TROUBLE WITH WALES.
Harold took his place on the poop as the vessel started, and remained
looking fixedly at the duke, until the latter with the group of barons
turned and entered the town.
"Farewell, William of Normandy," he said; "false friend and dishonoured
host. How shall we meet next time, I wonder, and where?"
Hitherto the presence of the Norman attendants had prevented any private
converse between Harold and his followers, but having the poop to
themselves they now broke out into angry exclamations against the duke.
"It was an unworthy and unknightly trick," Harold said calmly; "but let us
not talk of it now; it will be for the English people to decide the
question some day, and for English bishops to determine whether I am bound
by a vow thus extorted. Better at all events that I should be held for all
time to have been false and perjured, than that the English people should
fall under the Norman yoke. But maybe there will be no occasion for the
oath ever to come in question, William of Normandy or I may die before the
king, and then there will be an end of it. Let us talk of other things.
Thank God we are free men again, and our faces are set towards England,
where, from what I hear, we may have to meet open foes instead of false
friends, and may have to teach the Welsh, once and for all, that they and
their king cannot with impunity continually rise in rebellion against
England.
"Well, Wulf, you are the only one among us who has brought back aught from
Normandy, at least you and Beorn, for you have your horses and chains, and
the promise of the duke to grant you a boon. But these are small things.
You have gained great credit, and have shown yourself a gallant fighter,
and have further promises from the duke."
"I care not for his promises," Wulf said hotly. "I hold him to be a
dishonoured noble, and I would take naught from his hands."
"You are young yet, Wulf," Harold smiled, "and the duke's promise, made
before his nobles, will be held binding by him if ever the time should come
for you to claim it. Do not refuse benefits, lad, because you do not like
the hands that grant them. You rendered him a service, and need feel no
shame at receiving the reward for it. As soon as we return I shall take
steps to raise you and Beorn to the full dignity of thanes, with all rights
and privileges. My brother and my friends here can all testify to the
service you rendered to us, for much as I may have to complain of the
ending of my visit, it has at least been vastly better than our lot would
have been had we remained in the hands of Conrad of Ponthieu. You are both
very young to be placed in the position of rulers of your people, and in
ordinary cases you would not have been sworn to thane's services for some
years to come; but, as Earl of Wessex, I see good reason for departing from
the rule on this occasion, and I think that my thanes here will all be of
that opinion." There was a warm expression of approval from the Saxons.
"Then as soon as we set foot on English soil we will hold a court, and
invest you with your full rank."
They started from the mouth of the Seine, and as there was no nearer port
than that from which they had sailed, Harold directed the masters of the
ships to make for Bosham.
"It is like to be a fairer voyage than the last," he said, as with a light
breeze blowing behind them they sailed out from the mouth of the Seine. "It
will be longer, but assuredly more pleasant."
No incident whatever marked the voyage. The Saxons gave a shout of joy when
they first made out the outline of the hills of the Isle of Wight, some
twelve hours after leaving the mouth of the river; but it was not until
eight hours afterwards that they entered the harbour of Bosham. As soon as
the two Norman vessels were seen sailing up the quiet sheet of water,
everywhere fringed with forest, boats put out to meet them, to ascertain
the reason of their coming and to inquire for news of Harold and his
companions. As soon as his figure was made out standing on the poop, one of
the boats rowed off with the news, and by the time the vessels dropped
anchor off Bosham the whole of the inhabitants had gathered on the shore,
with loud shouts of joy and welcome.
As soon as they landed Harold and his companions proceeded at once to the
church, where a solemn service of thanksgiving was held for their
preservation from the dangers of the sea and for their safe return to
England. As soon as the service was over Harold sent off two horsemen to
bear to the king the news of his return, and to state that he himself would
ride to London on the following day. Then the earl bestowed handsome
presents upon the masters and crews of the ships that had brought them
over, and gave into their charge hawks and hounds, rich armour, and other
presents for the Duke of Normandy, and jewelled cups and other gifts to the
principal barons of his court.
