HAROLD, THE KING.
The day before the great Witenagemot was to assemble, Wulf, as he came out
from the house where Harold had taken up his abode, was approached by a
man, who by his attire appeared to be a retainer of a thane; his face
seemed familiar to him, as he placed a letter in his hand. Wulf was now
very much in the confidence of Harold. It was a relief to the earl in the
midst of his trials and heavy responsibilities to open his mind freely to
one of whose faith and loyalty he was well assured, and he therefore was
far more communicative to the young thane than to the older councillors by
whom he was surrounded. Wulf opened the letter. It contained only the
words: "I am here; the bearer of this will lead you to me. Edith."
Looking more closely at the man he recognized him at once as one of the
servitors at Hampton, though his dress bore no signs of any cognizance.
Greatly surprised to hear of Edith's presence in Oxford unknown to Harold,
he at once followed the servant, who conducted him to a house on the
outskirts of the town. Wulf was ushered into a room, and the servant then
left him. A moment later Edith entered.
"My message must have surprised you, Wulf," she said, as he knelt on one
knee to kiss the hand she held out to him.
"It did indeed, lady, for it was but yesterday that the earl received a
letter from you written at Hampton. He said to me as he opened it, 'Would I
were in peace at Hampton, free from all these troubles and intrigues.'"
"I have come down in a horse-litter," she said, "and save the two retainers
who accompanied me none knew of my intentions. I know, Wulf, that you have
the confidence of the earl and that you love him and would do your best for
him."
"I would lay down my life for him, lady. Even did I not love and honour him
as I do, I would die for him, for he is the hope of England, and he alone
can guide the country through its troubles, both from within and without.
The life of a single man is as nought in the scale."
"Nor the happiness of a single woman," she added. "Now, Wulf, I want to
know from you exactly how matters stand here. My lord, when he writes to me
always does so cheerfully, ever making the best of things; but it is most
important that I should know his real mind. It is for that that I have
travelled here. This Witenagemot that assembles to-morrow--what will come
of it?"
"The earl thinks it will doubtless pass the resolution reconciling the
North and South, and declaring that there shall be oblivion for the past,
and that all things shall go back to their former footing save as to the
change of earls."
"It is easy to vote that," she said quietly; "but will it be held to? It
depends not upon Northumbrians nor Saxons, but upon Edwin and Morcar. They
have made a great step forward towards their end; they have united under
their government the northern half of England, and have wrested Northumbria
from Godwin's family. After making this great step, will they rest and
abstain from taking the next? Northumbria and Mercia united are as strong
as Wessex and East Anglia. Will they be content to remain under a West
Saxon king? Above all, will they submit to the rule of one of Godwin's
sons? I feel sure that they will not. What thinks the earl?"
"He thinks as you do, lady, although he considers that for the time the
danger is averted. He himself said to me yesterday, 'If these Mercian earls
are ready to defy the head of the royal line of England, think you that
they will ever recognize the sway of a member of my father's house?'"
"And what said you, Wulf?"
"I said that I did not doubt the ill-will of the Mercian earls, but that I
doubted whether Mercia would follow them if they strove to break up the
kingdom. 'Mercia is following them now,' he said; 'and has with Northumbria
stood in arms for some weeks past. There has ever been jealousy of the
supremacy of the West Saxons since the days when the kingdom was united in
one. These brothers will intrigue as their father did before them. They
will bring down the Welsh from their hills to aid them, for though these
people will not for generations try their strength alone against us, they
would gladly take advantage of it should such an opportunity for revenge
occur. Even now, when the blood is scarce dry on their hearthstones, there
is a large force of them under Edwin's banner.'"
"It is a grievous look-out for England," Edith said. "It would seem that
nothing can bring about peace and unity save the end of this terrible feud
between the families of Godwin and Leofric."
"That would indeed be a blessing for the country," Wulf agreed; "but of all
things that seems to me most hopeless."
