Hind-hunting.
For those who like to combine hard riding with careful and interesting
hound work, there is no sport to equal hind-hunting. It is not easy
work. Indeed, there is no form of hunting which is harder upon man and
horse. Patience, judgment and courage are required in no small degree by
the man who would see a red-deer hind fairly hunted on Exmoor. In the
course of a run we may and often do cross moor and fell, grass and
plough. We plunge into the recesses of deep woods, clatter up the beds
of mountain torrents, climb up ascents so steep that one wonders the
horse can ever face them, and come down hills which seem more fitted for
sheep or goats than horses. All this you must do if you wish to _see_
hounds at work. You may do your best, and yet lose the chase, to recover
it again later on, or perhaps be left alone to find your way as best you
can. If the charm of hunting is uncertainty, then hind-hunting ought to
be the most delightful form of the chase, for in none is there more.
Sometimes the hinds will not run at all, at others they twist about so
persistently that do what you will you cannot keep in touch with the
chase, and find and lose the hounds half-a-dozen times in the course of
a run. The knowing ones ride to points, cut off corners, wait for hounds
to come back to them. But that is not the best way to enjoy a hind-hunt;
indeed, taken in that form it might be thought a tedious and
unsatisfactory form of hunting. I was for some time rather inclined to
undervalue it. The whole secret of the pleasure is to see as much of
hounds as you can. In doing that the interest never fails; if there is
anything like a good run you want to be ever pushing on, always striving
to get forward to take advantage of every check, and get the best of
every turn. If one is always galloping to catch hounds, no horse could
live through a really fine hind-hunt, a chase which may last for three
hours or more, and cover any distance (as hounds run) from fifteen to
thirty miles. But so long as you can keep near the pack, there will be
many opportunities of easing the horse and nursing him to the end of the
run.
Let me tell the story of a hunt with its moments of joy and excitement
and its times of deep depression. It is a clear, bright morning, with
not too much wind, so that one can both see and hear. The air is keen as
we ride on to the meet, fixed for some cross-roads near the haunts of
the deer. The first few miles are along a commonplace road enough, and
then we turn up a steep hill and gradually come out on the higher land.
This is not the Exmoor of the holiday stag-hunter, with its deep leafy
combes, its broad expanse of purple heather. It is a study in browns and
russets, with the grey-purple of Dunkery in the distance, and here and
there a golden blossom of heather in the foreground. The landscape is
like a chequer board, with the tiny square enclosures which creep up to
the edge of the moorland.
There is one advantage about hind-hunting, you know where to look for
your quarry, and they are not seldom out in the open. The Master takes
with him four couple of hounds, and goes to look for the hinds. We all
go, too, for sometimes the best of the run may come with the tufters. I
have known them to get away with the hind, and the body of the pack
never to have a chance of coming up.
Presently we hear the horn, a hound challenges, and we know the hunt is
up. So closely do hinds resemble the heather in its winter brown, that
it is not easy to see them. At last we obtain a glimpse of one as she
comes stepping high over the heather with a free, easy and proud step.
There is nothing more beautiful than the action of a hind; it is far
more graceful than the lumbering lollop of a fat old stag with his
mighty weight of body and antlers. The way she goes leads to a covert on
the side of a hill, and we make for this point, arriving there before
she does. This is one of those cases in which you cannot ride to
hounds—there is a bit of impossible ground. We are now on one slope of a
deep valley cut by a stream. On the opposite side is a hanging wood, and
along its steep sides the hind is working, the hounds hunting fitfully
behind. She dodges about, running twice up to the boundary fence, and
twice turning back. This is the critical spot, for it is easy to be left
here and very difficult to keep touch with hounds. The hind, moreover,
comes straight across, almost touching one rider; the hounds stream
after her, we scramble up the slope, and down she goes again. Galloping
along the top we find an impenetrable beech fence, and by the time we
are clear hounds have gone.
This is one of the dark moments of the chase. Though we do not know the
country well, we do know that in front there are thick and extensive
coverts. We are out of the fun unless we can pick up the pack, which has
not yet been laid on. Luck favours us, and after a long trot we find
them waiting in the heather on the open moor, and what is also good, our
second horses. With hounds now eager for the hunt and a fresh horse, we
canter easily over the heather, which is far better going now than in
summer, soft, springy and delightful. Watch the hounds, how they try for
the line. Presently one hound bounds over the heather and quickens its
pace, and then another and another. “For’ard, for’ard!” shouts the
Master, and touches his horn, then one and another of the pack speak.
