OTHER PLACES OF NOTE
I. PANJÁB.
(_a_) _Ambála Division._
~Ambála~, 30·2 N.--76·4 E. Population 80,131, of which 54,223 in
Cantonments. A creation of British rule. It became the headquarters of
the Political Agent for the Cis-Sutlej States in 1823, and the
Cantonment was established in 1843. The Native City and the Civil Lines
lie some miles to the N.W. of the Cantonment. Headquarters of district
and division.
~Bhiwání~ (~Hissár~), 28·5 N.--76·8 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_ in Hissár.
Population 31,100. On Rewárí--Ferozepore branch of Rájputána--Málwa
Railway. Has a brisk trade with Rájputána.
~Hánsí~ (~Hissár~), 29·7 N.--75·6 E. Headquarters of _tahsil_. Population
14,576. A very ancient town. In centre of canal tract of Hissár, and a
local centre of the cotton trade.
~Hissár~, 29·1 N.--75·4 E. Headquarters of district. Population 17,162.
Founded by the Emperor Firoz Sháh Tughlak, who supplied it with water by
a canal taken from the Jamna. This was the origin of the present Western
Jamna Canal. Is now a place of small importance.
~Jagádhrí~ (~Ambála~), 30·1 N.--77·2 E. Headquarters of _tahsil_.
Population 12,045. Connected with the N.W. Railway by a light railway.
The iron and brass ware of Jagádhrí are well known.
~Kaithal~ (~Karnál~), 29·5 N.--76·2 E. Headquarters of subdivision and
_tahsil_. Population 12,912. A town of great antiquity. Kaithal is a
corruption of Kapisthala--the monkey town, a name still appropriate.
Timúr halted here on his march to Delhi. Was the headquarters of the
Bhais of Kaithal, who held high rank among the Cis-Sutlej Sikh chiefs.
Kaithal lapsed in 1843.
~Karnál~, 29·4 N.--76·6 E. Headquarters of district. Population 21,961. On
Delhi--Kálka Railway. Till the Western Jamna Canal was realigned it was
most unhealthy, and the Cantonment was given up in 1841 on this account.
The health of the town is still unsatisfactory. Trade unimportant.
~Kasauli~ (~Ambála~), 30·5 N.--76·6 E. Small hill station overlooking
Kálka. Height 6000 feet. The Pasteur Institute for the treatment of
rabies is at Kasauli, and the Lawrence Military School at Sanáwar, three
miles off.
~Pánipat~ (~Karnál~), 29·2 N.--76·6 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_.
Population 26,342. On Delhi--Kálka Railway. An important place in Hindu
and Muhammadan times (pages 172 and 179). Local manufactures, brass
vessels, cutlery, and glass.
~Pihowa~ (~Karnál~), 29·6 N.--76·3 E. A very sacred place on the holy
stream Sarusti.
~Rewárí~ (~Gurgáon~), 28·1 N.--76·4 E. Headquarters of _tahsil_.
Population 24,780. Junction of main line and Rewárí--Bhatinda branch of
Rájputána--Málwa Railway. Trade in grain and sugar with Rájputána.
~Rúpar~ (~Ambála~), 30·6 N.--76·3 E. Headquarters of subdivision and
_tahsíl_. Population 6935. Exchange market for products of Hills and
Plains. Headworks of Sirhind Canal are at Rúpar.
~Sirsa~ (~Hissár~), 29·3 N.--75·2 E. Headquarters of subdivision and
_tahsil_. Population 14,629. Sirsa or Sarsútí was an important place in
Muhammadan times. Deserted in the great famine of 1783 it was refounded
in 1838. On the Rewárí--Bhatinda Branch of the Rájputána--Málwa Railway.
Has a brisk trade with Rájputána.
~Thanesar~ (~Karnál~), 29·6 N.--76·5 E. See pages 165 and 168. Noted
place of pilgrimage. Headquarters of a _tahsíl_. Population 4719. The
old Hindu temples were utterly destroyed apparently when Thanesar was
sacked by Mahmúd in 1014. There is a fine tomb of a Muhammadan Saint,
Shekh Chillí.
(_b_) _Jalandhar Division._
~Aliwál~, 30·6 N.--75·4 E. Scene of Sir Harry Smith's victory over the
Sikhs on 28th January, 1846.
~Dharmsála~ (~Kángra~), 32·1 N.--76·1 E. Headquarters of district. On a
spur of the Dhauladhár Range. A Gurkha regiment is stationed here. The
highest part of Dharmsála is over 7000 feet, and the scenery is very
fine, but the place is spoiled as a hill station by the excessive
rainfall, which averages over 120 inches. In the earthquake of 1905,
1625 persons, including 25 Europeans, perished.
~Fázilka~ (~Ferozepore~), 30·3 N.--74·3 E. Headquarters of sub-division
and _tahsíl_. Population 10,985. Terminus of Fázilka extension of
Rájputána--Málwa Railway, and connected with Ludhiána by a line which
joins the Southern Panjáb Railway at Macleodganj. A grain mart.
~Ferozepore~, 30·6 N.--74·4 E. Headquarters of district. Population
50,836 including 26,158 in Cantonment. (See page 245.)
~Ferozesháh~ (~Ferozepore~), 30·5 N.--74·5 E. The real name is
Pherushahr. Sir Hugh Gough defeated the Sikhs here after two days' hard
fighting on Dec. 21-22, 1845.
~Jalandhar~, 31·2 N.--75·3 E. Headquarters of district. Population
69,318, including 13,964 in Cantonment. The Cantonment lies four miles
to the S.E. of the native town and three miles from the Civil Lines.
(See page 241.)
~Jawála Mukhí~ (~Kángra~), 31·5 N.--76·2 E. Celebrated place of Hindu
pilgrimage with a famous temple of the goddess Jawálamukhí, built over
some jets of combustible gas.
~Kángra~, 30·5 N.--76·2 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_. Ancient name
Nagarkot. The celebrated temple and the fort of the Katoch kings of
Kángra were destroyed in the earthquake of 1905. (See pages 168, 171,
183.)
~Ludhiána~, 30·6 N.--75·5 E. Headquarters of district. Population
44,170. The manufacture of _pashmína_ shawls was introduced in 1833 by
Kashmírís. Ludhiána is well known for its cotton fabrics and turbans (p.
152).
~Mudkí~ (~Ferozepore~), 30·5 N.--74·5 E. The opening battle of the 1st
Sikh War was fought here on 18th December, 1845.
(_c_) _Lahore Division._
~Batála~ (~Gurdáspur~), 30·5 N.--75·1 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_.
Population 26,430. Chief town in Gurdáspur district on the
Amritsar--Pathánkot Railway. Cotton, silk, leathern goods, and soap are
manufactured, and there is a large trade in grain and sugar. The Baring
Anglo-Vernacular High School for Christian boys is a well-known
institution.
~Dalhousie~ (~Gurdáspur~), 33·3 N.--75·6 E. A well-known hill station at
height of 7687 feet, 51 miles N.W. of Pathánkot, from which it is
reached by tonga. The Commissioner of Lahore and the Deputy Commissioner
of Gurdáspur spend part of the hot weather at Dalhousie. It is a very
pretty and healthy place, with the fine Kálatop Forest in Chamba close
by, and is deservedly popular as a summer resort.
~Gujránwála~, 32·9 N.--74·1 E. Headquarters of district. Population
29,472. An active trade centre. Ranjít Singh was born, and the tomb of
his father, Mahán Singh is, at Gujránwála.
~Kasúr~ (~Lahore~), 31·8 N--74·3 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_ in Lahore.
Population 24,783. Between Raiwind and Ferozepore on N.W. Railway, and
has direct railway communication with Amritsar. A very ancient place and
now an active local trade centre.
~Nankána-Sáhib~ (~Gujránwala~), 31·6 N.--73·8 E. In south of Gujránwála
district on Chichoki--Shorkot Railway. Venerated by Sikhs as the early
home of Bába Nának.
~Siálkot~, 32·3 N.--74·3 E. Headquarters of district. Population 64,869,
of which 16,274 in Cantonment. A very old place connected with the
legendary history of Raja Sáliváhan and his two sons Púran and Rája
Rasálu. (See also page 165.) The Cantonment is about a mile and a half
from the town. Siálkot is an active trade centre. Its hand-made paper
was once well known, but the demand has declined. Tents, tin boxes,
cricket and tennis bats, and hockey sticks, are manufactured.
~Tarn Táran~ (~Amritsar~), 31·3 N.--74·6 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_.
Population 4260. On Amritsar--Kasúr Railway. The tank is said to have
been dug by Guru Arjan and it and the temple beside it are held in great
reverence by the Sikhs. The water is supposed to cure leprosy. The leper
asylum at Tarn Táran in charge of the Rev. E. Guilford of the Church
Missionary Society is an admirable institution. Clay figures of this
popular missionary can be bought in the _bazár_.