"They must be reconciled!" Edith said, rising from her seat. "What is a
woman's love or a woman's life that they should stand in the way of the
peace of England? See you not, Wulf, there is but one way in which the feud
can be healed? Were it not for me Harold could marry the sister of these
earls, and if she were Queen of England the feud would be at an end. A
daughter of the house of Leofric, and a son of the house of Godwin, would
command the support of Mercia and Wessex alike, and as brothers of the
queen, Edwin and Morcar might well be content to be friends with her
husband and his brothers. I only stand in the way of this. I have already
urged this upon Harold, but he will not hear of it. Until now the Mercian
brothers might be a trouble, but they were not strong enough to be a danger
to the kingdom. Now that they hold half of it in their hands this marriage
has become a necessity. I must stand aside. What is my happiness and my
life that I should be an obstacle alike to my lord's glory and the peace of
England? Go to Harold; tell him that I am here, and pray that he will come
to me. Give your message to him briefly; say naught of what I have said to
you, though his heart will tell him at once what has brought me here."
Silent, and confounded by the immensity of the sacrifice she proposed, for
he knew how deep and tender was her love for Harold, Wulf knelt on both
knees and reverently placed her hand to his lips, and then without a word
left the house, half blinded with tears, signing to the servant, who was
waiting without, to follow him. When he reached Harold's house he found
that the earl was with his brother Gurth and several of his councillors. He
did not hesitate, however, but entering the room, said, "My Lord Harold, I
pray to have speech of you for a minute upon an affair of urgent
importance."
Somewhat surprised the earl followed him out.
"What is it, Wulf?" he asked as they entered Harold's private closet. "You
look pale and strange, lad."
"I have a message to give you, my lord. The Lady Edith is here, and prays
that you will go to her at once."
The earl started as if struck with a blow. "Edith here!" he exclaimed, and
then with a troubled face he took several short turns up and down the room.
"Where is she?" he said at last in a low voice.
"Her servant is without, my lord, and will conduct you to her."
"Tell Gurth and the others I am called away for an hour on urgent
business," he said. "Say nothing of Edith being here." Then he went out.
The man who was waiting doffed his hat, and at once led the way to the
house where Edith was staying. She moved swiftly towards him as he entered
the room and fell on his neck. Not a word was spoken for a minute or two,
then he said:
"Why have you come, Edith? But I need not ask, I know. I will not have it,
I will not have it! I have told you so before. Why is our happiness to be
sacrificed? I have given my work and my life to England, but I will not
give my happiness too, nor will I sacrifice yours."
"You would not be worthy of the trust England reposes in you, Harold," she
said quietly, "were you not ready to give all. As to my happiness, it is at
an end, for I should deem myself as a guilty wretch, as the cause of
countless woes to Englishmen, did I remain as I am. I have been happy,
dear, most happy, many long years. To my last day it will be a joy and a
pride, that nothing can take away, that I have been loved by the greatest
of Englishmen, and my sacrifice will seem light to me under the feeling
that it has purchased the happiness of England."
"But is my happiness to go for nothing?" Harold exclaimed passionately.
"You too, Harold, will have the knowledge that you have sacrificed
yourself, that as you have often risked your life, so have you for
England's sake given up your love. I have seen that it must be so for
years. As Earl of Wessex I might always have stood by your side, but as
soon as I saw that the people of England looked to you as their future
monarch, I knew that I could not share your throne. A king's heart is not
his own, as is that of a private man. As he must lead his people in battle,
and if needs be give his life for them, so must he give his hand where it
will most advantage them."
"I cannot do it," Harold said. "I will not sacrifice you even for England.
I will remain Earl of Wessex, and Edwin may reign as king if he so
chooses."
"That cannot be, Harold. If the people of England call you to the throne,
it is your duty to accept the summons. You know that none other could guide
them as you can, for already for years you have been their ruler. They love
you, they trust in you, and it were a shame indeed if the love we bear each
other should stand in the way of what is above all things needful for the
good of England. You know well enough that when the national council meets
to choose a king the South will declare for you. But if Edwin and Morcar
influence Mercia and the North to declare for another, what remains but a
breaking up of the kingdom, with perhaps a great war?"
"I cannot do it, and I will not," Harold said, stopping in his walk and
standing before her. "My life, my work, all save you I will give up for
England--but you I will not."