The gifts were indeed of royal magnificence; but Harold's wealth was vast,
and, as he said to his brother, "We will at least show these Normans, that
in point of generosity an English earl is not to be outdone by a Norman
duke." As soon as these matters were attended to Harold held a court in the
great hall of Bosham, and there received the oaths of fealty from Wulf and
Beorn, and confirmed to them the possessions held by their fathers, and
invested them with the gold chains worn by thanes as the sign of their
rank. He afterwards bestowed a purse of gold upon Osgod, equal in value to
the one he had received from the Duke of Normandy.
"Should aught ever happen to your master," he said, "come you to me and you
shall be one of my own men, and shall not lack advancement in my service."
"In faith, Master Wulf," Osgod said after the ceremony, "my father warned
me that the trade of a soldier was but a poor one, and that a good
handicraftsman could gain far more money. He will open his eyes when I
jingle these purses before him, for I might have hammered armour for years
before I gained as much as I have done in the three months since I left
England. I have enough to buy a farm and settle down did it so please me,
and I have clothes enough to last me well-nigh a lifetime, and rings enough
to set up a goldsmith's shop. For scarce one of the duke's barons and
knights but followed his example, and gave me a present for my share in
that little fight with the Bretons."
"As for the clothes, they will always be useful, Osgod; but were I you I
would get a stout leathern bag and put the purses and rings into it, and
bury them in some place known only to yourself, and where none are ever
likely to light upon them. You have no occasion for money now, and we may
hope that ere long all occasion for fighting will be over, and then, as you
say, you can buy a farm and marry."
"I am going always to remain your man," Osgod said in an aggrieved tone.
"Certainly, Osgod, I should wish for nothing else. You will always be my
friend, and shall have any post on the estates or in the house that you may
prefer. There will be no occasion for you to farm your land yourself, you
can let it, receiving the value of half the produce, and so taking rank as
a landowner, for which you yourself may care nothing, but which will enable
your wife to hold her head higher."
"I am not thinking of wives, my lord."
"Nonsense, Osgod, I want not to be called my lord."
"But you are a thane now and must be called so," Osgod said sternly; "and
it would be ill-becoming indeed if I your man did not so address you. But I
will take your advice about the gold, and when I get down to Steyning will
bury it deeply under the roots of a tree. It will be safer there than if I
buried it in my father's forge, for London is ever the centre of troubles,
and might be sacked and burnt down should there ever be war between Mercia
or Northumbria and Wessex."
"Heaven forbid that we should have more civil wars, Osgod."
"Amen to that, but there is never any saying. Assuredly Edwin and Morcar
love not our earl, and as to Tostig, though he is his brother, he is
hot-headed and passionate enough to play any part. And then there are the
Normans, and there is no doubt the duke will have to be reckoned with.
Altogether methinks my money will be safer under an oak-tree down at
Steyning than at Westminster."
"You are right enough there, Osgod; by all means carry out your ideas. But
there is the bell for supper, and I must go."
The next morning the party started at daybreak, and late that night arrived
at Westminster. There were great rejoicings in London and throughout the
south of England when it was known that the great earl had returned from
Normandy. Much uneasiness had been felt at his long absence, and although
accounts had come from time to time of the honour with which he had been
treated by Duke William, many felt that his prolonged stay was an enforced
one, and that he was a prisoner rather than a guest of the duke.
The king himself was as rejoiced as his subjects at Harold's return.
Although in the early years of his reign he had been bitterly opposed to
the powerful family of Earl Godwin, to whom he owed his throne, he had of
late years learnt to appreciate the wisdom of Harold; and although still
Norman in his tastes as in his language, he had become much more English at
heart, and bitterly regretted the promise that he had years before rashly
given to the Duke of Normandy.