(_d_) _Ráwalpindí Division._
~Attock~ (~Atak~), 32·5 N.--72·1 E. The fort was built by Akbar to
protect the passage of the Indus. In the river gorge below is a
whirlpool between two jutting slate rocks, called Kamália and Jamália
after two heretics who were flung into the river in Akbar's reign. The
bridge which carries the railway across the Indus still makes Attock a
position of military importance. Population 630.
~Bhera~ (~Sháhpur~), 32·3 N.--72·6 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_.
Population 15,202. A very ancient town which was sacked by Mahmúd and
two centuries later by Chingiz Khán. Has an active trade. The
wood-carvers of Bhera are skilful workmen. Woollen felts are
manufactured.
~Chilianwála~ (~Chelianwála~) (~Gujrát~), 32·7 N.--73·6 E. Famous
battlefield (page 187).
~Gujrát~, 32·3 N.--74·5 E. Headquarters of district. Population 19,090.
An old place, famous in recent history for the great battle on 22
February, 1849 (page 187). Has a brisk local trade.
~Hasn Abdál~ (~Attock~) 33·5 N.--72·4 E. On N.W. Railway. Shrine of Bába
Walí Kandahárí on hill above village. Below is the Sikh shrine of the
Panja Sáhib, the rock in which bears the imprint of Bába Nának's five
fingers (_panja_).
~Jhelam~, 32·6 N.--73·5 E. Headquarters of district and an important
cantonment. Population 19,678, of which 7380 in cantonment. Has only
become a place of any importance under British rule. Is an important
depot for Kashmir timber trade.
~Kálabágh~ (~Mianwálí~), 32·6 N.--71·3 E. Population 6654. Picturesquely
situated below hills which are remarkable for the fantastic shapes
assumed by salt exposed on the surface. The Kálabágh salt is in favour
from its great purity. The Malik of Kálabágh is the leading man in the
Awán tribe.
~Katás~ (~Jhelam~), 32·4 N.--72·6 E. A sacred pool in the Salt Range and
a place of Hindu pilgrimage. The tears of Siva weeping for the loss of
his wife Satí formed the Katáksha pool in the Salt Range and Pushkar at
Ajmer.
~Khewra~ (~Jhelam~), 32·4 N.--73·3 E. In Salt Range five and a half
miles N.E. of Pinddádankhán. The famous Mayo Salt Mine is here.
~Malot~ (~Jhelam~), 32·4 N.--72·5 E. Nine miles W. of Katás (see above).
Fort and temple on a spur of the Salt Range. Temple in early Kashmir
style (_Archaeological Survey Reports_, Vol. v. pp. 85-90).
~Mankiála~ (~Manikyála~) (~Ráwalpindi~), 33·3 N.--74·2 E. A little
village close to which are the remains of a great Buddhist _stúpa_ and
of a number of monasteries (page 202).
~Murree~ (~Marrí~) (~Ráwalpindi~), 33·5 N.--73·2 E. Hill Station near
Kashmír road on a spur of the Himálaya--height 7517 feet--39 miles from
Ráwalpindí, from which visitors are conveyed by tonga. The views from
Murree are magnificent and the neighbourhood of the Hazára Galís is an
attraction. But the climate is not really bracing. The summer
headquarters of the Northern Army are at Murree, and before 1876 the
Panjáb Government spent the hot weather there. The Commissioner and
Deputy Commissioner of Ráwalpindí take their work there for several
months.
~Murtí~ (~Jhelam~), 32·4 N.--72·6 E. In Gandhála valley on bank of Katás
stream. Remains of a Buddhist _stúpa_ and of a Jain temple.
(_Archaeological Survey Reports_, Vol. II. pp. 88 and 90.)
~Ráwalpindí~, 33·4 N.--73·7 E. Headquarters of district and division,
and the most important cantonment in Northern India. Population 86,483,
of which 39,841 in Cantonment. It owes its importance entirely to
British rule. Large carrying trade with Kashmír. Contains the N.W.
Railway Locomotive and Carriage works and several private factories,
also a branch of the Murree brewery. There is an important arsenal. The
Park, left fortunately mainly in its natural state, is an attractive
feature of the cantonment.
~Rohtás~ (~Jhelam~), 32·6 N.--73·5 E. Ten miles N.W. of Jhelam on the
far side of the gorge where the Kahá torrent breaks through a spur of
the Tilla Range. Fine remains of a very large fort built by the Emperor
Sher Sháh Surí.
~Sakesar~ (~Sháhpur~), 31·3 N.--71·6 E. Highest point of Salt Range,
5010 feet above sea level. The Deputy Commissioners of Sháhpur,
Mianwálí, and Attock spend part of the hot weather at Sakesar.
~Sháhdherí~ (~Ráwalpindí~), 33·2 N.--72·5 E. On the Hazára border and
near the Margalla Pass. Site of the famous city of Táxila (Takshasilá).
See pages 161, 165, and 204. Excavation is now being carried out with
interesting results.
~Táxila~. See Sháhdherí.
(_e_) _Multán Division._
~Chiniot~ (~Jhang~), 31·4 N.--73·0 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_. Population
14,085. A very old town near the left bank of the Chenáb. Famous for
brasswork and wood-carving. The Muhammadan Khoja traders have large
business connections with Calcutta, Bombay, and Karáchí. Fine mosque of
the time of Sháhjahán.
~Kamália~ (~Lyallpur~), 30·4 N.--72·4 E. Population 8237. An old town.
Cotton printing with hand blocks is a local industry. The town should
now prosper as it is a station on the Chichoki--Shorkot Road Railway and
irrigation from the Lower Chenáb Canal has reached its neighbourhood.
~Lyallpur~, 31·3 N.--73·9 E. Fine new Colony town. Headquarters of
district. Population 19,578. Large wheat trade with Karáchí, and has a
number of cotton ginning and pressing factories.
~Montgomery~, 30·4 N.--73·8 E. Headquarters of district. Population 8129.
May become a place of some importance with the opening of the Lower Bárí
Doáb Canal. Hitherto one of the hottest and dreariest stations in the
Panjáb, but healthy.
~Pákpattan~, 30·2 N.--73·2 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_. Population 7912.
On Sutlej Valley Railway. Anciently known as Ajodhan and was a place of
importance. Contains shrine of the great Saint Faríd ul Hakk wa ud Dín
Shakarganj (1173-1265). Visited by Timúr in 1398. There is a great
annual festival attracting crowds of pilgrims, who come even from
Afghánistán. There is great competition to win eternal bliss by getting
first through the gate at the entrance to the shrine.
II. PANJÁB NATIVE STATES.
~Baháwalpur~, 29·2 N.--71·5 E. Capital of State on N.W. Railway 65 miles
south of Multán. Population 18,414. There is a large palace built by
Nawáb Muhammad Sadík Muhammad Khán IV in 1882.
~Barnála~ (~Patiála~), 32·2 N.--75·4 E. Headquarters of Anáhadgarh Nizámat
on Rájpura-Bhatinda branch of N.W. Railway. Population 5341. For the
famous battle see page 179.
~Bhatinda~ (~Patiála~), 30·1 N.--75·0 E. Also called Govindgarh. Old names
are Vikramagarh and Bhatrinda. Historically a place of great interest
(page 167). Fell into decay in later Muhammadan times. Is now a great
railway junction and a nourishing grain mart. The large fort is a
conspicuous object for many miles round. Population 15,037.
~Brahmaur~, 32·3 N.--76·4 E. The old capital of Chamba, now a small
village. Has three old temples. One of Lakshana Deví has an inscription
of Meru Varma, who ruled Chamba in the seventh century.
~Chamba~, 32·3 N.--76·1 E. Capital of State picturesquely situated on a
plateau above right bank of Ráví. Population 5523. The white palace is a
conspicuous object. There is an excellent hospital and an interesting
museum. The group of temples near the palace is noteworthy (page 201).
That of Lakshmí Naráyan perhaps dates from the tenth century. The Ráví
is spanned at Chamba by a fine bridge.
~Chíní~ (~Bashahr~), 31·3 N.--78·2 E. Headquarters of Kanáwar near the
right bank of Sutlej. Elevation 9085 feet. Was a favourite residence of
Lord Dalhousie. There is a Moravian Mission Station at Chíní.
~Kapúrthala~, 31·2 N.--75·2 E. Capital of State. Contains Mahárája's
palace. Population 16,367.
~Malerkotla~, 30·3 N.--75·6 E. Capital of State. Population 23,880.
~Mandí~, 31·4 N.--76·6 E. Capital of State. Population 7896. On the
Biás, 131 miles from Pathánkot, with which it is connected by the
Pathánkot--Palampur--Baijnáth road. There is a fine iron bridge spanning
the Biás. It is a mart for trade with Ladákh and Yárkand.
~Nábha~, 30·2 N.--76·1 E. Capital of State. Population 13,620, as
compared with 18,468 in 1901. Founded in 1755 by Hamír Singh (page 277).
Since irrigation from the Sirhind Canal has been introduced the environs
have become waterlogged and the town is therefore unhealthy.
~Náhan~, 30·3 N.--77·2 E. Capital of Sirmúr State. Elevation 3207 feet.
Population 6341. There is a good iron foundry at Náhan.