Edith turned even paler than before. "You will not give me up, Harold, but
you cannot hold me. I can bear my life in seclusion and retirement, and can
even be happy in the thought of our past love, of your greatness, and in
the peace of England, which, I should have the consolation of knowing, was
due to the sacrifice that we had both made, but I could not live happy,
even with your love and your companionship, knowing that I have brought
woes upon England. Nor will I live so. Death will break the knot if you
will not do so, and I could die with a smile on my lips, knowing that I was
dying for your good and England's. If you will not break the bond death
shall do so, and ere to-morrow's sun rises, either by your sacrifice or by
my own hand, you will be free. Marry for the good of England. Here is the
ring by which you pledged your troth to me," and she took it from her
finger and dropped it in the fire that blazed on the hearth. "There is the
end of it, but not the end of our love. I shall think of you, and pray for
you always, Harold. Oh, my dear lord and master, do not make it too hard
for me!" and she threw herself on his neck in a passion of tears. For two
or three minutes they stood locked in each other's close embrace, then she
withdrew herself from his arms.
"Farewell," she said. "You have left my side many a time for battle, and we
parted bravely though we knew we might never meet again. Let us part so
now. We have each our battles to fight, but God will comfort us both, for
our sacrifice will have brought peace to England. Farewell, my dear lord,
farewell!" She touched his hand lightly and then tottered from the room,
falling senseless as soon as she had closed the door behind her.
Harold sank into a chair and covered his face with his hands, while his
breast heaved with short sobs. So he sat for some time; then he stood up.
"She is stronger and braver than I," he murmured; "but she is right. Only
by this sacrifice can England be saved, but even so I could not have made
it; but I know her so well that I feel she would carry out her threat
without hesitation." Then he went out of the house, but instead of
returning to the town took his way to the lonely path by the river, and
there for hours paced up and down. At last his mind was made up, the
sacrifice must be accepted. As she had said, their happiness must not stand
in the way of that of all England. He walked with a firm step back to
Oxford, and went straight to the house where Edwin and Morcar had taken up
their quarters.
"Tell Earl Edwin that Harold would speak with him," he said to the retainer
at the door. The man returned in a minute, and led the way to the room
where Edwin and his brother were standing awaiting him. They had had
several interviews since they arrived at Oxford, and supposed that he had
come to arrange some detail as to the assembly on the following day.
"Edwin," Harold said abruptly, "methinks that for the good of our country
it would be well that our houses should be united. Why should the sons of
Leofric and Godwin regard each other as rivals? We are earls of the English
people, and we cannot deny that the unfriendly feeling between us has
brought trouble on the country. Why should there not be an end of this?"
Greatly surprised at this frank address, Edwin and Morcar both hastened to
say that for their part they had no quarrel whatever with any of the house
of Godwin, save with Tostig.
"Tostig will soon be beyond the sea, and will no longer be a source of
trouble. There is, it seems to me, but one way by which we can unite and
bind our interests into one. I have come to you to ask for the hand of your
sister Ealdgyth in marriage."
The two earls looked at each other in surprise. The proposition was
altogether unexpected, but they at once saw its advantages. They knew as
well as others that the choice of the nation at Edward's death was likely
to fall upon Harold, and it would add both to their dignity and security
that they should be brothers-in-law of the king. Such an alliance would do
away with the danger, that once seated on the throne Harold might become
reconciled with Tostig, and endeavour to replace him in the earldom of
Northumbria. This danger would be dissipated by the marriage.
"You would perhaps like to consult together before giving an answer,"
Harold said courteously.
"By no means," Edwin said warmly. "Such an alliance is, as you say, in all
respects to be desired. Ealdgyth could wish for no nobler husband. We
should rejoice in obtaining such a spouse for her, and the union would
assuredly unite our families, do away with the unfriendly feeling of which
you spoke, and be of vast advantage to the realm in general. We need no
word of consultation, but accept your offer, and will with pleasure give
Ealdgyth in marriage to you. But is there not an obstacle?"
"The obstacle is at an end," Harold said gravely. "Of her own free will and
wish, and in order that there should be peace and union in England, the
Lady Edith has broken the tie that bound us."
The brothers, seeing that the subject was a painful one, wisely said no
more, but turned the conversation to the meeting on the following day, and
assured Harold that they hoped the decision would now be unanimous, and
then after a short time skilfully brought it round again to the subject of
the marriage. By nightfall the news was known throughout the city, and was
received with universal joy. The union seemed to all men a guarantee for
peace in England. The two great rival houses would now be bound by common
interests, and the feud that had several times been near breaking out into
civil war was extinguished.
