Suggestions to Emigrants--Canal, Steamboat and Stage Routes--Other Modes
of Travel--Expenses--Roads, Distances, &c. &c.
In the concluding chapter to this GUIDE, it is proposed to give
such information as is always desirable to emigrants upon removing, or
travelling for any purpose, to the West.
1. Persons in moderate circumstances, or who would save time and
expense, need not make a visit to the West, to ascertain particulars
previous to removal. A few general facts, easily collected from a
hundred sources, will enable persons to decide the great question
whether they will emigrate to the Valley. By the same means, emigrants
may determine to what State, and to what part of that State, their
course shall be directed. There are many things that a person of plain,
common sense will take for granted without inquiry,--such as facilities
for obtaining all the necessaries of life; the readiness with which
property of any description may be obtained for a fair value, and
especially farms and wild land; that they can live where hundreds of
thousands of others of similar habits and feelings live; and above all,
they should take it for granted, that there are difficulties to be
encountered in every country, and in all business,--that these
difficulties can be surmounted with reasonable effort, patience and
perseverance, and that in every country, people sicken and die.
2. Having decided to what State and part of the State an emigrant will
remove, let him then conclude to take as little furniture and other
luggage as he can do with, especially if he comes by public conveyances.
Those who reside within convenient distance of a sea port, would find it
both safe and economical to ship by New Orleans, in boxes, such articles
as are not wanted on the road, especially if they steer for the
navigable waters of the Mississippi. Bed and other clothing, books, &c.,
packed in boxes, like merchants' goods, will go much safer and cheaper
by New Orleans, than by any of the inland routes. I have received more
than one hundred packages and boxes, from eastern ports, by that route,
within 20 years, and never lost one. Boxes should be marked to the owner
or his agent at the river port where destined, and to the charge of some
forwarding house in New Orleans. The freight and charges may be paid
when the boxes are received.
3. If a person designs to remove to the north part of Ohio, and Indiana,
to Chicago and vicinity, or to Michigan, or Greenbay, his course would
be by the New York canal, and the lakes. The following table, showing
the time of the opening of the canal at Albany and Buffalo, and the
opening of the lake, from 1827 to 1835, is from a report of a committee
at Buffalo to the common council of that city. It will be of use to
those who wish to take the northern route in the spring.
------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
| Canal opened at | Canal opened at | Lake Erie opened
Year. | Buffalo. | Albany. | at Buffalo.
------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------
1827 | April 21 | April 21 | April 21
1828 | " 1 | " 1 | " 1
1829 | " 25 | " 29 | May 10
1830 | " 15 | " 20 | April 6
1831 | " 16 | " 16 | May 8
1832 | " 18 | " 25 | April 27
1833 | " 22 | " 22 | " 23
1834 | " 16 | " 17 | " 6
1835 | " 15 | " 15 | May 8
The same route will carry emigrants to Cleveland and by the Ohio canal
to Columbus, or to the Ohio river at Portsmouth, from whence by
steamboat, direct communications will offer to any river port in the
Western States. From Buffalo, steamboats run constantly, (when the lake
is open,) to Detroit, stopping at Erie, Ashtabula, Cleveland, Sandusky
and many other ports from whence stages run to every prominent town.
Transportation wagons are employed in forwarding goods.
SCHEDULE FROM BUFFALO TO DETROIT BY WATER.
Miles.
Dunkirk, N. Y., 39
Portland, " 18-57
Erie, Pa., 35-92
Ashtabula, Ohio, 39-131
Fairport, " 32-163
Cleveland, Ohio, 30-193
Sandusky, " 54-247
Amherstburg, N. C. 52-299
Detroit, Mich., 18-317
_From thence to Chicago, Illinois._
Miles.
St. Clair River, Michigan, 40
Palmer, 17-57
Fort Gratiot, 14-71
White Rock, 40-111
Thunder Island, 70-181
Middle Island, 25-206
Presque Isle, 65-271
Mackinaw, 58-329
Isle Brule, 75-404
Fort Howard, W. Territory, 100-504
Milwaukee, W. T. 310-814
Chicago, Ill., 90-904
_From Cleveland to Portsmouth, via. Ohio canal._
Miles.