~Patiála~, 30·2 N.--76·3 E. Capital of State. Population 46,974. On
Rájpura-Bhatinda Branch of N.W. Railway. Contains fine gardens and
modern buildings. The old palace is in the centre of the town. Patiála
is a busy mart for local trade.
~Pattan Munára~ (~Baháwalpur~), 28·1 N.--70·2 E. There are the ruins
here of a large city and of a Buddhist monastery. They are situated in
the south of the State five miles east of Rahím Yár Khán Station.
~Sangrúr~ (~Jínd~), 30·1 N.--75·6 E. Became the capital of Jínd State in
1827. Population 9041. On Ludhiána--Dhurí--Jakhal Railway.
~Sirhind~ (~Patiála~), 30·4 N.--76·3 E. Properly Sahrind. On N.W.
Railway. Population 3843. The idea that the name is Sir-Hind = head of
India is a mistake. An old town of great importance in Muhammadan period
(pages 177 and 180). The ruins extend for several miles. There are two
fine tombs known as those of the Master and his Disciple dating probably
from the fourteenth century.
~Suí Vehar~ (~Baháwalpur~), 29·2 N.--71·3 E. Six miles from Samasata.
Site of a ruined Buddhist _stúpa_. An inscription found at Suí Vehár
belongs to the reign of Kanishka (page 164).
~Uch~ (~Baháwalpur~), 29·1 N.--71·4 E. On the Sutlej near the point
where it joins the Chenáb. Consists now of three villages. But it was in
early Muhammadan times a place of great importance, and a centre of
learning. It is still very sacred in the eyes of Musalmáns.
III. NORTH WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE.
(_a_) _Districts._
~Abbottábád~, 34·9 N.--73·1 E. Headquarters of district and a cantonment
with four battalions of Gurkhas. Population 11,506. At south end of
Orash Plain 4120 feet above sea level. Appropriately named after Captain
James Abbott (page 299).
~Bannu.~ See Edwardesábád.
~Cherát~ (~Pesháwar~), 33·5 N.--71·5 E. Small hill sanitarium in Pesháwar
near Kohát border, 4500 feet above sea level.
~Dera Ismail Khán~, 31·5 N.--70·6 E. Headquarters of district and a
cantonment. Population 35,131, including 5730 in cantonment. The Powinda
caravans pass through Dera Ismail Khán on their march to and from India.
~Dungagalí~ (~Hazára~), 34·6 N.--73·2 E. Small sanitarium, elevation 7800
feet, in Hazára Galís, two miles from Nathiagalí. Moshpurí rises above
it to a height of 9232 feet.
~Edwardesábád~ (~Bannu~), 33·0 N.--70·4 E. Headquarters of Bannu district
and a cantonment. Founded by Lieutenant (afterwards Sir Herbert)
Edwardes in 1848. Population 16,865. It is unhealthy owing to the heavy
irrigation in the neighbourhood.
~Fort Lockhart~ (~Kohát~), 33·3 N.--70·6 E. Important military outpost on
Samána Range, elevation 6743 feet. Saragarhí, heroically defended by
twenty-one Sikhs in 1897 against several thousand Orakzais, is in the
neighbourhood.
~Kohát~, 33·3 N.--71·3 E. Headquarters of district and a cantonment.
Population 22,654, including 5957 in Cantonment. On Khushálgarh--Thal
Branch of N.W. Railway.
~Mansehra~ (~Hazára~), 34·2 N.--73·1 E. Headquarters of _tahsíl_. The two
rock edicts of Asoka are in the neighbourhood (pages 163 and 202).
~Nathiagalí~ (~Hazára~), 34·5 N.--73·6 E. Summer headquarters of Chief
Commissioner of N.W.F. Province in Hazára Galís. Elevation 8200 feet. It
is a beautiful little hill station. Míran Jáni (9793 feet) is close by,
and on a clear day Nanga Parvat can be seen in the far distance.
~Naushahra~ (~Pesháwar~), 34 N.--72 E. Population 25,498, including 14,543
in cantonment. On railway 27 miles east of Pesháwar. Risálpura, a new
cavalry cantonment, is in the neighbourhood.
~Shekhbudín~, 32·2 N.--70·5 E. Small hill station on Níla Koh on border
of Dera Ismail Khán and Bannu districts. Elevation 4516 feet. It is on a
bare limestone rock with very scanty vegetation and is hot in summer in
the daytime. Water is scarce. The Deputy Commissioners of Bannu and Dera
Ismail Khán spend part of the hot weather at Shekhbudín.
~Thal~ (~Kohát~), 33·2 N.--70·3 E. Important military outpost at
entrance of Kurram Valley. Terminus of Khushálgarh--Thal branch of N.W.
Railway.
~Thandiání~ (~Hazára~), 34·1 N.--73·2 E. Small hill station in Galís
sixteen miles N.E. of Abbottábád. Elevation about 8800 feet. A
beautifully situated place chiefly resorted to by residents of
Abbottábád and Missionaries.
(_b_) _Agencies and Independent Territory._
~Ali Masjid~ (~Khaibar~), 34·2 N.--71·5 E. Village and fort in Khaibar,
10-1/4 miles from Jamrúd. Elevation 2433 feet.
~Ambela~ (~Indep. Territory~), 34·2 N.--72·4 E. Pass in Buner, which
gave its name to the Ambela campaign of 1863 (page 191).
~Chakdarra~ (~Dír~, ~Swát~, and ~Chitrál~), 34·4 N.--72·8 E. Military
post to N.E. of Malakand Pass on south bank of Swát River.
~Chitrál~, 35·5 N.--71·5 E. A group of villages forming capital of
Chitrál State. There is a small _bazár_.
~Jamrúd~ (~Khaibar~), 34 N.--71·2 E. Just beyond Pesháwar boundary at
mouth of Khaibar. Terminus of railway. 10-1/2 miles west of Pesháwar.
There is a fort and a large _sarai_. Elevation 1670 feet.
~Landí Kotal~ (~Khaibar~), 34·6 N.--71·8 E. 20 miles from Jamrúd. Fort
garrisoned by Khaibar Rifles at highest point of Khaibar route.
Elevation 3373 feet. Afghán frontier 6 miles beyond.
~Malakand~ (~Dír~, ~Swát~, and ~Chitrál~), 34·3 N.--71·6 E. Pass leading
into Swát Valley from Pesháwar district.
~Míram Sháh~ (~N. Wazíristán~), 33·6 N.--70·7 E. Headquarters of North
Wazíristán Agency in Tochí Valley 3050 feet above the sea.
~Parachinár~ (~Kurram~), 33·5 N.--70·4 E. Headquarters of Kurram Agency
and of Kurram Militia. Climate temperate. Population 2364.
~Wána~ (~S. Wazíristán~), 37·2 N.--69·4 E. Headquarters of South
Wazíristán Agency. In a wide valley watered by Wána Toi. There is much
irrigation and the place is unhealthy, though the elevation of the
Valley is from 4300 to 5800 feet.
IV. KASHMÍR AND JAMMU.
~Báramúla~, 34·1 N.--74·2 E. Situated at the point where the Jhelam gorge
ends and the Vale of Kashmír begins. Travellers who intend to go to
Srínagar by water board their house boats here. There is an excellent
poplar-lined road from Báramúla to Srínagar and a bad road to Gulmarg.
~Chilás~, 35·4 N.--74·2 E. See page 323.
~Gulmarg~, 34·1 N.--74·4 E. S.W. of Srínagar. It is a favourite hot
weather resort of Europeans. The Mahárája has a house here. The forest
scenery is beautiful, especially on the way to the limit of trees at
Khilanmarg. Good golf links on beautiful turf.
~Gurais~, 34·7 N.--74·8 E. A beautiful valley drained by the head waters
of the Kishnganga. It lies between Bandipura and the Burzil Pass on the
road to Gilgit.
~Hunza~, 36·4 N.--74·7 E. (See page 323.) Hunza is a group of villages.
The Rajá's (or Tham's) fort, Baltit castle, at an elevation of 7000 feet
is splendidly situated in full view of Rakaposhi, distant 20 miles. It
is overhung by the enormous mass of snow peaks said to be called in the
language of the country Boiohaghurduanasur (the peak of the galloping
horse).
~Islámábád~, 33·4 N.--75·1 E. About 40 miles by river from Srínagar, near
the point where the Jhelam ceases to be navigable. Achabal and Mártand
are easily visited from Islámábád, and it is the starting point for the
Liddar Valley and Pahlgam. It is a dirty insanitary place.
~Jammu~, 32·4 N.--74·5 E. Capital of the Jammu province and winter
residence of the Mahárája. Connected with Siálkot by rail. Situated
above the ravine in which the Tawí flows. At a distance the white-washed
temples with gilded pinnacles look striking. The town was once much more
prosperous than it is to-day.
~Leh~, 34·2 N.--77·5 E. Capital of Ladákh. On the Indus 11,500 feet above
sea-level. The meeting place of caravans from India and Yárkand. The
Central Asian caravans arrive in Autumn, when the _bazár_, in a wide
street lined with poplars, becomes busy. The Wazír Wazárat has his
headquarters here, and there is a small garrison in the mud fort. The
old palace of the Gyalpo (King) is a large pile on a ridge overhanging
the town. There are Moravian and Roman Catholic missions at Leh.
