See GUILDS OF FLANDERS.
----------MINNESOTA: Start--------
MINNESOTA:
The aboriginal inhabitants.
See AMERICAN ABORIGINES: SIOUAN FAMILY.
MINNESOTA: A. D. 1803.
Part of the state, west of the Mississippi,
acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.
See LOUISIANA: A. D. 1798-1803.
MINNESOTA: A. D. 1834-1838.
Joined to Michigan Territory; then to Wisconsin; then to Iowa.
See WISCONSIN: A. D. 1805-1848.
MINNESOTA: A. D. 1849-1858.
Territorial and State organizations.
Minnesota was organized as a Territory in 1849, and admitted
to the Union as a State in 1858.
----------MINNESOTA: End--------
MINNETAREES, The.
See AMERICAN ABORIGINES: HIDATSA, and SIOUAN FAMILY.
----------MINORCA: Start----------
MINORCA: 13th Century.
Conquest by King James of Aragon.
See SPAIN: A. D. 1212-1238.
{2187}
MINORCA: A. D. 1708.
Acquisition by England.
In 1708, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Port Mahon,
and the whole island of Minorca, were taken by an English
expedition from Barcelona, under General Stanhope, who
afterwards received a title from his conquest, becoming
Viscount Stanhope of Mahon. Port Mahon was then considered the
best harbor in the Mediterranean and its importance to England
was rated above that of Gibraltar.
_Earl Stanhope,
History of England: Reign of Queen Anne,
chapter 10._
See SPAIN: A. D. 1707-1710.
At the Peace of Utrecht Minorca was ceded to Great Britain and
remained under the British flag during the greater part of the
18th century.
See UTRECHT: A. D. 1712-1714.
MINORCA: A. D. 1756.
Taken by the French.
At the outbreak of the Seven Years War, in 1756, there was
great dread in England of an immediate French invasion; and
"the Government so thoroughly lost heart as to request the
King to garrison England with Hanoverian troops. This dread
was kept alive by a simulated collection of French troops in
the north. But, under cover of this threat, a fleet was being
collected at Toulon, with the real design of capturing
Minorca. The ministry were at last roused to this danger, and
Byng was despatched with ten sail of the line to prevent it.
Three days after he set sail the Duke de Richelieu, with
16,000 men, slipped across into the island, and compelled
General Blakeney, who was somewhat old and infirm, to withdraw
into the castle of St. Philip, which was at once besieged. On
the 19th of May—much too late to prevent the landing of
Richelieu—Byng arrived within view of St. Philip, which was
still in the possession of the English. The French Admiral, La
Galissonnière, sailed out to cover the siege, and Byng, who
apparently felt himself unequally matched—although West, his
second in command, behaved with gallantry and success—called
a council of war, and withdrew. Blakeney, who had defended his
position with great bravery, had to surrender. The failure of
Byng, and the general weakness and incapacity of the ministry,
roused the temper of the people to rage; and Newcastle,
trembling for himself, threw all the blame upon the Admiral,
hoping by this means to satisfy the popular cry. … A court
martial held upon that officer had been bound by strict
instructions, and had found itself obliged to bring in a
verdict of guilty, though without casting any imputation on
the personal courage of the Admiral. On his accession to power
Pitt was courageous enough, although he rested on the popular
favour, to do his best to get Byng pardoned, and urged on the
King that the House of Commons seemed to wish the sentence to
be mitigated. The King is said to have answered in words that
fairly describe Pitt's position, 'Sir, you have taught me to
look for the sense of my subjects in another place than the
House of Commons.' The sentence was carried out, and Byng was
shot on the quarter-deck of the 'Monarque' at Portsmouth
(March 14, 1757)."
_J. F. Bright,
History of England,
period 3, pages 1021-1022._
MINORCA: A. D. 1763.
Restored to England by the Treaty of Paris.
See SEVEN YEARS WAR: THE TREATIES.
MINORCA: A. D. 1782.
Captured by the Spaniards.
See ENGLAND: A. D. 1780-1782.
MINORCA: A. D. 1802.
Ceded to Spain by the Treaty of Amiens.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1801-1802.
----------MINORCA: End----------
MINORITES, The.
The Franciscan friars, called by their founder "Fratri
Minori," bore very commonly the name of the Minorites.
See MENDICANT ORDERS.
MINQUAS, The.
See AMERICAN ABORIGINES:
ALGONQUIAN FAMILY, and SUSQUEHANNAS.
MINSIS,
MUNSEES,
MINISINKS.
See AMERICAN ABORIGINES:
ALGONQUIAN FAMILY, and DELAWARES;
and, also, MANHATTAN ISLAND.
MINTO, Lord, The Indian administration of.
See INDIA: A. D. 1805-1816.