Harold too had relieved him of all the cares of government, which he hated,
and had enabled him to give his whole time and thought to religious
exercises, and to the rearing of the splendid abbey which was his chief
pleasure and pride. In his absence Edward had been obliged to attend to
state business. He was worried with the jealousies and demands of the Earl
of Mercia, with the constant complaints of the Northumbrians against their
harsh and imperious master Tostig, and by the fact that the Welsh were
taking advantage of the absence of Harold to cause fresh troubles. It was
just Christmas when Harold returned, and the snow fell heavily on the night
of his arrival at Westminster.
"It was lucky it did not come a few hours earlier, Beorn," Wulf said, as he
looked out of the casement. "We had a long and heavy ride yesterday, and we
could not have done it in one day had the snow been on the ground. I
suppose there will be a number of court festivities over Harold's return.
We have had enough of that sort of thing in Normandy, and I hope that
Harold will let us return at once to our estates."
"Speak for yourself, Wulf; for myself I love the court, and now that I am a
thane I shall enjoy it all the more."
"And I all the less," Wulf said. "Fifteen months ago we were but pages and
could at least have some fun, now we shall have to bear ourselves as men,
and the ladies of the court will be laughing at us and calling us the
little thanes, and there will be no getting away and going round to the
smithy to watch Osgod's father and men forging weapons. It will be all very
stupid."
In a short time an attendant summoned them to breakfast, and here they sat
down with the other thanes, Harold's wing of the palace being distinct from
that of the king. The earl sat at the head of the table, and talked in
undertones to his brother Gurth and two or three of his principal thanes.
The personal retainers of the nobles stood behind their seats and served
them with food, while Harold's pages waited on him and those sitting next
to him.
"We were a merrier party in the pages' room," Beorn whispered to Wulf, for
but few words were spoken as the meal went on.
"I think there is something in the air," Wulf said, "the earl looks more
serious than usual. Generally the meals are cheerful enough."
As soon as it was finished Harold said, "The king will receive you all in
half an hour, he desires to express to you his pleasure at your return
home. After that I beg that you will again gather here, as I have occasion
to speak to you."
The court was a more formal one than usual, the king's Norman functionaries
were all present as were several ecclesiastics. Among them the Bishop of
London, behind whom stood Wulf's old adversary, Walter Fitz-Urse. Earl
Harold introduced his companions in captivity, the king receiving them very
graciously.
"I am glad to see that you have all returned safely," he said. "The earl
tells me that you have all borne yourselves well in the battles you have
fought under the banner of my friend and ally Duke William of Normandy, and
that you have proved to his countrymen that the English are in no whit
inferior to themselves in courage. The earl specially recommended to me his
newly-made thanes, Wulf of Steyning and Beorn of Fareham, who did him the
greatest service by effecting their escape from the castle of Beaurain, and
at great risk bearing the news of his imprisonment to Duke William. Wulf
of Steyning, he tells me, gained the highest approval of the duke and his
knights by a deed of bravery when their camp was surprised by the Bretons.
The earl has informed me that in consideration of these services he has
advanced them to the rank of thanes, and confirmed them in their father's
possessions, and as service rendered to him is service rendered to me, I
thus bestow upon them a token of my approval;" and beckoning to the young
thanes to advance, he took two heavy gold bracelets from his arm, and
himself fastened them on those of the kneeling lads.
When the ceremony was over, Harold's party returned to the room where they
had breakfasted. It was an hour before the earl joined them.
"I have been in council with the king," he said, "and have thus been forced
to keep you waiting. We heard when abroad that the Welsh were again
becoming troublesome, but I find that matters are much worse than I had
supposed. Griffith has broken out into open rebellion; he has ravaged all
the borders, has entered the diocese of Wulfstan, the new Bishop of
Worcester, and carried his arms beyond the Severn, laying waste part of my
own earldom of Hereford. Edwin, who has just succeeded his father in the
earldom of Worcester, is young and new to his government, and, moreover,
his father was an ally of Griffith's. In any case, he needs far larger
forces than those at his command to undertake a war with the Welsh. This
time we must finish with them; treaties are of no avail they are ever
broken on the first opportunity, and a blow must be dealt that will render
them powerless for harm for generations to come.