~Mártand~, 33·4 N.--75·1 E. Remains of a remarkable temple of the Sun god
three miles east of Islámábád (pages 166 and 201).
~Payer~ (erroneously ~Payech~). Nineteen miles from Srínagar containing a
beautiful and well-preserved temple of the Sun god, dated variously from
the fifth to the thirteenth century (page 202).
~Punch~, 33·4 N.--74·9 E. Capital of the _jágír_ of the Rája of Punch, a
feudatory of the Kashmír State. 3300 feet above sea level. There is a
brisk trade in grain and _ghí_. Decent roads connect Punch with
Ráwalpindí and Urí on the Jhelam. Cart Road into Kashmír. Kashmírís call
the place Prunts and its old name was Parnotsa.
~Skardo~, 35·3 N.--75·6 E. Old capital of Báltistán. 7250 feet above
sea-level. In a sandy basin lying on both sides of the Indus, and about
five miles in width. A _tahsíldár_ is stationed at Skardo.
* * * * *
TABLE I. _Tribes of Panjáb (including Native States) and N.W.F.
Province[1]._
------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------------+-------------------------
Landholding etc. | Traders | Artizans and menials | Impure Castes
--------------+------+--------+--------+------+--------+-----------+------+--------+---------+------+--------
Tribe |Panjáb|N.W.F.P.| Tribe |Panjáb|N.W.F.P.| Tribe |Panjáb|N.W.F.P.| Tribe |Panjáb|N.W.F.P.
| p.c. | p.c. | | p.c. | p.c. | | p.c. | p.c. | | p.c. | p.c.
--------------+------+--------+--------+------+--------+-----------+------+--------+---------+------+--------
Jats | 20.5 | 3.9 | Aroras | 2.8 | 3.1 |Lohárs and | | |Chúhra[8]| 5.1 |
Rajputs | 6.8 | .7 | Khatrís| 1.8 | 1.2 |Tarkháns[2]| 4.0 | 3.3 |Chamár[9]| 4.7 |
Arains and | | | Banias | 1.7 | -- |Juláhas[3] | 2.6 | 1.7 | | |
Kambohs | 4.8 | -- | | | |Jhínwar and| | | | |
Brahmans | 4.2 | .6 | | | | Máchhi[4] | 2.6 | --- | | |
Gújars | 2.5 | 5.2 | | | |Kumhár[5] | 2.3 | 1.0 | | |
Biloch | 2.2 | 1.2 | | | |Nai[6] | 1.4 | 1.1 | | |
Awán | 1.8 | 12.6 | | | |Telí[7] | 1.2 | .3 | | |
Shekhs inc. | | | | | | | | | | |
Kureshí | 1.7 | | | | | | | | | |
Kanet | 1.7 | -- | | | | | | | | |
Sainís, Málís,| | | | | | | | | | |
and Malliárs | 1.3 | 1.8 | | | | | | | | |
Patháns | 1.2 | 38.3 | | | | | | | | |
Saiyyíds | 1.0 | 4.4 | | | | | | | | |
--------------+------+--------+--------+------+--------+-----------+------+--------+---------+------+--------
[1] Only tribes amounting in number to 1 p.c. of total population shown.
[2] Blacksmiths and Carpenters.
[3] Weavers.
[4] Water carriers.
[5] Potter.
[6] Barber.
[7] Oilman.
[8] Scavenger.
[9] Leather-worker.
* * * * *
TABLE II. _Rainfall, Cultivation, Population, and Land Revenue._
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-------------------------------------------+----------+-------------
| | | | | Classes of Cultivation, p.c. |Population| Land
Zone | District |Rainfall|No. of |Cultivated+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+ 1911 | Revenue
| | in |Masonry| Area | | | | | | | | | in 1911-12
| |inches |Wells | Acres |Well |Canal| Abí |Total|Moist| Dry |Total | | in hundreds
| | | | 1911-12 | | | |Irrd.| | |Unirrd.| | of rupees
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
|Kánga | 125 | 5 | 587,826 | -- | -- | 20 | 20 | -- | 80 | 80 | 770,386| 9,267
|Simla | 68 | -- | 9,984 | -- | -- | 7 | 7 | -- | 93 | 93 | 39,320| 175
|Ambála | 35 | 2,154 | 750,515 | 4 | -- | 2 | 6 | 4 | 90 | 94 | 689,970| 11,477
|Hoshyárpur | 36 | 6,841 | 722,122 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | -- | 92 | 92 | 918,569| 14,225
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|Total British| -- | 9,000 |2,070,447 | 3 | 1 | 6½ | 10½ | 1½ | 88 | 89½ | 2,418,245| 35,144
Mountain |dts. Panjáb | | | | | | | | | | | | (1.10.0[1])
and +-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
Submontane| Hazára | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (N.W.F.P.) | 46 | 353 | 430,872 | -- | -- | 10 | 10 | -- | 90 | 90 | 603,028| 5,129
| | | | | | | | | | | | | (1.3.1)
+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
|Kashmír and | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jammu | 35[3] | -- |1,750,056 | -- | -- | -- | 32 | -- | -- | 68 | 2,893,066| --
|Indus | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Valley[2] | 5[4] | -- | 121,952 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 100 | 210,315| --
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|Total Kashmir| -- | -- |1,872,008 | -- | -- | -- | 30 | -- | -- | 70 | 3,103,381| --
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
| Gujrát | 28 |10,221 | 845,023 | 26 | -- | -- | 26 | 6 | 68 | 74 | 784,011| 8,445
North | Siálkot | 35 |23,010 | 941,558 | 54 | 1 | 3 | 58 | 9 | 33 | 42 | 979,553| 14,847
Central | Gurdáspur | 35 | 6,439 | 844,403 | 16 | 11 | -- | 27 | 14 | 59 | 73 | 836,771| 15,410
Panjáb | Amritsar | 24 |12,386 | 787,229 | 31 | 31 | -- | 62 | 4 | 34 | 38 | 880,728| 12,746
Plain | Jalandhar | 28 |28,289 | 695,571 | 44 | -- | -- | 44 | 5 | 51 | 56 | 801,920| 14,871
(British | Ludhiána | 28 | 9,991 | 754,373 | 19 | 7 | -- | 26 | 4 | 70 | 74 | 517,192| 11,103
Districts)| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | |90,336 |4,868,157 | 32 | 8 | 1 | 41 | 7 | 52 | 59 | 4,800,175| 77,422
| | | | | | | | | | | | | (1.9.5)
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
|Ráwalpíndí | 33 | 947 | 598,371 | ½ | -- | ½ | 1 | -- | 99 | 99 | 547,827| 6,754
|Jhelam | 26 | 4,103 | 754,585 | 4 | -- | -- | 4 | 4 | 92 | 96 | 511,175| 7,576
|Attock | 19 | 6,850 |1,031,962 | 2½ | -- | 1 | 3½ | 1 | 96 | 97 | 519,273| 6,741
|Mianwáli | 12 | 7,128 | 748,255 | 17 | 2 | -- | 19 | 38½ | 42½| 81 | 341,377| 4,866
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
North- |Total Panjáb | -- |19,028 |3,133,173 | 6 | ½ | ½ | 7 | 10 | 83 | 93 | 1,919,652| 25,937
West | | | | | | | | | | | | | (0.13.3)
Area +-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
|Pesháwar | 13 | 6,597 | 894,803 | 5 | 33 | ½ | 38½ | 2 | 59½| 61½ | 865,009| 11,375
|Kohát | 18 | 467 | 327,949 | ½ | -- | 12 | 12½ | ½ | 87 | 87½ | 222,690| 2,755
|Bannu | 13 | 11 | 523,688 | -- | 24 | -- | 24 | -- | 76 | 76 | 256,086| 3,040
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|Total | -- | 7,075 |1,746,440 | 3 | 24-½| 2-½| 30 | 1 | 69 | 70 | 1,343,785| 17,170
| N.W.F.P. | | | | | | | | | | | | (0.15.8)
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
|Gujránwála | 24 |10,926 |1,179,348 | 37 | 40 | -- | 77 | 4 | 19 | 23 | 923,419| 10,497
|Lahore | 21 |13,828 |1,462,108 | 31 | 43-½| 1 | 75½ | 5 | 19½| 24½ | 1,036,158| 11,301
|Sháhpur | 14 | 6,403 |1,267,566 | 14 | 55 | -- | 69 | 6 | 25 | 31 | 648,989| 8,701
|Jhang | 10 |11,588 | 723,733 | 36 | 46 | -- | 82 | 16 | 2 | 18 | 515,526| 6,429
|Lyallpur | 9 | 121 |1,373,892 | -- | 99 | -- | 99 | 1 | -- | 1 | 857,711| 12,736
South- |Montgomery | 10 |10,472 | 815,355 | 27 | 28 | 1 | 56 | 25 | 19 | 44 | 555,219| 6,225
Western |Multán | 7 |20,132 |1,081,030 | 58½ | 26 | 1 | 85½ | 13½ | 1 | 14½ | 814,871| 15,865
Plains |Muzaffargarh | 6 |14,053 | 553,643 | 36 | 33 | 4 | 73 | 27 | -- | 27 | 569,461| 7,316
|Dera Ghází | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Khán | 6 | 9,564 |1,035,011 | 25½ | 16 | 2½ | 42 | 53½ | 2½| 56 | 499,860| 5,752
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|Total Panjáb | -- |97,087 |9,491,686 | 28 | 46 | 1 | 75 | 14½ | 10½| 25 | 6,420,814| 84,822
| districts | | | | | | | | | | | | (0.14.4)
+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
|D.I. Khán | 8 | 795 | 544,746 | 1 | 17 | 8 | 26 | 11 | 63 | 74 | 256,120| 3,062
| N.W.F.P. | | | | | | | | | | | | (0.9.0)
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
|Karnál | 30 | 7,827 |1,148,876 | 13 | 21 | -- | 34 | 10 | 56 | 66 | 799,787| 10,833
|Delhi[6] | -- | 7,133 | 555,057 | 19 | 18 | -- | 37 | 6 | 57 | 63 | 657,604| 8,563
South- |Gurgaon | 26 | 6,594 | 988,613 | 13 | 10 | 1 | 24 | 3½ | 72½| 76 | 643,177| 12,182
Eastern |Rohtak | 21 | 2,450 | 974,200 | 4½ | 30 | -- | 34½ | -- | 65½| 65½ | 541,489| 9,660
Plains |Hissár | 16 | 720 |2,691,478 | -- | 11¼ | -- | 11¼ | 2¼ | 86½| 88¾ | 804,809| 8,582
(British |Ferozepore | 21 | 7,940 |2,248,322 | 7 | 40½ | -- | 47½ | 2 | 50½| 52½ | 959,657| 12,066
Districts)| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|Total Panjáb | -- |32,664 |8,606,546 | 7 | 22½ | -- | 29½ | 3½ | 67 | 70½ | 4,306,523| 61,886
| districts | | | | | | | | | | | | (0.11.6)
----------+-------------+--------+-------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+----------+-------------
[1] Rate per cultivated acre in rupees (Rupee 1 = 16 pence).
