convention sent
over Sir John Clotworthy and Major William Aston as Commissioners to
communicate with the still sovereign Parliament of England. Clotworthy,
created Viscount Massereene a few months later, was deeply interested
in the Cromwellian land settlement and gained much influence by his
activity. His unconcealed Presbyterian leanings were forgiven because,
in Clarendon's words, 'he was of a generous and a jovial nature' and
a staunch Royalist. After the Restoration these two Commissioners
were appointed to attend the King along with eleven others, including
Coote, Broghill, Barry, Eustace, and Audley Mervyn. They carried
with them 20,000_l._ for Charles and lesser gifts for each of his
brothers. Their instructions were to petition for an Irish Parliament
consisting of Protestant Peers and Commoners and freed for this turn
from the restrictions of Poynings' law, for an act of oblivion for all
Protestants subject to parliamentary exceptions, and for an act for the
attainder of such persons as Parliament should select. It was desired
that adventurers and soldiers should be settled in their lands and the
Irish in Connaught and Clare. Impropriate tithes in the King's hand
were to be restored to the Church, and taxation was to be controlled
by the Irish Parliament. These were the chief points insisted on by
the dominant party, while the Irish Roman Catholic gentry in London
besought Ormonde, who had been the principal means of uniting the three
kingdoms, to mediate for them 'and the remnant of their miserable
nation' who were ready to lay down their lives for the King. Sir
Nicholas Plunket was usually the spokesman of these suppliants. On July
27 Ormonde, who became an Irish duke, took his seat in the House of
Lords as Earl of Brecknock, and on the same day Charles concluded his
speech as follows: 'I hope I need say nothing of Ireland, and that they
alone shall not be without the benefit of my mercy. They have shewed
much affection to me abroad, and you will have a care of my honour and
of what I have promised to them.'[6]
[Sidenote: Position of the Roman Catholics.]
Unfortunately for the chances of the Irish Roman Catholics some of
them would not wait, but took forcible possession of their old lands,
and there were many outrages. The extent of the disorder may have been
exaggerated, but the Convention Parliament believed the worst and the
result was a royal proclamation, dated only two days after the King's
entry into London, in which he declared himself 'very sensible of the
innocent blood of so many thousands of our English Protestant subjects
formerly slain by the hands of those barbarous rebels.' To prevent the
further spread of lawlessness all Irish rebels except those protected
by articles were to be apprehended and prosecuted. Adventurers and
soldiers were not to be disturbed except by Act of Parliament or due
course of law. Many were imprisoned accordingly, and Ireland was
quiet while the question of future legislation was being discussed
in London. The pressure of business there was so great that little
progress was made during the latter months of 1660. Mountrath carried
on the provisional government, but his Presbyterian colleague did not
expedite the settlement of Church and State. After the appointment of
regular Lords Justices things went a little faster. In January five
months' pay was due to the army on which everything depended, beside
an old arrear of fifteen months, and the King found it necessary to
acknowledge the Irish Convention, thanking them for what they had done,
promising a Parliament as soon as possible, and asking for supplies.
A poll-tax, as authorised by proclamation of the Lords Justices and
Council, was accordingly imposed, baronets being assessed at six
pounds with a regular scale down to husbandmen, petty farmers, and
handicraftsmen, who were to pay six shillings each. With a Parliament
and possible impeachment in the near future, care was taken not to tax
either spiritual or temporal peers. The Church, which never ceased to
be legally established, had already been restored to its own.[7]
[Sidenote: The Church re-established.]
Eight Irish Bishops had survived the great storm, and the King with
Ormonde and Clarendon beside him ventured to fill the vacancies without
waiting for an Irish Parliament. Papists, Presbyterians, and Sectaries
were all alike powerless against the Royalist reaction. Bramhall was
named for translation to the primacy very soon after the Restoration,
and early in 1661 every see was provided for. Two Archbishops and ten
Bishops were consecrated in St. Patrick's Cathedral on January 27, and
this unique ceremony was no doubt very impressive.
'All the orders of the kingdom,' wrote the new Primate to Ormonde,
'Justices, Council, Convention, Army, City, graced it with their
presence.' The anthem was supplied by the Dean, William Fuller
afterwards Bishop of Lincoln, who sang in very tolerable verse of the
essential unity of Church and Crown. Jeremy Taylor, who had been over
two years in Ireland, was now Bishop of Down and preached the sermon.
Henry Jones of Clogher, who had been Oliver's scoutmaster-general, was
not allowed, or was perhaps too penitent to lay on hands, but held
a Bible and presented it to the Primate. Taylor had no doubts about
the claims of episcopacy, but in another sermon preached three months
later he practically describes his own not very enviable position among
the Ulster nonconformists: 'says the papist, "I will not obey the
protestant kings, because, against the word of God, they command me to
come to church where heresy is preached"; "and I will not acknowledge
the bishops," saith the presbyterian, "because they are against the
discipline and sceptre of Jesus Christ"; and the independent hates
parochial meetings, and is wholly for a gathered church, and supposes
this to be the practice apostolical; "and I will not bring child to
baptism," saith the anabaptist, "because God calls none but believers
to that sacrament"; "and I will acknowledge no clergy, no lord, no
master," saith the quaker, "because Christ commands us to 'call no
man master on the earth, and be not called of men rabbi.'" And if you
call upon these men to obey the authority God had set over them, they
tell you with one voice, with all their hearts, as far as the word of
God will give them leave; but God is to be obeyed and not man, and
therefore if you put the laws in execution against them, they will obey
you passively, because you are stronger, and so long as they know it
they will not stir against you; but they in the meantime are little
less than martyrs, and you no better than persecutors.'[8]
[Sidenote: Attempts to enforce uniformity.]
