See NO MAN'S LAND (ENGLAND).
JACKSON, ANDREW.
Campaign against the Creek Indians.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A. D. 1813-1814 (AUGUST-APRIL).
JACKSON, ANDREW.
Victory at New Orleans.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1815 (JANUARY).
JACKSON, ANDREW.
Campaign in Florida.
See FLORIDA: A. D. 1816-1818.
JACKSON, ANDREW.
Presidential election and administration.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1828, to 1837.
JACKSON, STONEWALL (General Thomas J.)
At the first Battle of Bull Run.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: A. D. 1861 (JULY: VIRGINIA).
JACKSON, STONEWALL
First campaign in the Shenandoah.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A. D. 1861-1862 (DECEMBER-APRIL: VIRGINIA).
JACKSON, STONEWALL
Second campaign in the Shenandoah.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A. D. 1862 (MAY-JUNE: VIRGINIA).
JACKSON, STONEWALL
Peninsular campaign.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A. D. 1862 (JUNE-JULY: VIRGINIA).
JACKSON, STONEWALL
Last flank movement.
Death.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A. D. 1863 (APRIL-MAY: VIRGINIA).
JACKSON, Mississippi: A. D. 1863.
Capture and recapture by the Union forces.
Sack and ruin.
See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
A. D. 1863 (APRIL-JULY: ON THE MISSISSIPPI);
and (JULY: MISSISSIPPI).
JACOBIN CLUBS.
JACOBINS, The.
See FRANCE: A. D. 1790, to 1794-1795 (JULY-APRIL).
JACOBITE CHURCH, The.
The great religious dispute of the 5th century, concerning the
single or the double nature of Christ, as God and as man,
left, in the end, two extreme parties, the Monophysites and
the Nestorians, exposed alike to the persecutions of the
orthodox church, as established in its faith by the Council of
Chalcedon, by the Roman Pope and by the emperors Justin and
Justinian. The Monophysite party, strongest in Syria, was
threatened with extinction; but a monk named James, or
Jacobus, Baradæus—"Al Baradai," "the man in rags,"—imparted
new life to it by his zeal and activity, and its members
acquired from him the name of Jacobites. Amida (now Diarbekir)
on the Tigris became the seat of the Jacobite patriarchs and
remains so to this day. Abulpharagius, the oriental historian
of the 13th century, was their most distinguished scholar, and
held the office of Mafrian or vice-patriarch, so to speak, of
the East. Their communities are mostly confined at present to
the region of the Euphrates and the Tigris, and number less
than 200,000 souls.
_H. F. Tozer,
The Church and the Eastern Empire,
chapter 5._
See NESTORIAN AND MONOPHYSITE CONTROVERSY.