There is none of the dash, none of the clamour of foxhounds hitting off
a line. The hounds are lobbing over the heather, and we drop into a hand
gallop. Now one way they swing, now the other, for the hind seldom runs
straight, but in a curious, hesitating, wavering, sort of way. This
gives us many a turn. But we need to keep close, for hounds leave us in
a moment if we are slack. Downhill she has run straighter, hounds pack
more, and speak to the line more freely. This is a delightful gallop
over the heather, the horse going easily as we turn down hill. Now catch
hold of him and pull him back, and we stride down without an effort, and
economise the strength we shall need later. Somehow the hind doubles
back, aye, and nearly escapes, were it not that two couple of hounds
hold to the line. This saves the situation, though it is quite a quarter
of an hour or more, during which we have scrambled down a steep path and
up another, before hounds are really going again. Then comes another
phase of the chase. The hind has left the open moorland and taken to the
fields. A very pretty hunt it is. The pastures hold a scent, and we hunt
on merrily till a sharp turn nearly throws us all out. The master’s eye
sees the pack at fault. He gallops up the hill, fetches his pack, and
casts boldly and quickly down hill. The hind has taken to the water, and
it would not be wonderful if she was near the end of her strength. We
have been running for about two hours, and have made a seven-mile point.
“This hind must have had about enough,” remarks the Master; but she is
not, in fact, near the end of her resources as yet. As soon as hounds
touch the line she leaves the water, and runs along the cover on the
wooded slopes above us. Suddenly we see the leading hounds turn, for a
hind has as many turns and twists as a hare. Now comes an exciting time
for us. Hounds are running in an inaccessible bottom, and we have to
ride a path about two feet wide on the side of a hill, with tangled
cover and brushwood. A branch bashes in one’s hat, another almost sweeps
a rider out of the saddle; but the notes of the hounds coming up
fitfully and always further on beckon us forward. The going may be bad,
but we must get forward. What a relief to find one self on the open
heather once more! The horse is not done yet, and we work our way back
to hounds, which have a long start.
But now a deep, dark wood swallows them up, and we follow the Master on
trust. How he knows or divines which way hounds are going it is hard to
say; but it is all right, and we find hounds running over a grass field,
and then comes a stretch of most appalling ground. Frozen turf, an
outcrop of slippery rock, a hillside broken up as though a number of
small earthquakes had taken place; somehow we scramble down. But the
hind is really beaten at last. We have been hunting since 11 a.m., and
it is now long past three.
This is a good, but not an unusual example of a hind-hunt in the winter
or spring, on a day when the weather is fairly favourable. When the
weather is bad on the moors it is very bad. For example, the hind has
gone up on to the moor, but the hounds have changed in the coverts. The
Master and one follower are sitting with a couple or so of hounds for
half an hour waiting for the whippers-in to bring on the hounds, while
pitiless rain-, hail- and sleet-storms sweep over the exposed hillside.
At last the hounds come, and what is wonderful, they can still hunt,
though a storm has swept over the moor and their deer is three-quarters
of an hour in front. We ride to them a short distance, plunge into a
deep valley, and failing to hit the right path where the hind turns up,
lose hounds altogether for the day.
Again, sometimes the hind never runs at all, but dodges and turns and
twists until at last she fairly beats off her pursuers. These erratic
courses of the hind are, so far as we can tell, governed by two motives.
The first is to lead hounds away from her calf—the red-deer calves run
with the mother till they are nearly as big as she is—and having shaken
off pursuit, to return to the place she started from. There is no device
to this end she will not try. Sometimes she lies down in the open, and
so well concealed is she that it is impossible to distinguish her from
the heather. Again, she will work her way down the middle of a stream
for a long distance, so that the winter flood may carry away the scent,
or she will run backwards and forwards in a covert till the line is
foiled. Worst of all she will join a herd. If a hunted stag endeavours
to join a band of stags, the others will butt him out of their company.
They are not going to be compromised by the presence of an unlucky
relative. But a bevy of hinds seem to try to shelter a distressed one,
and by running on with her in a bunch to puzzle the hounds. Thus
hind-hunting stands very high in the estimation of lovers of hound work.