[2] = Ladákh, Baltistán, Astor, and Gilgit.
[3] At Jammu.
[4] At Gilgit. Leh 3, Skardo 5.
[5] Including Frontier _Iláka_ 264,750.
[6] The Delhi district has been broken
up, and, with the exception of the area now administered by the Government of India, has been divided between
Rohtak and Gurgaon.
* * * * *
TABLE III. _Diagrams relating to Cultivation._
PANJÁB
[Illustration: (_a_) Harvests and Irrigation
Rabi 59 p.c.
Irrigated Rabi 25/59
Kharif 41 p.c.
Irrigated Kharif 13/41]
[Illustration: (_b_) Classes of Land
Abi 1 p.c.
Canal 24 p.c.
Dry 49 p.c.
Moist 8 p.c.
Well 18 p.c.]
N.W.F. PROVINCE
(_a_) Harvests
Rabi 64 p.c.
Kharif 36 p.c.
[Illustration: (B) Classes of Land
Abi 6 p.c.
Well 2 p.c.
Canal 19 p.c.
Dry 70 p.c.
Moist 3 p.c.]
PANJÁB
[Illustration: (_c_) Crops
Wheat 31 p.c.
Other Crops 15-1/2 p.c.
Cotton 4-1/2 p.c.
Other Pulses 6-1/2 p.c.
Fodder 8-1/2 p.c.
Maize 4 p.c.
Millets (grain) 14 p.c.
Gram 16 p.c.]
N.W.F. PROVINCE
[Illustration: (_c_) Crops
Wheat 36 p.c.
Other Crops 19-1/2 p.c.
Other Pulses 3-1/2 p.c.
Fodder 3-1/2 p.c.
Maize 16-1/2 p.c.
Millets 12 p.c.
Cotton 2 p.c.
Gram 7 p.c.]
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Only tribes amounting in number to 1 p.c. of total population shown.
* * * * *
TABLE IV. _Percentages of Principal Crops_[1].
KEY:
** = (both harvests)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | Rape | Pulses | | |
| | | |_Toria_|------+------| | |
Zone | Districts |Wheat |Barley| and | |Other |Fodder|Maize |
| | | |_Tara_ | Gram |Pulses| ** | |
| | | |_mira_ | | ** | | |
----------+------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Kángra | 32 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 4 | -- | 21 |
|Simla | 31 | 15 | -- | -- | 3 | -- | 13 |
|Ambála | 26 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 9 | 11 | 10½ |
|Hoshyárpur | 33 | 1½ | 1 | 17 | 5 | 7 | 17½ |
Mountain | | | | | | | | |
|Total Panjáb | 30 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
and | districts | | | | | | | |
|------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
Submontane| | | | | | | | |
|Hazára N.W.F.P. | 26 | 10 | 1 | -- | 10 | 1½ | 43 |
Zone |------------------+------+------+-------+--------- ---+------+------+
| | | | | \________/ | | |
|Kashmír and Jammu | 21 | 4 | -- | 7 | -- | 38 |
|Indus Valley | 29 | 4 | -- | 12 | -- | 7 |
|------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Total Kashmír | 23 | 4 | -- | 8 | -- | 35½ | -- |
----------+------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Gujrát | 42 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 2½ |
North |Siálkot | 43 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 15 | 8 |
Central |Gurdáspur | 36 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 13 | 11 | 8 |
Panjáb |Amritsar | 36 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 20 | 5 |
Plain |Jalandhar | 33 | 1 | -- | 15 | 7 | 23 | 10 |
(British |Ludhiána | 28 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 7 |
districts)| | | | | | | | |
|Total | 37 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 14 | 7 |
----------+------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Ráwalpindí | 41 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 2½ | 8 |
|Jhelam | 47 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 5 | 1 |
|Attock | 50 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 7½ | 2½ | 2½ |
North- |Mianwálí | 34 | 4 | 3 | 19 | 10 | 2 | -- |
| | | | | | | | |
West |Total Panjáb | 43 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 11 | 3½ | 3 |
| districts | | | | | | | |
Area |------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Pesháwar | 36½ | 16 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 18½ |
|Kohát | 43 | 2½ | 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
|Bannu | 49 | 4 | -- | 24 | ½ | 4 | 8 |
| | | | | | | | |
|Total N.W.F.P. | 41 | 10 | 1 | 8½ | 2½ | 5 | 13½ |
----------+------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Gujránwála | 40 | 3 | 4 | 15½ | 3 | 12 | 2½ |
|Lahore | 37 | 1 | 6 | 16 | 1 | 15 | 4½ |
|Shahpur | 44 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 2 |
|Jhang | 47 | 1 | 2 | 4½ | 4 | 10 | 2 |
South- |Lyallpur | 42½ | ½ | 13 | 8 | 2½ | 5 | 4½ |
|Montgomery | 41 | 1½ | 2 | 13 | 4½ | 17 | 3 |
Western |Multán | 41 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 13 | ½ |
|Muzaffargarh | 44½ | 3 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 7 | -- |
Plains |Dera Ghází Khán | 27 | 1 | 10 | 3½ | 5½ | 5 | -- |
| | | | | | | | |
|Total Panjáb d | 40½ | 1½ | 6 | 9 | 4 | 10 | 2 |
| districts | | | | | | | |
|------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|D.I. Khán N.W.F.P.| 31 | 2 | 13 | 8 | 3 | ½ | -- |
----------+------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Karnál | 21 | 2 | 5 | 26½ | 4½ | 6½ | 5½ |
|Rohtak | 8 | 2½ | 1 | 34½ | 7 | 2 | -- |
|Gurgáon | 8 | 13 | 1½ | 20 | 12 | 4 | -- |
South- |Hissar | 4 | 7 | 4 | 28 | 8 | 4 | -- |
Eastern |Ferozepore | 28 | 7 | 4 | 31½ | 4 | 8 | 2½ |
Plains | | | | | | | | |
(British |Total Panjáb | 14 | 6 | 3 | 28½ | 7 | 5 | 1½ |
Districts)| districts | | | | | | | |
|------------------+------+------+-------+------+------+------+------+
|Grand total Panjáb| 31 | 3½ | 4 | 16 | 6½ | 8½ | 4 |
| " N.W.F.P.| 36 | 8½ | 3 | 7 | 3½ | 3½ | 16½ |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | | | |
| Millets | | | | | |
|-------+-------| | | |Other | |
| | | Rice |Cotton|Cane |Crops | Districts | Zone
|_Bájra_|_Jowár_| | | | ** | |