"Therefore the king has commissioned me forthwith to act in the matter, not
only as Lord of Hereford but as Earl of the West Saxons. Winter is upon us,
and it will be impossible to undertake a regular campaign. Still a blow
must be struck, and that quickly and heavily in order to stop the
depredation and ruin they are spreading in the west counties. The
preparations must be secret and the blow sudden. There is no time for
calling out levies, that must be done in the spring. I must act only with
mounted men. I have already sent off a messenger to Bosham to bid my
housecarls mount and ride to Salisbury. They will number two hundred. I
pray you all to leave at once for your estates, or to send an order by a
swift messenger for your housecarls to ride to Salisbury, whither I myself
shall proceed in three days. Will each of you give me the tale of the
number of armed men who can take horse at an hour's notice."
Each of those present gave the number of housecarls in his service, and
they all expressed their willingness to ride themselves, in order to get
them ready the more speedily. The total mounted to three hundred and fifty
men.
"That with my own two hundred will be well-nigh sufficient," Harold said;
"but I will send off messengers at once to some of the thanes of Dorset and
Somerset to join us at Gloucester with their men, so that we shall be fully
a thousand strong, which will be ample for my purpose. I need not impress
upon you all to preserve an absolute silence as to the object for which you
are calling out your men. News spreads fast, and an incautious word might
ruin our enterprise. There is no occasion for you all to accompany your
men. Those of you who have been with me in Normandy will doubtless desire
to stay for a while with your wives and families, and you may do equally
good service by making preparations there for a more serious campaign in
the spring. I beg these to send with their housecarls a trusted officer,
and bid him place himself and his men under my orders."
The meeting at once broke up.
"I suppose you young warriors will bring your own men to Salisbury?" Harold
said, as Wulf and Beorn came up to take their leave of him.
"Certainly, my lord," Beorn said. "We have neither family nor relations to
keep us at home, and even if we had it would not suffice to keep us from
following your banner."
"It will be a warfare like that in which you have been engaged across the
sea," Harold said. "The Bretons you there fought with are kinsfolk of the
Welsh, speaking the same language, and being alike in customs and in
fighting. They trust to surprises, and to their speed of foot and
knowledge of their wild country, rather than to hard fighting in the open
plain. They have few towns to capture, and it is therefore hard to execute
reprisals upon them. Like the Bretons they are brave, and fight savagely
until the last, neither giving nor asking for quarter. They believe that
their country, which is so wild and hilly as to be a great natural
fortress, is unconquerable, and certainly neither Saxon nor Dane has ever
succeeded in getting any foothold there. But when the spring comes I hope
to teach them that even their wild hills are no defence, and that their
habits of savage plundering must be abandoned or we will exterminate them
altogether. But I have no thought of undertaking such a campaign now. Of
course you will take that tall follower of yours with you, Wulf."
"I fear that he would not stay behind even if I ordered him to do so," Wulf
laughed. "He will be overjoyed when I tell him there is a prospect of
fighting again, and all the more if it is against kinsmen of the Bretons,
against whom he feels a special grudge."
"The feeling would be more natural the other way," Harold said smiling,
"seeing that he inflicted upon them far greater damage than he received.
You will find fresh horses awaiting you. None of those that carried us from
Bosham yesterday are fit for another such journey to-day."
Wulf had told Osgod the first thing in the morning that he could return to
his family for a few days, only coming to the palace to serve his meals,
and he now hurried away to the armourer's shop, where he found that but
little work was going on, the men being absorbed in listening to Osgod's
account of his adventures. Ulred and the men rose and saluted respectfully
as Wulf entered.