Nonconformists were now officially styled fanatics, and Mountrath
suggested that the King should make 100,000_l._ by excluding them from
the benefit of the new settlement. Orrery was less extreme or less
outspoken, but both he and Eustace were willing to give Bramhall a
free hand. Only five days before the great consecration a proclamation
was issued against Papists, Presbyterians, Independents, Anabaptists,
Quakers, and other fanatical persons. Conventicles were prohibited, the
bishops being charged to see that the sheriffs and justices did their
duty, while military officers were ordered to support them. Another
proclamation provided for the commemoration of King Charles the Martyr
on January 30, and a third for the prosecution of Tories as traitors
unless they surrendered before February 18, in which case those who had
not committed murder might be received to mercy on giving security for
good behaviour. It was found possible to reduce the army by 1,650 men
and a proportionate number of officers during the first twelve months
after the Restoration, but to do this 50,000_l._ had to be transmitted
from England. These men no doubt were paid in full, but when that was
done eight months of new and fifteen months of old arrears were due to
those that remained under arms. It was time to summon a parliament.[9]
FOOTNOTES:
[1] _Declaration_ of the General Convention of Ireland, &c., newly
brought over by a gentleman to the Council of State in England,
London, 1660; _Mercurius Politicus_, 612 (Needham's last number).
Broghill reached Dublin on February 23, which occasioned much joy.
Colonel Marcus Trevor to Ormonde, April 17 and 18, 1660, in _Carte
Transcripts_, R.O., vol. xxx. Budgell's _Memoirs of the Boyles_, 85-87,
3rd edition, 1737. Budgell was a disreputable person, but can scarcely
have invented the story about Coote's letter.
[2] _Declaration_ of the General Convention of Ireland (dated March
12, 1659-60) with the late proceedings there, newly brought over
by a gentleman to the Council of State in England, London, 1660;
_Ordinance_ of the General Convention 'for speedy raising of money,'
April 24, 1660, in Marsh's Library, Dublin; Lord Aungier to Ormonde,
May 11, 1660, in Carte's _Original Letters_; _Declaration_ of General
Convention, May 1, 1660, London and Dublin, 1660 (broadside);
_Proclamation_ of General Convention for proclaiming Charles II.
(broadside), London and Dublin.
[3] Letter of Toby Bonnell, May 16, 1660, in _English Hist. Review_ for
January 1904.
[4] As a sample of the way in which Coote and Bury agreed to differ
see their joint letter of October 4, 1660, in Cal. of State Papers,
_Ireland_; Patrick Adair's _True Narrative_, p. 236; Clarendon's
_Life_, Cont., pp. 124, 229; Eustace to Nicholas, October 3, 1660;
_Humble desires_ presented to His Majesty by the Commissioners of the
General Convention, MS. Trin. Coll., June 20 and 21, 1600.
[5] Clarendon's _Life_, Cont., pp. 125-128, 197-199; State Papers,
_Ireland_, December 18 and 19, 1660. The instructions to Robartes
calendared at July 1660 really belong to 1669.
[6] Rawdon to Conway calendared at March 17 and 28, 1660; Instructions
for Broghill, Coote and others, n.d., but very soon after May 14 Irish
nobility and gentry in London to Ormonde, May 6--the two last from
_Carte Transcripts_, R.O., vol. xxx.; King's speech to the Convention
Parliament, July 27, _Old Parliamentary Hist._, xxii. 400.
[7] Proclamation of June 1, 1660 (broadside), reprinted in _Old
Parliamentary Hist._, xxii. 311. Coote and Bury to Colonel Finch,
September 3, and Lord Montgomery to Ormonde, October 31, 1660,
enclosing letter from Jeremy Taylor--_Carte Transcripts_, vol. xxxi.
George Rawdon to Lord Conway, January 23, 1660-1, in State Papers,
_Ireland_. _Ordinance_ of Irish Convention, March 1, 1660-1, in Marsh's
Library, Dublin.
[8] Taylor's sermons of January 27 and May 8, 1661, in his _Works_, ed.
1839, vi. 301, 348. The words of Fuller's anthem are in Mason's _Hist.
of St. Patrick's_, 194, and in the 32nd _Report_ of the Deputy Keeper
of Public Records, 107. The opening lines are:
'Now that the Lord hath readvanced the Crown,
Which thirst of spoil and frantic zeal threw down.'
And the concluding chorus:
'Angels look down, and joy to see
Like that above a Monarchy.
Angels look down, and joy to see
Like that above an Hierarchy.'
[9] Proclamations of January 19, 21, and 22, 1660-1, in State Papers,
_Ireland_, and the Lord Justice's speech, _ib._ calendared at May 11.