Hind-hunting brings out many latent hereditary qualities of the
foxhound. We are reminded that the foxhound’s ancestors hunted stag
before they hunted fox. There are, unluckily, very few foxes in the west
of England, but there are still some, though mange, traps and
fox-sellers or stealers have worked great havoc. Yet hounds seldom run
fox when once entered to deer. These staghounds soon develop a
considerable aptitude for distinguishing the scent of the hunted animal,
so that amidst a multiplicity of lines they hold to the line of the
hunted deer. A hound named Tradesman, belonging to Mr. E. A. V.
Stanley’s pack, ran a hind from Lype Common to Cloutsham, right round
Dunkery, never changing and never losing the line. When the pack were
astray, he held on by himself. When they were with him he led them, and
was, no doubt, the cause of the death of a stout hind after a long
chase. This is a trait which is greatly valued in France, but has been
almost lost in most foxhound packs in England, since the huntsman is as
ready to change his fox as the hounds are apt to run more eagerly on a
fresh line than a stale one. Then the foxhound often recalls his
bloodhound forbears, or at least those stately white Talbots, so much
favoured by our ancestors, by his steady tracking of the hunted deer.
Like bloodhounds, the staghound runs silently, speaking for a find, for
the recovery of the scent after a check, and in covert, in order no
doubt that the pack may keep together, but when working over the heather
the pack string out in a resolute, silent and rather blood-thirsty
fashion, for a staghound means and expects to have blood, and there is
quite a different note in his voice as the chase begins to draw to its
finish. In most cases in the last stages of a hunt the hounds are close
to their quarry, and they know what it means. A curious trait about a
hunted hind is that while pursued by hounds she seems almost devoid of
fear of horses and men. It seems as if the red deer, from having been a
hunted animal for so many ages, was able to distinguish between a real
and imaginary danger. A hind has the reputation of being a timid animal,
but if you try to ride one off from a point she is bent on making you
will soon find that she cares nothing for you, but will hold on
obstinately, or perhaps stop short and dodge behind your horse and so
make her point.
So, too, I have seen a hind spring up almost in the middle of the pack
and endeavour to bother the hounds by running in among the horses. Not
the least remarkable thing is the unconcern with which stags look on in
the hind-hunting season. I had heard of this, but never saw so flagrant
an instance as during the winter of 1905. There was a bevy of hinds on
the side of a hill. They were moved by the tufters, which also disturbed
a big stag that was lying in the heather. He sprang up and trotted at
his leisure up the hill and watched the proceedings. As soon as he
understood that hinds, not stags, were the quarry of the day, he
strolled quietly back to his lair and laid down again in the place from
which he had been disturbed. In the same way bevies of hinds will wheel
round, apparently not the least alarmed by the passing of a stag-hunt.
Most hind-hunts are long and devious, but every now and then a hind goes
right away in a straight line. This, I think, depends a good deal on the
cry of the hounds. The red deer, like the fox, regulates its pace by the
waxing or waning of the clamour of the pack. As a rule I do not think
that Exmoor carries a very good scent in the winter, and the surrounding
cultivation is chiefly poor scenting ground. The Brendon Hills, too, do
not favour hounds, so that they do not speak much. It is only the sweet
scent and enduring foil of a red deer that enables hounds to hunt as
well as they do. Of course here as elsewhere there are days when scent
is good. With the hind, as with the fox, a strong scent makes a
straight-necked quarry, and hounds will drive a hind right away and kill
her in an hour and a half or so, which for a hind-hunt is quite a
moderate run. It is a very fine form of hunting, especially if you treat
it more as a foxhunt than a stag-hunt. The latter is to most people a
series of passing pictures of the chase, with a glorious background of
wild and magnificent scenery. It is a holiday recreation, rather than a
serious business like our winter fox-hunting. But few people make a
serious attempt to ride to hounds when hunting on Exmoor. When first I
went out hind-hunting I did the same. But I reflected that if one had
two horses that it ought to be as possible to see most of the hunt as
for the master and the huntsman. Even they cannot go everywhere. Parts
of the country are actually impracticable, but they manage in the main
to be with hounds. Men who know the country manage with one horse, but
the stranger naturally goes further and works his horse harder.
