See SCOTCH HIGHLAND and LOWLAND.
LOWOSITZ, OR LOBOSITZ, Battle of.
See GERMANY: A. D. 1756.
LOYALISTS, American.
See TORIES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
LOYOLA, and the founding of the Order of Jesus.
See JESUITS: A. D. 1540-1556.
----------LUBECK: Start--------
LUBECK:
Origin and rise.
"Near the mouth of the river Trave there had long existed a
small settlement of pirates or fishermen. The convenience of
the harbour had led to this settlement and it had been much
frequented by Christian merchants. The unsettled state of the
country, however, afforded them little security, and it had
been often taken and plundered by the Pagan freebooters. When
Henry acquired the dominion of the soil [Henry the Lion, Duke
of Saxony, who subdued the heathen Wendish tribe of the
Oborites, A. D. 1165, and added their country to his
dominions] he paid particular attention to this infant
establishment, and under the shadow of his power the city of
Lubeck (for so it became) arose on a broad and permanent
basis. He made it … the seat of a bishop; he also
established a mint and a custom-house, and by the grant of a
municipal government, he secured the personal, while he
prepared the way for the political, rights of its burghers.
The ancient name of the harbour was Wisby, and by a
proclamation addressed to the Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, and
Russians, he invited them to frequent it, with an assurance
that the ways should be open and secure by land and water. …
This judicious policy was rewarded by a rapid and large
increase to the wealth and commerce of Lubeck."
_Sir A. Halliday,
Annals of the House of Hanover,
volume 1, pages 229-230._
See, also, HANSA TOWNS.
LUBECK: A. D. 1801-1803.
One of six free cities which survived the Peace of Luneville.
See GERMANY: A. D. 1801-1803.
LUBECK: A. D. 1806.
Battle of French and Prussians.
See GERMANY: A. D. 1806 (OCTOBER).
LUBECK: A. D. 1810.
Annexation to France.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1810 (FEBRUARY-DECEMBER).
LUBECK: A. D. 1810-1815.
Loss and recovery of autonomy as a "free city."
See CITIES, IMPERIAL AND FREE, OF GERMANY;
and VIENNA, CONGRESS OF.
LUBECK: A. D. 1866.
Surrender of free privileges.
Entrance into the Zollverein.
See GERMANY: A. D. 1888.
----------LUBECK: End--------
LUBECK, Treaty of.
See GERMANY: A. D. 1627-1629.
LUCANIANS, The.
See SABINES; also, SAMNITES.
----------LUCCA: Start--------
LUCCA:
The founding of the city.
See MUTINA AND PARMA.
LUCCA: 8th Century.
The seat of Tuscan government.
See TUSCANY: A. D. 685-1115.
LUCCA: A. D. 1248-1278.
In the wars of the Guelfs and Ghibellines.
See FLORENCE: A. D. 1248-1278.
LUCCA: A. D. 1284-1293.
War with Pisa.
See PISA: A. D. 1063-1293.
LUCCA: A. D. 1314-1328.
The brief tyranny of Uguccione della Faggiuola,
and the longer despotism of Castruccio Castracani.
Erected into an imperial duchy.
See ITALY: A. D. 1313-1330.
LUCCA: A. D. 1335-1341.
Acquired by Mastino della Scala of Verona.
Sold to Florence.
Taken by Pisa.
See FLORENCE: A. D. 1341-1343.
LUCCA: A. D. 1805.
Conferred on the sister of Napoleon.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1804-1805.