ALEXANDRIA AND LAID SIEGE TO THE CITY OF TYRE.
As to the giving in marriage of the daughter of Darius, the Emperor
of Persia, it is to be told that on a set day the wise men of the
land came before him, and the painter brought out to them the
portraits he had made, and they examined them but found none that
was worthy to rule, for one was covetous, and another quarrelsome,
and a third given to much speaking, and these faults the wise men
read in the faces on the parchment. Then they came to the likeness
of Alexander and all men said “This man is born to be lord of men”
and they brought it before Darius, and he sent for his daughter
Roxana, and made her stand by the picture, and when she did so, she
was taller than the figure painted thereon. Then Darius turned
away and said nought, but shook his head, and Roxana took with her
the cast-away drawing and bore it to her own rooms, and kept it
safe; and she vowed offerings to the gods if they would make this
man her lord and husband.
But Alexander gathered together all the warriors of the land, and
made them a speech: “Lo, barons of Macedon, Thrace, and Thessaly,
and all true Greeks, how like you now your liege lord: look on my
face and let fear depart: hold up your hearts, and flee from no
alien while Alexander lives. The gods have granted me that all the
barbarians shall obey me: and there shall be no nation so rich or
great under heaven that my name shall not be honoured there, for
we of Greece shall be praised and feared over the wide world. Now,
then, prepare ye for war; he who has arms of his own, trusty and
good, let him take them; he who has them not, let him come to me,
and I will furnish him for battle.”
Then answered him with one voice all the old knights and peers of
his father’s army: “Sire, we have fought often in hard fields with
Sir Philip, your father, and many winters have gone over our heads;
now our force fails us and our flesh is weak, for be the flower
never so fresh it fades at the last. Sir, all the days of our youth
are long past, we are over-travelled and tired, our heads are white
and too weak to bear the helmet or to seek adventures of arms.
Excuse us, Lord, we pray, and take with thee younger men, stout in
battle, and fit to deal heavy strokes.”
“Nay, by my crown,” said the king, “I cannot spare my old men; an
army of young men will often break their line in battle, trusting
to their own strength. I choose the older men who do all their
works by plan and counsel.” And the old knights yielded to his
wishes, and all men praised his wisdom.
Now the time had come when kings go out to war, and Alexander took
ship from the coast of Greece and sailed towards Italy. So at
the first his army turned towards Chalcedon, a strong and mighty
city, and he besieged it. And when the men of the city fought but
faintly, Alexander rode up to the walls and cried out with a loud
voice: “O men of Chalcedon, either fight bravely or yield up your
town without delay”; and they of the city were so fearful that
at the sound of his voice they owned him for master, and all the
land took him for lord. Then Alexander sailed into Italy and took
tribute of all men; even the mighty Romans sent him sixty thousand
gold pieces, and Europe was subject to him.
From Europe the king sailed over the great sea into Africa, and
many days he sought an enemy and found none, for the fame of
him had gone before him. On a day he sought a temple of the god
Ammon with his earls and mighty men, and there happed on the way
a marvel. For it fell as he was going, that a hart with a huge
head leaped forth before them; hardly had man ever seen so noble a
beast. Then said Alexander: “Lo, the emperor of harts, slay him ere
he escape.” And all men shot, but so fleet was the hart that none
could reach him. Then Alexander bent a bow, and with a mighty shout
let fly at him, and the arrow struck him and pierced him through,
though all men deemed that the hart was far out of bowshot. Then
his men wondered greatly, and the country folk who saw the shot
deemed that Alexander was indeed some god, and the name of the
place is called in their tongue Bowshot to this day. But the king
went into the temple and offered great gifts.
Then went Alexander on his way and came to a very fruitful land,
a land with twelve rivers running into the sea. And on a night as
he lay on his bed he saw in a dream the god of the land, tall and
fair, clad in a chestnut-brown robe, wearing on his head a gold
crown, and having two horns like ram’s horns. And as he dreamed
the god said to him, pointing to a high mountain: “King Alexander,
canst thou lift yonder hill and carry it on thy shoulder.” “Nay,”
said Alexander, “who is there under heaven who might try?” “King,”
said the god, “your name shall ever be remembered, till yonder hill
is removed from its place.” Then Alexander laughed out with joy,
and he said to the vision: “I beseech thee now, O Shining One, tell
me as at this time ere thou pass away how I shall die, and when my
day shall come?” Then the god looked on him sadly, and said: “Truly
I hold it better that a man should not seek to know that which
shall come upon him; yet since thou hast asked me, I tell thee that
thou shalt conquer all nations, and die by poison, and thy years
shall be finished ere thou reach middle age. Ask me no more of this
as now; far in the Land of the East thou shalt be told the end of
thy days by number.” And with these words the light in the room
flickered and blew sideways, and Alexander started up, and behold
there was no man with him. Then in the morning the king ordered his
men to build him there a city, and that city remains to this day,
and the name of it is Alexandria.
