See MAINE: A. D. 1629-1631; and 1643-1677.
LIGURIAN REPUBLIC, The.
The mediæval republic of Genoa is often referred to as the
Ligurian Republic; but the name was distinctively given by
Napoleon to one of his ephemeral creations in Italy.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1797 (MAY-OCTOBER), and 1804-1805.
LIGURIANS, The.
"The whole of Piedmont in its present extent was inhabited by
the Ligurians: Pavia, under the name of Ticinum, was founded
by a Ligurian tribe, the Lævians. When they pushed forward
their frontier among the Apennines into the Casentino on the
decline of the Etruscans, they probably only recovered what
had before been wrested from them. Among the inhabitants of
Corsica there were Ligurians. … The Ligurians and Iberians
were anciently contiguous; whereas in aftertimes they were
parted by the Gauls. We are told by Scylax, that from the
borders of Iberia, that is, from the Pyrenees, to the Rhone,
the two nations were dwelling intermixed. … But it is far
more probable that the Iberians came from the south of the
Pyrenees into Lower Languedoc, as they did into Aquitaine, and
that the Ligurians were driven back by them. When the Celts,
long after, moving in an opposite direction, reached the shore
of the Mediterranean, they too drove the Ligurians close down
to the coast, and dwelt as the ruling people amongst them, in
the country about Avignon, as is implied by the name
Celto-Ligurians. … Of their place in the family of nations
we are ignorant: we only know that they were neither Iberians
nor Celts."
_G. B. Niebuhr,
History of Rome,
volume 1._
"On the coast of Liguria, the land on each side of the city of
Genoa, a land which was not reckoned Italian in early times,
we find people who seem not to have been Aryan. And these
Ligurians seem to have been part of a race which was spread
through Italy and Sicily before the Aryan settlements, and to
have been akin to the non-Aryan inhabitants of Spain and
southern Gaul, of whom the Basques … remain as a remnant."
_E. A. Freeman,
Historical Geography of Europe,
chapter 3._
ALSO IN:
_I. Taylor,
Origin of the Aryans,
chapter 2, section 7._
See, also, APPENDIX A, VOLUME 1.
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LILLE: A. D. 1583.
Submission to Spain.
See NETHERLANDS: A. D. 1584-1585
LIMITS OF THE UNITED PROVINCES.
LILLE: A. D. 1667.
Taken by the French.
See NETHERLANDS (THE SPANISH PROVINCES): A. D. 1667.
LILLE: A. D. 1668.
Ceded to France.
See NETHERLANDS (HOLLAND): A. D. 1668.
LILLE: A. D. 1708.
Siege and capture by Marlborough and Prince Eugene.
See NETHERLANDS: A. D. 1708-1709.
LILLE: A. D. 1713.
Restoration to France.
See UTRECHT: A. D. 1712-1714.
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LILLEBONNE, Assembly of.
A general assembly of Norman barons convened by Duke William,
A. D. 1066, for the considering of his contemplated invasion
of England.
_E. A. Freeman,
Norman Conquest,
chapter 13, section 3 (volume 3)._