"I am sorry to disturb you, Ulred," he said, "but I have come to fetch
Osgod away again. That is if he would prefer riding with me to remaining
quiet with you at home."
"If you are going, master, assuredly I am going with you," Osgod said. "I
am dry with talking already, and father must wait for the rest of my story
until I come back again. Are we going down to Steyning, my lord?"
"There first and afterwards elsewhere, but that is all I can tell you now.
The horses are ready, and there is not a moment to lose. We must get as far
on our way as possible before nightfall, for the matter is an urgent one."
"I am ready," Osgod said, girding on his sword and putting his cap on his
head. "Good-bye, father. Tell mother I shall be back when I am back, and
that is all I can say about it."
They reached Steyning at two o'clock on the following afternoon, and
messengers were instantly sent round to the farms, bidding the men who were
bound as housecarls to appear on horseback and armed, with two days' food
in their wallets, an hour before daybreak next morning. Then a messenger
was despatched with a letter to the prior of Bramber, telling him of Wulf's
safe return, and begging him to excuse his coming over to see him, as he
had ridden nigh a hundred and fifty miles in three days, and was forced to
set out again at daybreak the next morning. As Wulf had hoped, the letter
was answered by the prior in person, and to him Wulf related that evening
the incidents of their stay in Normandy.
The prior shook his head.
"I have feared ever since I heard that Harold had fallen into the clutches
of the duke, that he would never get off scot free, but would either have
to pay a heavy ransom or make some concessions that would be even worse for
England. It is a bad business, Wulf, a bad business. The church has ever
been ready to grant absolution from oaths extracted by violence, but this
affair of the relics makes it more serious, and you may be sure that
William will make the most of the advantage he has gained. Harold is
absolutely powerless to fulfil his oath. Neither he nor the king, nor any
other man, can force a foreign monarch upon free England. And did Harold
declare for the Duke of Normandy, powerful and beloved as he is, he would
be driven into exile instantly. If he himself is elected king by the
people, as there is no doubt whatever will be the case, he must needs obey
their voice, and will have no choice between being King of England or an
exile. Still it is unfortunate. He will be branded as a perjurer. William's
influence may even induce the pope to excommunicate him, and although the
ban would go for but little here, it would serve as an excuse for the other
great earls to refuse to submit to his authority. Now tell me, how is it
that you have to ride again so suddenly when but just arrived?"
"I can tell you, father, though I can tell no one else. Harold has ordered
us to bring out our housecarls, and with them he means to deal a blow
against the Welsh, who have been devastating our western counties. The
expedition is to be secret and sudden, although against what point and in
what manner the blow is to be struck Harold has kept his own counsel."
"The Welsh are ever a thorn in our side," the prior said, "and treaties
with them are useless. I trust that Harold will succeed in thoroughly
reducing them to obedience, for whenever there is trouble in the kingdom
they take advantage of it, and are ready to form alliances with any
ambitious earl who hoists the standard of revolt. And so you say Harold has
already made you full thane? I am well pleased to hear it, if for no other
reason than that it is good for people when they are ruled over by their
own lord and not by a stranger; though I say nothing against Egbert,
Harold's steward. Still no man can rule like the master himself."
At the first dawn of day Wulf mounted, and rode away from the palace
followed by Osgod. He was clad now in the ringed armour, a suit of which he
had had made of lighter material than usual. Only on the shoulders and over
the chest was the leather of the usual thickness, elsewhere it was thin and
extremely soft, and the rings did not overlap each other as much as usual.
The weight, therefore, was much less than that ordinarily worn by thanes,
although it differed but little from it in appearance. The helmet, also,
was of stout leather, thickly covered with metal rings, and the flap fell
down over the neck and ears, having a bar coming down in front to protect
the nose.
Osgod's suit was thicker and heavier, and was similar to that of the forty
men who were drawn up in two lines under the soldier whom Harold had sent
down to train them. They were a stout set of young fellows, well mounted
and armed, and as they broke into a cry of "Welcome to our thane," Wulf
felt proud to command such a body.