Now when the city was built, and men from Greece had come thither,
with merchants from Tyre and from far lands, to dwell, to buy, and
to sell, Alexander went forth with his host through all the land of
Egypt, and the men of that land feared him as one of the high gods.
And as he came to a certain city he found in it an image of a king
carved in black stone, a crown on its head, and a royal sceptre in
its hand; but below it were many words carven--the words which the
god had told the men of the land many years before. Then Alexander
asked the chief men of the city: “Sirs, what statue is this, and
what be the words that are written beneath it?” And the men of that
place answered him: “Truly, O king, this man was Anectanabus, once
king of all this land; yet because he was bidden of the gods he
left us, and the writing below tells us that he shall come again
and free us from the Persians, and make us a great people. And some
men say that it shall be a son of his that shall do these great
things.” Then Alexander knew that this was that same Egyptian who
had been his fosterer, and he said to the men of the place: “I knew
the man, and for his sake I will make ye free from all men, rich
and happy shall ye be.” And he fell at the feet of the statue and
kissed it, and they stood by him in silence.
But on a day it was told him that they of Tyre had destroyed a ship
of Alexandria, and had spoken evil of him, and Alexander marched
into Syria with all his host to subdue it and to conquer Tyre. Now
Tyre was a fair city, built on an island in a bay, with the sea
washing up to its walls. And it was so strong that no army had ever
taken it, and so rich that its merchants were princes and hired
armies to defend them, and all the country round owned the men of
Tyre as their lords. But they of the city said: “What king shall
injure Tyre, for our walls defend us, and our ships sail every sea,
and bring to us the good things of earth and food and drink, and
our wealth is great, and all men shall serve us for it?”
But Alexander and his host were marching towards them, and one
day the men of Tyre saw the army of Alexander on the plain before
them, for he had taken two strong cities, Damascus and Sidon, and
had made all the land subject to him. And as they looked the camp
seemed to grow and tents were raised, and no man could count their
number. So Alexander’s army was before the town, and he thought
that he should take it easily, but not a few troubles were suffered
before Tyre submitted to him.
Now it fell that many days had been spent in fruitless assaults on
the city before Alexander found out that its walls were too high
for him to take it by storm. Everywhere were turrets and towers of
defence, and the wild waves of the sea outside beat on the walls to
as much purpose as the army of Alexander. Then men began to murmur
and complain first of one thing, then of another, and Alexander
ordered them to construct a great castle beside the city in the
sea, and raise it up to the height of the walls of the city, that
he might prevent ships coming into it to bring food and riches. But
when the tower was nearly finished the army was in sore strait, for
food was wanting in the camp. Princes, dukes and fierce knights
were famishing, yea, all men were starving.
Then Alexander pitied his men, and resolved to get provision and
help for them, so he sent special messengers to those tribes which
were near, bidding them to send him help both in men and in food.
And among others he sent to Jaddua, chief bishop in Jerusalem, and
admonished him to send fresh men for the fight and food for the
folk that were with him, and to pay all the tribute due to Darius
to the Greeks. And he told his scribe to put into the letter gentle
words, saying that it was better to be the helpers of the men of
Macedon than to be the servants of Darius.
Now when the messengers came to Jerusalem they were received by the
chief bishop in a great hall, and when they gave him the king’s
letter he went away into an upper room to read it by himself. But
when he had read it he stayed a little, and then coming down the
steps into the hall he gave this answer to the envoys: “Sirs,
return to Alexander, and say thus: Many years have passed since I
made oath never to harm Persia, nor to pass in arms against Darius
all the days of his life.” When Alexander received this answer he
was very wroth, and he vowed to teach the Jews whose orders they
should obey; yet he would not leave the siege of Tyre, but sent
away a part of his army to obtain food for him and the rest of the
Greeks.
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