See MARCHFELD.
MARSEILLAISE, The.
Origin of the Song.
Its introduction into Paris.
In preparation for the insurrection of August 10, 1792, which
overthrew the French monarchy, and made the Revolution begun
in 1789 complete, the Jacobins had summoned armed bands of
their supporters from an parts of France, ostensibly as
volunteers to join the army on the frontier, but actually and
immediately as a reinforcement for the attack which they had
planned to make on the king at the Tuileries.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1792 (JUNE-AUGUST).
Among the "fédérés" who came was a battalion of 500 from
Marseilles, which arrived at the capital on the 30th of July.
"This battalion has been described by every historian as a
collection of the vagabonds who are always to be found in a
great seaport town, and particularly in one like Marseilles,
where food was cheap and lodging unnecessary. But their
character has lately been vindicated, and it has been shown
that these Marseillais were picked men from the national
guards of Marseilles, like the other fédérés, and contained
the most hardy as well as the most revolutionary men of the
city. …. They left Marseilles 513 strong, with two guns, on
July 2, and had been marching slowly across France, singing
the immortal war song to which they gave their name. … The
'Marseillaise' had in itself no very radical history. On April
24, 1792, just after the declaration of war, the mayor of
Strasbourg, Dietrich, who was himself no advanced republican,
but a constitutionalist, remarked at a great banquet that it
was very sad that all the national war songs of France could
not be sung by her present defenders, because they all treated
of loyalty to the king and not to the nation as well. One of
the guests was a young captain of engineers, Rouget de Lisle,
who had in 1791 composed a successful 'Hymne à la Liberté,'
and Dietrich appealed to him to compose something suitable.
The young man was struck by the notion, and during the night
he was suddenly inspired with both words and air, and on the
following day he sang over to Dietrich's guests the famous
song which was to be the war-song of the French Republic.
Madame Dietrich arranged the air for the orchestra; Rouget de
Lisle dedicated it to Marshal Lückner, as the 'Chant de guerre
pour l'armée du Rhin,' and it at once became popular in
Strasbourg. Neither Dietrich nor Rouget were advanced
republicans. The watchword of the famous song was not 'Sauvons
la République,' but' Sauvons la Patrie.' The air was a taking
one. From Strasbourg it quickly spread over the south of
France, and particularly attracted the patriots of Marseilles.
… There are many legends on the origin of the
'Marseillaise'; the account here followed is that given by
Amedée Rouget de Lisle, the author's nephew, in his 'La verité
sur la paternité de la Marseillaise,' Paris, 1865, which is
confirmed by a letter of Madame Dietrich's, written at the
time, and first published in 'Souvenirs d' Alsace—Rouget de
Lisle à Strasbourg et a Huningue,' by Adolphe Morpain."
_H. M. Stephens,
History of the French Revolution,
volume 2, page 114-115._
A quite different but less trustworthy
version of the story may be found in
_A. de Lamartine
History of the Girondists,
book 16, section 26-30 (volume 1)._
----------MARSEILLES: Start--------
MARSEILLES:
The founding of.
See ASIA MINOR: B. C. 724-539,
and PHOCÆANS.
MARSEILLES: B. C. 49.
Conquest by Cæsar.
See ROME: B. C. 49.
MARSEILLES: 10th Century.
In the kingdom of Aries.
See BURGUNDY: A. D. 843-933.
MARSEILLES: 11th Century.
The Viscounts of.
See BURGUNDY: A. D. 1032.
MARSEILLES: 12th Century.
Prosperity and freedom.
See PROVENCE: A. D. 1179-1207.
MARSEILLES: A. D. 1524.
Unsuccessful siege by the Spaniards and the Constable Bourbon.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1523-1525.
MARSEILLES: A. D. 1792.
The Marseillais sent to Paris, and their war-song.
See MARSEILLAISE.
MARSEILLES: A. D. 1793.
Revolt against the Revolutionary Government at Paris.
Fearful vengeance of the Terrorists.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1793 (JUNE), (JULY-DECEMBER);
and 1793-1794 (OCTOBER-APRIL).
MARSEILLES: A. D. 1795.
Reaction against the Reign of Terror.
The White Terror.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1794-1795 (JULY-APRIL).
----------MARSEILLES: End--------
MARSHAL, The.
See CONSTABLE.
MARSHALL, John,
and the Federal Constitution of the United States.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1787-1789;
and SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.
MARSI, The.
See SAXONS; also, FRANKS.
MARSIAN WAR, The.
See ROME: B. C. 90-88.
MARSIANS, The.
See SABINES;
also, ITALY: ANCIENT.
MARSIGNI, The.
The Marsigni were an ancient German tribe who inhabited "what
is now Galatz, Jagerndorf and part of Silesia."
_Tacitus,
Germany;
Oxford translation, foot-note. _
MARSTON MOOR, Battle of.
See ENGLAND: A. D. 1644 (JANUARY-JULY).
MARTHA'S VINEYARD:
Named by Gosnold.
See AMERICA: A. D. 1602-1605.
MARTIN,
King of Aragon, A. D. 1395-1410;
King of Sicily, A. D. 1409-1410.
Martin I., Pope, 649-655.
Martin I., King of Sicily, 1402-1409.
Martin II. (or Marinus I.), Pope, 882-884.
Martin II., King of Sicily, 1409-1410.
Martin III. (or Marinus II.), Pope, 942-946.
Martin IV., Pope, 1281-1285.
Martin V., Pope, 1417-1431 (elected by the Council of Constance).
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