| | | | | | | |
+ ------+-------+------+------+-----+------+------------------+----------
| -- | -- | 15 | ½ | 1 | 14½ |Kángra |
| -- | -- | 6 | -- | -- | 32 |Simla |
| 1½ | 1 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 6 |Ambála |
| ½ | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 7½ |Hoshyárpur |
| | | | | | | |Mountain
| ½ | ½ | 8 | 3 | 2 | 11 |Total Panjáb |
| | | | | | | districts |and
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------|------------------|
| | | | | | | |Submontane
| 1½ | 1 | 3 | 1 | -- | 2 |Hazára N.W.F.P. |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------|------------------|Zone
| | | | | | | |
| -- | -- | 9 | -- | -- | 21 |Kashmír and Jammu |
| -- | -- | 1 | -- | -- | 47 |Indus Valley |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------|------------------|
| -- | 8 | -- | -- | | 21½ |Total Kashmír |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+------------------+----------
| 15 | 6 | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 1 |Gujrát |
| 1½ | 1½ | 6½ | 2 | 4 | 3½ |Siálkot |North
| ½ | ½ | 6½ | 1 | 7 | 4½ |Gurdáspur |Central
| -- | -- | 4½ | 4 | 3 | 3½ |Amritsar |Panjáb
| -- | -- | -- | 3½ | 3½ | 4 |Jalandhar |Plain
| ½ | 3 | -- | 2 | 2 | 12 |Ludhiána |(British
| | | | | | | |districts)
| 3 | 2 | 3 | 2½ | 3½ | 4½ |Total |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+------------------+----------
| 17 | 4 | -- | 1 | -- | 3½ |Ráwalpindí |
| 21 | 2 | -- | 2 | -- | 5 |Jhelam |
| 19 | 2½ | -- | 2 | -- | 1 |Attock |
| 19 | 4 | -- | ½ | -- | 4½ |Mianwálí |North-
| | | | | | | |
| 19 | 3 | -- | 1½ | -- | 5 |Total Panjáb | West
| | | | | | | districts |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+------------------| Area
| 1 | 4½ | 1½ | 4 | 3 | 3 |Pesháwar |
| 27½ | 2 | 1 | 1 | -- | 3 |Kohát |
| 3 | 1¼ | ½ | ½ | 1¼ | 4 |Bannu |
| | | | | | | |
| 6 | 3 | 1 | 2½ | 2 | 4 |Total N.W.F.P. |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+------------------+----------
| 2½ | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2½ | 2 |Gujránwála |
| 1 | 1 | 2½ | 9 | 1 | 5 |Lahore |
| 10 | 3½ | 1 | 8 | ½ | 3 |Shahpur |
| 2 | 8 | ½ | 5½ | -- | 13½ |Jhang |
| ½ | 1 | -- | 9 | 2½ | 11 |Lyallpur |South-
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | -- | 7 |Montgomery |
| 4 | 8 | 3 | 9 | -- | 8½ |Multán | Western
| 3 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 6½ |Muzaffargarh |
| 9 | 23 | 8 | 6 | -- | 2 |Dera Ghází Khán | Plains
| | | | | | | |
| 3½ | 4 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 8½ |Total Panjáb |
| | | | | | | districts |
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------|------------------|
| 22 | 9 | -- | 2 | -- | 9½ |D.I. Khán N.W.F.P.|
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------+------------------+----------
| 5 | 11½ | 4 | 6 | 2 | ½ |Karnál |
| 21 | 14 | -- | 6½ | 2 | 1½ |Rohtak |
| 25 | 5 | -- | 8 | ½ | 3 |Gurgáon |
| 26 | 6½ | -- | 3 | -- | 9½ |Hissar |South-
| 3 | 6 | -- | -- | -- | 6 |Ferozepore | Eastern
| | | | | | | | Plains
| 15 | 8 | ½ | 3½ | ½ | 7½ |Total Panjáb |(British
| | | | | | | districts |Districts)
+-------+-------+------+------+-----+------|------------------|
| 9 | 5 | 2½ | 4½ | 1½ | 4 |Grand total Panjáb|
| 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | " N.W.F.P.|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] In case of Panjáb districts figures relate to _Kharif_ 1910 and
_Rabi_ 1911.
* * * * *
TABLE V _Revenue and Expenditure_, 1911-12.
+-------------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+
| | Income | Expenditure |
| +---------+---------------+--------+-----------------|
| Heads | | Provincial | | Provincial |
| | +---------------+--------+--------+--------|
| |Total in | |Total in| | |
| |Rs. 000 |Share |Amount |Rs. 000 | Share |Amount |
| | | |in | | |in |
| | | |Rs. 000| | |Rs. 000 |
|-------------------+---------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------|
|Land Revenue |3,47,92 | Half |1,73,96| 47,76| Whole |47,76 |
|Salt | 38,16 | Nil | -- | 4,82| Nil | -- |
|Stamps | 52,57 | Half | 26,29| 1,77| Half | 89 |
|Excise | 64,00 | Half | 32,00| 1,71| Half | 86 |
|Income-tax | 16,22 | Half | 8,11| 11 | Half | 5 |
|Forests | 13,10 | Whole | 13,10| 7,64| Whole | 7,65 |
|Registration | 3,16 | Whole | 3,16| 1,20| Whole | 1,20 |
|General | | | | | | |
|Administration | -- | -- | -- | 18,33|Various |13,65 |
|Law and Justice | | | | | | |
| --Courts | 4,35 | Whole | 4,35| 42,18| Whole |42,18 |
|Law and Justice | | | | | | |
| --Jails | 3,41 | Whole | 3,41| 12,24| Whole |12,24 |
|Police | 1,80 | Whole | 1,80| 58,57| Whole |58,57 |
|Education | 3,64 | Whole | 3,64| 23,27| Whole |23,27 |
|Irrigation-- | | | | | | |
| Major Works | 2,13,08 | Half |1,06,54| 1,36,42| Half |68,21 |
|Irrigation-- | | | | | | |
| Minor Works | 7,99 |Various| 56 | 11,17|Various |1,07 |
|Civil Works | 6,93 |Various| 6,20| 67,90|Various |62,70 |
|Medical | -- | -- | -- | 21,20| Whole |21,20 |
|All other heads[1] | 27,60 |Nil and| 16,21| 56,96| Whole, |41,29 |
| |various| | |various,| |
| | | | | and | |
| | | | | nil | |
--------------------+---------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------|
Total |8,03,93 | -- |3,99,33|5,13,25 | -- |4,02,79 |
--------------------+---------+-------+-------+--------+--------+--------+
[1] Under Income "Salt," "Tribute," "Interest," "Miscellaneous," and
"All other heads." Under Expenditure "Political," "Scientific,"
"Pensions," "Stationery," "All other items."