Cuyahoga Aqueduct, 22
Old Portage, 12-34
Akron, 4-38
New Portage, 5-43
Clinton, 11-54
Massillon, 11-65
Bethlehem, 6-71
Bolivar, 8-79
Zoar, 3-82
Dover, 7-89
New Philadelphia, 4-93
New-Comers' Town, 22-115
Coshocton, 17-132
Irville, 26-158
Newark, 13-171
Hebron, 10-181
Licking Summit, 5-186
Lancaster Canaan, 11-197
Columbus, side cut, 18-215
Bloomfield, 8-223
Circleville, 9-232
Chillicothe, 23-255
Piketon, 25-280
Lucasville, 14-294
Portsmouth, (Ohio river,) 13-307
The most expeditious, pleasant and direct route for travellers to the
southern parts of Ohio and Indiana; to the Illinois river, as far north
as Peoria; to the Upper Mississippi, as Quincy, Rock Island, Galena and
Prairie du Chien; to Missouri; and to Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas,
Natches and New Orleans is one of the southern routes. There are, 1st,
from Philadelphia to Pittsburg by rail-roads and the Pennsylvania canal;
2nd, by Baltimore,--the Baltimore and Ohio rail-road,--and stages to
Wheeling; or, 3dly, for people living to the south of Washington, by
stage, via Charlottesville, Va., Staunton, the hot, warm, and white
sulphur springs, Lewisburg, Charlestown, to Guyandotte, from whence a
regular line of steamboats run 3 times a week to Cincinnati.
Intermediate routes from Washington city to Wheeling; or to Harper's
ferry, to Fredericksburg, and intersect the route through Virginia at
Charlottesville.
_From Philadelphia to Pittsburg, via rail-road
and canal._
Miles.
Columbia on the Susquehanna
river by
rail-road, daily, 81
By canal packets to
Bainbridge, 11-92
Middletown, 17-109
Harrisburg, 10-119
Juniata river, 15-134
Millerstown, 17-151
Mifflin, 17-168
Lewistown, 13-171
Waynesburg, 14-195
Hamiltonville, 11-206
Huntingdon, 7-213
Petersburg, 8-221
Alexandria, 23-244
Frankstown and
Hollidaysburgh, 3-247
From thence by
rail-road across
the mountain to
Johnstown is 38-285
By canal to Blairsville, 35-320
Saltzburg, 18-338
Warren, 12-350
Alleghany river, 16-366
PITTSBURG, 28-394
The _Pioneer_ line on this route is exclusively for passengers, and
professes to reach Pittsburg in _four_ days--but is sometimes behind
several hours. Fare through, $10. Passengers pay for meals.
_Leech's line_, called "_the Western Transportation line_," takes both
freight and passengers. The packet boats advertise to go through to
Pittsburg in _five_ days for $7.
Midship and steerage passengers in the transportation line in six and a
half days; merchandize delivered in 8 days. Generally, however, there is
some delay. Emigrants must not expect to carry more than a small trunk
or two on the packet lines. Those who take goods or furniture, and
expect to keep with it, had better take the transportation lines with
more delay. The price of meals on the boats is about 37-1/2 cents.
On all the _steamboats_ on the Western waters, no additional charge is
made to cabin passengers for meals,--and the tables are usually
profusely supplied. Strict order is observed, and the waiters and
officers are attentive.
_Steamboat route from Pittsburg to the mouth
of Ohio._
Miles.