"Thanks, my friends," he said heartily. "I am glad to see that not one is
missing from your number, and feel sure that you will do credit to my
banner."
They rode that day to Fareham, where they received a hearty welcome from
Beorn, and starting in the morning with his troop of thirty men, reached
Salisbury late that evening. They were met at the entrance to the town by
one of Harold's officers, who conducted them to a large barn, where straw
had been thickly strewn for the men to sleep on. The horses were fastened
outside.
"Earl Harold arrived an hour since," the officer said, "and bade me tell
you that he is lodged at the reeve's, where he expects you."
They found on arriving at the house that many of the thanes had already
come in, and that some six hundred horsemen were bestowed in the town. On a
great sideboard were pies, cold joints of meat, wine and ale, and each
thane as he arrived helped himself to such food as he desired, and then
joined the party gathered round Harold.
"We shall pick up another hundred or two as we march along to-morrow,"
Harold was saying when the two young thanes joined the group, "and shall
have a good nine hundred men by the time we reach Gloucester, where I
expect to find four or five hundred more awaiting us. I hear that our
coming has made a great stir here in Salisbury, the citizens do not know
what to make of so large a body of housecarls arriving in their midst. The
reeve tells me that they were in some fear of being eaten out of house and
home until they heard that we were to march on in the morning; after that
they did their best for us, and have arranged that every man shall have his
fill of meat and ale to-night, and again before starting."
Travelling as fast and as far as the horses could carry them, the force
reached Gloucester. Here they received an even warmer welcome than had
greeted them elsewhere, for the citizens had been greatly alarmed at the
Welsh forays, and as soon as they knew that the great earl himself was with
the troops they had no doubt that he had come to give them protection and
to punish their enemies. The contingents from Somerset and Dorset had
already arrived, and without the delay of a single day the troops again
started.
The housecarls, although mounted, were not trained to fight on horseback.
Their steeds were valuable only as enabling them to move with greater
celerity across the country than they could do on foot, and to bring them
fresh and in fighting condition to the scene of action. Once there they
dismounted, and a portion being told off to look after the horses, the main
body advanced on foot against the enemy.
There was yet a long ride before them. Following the Severn on its western
side so as to avoid the passage of the Avon, they rode to Worcester, and
then up through Dudley and Shrewsbury.
It would have been shorter to have passed through Hereford and Ludlow, but
Harold feared that they might there come upon some marauding party of the
Welsh, and any of these who escaped might carry the news across the border,
when the fleet-footed mountaineers would quickly have conveyed it to the
Welsh king at his castle at Rhuddlaw. Rhuddlaw, now a small village, is
situated in Denbighshire, and was an important military position, situated
as it was at no great distance from the sea, and commanding the Vale of
Clwyd, the most important avenue into Wales from the north. From Shrewsbury
they pushed forward as rapidly as possible to Rhuddlaw; but quickly as they
had journeyed, the news of their coming was borne more rapidly. Griffith
received the news an hour before their arrival, and mounting, rode down to
the Avon and embarked on board ship.
Great was the disappointment of the earl and his followers when they found
that the object of their long march across England had failed, and that the
capture of the Welsh king, which would have put an end to the trouble, had
been missed so narrowly. The castle was at once set on fire, the Welsh
ships on the Avon were also given to the flames, and the very same day
Harold led his troops away and by easy marches took them back to
Gloucester. Here they halted. The housecarls from the south, who had never
been in contact with the Welsh, were inclined to murmur among themselves at
having been led back without striking a blow, but the contingents from the
western counties, who had had experience of this wild warfare, told them
that they might consider themselves fortunate.