The moment he returned to his house Harold called Wulf.
"Wulf, go at once to the Lady Edith. Tell her that though it has taken all
the brightness out of my life, and has made all my future dark, I have done
her bidding, and have sacrificed myself for England. Tell her that I will
write to her to-night, and send the letter to Hampton, where, I trust, it
will find her."
Wulf at once carried the message. He found Edith sitting with eyes swollen
with weeping, and yet with a calm and composed expression on her face.
"I knew that my lord would do as I prayed him," she said; "he has ever
thought first of England and then of himself. Tell him that I start in an
hour for Hampton, and shall there stay till I get his letter; there I will
answer it. Tell him I thank him from my heart, and that, much as I loved
and honoured him before, I shall to the end of my life love and honour him
yet more for having thus sacrificed himself for England. Tell him that you
found me calm and confident that he would grant my prayer, and that with
all my heart I wish him happiness."
Her lips quivered and her voice broke, and Wulf hurried away without saying
another word, for he felt that he himself was at the point of bursting into
tears. Harold was anxiously awaiting his return, and after listening to the
message turned abruptly and entered his private closet, with a wave of the
hand signifying that Wulf would not be further required.
The next day the Witenagemot met. It was solemnly decreed that all old
scores should be wiped out; that Northern and Southern England were again
to be reconciled, as they had been forty-seven years before in an assembly
held by Canute in Oxford. It was decreed unanimously that the laws of
Canute should be renewed, and should have force in all parts of the
kingdom.
Until this decision was arrived at by the assembly Tostig had remained with
the king, but he now went into exile, and crossed the sea to Flanders,
where he had at an earlier period of his life, when Godwin's whole family
were in disgrace, taken refuge. He was accompanied by his wife and many
personal adherents. He left filled with rage and bitterness, especially
against Harold, who ought, he considered, to have supported him to the
utmost, and who should have been ready to put the whole forces of Wessex in
the field to replace him in the earldom.
By the time that Harold returned to London Edith had left his abode at
Hampton. He would have gladly handed it over to her and maintained it as
before, but she would not hear of this, though she had accepted from him an
income which would enable her to live comfortably in seclusion.
"I only do this," she said in her letter to him, "because I know that it
would grieve you if I refused; but I entreat you, Harold, make no inquiries
whither I have gone. I do not say that we can never meet again, but years
must pass over before we do so. You must not think of me as always
grieving. I have done what I am sure is right, and this will give me
comfort, and enable me to bear your absence; but you know that, even if I
never see you again, you will dwell in my heart as long as I live, its sole
lord and master. I have so many happy memories to look back upon that I
should be sorely to blame did I repine, and although I may not share the
throne that will ere long be yours, nor the love which Englishmen will give
their king, I shall be none the less proud of you, and shall be sure that
there will be always in your heart a kind thought of me. Forbear, I pray
you earnestly, to cause any search to be made for me. Doubtless you might
discover me if you chose, but it would only renew my pain. In time we may
be able to meet calmly and affectionately, as two old friends, but till
then it were best that we stood altogether apart."
Harold put down the letter with a sigh. But he had little time to lament
over private troubles. The king was ill; he had not rallied from the state
of prostration that succeeded his outburst of passion when he found himself
powerless to put down the Northern insurrection by force, and to restore
his favourite Tostig to his earldom. Day succeeded day, but he did not
rally. In vain the monks most famous for their skill in medicine came from
Canterbury and Glastonbury; in vain prayers were offered up in all the
cathedrals, and especially in his own Abbey of Westminster, and soon the
report spread among the people that Edward, the king, was sick unto death,
and all felt that it was a misfortune for England.
Edward was in no sense of the word a great king. He was a monk rather than
a monarch. The greatest object of his life had been to rear an abbey that
in point of magnificence should rival the stateliest fane in England. To
that his chief care was devoted, and for many years he was well content to
leave the care of government to Harold. But after the monarchs who had
immediately preceded him, his merits, if of a passive kind, were warmly
appreciated by his subjects. His rule had been free from oppression, and he
had always desired that justice should be done to all. In the earlier part
of his reign he was Norman in tongue, in heart, and in education; but in
the latter years of his life he had become far more English in his
leanings, and there can be no doubt that he bitterly regretted the promise
he had rashly given to William of Normandy that he should succeed him.
