"A Roman jugerum [of land] was somewhat less than two-thirds
of a statute acre."
_W. Ihne,
History of Rome,
book 2, chapter 7, footnote (volume 1)._
JUGURTHINE WAR, The.
See NUMIDIA: B. C. 118-104.
JULIAN (called The Apostate),
Roman Emperor, A. D. 361-363.
Restorer of Paganism.
See ROME: A. D. 361-363.
JULIAN CALENDAR.
JULIAN ERA.
See CALENDAR, JULIAN.
JULIAN FAMILY, The.
"The Julian Family is that of the dictator Cæsar; his name was
transmitted, by adoption, out of the direct line, but always
within the circle of his kindred, to the five first heads of
the Roman empire; Augustus reigned from the year 30 B. C. to
the year 14 of our era; Tiberius, from 14 to 37 A. D.;
Caligula, from 37 to 41; Claudius, from 41 to 54; Nero, from
54 to 68."
_J. C. L. Sismondi,
Fall of the Roman Empire,
chapter 2._
JULIAN LAW, The.
See ROME: B. C. 90-88.
JULIAN LAWS, The.
"Cæsar [during his year of consulship, B. C. 59, before he
went to Gaul] carried, with the help of the people, the body
of admirable laws which are known to jurists as the 'Leges
Juliæ,' and mark an epoch in Roman history. … There was a
law declaring the inviolability of the persons of magistrates
during their term of authority, reflecting back on the murder
of Saturninus, and touching by implication the killing of
Lentulus and his companions. There was a law for the
punishment of adultery, most disinterestedly singular if the
popular accounts of Cæsar's habits had any grain of truth in
them. There were laws for the protection of the subject from
violence, public or private; and laws disabling persons who
had laid hands illegally on Roman citizens from holding office
in the Commonwealth. There was a law, intended at last to be
effective, to deal with judges who allowed themselves to be
bribed. There were laws against defrauders of the revenue;
laws against debasing the coin; laws against sacrilege; laws
against corrupt State contracts; laws against bribery at
elections. Finally, there was a law, carefully framed, 'De
repetundis.' to exact retribution from pro-consuls or
pro-prætors of the type of Verres, who had plundered the
provinces."
_J. A. Froude,
Cæsar,
chapter 13._
JULIAN LINE, The.
See ROME: A. D. 68-96.