INDEX
Abbott, Captain J.; 299, 300
Abbottábád; 302, 303, 355
Adamwahán railway bridge; 46, 283
Adína Beg; 179
Administration, British 1849-1913; 188-195
General; 212-221
Local; 222
Afghán War; 1878-1880 193
Afrídís; 196, 297, 309
Agriculture; 101, 102, 143, Tables II, III, IV
Agriculturists, Legislation to protect; 102
Agror; 303
Ahírs; 230, 231
Ahmad Sháh; 178, 179
Aitchison, Sir Charles; 194
Akazais; 303
Akbar; 172
Ála Singh, Rája; 273, 274
Alá ud dín; 169
Alexander the Great; 161-162
Alexandra railway bridge; 41
Ali Masjid; 356
Alptagin; 168
Altamsh; 170
Alum; 59
Amb; 303
Ambála division; 225-235
district; 233-235
town and cantonment; 347
Ambela; 192, 305, 356
Amritsar district; 249
town; 175, 339, 340
Anandpál Rája; 168
Arains; 242, 245, 248, 252, 279
Aravallís; 50
Archaeology; 200-208
Areas; 2-3
Arjan Guru; 175
Aroras; 105, 106
Asoka; 162, 163
Attock, Fort; 37, 38, 350
Attock district; 257, 258
Aurangzeb; 172, 177
Awáns; 105, 254, 258-260, 299-300
Bábar; 172, 273
Bábusar pass; 301
Baháwalpur State; 280-283
town; 353
Bajaur; 306
Balban; 170
Bánda; 178
Banias; 106
Bannu district; 295, 296
town; 355
Bár; 261, 262, 267
Bára river; 298, 309
Báralácha pass; 12, 236
Báramúla; 40, 357
Bárí Doáb Canal, Upper; 135, 249, 251
Lower; 138, 262
Barnála; 179, 353
Bashahr State; 287-290
Báspa river; 288, 289
Bazár valley; 309
Bein torrent; 45
Bhakkar; 258
Bhittannís; 294
Bhupindar Singh, Mahárája of Patiála; 275
Bhure Singh, Rája of Chamba; 286
Biás river; 43-45, 162, 237, 249, 251
railway bridge; 45
Biláspur State; 288
Biloches; 104, 105, 268, 269
Birmal; 24
Black buck; 94, 95
Black Mountain Expedition; 191
Boltoro glacier; 21
Borax; 60
Boundaries; 3-6
Brahmans; 104, 106, 240
Brijindar Singh, Rája of Farídkot; 280
Buddhism; 114, 115, 169, 236, 289
Bunhár torrent; 254
Burzil pass; 12
Canals; 132-141, 197
Carving in wood and ivory; 154
Castes; 105, 106
Chagarzais; 302
Chail; 29
Chakdarra; 305, 306, 356
Chakkí torrent; 45
Chamba State; 245, 246
town; 201, 354
Chamberlain, Sir Neville; 305
Chamkannís; 310, 311
Chandrabhága river; 2, 41, 286
(see also Chenáb)
Chandra Gupta; 162
Chatar Singh, Sardar; 186-187
Chenáb river; 41, 247, 249, 252, 261, 266, 267
Cherát; 31, 355
Chilás; 36, 301, 357
Chilianwála; 187, 351
Chingiz Khán; 170
Chíní; 44, 288, 354
Chitrál; 196, 305, 307, 308, 356
Chitrál and Dír levies; 313
Cholera; 101
Chor mountain; 285
Chos; 241
Christians; 119
Chund Bharwána railway bridge; 41
Climate; 64-70
Coal; 58
Coins 208-211
Colleges; 125, 126
Colonization of Canal lands; 136, 139, 140, 263
Co-operative Credit Societies; 197, 199
Crops; 146-150, Tables III-IV
Cultivation; 142-150, Tables II-III
Dalhousie, Lord; 188
Dalhousie hill station; 68, 246, 350
Dalíp Singh, Mahárája; 184
Dandot; 58
Dane, Sir Louis; 199
Darbár 1877; 193-333
1903; 333
Coronation 1911; 199, 333, 334
Dards; 107, 108
Darius; 161
Darwesh Khel; 312
Daulat Ráo Sindhia; 183
Daur valley; 312
Davies, Sir Henry; 191
Deane, Sir Harold; 197
Degh torrent; 42, 247
Delhi; 169, 199, 205-208, 224, 225, 325-334
Delhi-Ambála-Kalka Railway; 130
Deodár; 80, 86, 302, 307
Dera Gopípur; 44
Dera Gházi Khán district; 268-270
Dera Ismail Khán district; 294, 295
town and cantonment; 355
Dharmsála; 68, 238, 348
Dhauladhár; 16
Dhúnds; 256
Dír; 305-307
Domel; 40
Dorah pass; 22
Dor river; 299, 301
Dost Muhammad, Amír; 184
Drishaks; 270
Dujána State; 283
Dungagalí; 355
Durand, Colonel; 194
Durand, Sir Henry; 191
Durand Line; 4, 196, 306, 307, 308
Earthquake of; 1905 197
Education; 119, 121-126
Edwardes, Sir Herbert; 186
Edwardesábád; 355
Egerton, Sir Robert; 191
Ekbhai mountain; 27
Ethnology; 109, 110
Expenditure, Provincial; 219-220, Table V
Exports and Imports; 159
Factories; 156, 157
Famines; 195, 227
Farídkot State; 244, 280
Fateh Singh, Sardár of Kapúrthala; 279
Fauna; 90-95
Ferozepore district; 243-245
railway bridge; 46
town and cantonment; 349
Ferozesháh, battle of; 186, 244, 349
Fever, mortality from; 100, 101
Finance; 219-222
Fitzpatrick, Sir Dennis; 195
Flora; 71-85
Fluctuating assessments; 221
Forests; 86-89
Fort Lockhart; 355
Fort Munro; 27, 270
Fossils; 53, 55-57
Fotulá; 12
Gaddís; 236
Gajpat Singh, Sardár of Jind; 276
Game; 91-95
Gandamak, treaty of; 193
Gandgarh hills; 302
Ghagar torrent; 46, 47, 227, 231, 233
Ghaibana Sir; 31
Ghakkhars; 168, 169, 254, 256, 300
Ghaznevide raids; 168
Giandári hill; 27
Gilgit; 194, 321, 323
Girí river; 235, 285, 288
Gírths; 240
Godwin Austen Mt; 21
Gold; 59, 322
Gomal pass; 25, 312
Gough, Lord; 187
Govind Singh, Guru; 177, 178
Granth Sáhib; 175
Grey Inundation Canals; 244
Gújars; 107, 241, 245, 252, 300
Gujránwála district; 249
town; 350
Gujrát battle; 187
district; 252
town; 351
Guláb Singh, Rája; 184, 186, 219, 314, 323
Gulmarg; 357
Gupta Empire; 164
Gurais; 357
Gurchánís; 270
Gurdáspur district; 245, 246
Gurgáon district; 229, 230
Gurkhas; 235, 274, 289
Gurus, Sikh; 173-178
Hakra river; 40
Handicrafts; 152-156
Hangu; 297
Haramukh mountain; 14
Haríke ferry; 44
Hari Singh Nalwa, Sardár; 184
Haro river; 38, 258, 299, 301, 302
Harvests; 142
Hasanzais; 303
Hattu mountains; 288
Hazára district; 186, 298-303
Himálaya; 8-20, 67, 68
Hindkís; 299
Hindu Kush; 22, 23, 305, 307
Hindur; 287
Hindus and Hinduism; 114-118, 119, 120
Híra Singh Sir, Rája of Nadha; 278
Hissár district; 226-228
town; 347
History; 160-199
Hiuen Tsang; 165
Hoshyárpur district; 240, 241, 278
Humáyun; 172
Hunza town; 357
Hunza and Nagar; 323
Hunza-Nagar levies; 313
war; 194, 195
Ibbetson, Sir Denzil; 197, 198
Imperial Service troops; 276, 277, 279, 283
Income and Expenditure; 219, 286, Table V
Indus river; 34-39, 260, 270, 281, 296, 300, 302
Inundation Canals; 139, 262, 267
Islámábád; 358
Jagatjít Singh, Mahárája of Kapúrthala; 279
Jahángír; 173, 175, 208
Jains; 280
Jalandhar district; 241, 242
town and cantonment; 349
Jalandhara kingdom; 241
Jálkot; 36
Jammu State; 107, 314-317
town; 358
Jamna river; 48, 49
Jamna Western Canal; 133, 135
Jamrúd; 356
Janjúas; 254
Jassa Singh, Ahluwáha Sardár; 279
Jats; 103, 104, 234, 240, 242, 245, 248, 249, 252, 254
Jhang district; 265, 266
Jhelam Canal, Lower; 133, 137, 138, 261, 265
Upper; 138, 252
Jhelam district; 253, 254
river; 39, 40, 253, 254, 261, 265, 301
town and cantonment; 351
Jind; 271, 276, 277
Joint Stock Companies; 157, 158
Jowákis; 297, 310
Jubbal State; 287
Kabul; 22, 165
river; 23, 37, 298
canal; 140, 298
Káfiristan range; 307
Kágan; 40, 301
Kahá torrent; 270
Kaisargarh mountain; 26
Kálabágh; 38, 39, 295
Kálachitta range; 30, 258
Kalsia State; 280
Kamália; 353
Kambohs; 263
Kángra district; 235-240
town and fort; 168, 171, 183, 349
Kanjútís; 108
Kankar; 60, 127
Kaoshan pass; 22
Kapúrthala State; 278, 279
town; 356
Karakoram; 20, 324
Karnál district; 230-232
town; 348
Kashmír, Early History; 165, 166, 172
Forests; 89
Population; 99, 100, 106, 107
Territories; 2, 12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 193, 314, 324
Kashmírí Pandits; 107
Kasránis; 270
Katás; 201
Káthias; 263
Keonthal State; 287
Keppel, Sir George Roos; 197
Khaibar; 23, 309
Rifles; 308, 309, 313
Khairímúrat hills; 30, 258
Khánkí weir; 195, 310
Khánwáh Canal; 263
Kharrals; 263
Khatrís; 105, 106
Khattaks; 297, 298
Kheora Salt Mine; 51, 351
Khojas; 104