How do you get your second horse? If you send him with the master’s
second horse, he is pretty sure to come up with you sooner or later. Of
course you can see a great deal with one, but it is unsatisfactory not
to be able to see hounds hunt. To enjoy hind-hunting, one ought to see
enough to have a general idea of the working of the pack during the
whole hunt. Some idea of the way hounds work may be useful, and if, as
not unusually happens, the rider finds himself alone with three or four
couple of hounds, he can be of use by stopping them; or, if that is not
always possible, at all events by keeping the leading hounds in sight,
so that when the pack check he may be able to give useful information.
After their second season staghounds generally run mute, or nearly so.
Thus they are particularly liable to slip away unseen or unheard.
Unfortunately, these are the more experienced members of the pack, which
are able to hold to the line of the hunted hind amidst the many
temptations to change which will meet them in the course of a winter’s
day on the moor. Yet so staunch do the older hounds become, that I have
known four couple of hounds to carry the line through Lord Lovelace’s
coverts from Culbone Stables (one of the most hind-haunted places in
Exmoor) and kill the hunted hind after all in one of the deep-cut combes
many miles away. These hounds hunted themselves, but I had the luck to
pick them up. Coming over some grass fields only one spoke at all; the
same hound with a peculiar shrill note spoke again in the covert when
they came out on the moor. The leading hound wasted no breath on
talking, but just scoured away. The others whimpered eagerly, but none
actually spoke till we touched the wooded side of the hill. In the
valley where runs the stream to which two-thirds of the stags and hinds
come to die, strangely enough hounds would not speak, though they were
on moist grass and the hind was close in front. The leading hound
plodded on, always on the line, solemn, intent, resolute, until we
actually came up with the hind cowering under the bank by the bridge.
She was crouched into so small a space that she was scarcely visible,
and her coat harmonised with the brown stream, the dead foliage on the
banks, but with the spirit of her race directly a hound bayed her she
stood up and faced him as proudly as any stag could have done. The odd
thing was how difficult it was to get the hounds to see her, and the old
hound that had done all the work seemed to take very little interest in
the subsequent proceedings. The rest of the work was done by a large
black, tan and white hound, who bayed the hind, hunted her down the
water, and was in at the death. The others may have done more, but the
silence of staghounds inclines one to give them less than their due
credit. The hound, like the man who talks much and loudly, gets the most
credit, and in the case of the dog with justice.
If any one wishes to see this fine but little-known sport he cannot do
better than go to Minehead, and find a judicious pilot; for it takes an
apprenticeship to learn how to ride over the moor in winter. The main
principles which experience has taught one, is that heather is
reasonably safe going, and to be made the most of, and that in this as
in other forms of hunting, the nearer you can keep to hounds the happier
you will be.
A friend of mine who came down asked me once for advice, and the answer
was: “never lose sight of the hounds if you can help it, and if you do,
get back to them again as soon as you can.” A year later he told me, “I
have done my best to carry out your advice, and have never seen reason
to regret it.” The other matter to be borne in mind is that somehow or
another you must go at a fair pace down hill, which to the new-comer
looks a great deal more alarming than it really is when you become
accustomed to the process. There is another point of view which may be
touched on here, and that is that it is not an expensive form of
hunting; three stout horses (any will do that are well bred, temperate,
and have good shoulders) would afford four and a half days a week. Thus
two would go out hind hunting on Tuesday and Friday. One would do a
couple of days with foxhounds and harriers, and in most weeks one of the
two hind-hunters would put in half a day with the harriers besides. The
early spring, March and April, are good months, when the mild western
climate will be appreciated. Hunting is slack at home, and we want
something new. Well, you have heard of autumn stag-hunting, now try
hind-hunting in the early spring.
[Illustration: MR. ALEC GOODMAN, 1852, 1866.]
[Illustration: TOM OLLIVER, 1842, 1843, 1853.]
[Illustration: MR. TOM PICKERNELL, 1360, 1871, 1875.]
[Illustration: JOHN PAGE, 1867, 1872.]
[Illustration: GEORGE STEVENS, 1856, 1863, 1864, 1869, 1870.]
[Illustration: MR. J. MAUNSELL RICHARDSON, 1873, 1874.]
[Illustration: MR. E. P. WILSON, 1884, 1885.]
[Illustration: ARTHUR NIGHTINGALL, 1890, 1894, 1901.]
[Illustration: MR T. BEASLEY, 1880, 1881, 1889.]