It was not only because the people respected and even loved the king that
they were grieved to hear that his days were numbered, but because they saw
that his death would bring trouble on the land. With him the line of the
Oethelings would become extinct, save for the boy Edgar and his sisters.
The boy had been born beyond the sea, and was as much a foreigner as Edward
himself had been, and Edward's partiality for the Normans in the early
years of his reign had so angered the English that Edgar's claims would on
this account alone have been dismissed. Moreover, boys' hands were unfit to
hold the sceptre of England in such troubled times. It was to Harold that
all eyes turned. He had for years exercised at least joint authority with
Edward; he was the foremost and most noble of Englishmen. He was skilled in
war, and wise in counsel, and the charm of his manner, the strength and
stateliness of his figure, and the singular beauty of his face rendered him
the popular idol. And yet men felt that it was a new departure in English
life and customs for one who had in his veins no drop of royal blood to be
chosen as king. His sister was Edward's wife, he was Edward's friend and
counsellor, but although the men of the South felt that he was in all ways
fitted to be king, they saw too that Northumbria would assuredly stand
aloof, and that the Mercian earls, brothers-in-law as they were to be to
Harold, would yet feel jealous that one of their own rank was to be their
sovereign.
The Witan, as the representative of the nation, had alone the right of
choosing the sovereign; but though they had often passed over those who by
birth stood nearest to the throne, they had never yet chosen one altogether
outside the royal family. It was a necessary step--for young Edgar was not
to be thought of--and yet men felt uneasy, now that the time had come, at
so complete a departure from custom.
Rapidly the king grew worse, and prayers were uttered up for him in every
church in England. The Christmas Witan met at Westminster, but little was
done. The great minster was consecrated on December 18th, and the absence
of its founder and builder was keenly missed at the ceremony.
The members of the Witan remained in attendance near the palace, hoping for
some guidance from the dying king. He had no power to leave the throne to
whom he wished, and yet his words could not but have great weight; but he
lay almost unconscious, and for two days remained speechless. But on the
5th of January, the year being 1066, he suddenly awoke from sleep, in the
full possession of his senses. Harold was standing on one side of his bed,
Archbishop Stigand at the other. His wife sat at the foot of the bed,
chaffing her husband's feet; Robert Wymarc, his personal attendant, stood
by his head. The king on awakening prayed aloud, that if a vision he had
had was truly from heaven he might have strength to declare it; if it were
but the offspring of a disordered brain he prayed that he might not be able
to tell it.
Then he sat up in bed, supported by Robert; some of his chosen friends were
called in, and to them, with a strangely clear voice and with much energy,
he told the vision. It was that some monks he had known in his youth had
appeared to him, and told him that God had sent them to tell him that on
account of the sins of the earls, the bishops, and the men in holy orders
of every rank, God had put a curse upon England, and that within a year and
a day of his death fiends should stalk through the whole land, and should
harry it from one end to another with fire and sword.
The king's words filled his hearers with awe, Stigand alone deeming the
story but the dream of a dying man. Then Edward gave orders as to his
burial. He bade his friends not to grieve for him, but to rejoice in his
approaching deliverance, and he asked for the prayers of all his people for
his soul. At last those standing round called his mind to the great
subject which was for the moment first in the heart of every Englishman.
Who, when he was gone, they asked, would he wish to wear the royal crown of
England? The king stretched out his hand to Harold and said, "To thee,
Harold, my brother, I commit my kingdom." Then, after commending his wife
and his Norman favourites to Harold's care and protection, he turned his
thoughts from all earthly matters, received the last rites of the church,
and soon afterwards passed away tranquilly.
Rapidly the news spread through London that the king was dead. The members
of the Witan were still there, for the assembly had not separated, but
knowing that the king was dying had waited for the event. The earls and
great thanes of the South and West, of East Anglia and Wessex, were all
there together, probably with many from Mercia. There was no time lost. In
the afternoon they assembled. All knew on whom the choice would fall, for
Harold had been for long regarded as the only possible successor to the
throne, and the news that the dying king had, as far as he could, chosen
him as his successor, doubtless went for much in the minds of many who had
hitherto felt that it was a strange and unknown thing to accept as monarch
of England one who was not a member of the royal house. There was no
hesitation, no debate. By acclamation Harold was chosen king of the land,
and two great nobles were selected to inform him that the choice of the
Witan had fallen upon him.