Khosas; 170
Khost; 311
Khowar; 308
Khurmana river; 311
Khushálgarh railway bridge; 130
Kila Drosh; 307, 308
Kirána hill; 261
Kishngangá river; 40, 261, 319
Kohála; 40, 257
Kohát district; 296-298
salt; 57, 58, 296
town and cantonment; 356
Kolahoi mountain; 14
Kúka rising; 192, 193
Kulu; 17, 235, 237, 238
Kunar river; 23, 37, 307
Kunáwar; 289
Kunhár 40, 301
Kurram militia; 313
river; 39, 260, 295, 311
valley; 24, 296
Ladákh; 64, 65, 109, 112, 319-321
Laghárís; 270
Lahore city; 169, 173, 334-339
district; 251, 252
division; 245
railway bridge; 43
Lahul; 64, 236
Lake, Lord; 183
Land Alienation Act, XIII of 1900; 196
Land Revenue; 220, 221
Landai river; 38
Landí Kotal; 357
Languages; 110-113
Lárjí; 43
Lawrence Memorial School; 234
Lawrence, Sir Henry; 186, 188
Sir John; 188-191
Legislative Council; 195, 216
Leh; 35, 64, 65, 358
Leprosy; 101
Liddar valley; 40
Lieutenant Governors; 188-199
Local Self Government; 195, 217, 218
Lohárs; 106, 152
Loháru State; 283
Loláb valley; 40
Lowárí pass; 307, 308
Lower Bárí Doáb Canal; 138, 262, 267
Chenáb Canal; 136, 137, 195, 263, 265
Jhelam Canal; 137, 138, 197, 260
Swát Canal; 140, 141, 298
Ludhiána district; 242, 243
town; 153, 349
Lulusar lake; 301
Lunds; 270
Lurí bridge; 45
Lyall, Sir James; 194
Lyallpur district; 263, 264
town; 353
Macleod, Sir Donald; 191
Mahaban mountain; 36
Mahirakula; 164
Mahmúd of Ghazní; 168
Mahsud Wazírs; 196, 312
Malakand pass; 299, 305, 306, 357
Malerkotla State; 283
town; 354
Máli ká parvat; 301
Malka; 305
Mallagorís; 308, 309
Mamdot; 244
Mamunds; 306
Manálí; 43, 237
Mandí State; 283, 284
town; 354
Mangal; 287
Mansehra; 356
Mardán; 298, 299
Márkanda torrent; 47
Mártand temple; 166, 358
Marwats; 296
Mazárís; 270
Mazhbís; 106
Meghs; 107
Menander; 163, 164
Mendicants; 106
Meos; 229
Metals; 59
Mianwálí district; 258-260
Miram Sháh; 357
Miranzai; 297
Moghal Empire; 171-180
Mohmands; 308, 309
Mongol invasions; 170
Montgomery, Sir Robert; 191
Montgomery district; 261, 262
town; 353
Mudkí battle field; 186, 282
Muhammad Ghorí; 169
Muhammad Tughlak; 170, 171
Muhammadan Architecture; 204-208
Muhammadan States; 280-283
Muhammadans; 118, 119, 252, 262, 291
Muín ul Mulk; 179
Mulráj, Diwán; 186-282
Multán district; 266, 267
division; 262
Multán city; 154, 166, 183, 186, 340, 341
district; 266-267
division; 262
Municipalities; 217
Murree; 68, 256, 303, 351, 352
Musa ká Musalla mountain; 301
Musallís; 106
Mutiny of 1857; 227
Muzaffargarh district; 267, 268
Nabha State; 271, 277, 278
town; 354
Nádir Sháh; 178
Náhan State; 285
town; 354
Nálagarh State; 207
Nanga parvat (mountain); 12
Naráina, battlefield of; 232
Nardak; 232
Nathiagalí; 356
Naushahra; 298, 356
North West Frontier Province; 197, 291-313
North Western Railway; 120-131
Nun and Kun peaks; 12, 324
Occupations; 101, 102, 105, 106, 152-156
O'Dwyer, Sir Michael; 199
Ohind; 37
Orakzais; 196, 297, 309-311
Otu weir; 47
Pabar river; 288
Pabbí hills; 252
Pahárpur canal; 292
Paiwar Kotal; 24
Pakhlí plain; 302
Pákpattan; 353
Palosí; 36
Pángí; 14, 286
Panipat; 172, 179, 232, 348
Panjkora river; 38, 306, 307
Panjnad river; 41, 382
Parachas; 106
Parachinár; 311, 357
Pataudí State; 283
Patháns; 105, 260, 294, 299, 300, 304, 311
Patiála State; 180, 271-274
town; 354
Pattan Munára; 354
Payech, see Payer
Payer; 201, 358
Pesháwar city; 160, 164, 169, 184, 341, 342
district; 298, 299
Petroleum; 59
Phillaur; 46, 243
Phulkian States; 196, 271-278
Pihowa; 232, 348
Pírghal mountain; 24
Pití, _See_ Spití
Plague; 97-99, 100, 195, 245
Population; 96-113
Pottery; 152, 156
Powindahs; 25
Pressure, barometric; 65-67
Punch; 358
Railways; 128-131
Rájput Hill Chiefs (Simla); 288
Rájputs; 104, 240, 241, 245, 248, 254, 288
Raldang mountain; 288
Rámpur ;45, 289
Ranbir Singh, Mahárája of Jínd; 277
Ranjít Singh, Mahárája; 181-184
Ráví river; 41-43, 247, 251, 262, 266, 267, 286
Ráwalpindi cantonment and town; 256, 352
district; 255-257
division; 252
Religions, Kashmír; 114
N. W. F. Province; 114
Panjáb; 114-117
Ripon, Lord; 195
Ripudaman Singh, Mahárája of Nábha; 270
Rivaz, Sir Charles 197
Rivers; 32-49
Road, Grand Trunk; 127
Roads; 127, 128
Rogí cliffs; 45
Rohtak district; 228, 229
Roos-Keppel, Sir George; 197
Rotang pass; 14, 236
Rúpar; 46, 348
Sabaktagin; 167, 168
Sádik Muhammad Khán, Nawáb of Baháwalpur; 281, 282
Sad Istragh mountains; 22
Safarmulk lake; 301
Safed Koh range; 24, 311
Saiyyids; 105, 304
Sakesar; 29, 352
Sakkí stream; 250
Salt; 57, 58
Salt Range ;29, 30, 253, 254, 257, 258, 262
Geology of; 51-53
Flora of; 76, 77
Samána range; 297
Rifles; 297, 298
Sam Ránízai; 306
Sangrúr; 276, 354
Sansár Chand, Rája; 183
Sapphires; 60
Saráj; 235, 237
Sarusti torrent; 46, 47, 231, 232
canal; 47
Sasserlá; 20
Sattís; 256
Sháh Álam, Emperor; 181
Sháhjahán; 173
Sháh Shuja; 184
Sháhpur district; 260-262
Shawal; 24
Shekhbudín; 31, 356
Shekhs; 105
Sher Khán; 170
Sher Singh Mahárája; 184
Shigrí glacier; 236
Shipkí pass; 45
Shooting; 94, 95
Shuidár mountain; 24
Shyok river; 36
Sialkot district; 247
town and cantonment; 164, 350
Siáls; 266
Sídhnai canal; 139, 267
Sikandar Lodí; 171
Sikarám mountain; 24
Sikh Jats; 104, 250, 252, 276, 280
wars; 186, 187
religion; 117, 118
Sil torrent; 258
Simla district; 254
hill station; 67, 68, 342-344
Hill States; 287-290
Sind valley; 40
Sirhind canal; 135, 136, 195, 227, 245, 271, 275, 276, 280
Sirhind, town; 177, 180, 354, 355
Sirmúr State; 285
Siwaliks; 27, 52, 53
Skárdo; 36, 321
Smallpox; 101
Soán torrent (Hoshyárpur); 241
(Ráwalpindí), _see_ Sohán
Sobráon, battle of; 186
Sohág Pára Canals; 262
Sohán torrent; 38, 253, 256
Southern Panjáb Railway; 130
Spití; 55, 235, 236
river; 45, 288
Stúpas; 202
Súds; 106
Sulimán range; 26, 27, 270, 290
Sultánpur (Kulu); 238
Sultánpur (Kapúrthala); 278
Sunárs; 106
Surindar Bikram Parkásh, late Rája of Sirmúr; 285, 286
Sutlej inundation canals; 267
river; 45, 46, 245, 262, 266, 281, 288
Takht i Sulimán mountain; 26
hill (Kashmír); 318
Tamerlane. _See_ Timúr
Tanáwal; 302, 303
Tanáwal hills; 302
Tarkanrís; 307
Tarkháns (carpenters); 106, 152
Terí; 296
Thakkars; 107
Thal desert; 149, 259-261, 262, 265, 267
Thal (Kohát); 297, 311, 356
Thandiáni; 356
Thanesar; 165, 168, 232, 348
Tilla hill; 29
Timúr (Tamerlane); 171
Tirach Mir mountain; 22, 308
Tirah Campaign; 176
Tiwánas; 260
Tochí valley; 24, 296
Tons, river; 48
Torrents, action of; 47, 48
Trade; 159
Traders; 105, 106
Tribal militias; 312
Triple Canal Project; 138, 197
Túmans Biloch; 270
Turís; 311
Uch; 355
Uchiri range; 307
Udyána; 304
Ujh torrent; 42
Umra Khán; 196
Unhár river; 302
University, Panjáb; 125, 126
Upper Bárí Doáb Canal; 135, 191, 247, 249, 251
Chenáb Canal; 138, 139, 249
Jhelam Canal; 138, 139, 252
Swát Canal; 141, 298
Utman Khel; 306
Vaccination; 101
Wána; 24, 196, 312, 357
Wattús; 263
Wazíristán; 312
hills; 24
militias; 313
Wazírs Darwesh Khel; 312
Madsud; 312
Weavers; 102, 152, 154
Wellesley, Marquis of; 182
Arthur; 183
Wells; 143, 144
Western Jamna Canal; 135, 227, 232, 273, 276
Wular lake; 40
Yakúb Khán, Amir; 194
Yárkhun river; 305, 307
Yasín river; 307
Young, Sir Mackworth; 195
Yúsafzais; 299, 304, 305, 306
Zaimukhts; 310
Zakaria Khán; 178
Zakha Khel; 309
Zamzama gun; 187
Zanskár; 320
Himálaya; 10, 286
river; 36
Zojilá; 12