When, as a consequence of the Albigensian wars, the dominions
of the Counts of Toulouse were broken up and absorbed for the
most part in the domain of the French crown, the country which
had been chiefly ravaged in those wars, including Septimania
and much of the old county of Toulouse, acquired the name by
which its language was known—Languedoc. The 'langue d'oc'
was spoken likewise in Provence and in Aquitaine; but it gave
a definite geographical name only to the region between the
Rhone and the Garonne.
See ALBIGENSES: A. D. 1217-1229;
also, PROVENCE: A. D. 1179-1207.
LANNES, Marshal, Campaigns of.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1800-1801 (MAY-FEBRUARY);
GERMANY: A. D. 1806 (OCTOBER);
SPAIN: A. D. 1808 (SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER),
1808-1809 (DECEMBER-MARCH), 1809 (FEBRUARY-JULY);
and GERMANY: A. D. 1809 (JANUARY-JUNE).
LANSDOWNE, Lord, The Indian administration of.
See INDIA: A. D. 1880-1893.
----------LAON: Start--------
LAON:
The last capital of the Carolingian kings.
The rock-lifted castle and stronghold of Laon, situated in the
modern department of Aisne, about 74 miles northeast from
Paris, was the last refuge and capital—sometimes the sole
dominion—of the Carolingian kings, in their final struggle
with the new dynasty sprung from the Dukes of France. The
"King of Laon" and the "King of St. Denis," as the contestants
are sometimes called, disputed with one another for a monarchy
which was small when the sovereignty of the two had been
united in one. In 991 the "King of Laon" was betrayed to his
rival, Hugh Capet, and died in prison. "Laon ceased to be a
capital, and became a quiet country town; the castle, relic of
those days, stood till 1832, when it was rased to the ground."
_G. W. Kitchin,
History of France,
volume 1, book 3, chapter 2._
ALSO IN:
_Sir F. Palgrave,
History of Normandy and England,
book 1, part 2, chapter 4,
parts 1-2 (volume 2)._
See, also,
FRANCE: A. D. 877-987.
LAON: A. D. 1594.
Siege and capture by Henry IV.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1593-1598.
LAON, Battle of.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1814 (JANUARY-MARCH).
----------LAON: End--------
LAPITHÆ, The.
A race which occupied in early times the valley of the Peneus,
in Thessaly; "a race which derived its origin from Almopia in
Macedonia, and was at least very nearly connected with the
Minyans and Æolians of Ephyra."
_C. O. Müller,
History and Antiquity of the Doric Race,
book 1, chapter 1._
LA PLATA, Provinces of.
See ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
LA PUERTA, Battle of (1814).
See COLOMBIAN STATES: A. D. 1810-1821.
LARGS, Battle of.
See SCOTLAND: A. D. 1263.