They bore with them the two symbols of royalty, the crown and the axe, and
bade him accept them as being chosen both by the voice of the Witan and by
the king, whom he had so well and faithfully served. There was no
hesitation on the part of Harold. He had already counted the cost and taken
his resolution. He knew that he alone could hope to receive the general
support of the great earls. Leofric and Gurth were his brothers, the Earls
of Mercia and Northumbria had been mollified by the alliance arranged with
their sister. The last male of the royal line was a lad of feeble
character, and would be unable either to preserve peace at home or to unite
the nation against a foreign invader. The oath he had sworn to William,
although obtained partly by force partly by fraud, weighed upon him, but he
was powerless to keep it. Did he decline the crown it would fall upon some
other Englishman, and not upon the Norman. The vote of England had chosen
him, and it was clearly his duty to accept. The die had been cast when
Edith had bade him sacrifice her and himself for the good of England, and
it was too late to turn back now. Gravely he accepted the dignity offered
him.
Throughout London first, and then throughout the country, the news that the
Witan had unanimously chosen him, and that he had accepted, was received
with deep satisfaction. There was no time to be lost. The next day was
Epiphany, the termination of the Christian festival, the last upon which
the Witan could legally sit, and had the ceremony not taken place then it
must have been delayed until another great feast of the church--another
calling together of the Witan. All night the preparations for the two great
ceremonials were carried on. At daybreak the body of the dead king was
borne to the noble minster, that had been the chief object of his life to
raise and beautify, and there before the great altar it was laid to rest
with all the solemn pomp of the church. A few hours passed away and the
symbols of mourning were removed. Then the great prelates of the church,
the earls and the thanes of England, gathered for the coronation of the
successor of the king whom they had just laid in his last resting-place.
Eldred the primate of Northumberland performed the rites of
consecration--for Stigand, primate of England, had been irregularly
appointed, and was therefore deemed unfit for the high function. Before
investing him with the royal robes Eldred, according to custom, demanded in
a loud voice of the English people whether they were willing that Harold
should be crowned their king, and a mighty shout of assent rang through the
abbey. Then the earl swore first to preserve peace to the church and all
Christian people; secondly, to prevent wrong and robbery to men of every
rank; thirdly, to enforce justice and mercy in all his judgments as he
would that God should have mercy on him. Then after a solemn prayer the
prelate poured the oil of consecration upon Harold's head; he was vested in
royal robes, and with symbols appertaining to the priesthood. A sword was
girded to his side, that he might defend his realm, and smite his enemies
and those of the church of God. Then the crown was placed on his head, the
sceptre surmounted with the cross and the rod with the holy dove placed in
his hands, and Harold stood before the people as the king chosen by
themselves, named by his predecessor, and consecrated by the church. A
great banquet followed the coronation, and then this day memorable in the
history of England came to its close.
Wulf had been present at the two great events at the abbey and at the
banquet, and knew, better than most of those present, that the gravity on
Harold's face was not caused solely by the mighty responsibility that he
had assumed, but by sad thoughts in his heart. Wulf on his return from the
abbey had handed to Harold a small roll of parchment that had been slipped
into his hand by a man, who at once disappeared in the crowd after handing
it to him, with the words, "For the king". In the interval before the
banquet he handed this to Harold, who had opened and glanced at it, and had
then abruptly turned away. It contained but the words: "_That God may
bless my dear lord and king is the prayer of Edith._"
"Do you know where she is?" Harold asked abruptly, turning upon Wulf.
"No, my lord."
"I have respected her wishes and made no inquiry," the king said. "Others
think, doubtless, that I am rejoicing at having gained the object of my
ambition, but as God knows, I would far rather have remained Earl of the
West Saxons with her by my side than rule over England."
"I know it, my lord," Wulf said. "But who beside yourself could rule here?"
"No one," Harold answered; "and it is for England's sake and not my own
that I have this day accepted the crown. If you can find out where she has
betaken herself without making public inquiry I charge you to do so, and to
tell her that on this day I have thought mostly of her. Tell me not where
she is. What is done cannot be undone, but I would fain that, in the time
that is to come, I may at least know where to send her a message should it
be needful."