"You know not what a war with these savages is," an old housecarl who had
fought them again and again said to a listening group of Wulf's men. "You
might as well fight with the evil spirits of the air as with them. Fight!
there is no fighting in it, save when they have with them Danes from the
North, or Norwegians. With these to bear the brunt of the battle the Welsh
will fight valiantly in their fashion, but alone they know that they cannot
withstand us for a moment. I have been after them a score of times, and it
is a night-mare. You go up hills and through forests, you plunge into
morasses, you scramble up precipices; you are wet, you are hungry, you are
worn out, but never do you catch sight of one of them.
"Now and then, as you wind along the face of a hill, rocks will come
thundering down; in the woods and swamps you hear their mocking yells and
laughter. At the end of the day you drop down where you halt, and then just
as you fall off to sleep there is a wild yell, and in a moment they are
swarming among you, slashing and ripping with their long knives, crawling
on the ground and springing upon you, getting among the horses and
hamstringing or cutting them open. By the time those of you that are alive
have got together they have gone, and all is so quiet that were it not for
the scattered bodies you might believe that it was all a dream. Two or
three times before morning the attack will be repeated, until you are
forced to keep under arms in military array. As soon as it is light you
recommence your march, and so it goes on day after day, until at last,
worn-out and spent, and less in strength by half than when you started, you
gather under the shelter of the walls of one of the border towns.
"I should have been glad indeed if we had caught their king, for if he had
been held hostage in London we might have had peace; but well content am I
that Harold has abstained from entering upon a campaign which, terrible as
it is even in summer, would be beyond endurance of the strongest in
winter."
"Well, for my part," Osgod, who was one of the listeners, remarked, "I
would rather go on by myself and take the chance of getting a good blow at
some of these wild men than ride all the way back to Steyning to be laughed
at by the women there, as brave soldiers who have marched across England
and back and never unsheathed their swords. Nor will I believe that Earl
Harold can intend so to make a laughing-stock of us. The Bretons were just
as active as are these Welshmen, but he brought them to reason there, and I
warrant me he will do the same here. At any rate, he seems in no hurry to
move. We have been here nigh a week already, and why should he keep us here
if we are not to be employed?"
It was not very long before it became known that Harold had no intention of
marching away and leaving the Welsh unpunished, and that in the spring a
campaign on a great scale was to be undertaken against them. The thanes of
all the western counties were ordered to hold themselves in readiness to
join with their levies in the spring. The Somerset and Devon men were to
gather at Bristol, and thence to be conveyed by ships to the southern coast
of Wales; the troops at Gloucester were to march west, and Tostig was to
bring down a body of Northumbrian horse, and to enter Wales from Chester.
The housecarls, to their surprise, were ordered to lay aside their ringed
armour and heavy helmets, in place of which leather jerkins and caps were
served out to them; their heavy axes were to be left behind, and they were
to trust to the sword alone. They were to abandon the tactics in which
they had been trained of fighting shoulder to shoulder, with shield
overlapping shield, and were to exercise themselves in running and
climbing, in skirmishing with an imaginary foe, and rapidly gathering in
close formation to resist anticipated attack. Harold himself gave them
these instructions.
"You will have no foe to meet breast to breast," he said; "if we are to
conquer and to root out these hornets it must be by showing ourselves even
more active than they are. Speed and activity go for everything in a war
like this, while our own methods of fighting are absolutely useless. Unless
we make an end of this matter you may be called away from your homes once a
year to repel these attacks, while if you conquer now there will be no
Welsh foray again during your lifetime. Therefore it is worth while to make
a great effort, and for once to lay aside our own method of fighting. Your
commanders will see that all the exercises are well carried out, and will
report to me regarding those who show most zeal and energy. Extra pay will
be given to all, and I shall know how to reward those who are reported to
me as most deserving of it."
The troops set to work with great energy, and soon recognized the advantage
they gained by laying aside their heavy arms and armour. Swimming, running,
and climbing were practised incessantly, and when May arrived, and with it
the time for the commencement of the campaign, all felt confident of their
ability to cope with the Welsh in their own methods of warfare.