TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

● Fixed typos; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.

● Renumbered footnotes.

● Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.

● The caret (^) is used to indicate superscript, whether applied to a

single character (as in 2^d) or to an entire expression (as in

1^{st}).

Household words, No. 19, August 3, 1850 · 第 15 / 15 题