Middletown, Pa. 11
Economy, " 8-19
Beaver, " 10-29
Georgetown, " 13-42
Steubenville, Ohio, 27-69
Wellsburgh, Va., 7-76
Warren, Ohio, 6-82
_Wheeling_, Va., 10-92
Elizabethtown, " 11-103
Sistersville, " 34-137
Newport, Ohio, 27-164
_Marietta_, Ohio 14-178
Parkersburgh, Va., 11-189
Belpre, and Blennerhassett's
Isl'd, O., 4-193
Troy, Ohio, 10-203
Belleville, Va., 7-210
Letart's Rapids, Va., 37-247
Point Pleasant, " 27-274
Gallipolis, Ohio, 4-278
_Guyandot_, Va., 27-305
Burlington, Ohio, 10-315
Greensburg, Ky., 19-334
Concord, Ohio, 12-346
_Portsmouth_, (Ohio, canal,) 7-353
Vanceburg, Ky., 20-373
Manchester, Ohio, 16-389
_Maysville_, Ky., 11-400
Charleston, " 4-404
Ripley, Ohio, 6-410
Augusta, Ky., 8-418
Neville, Ohio, 7-425
Moscow, " 7-432
Point Pleasant, Ohio 4-436
New Richmond, " 7-443
Columbia, " 15-458
Fulton, " 6-464
CINCINNATI, Ohio 2-466
North Bend, " 15-481
Lawrenceburgh, Ia., and mouth
of the Miami, 8-489
Aurora, Ia., 2-491
Petersburg, Ky., 2-493
Bellevue, " 8-501
Rising Sun, Ia., 2-503
Fredericksburgh, Ky., 18-521
Vevay, Ia., and Ghent, Ky., 11-532
Port William, Ky., 8-540
Madison, In., 15-555
New London, In., 12-567
Bethlehem, " 8-575
Westport, Ky., 7-582
Transylvania, Ky., 15-597
LOUISVILLE, Ky., 12-609
Shippingsport thro' the canal, 2-1/2-611-1/2
New Albany, In., 1-1/2-613
Salt River, Ky., 23-636
Northampton, Ia., 18-654
Leavenworth, " 17-671
Fredonia, " 2-673
Rome, In., 32-705
Troy, " 25-730
Rockport, In., 16-746
Owenburgh, Ky., 12-758
_Evansville_, Ia., 36-794
Henderson, Ky., 12-806
Mount Vernon, Ia., 28-834
Carthage, Ky., 12-846
Wabash River, Ky., 7-853
Shawneetown, Ill., 11-864
Mouth of Saline, Ill., 12-876
Cave in Rock, " 10-886
Golconda, " 19-905
_Smithland_, mouth of the
Cumberland River, Ky., 10-915
_Paducah_, mouth of the
Tennessee River, Ky., 13-928
Caledonia, Ill., 31-959
Trinity, mouth of Cash River, Ill., 10-969
MOUTH OF THE OHIO RIVER, 6-975
Persons who wish to visit Indianopolis will stop at Madison, Ia., and
take the stage conveyance. From Louisville, via Vincennes, to St. Louis
by stage, every alternate day, 273 miles, through in three days and
half. Fare $17. Stages run from Vincennes to Terre Haute and other towns
up the Wabash river. At _Evansville_, Ia., stage lines are connected
with Vincennes and Terre Haute; and at _Shawneetown_ twice a week to
Carlyle, Ill., where it intersects the line from Louisville to St.
Louis. From Louisville to Nashville by steamboats, passengers land at
Smithland at the mouth of Cumberland river, unless they embark direct
for Nashville.
In the _winter_ both stage and steamboat lines are uncertain and
irregular. Ice in the rivers frequently obstructs navigation, and high
waters and bad roads sometimes prevent stages from running regularly.
Farmers who remove to the West from the Northern and Middle States, will
find it advantageous in many instances to remove with their own teams
and wagons. These they will need on their arrival. Autumn, or from
September till November, is the favorable season for this mode of
emigration. The roads are then in good order, the weather usually
favorable, and feed plenty. People of all classes from the States south
of the Ohio river, remove with large wagons, carry and cook their own
provisions, purchase their feed by the bushel, and invariably _encamp
out at night_.
Individuals who wish to travel through the interior of Michigan,
Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, &c., will find that the most convenient,
sure, economical and independent mode is on horseback. Their expenses
will be from 75 cents to $1.50 per day, and they can always consult
their own convenience and pleasure as to time and place.
Stage fare is usually 6 cents per mile in the West. Meals at stage
houses, 37-1/2 cents.
_Steamboat fare, including meals._
From Pittsburg to Cincinnati, $10
" Cincinnati to Louisville, 4
" Louisville to St. Louis, 12
And frequently the same from Cincinnati to St. Louis;--varying a little,
however.
A _deck_ passage, as it is called, may be rated as follows:
From Pittsburg to Cincinnati, $3
" Cincinnati to Louisville, 1
" Louisville to St. Louis, 4
The _deck_ for such passengers is usually in the midship, forward the
engine, and is protected from the weather. Passengers furnish their own
provisions and bedding. They often take their meals at the cabin table,
with the boat hands, and pay 25 cents a meal. Thousands pass up and down
the rivers as deck passengers, especially emigrating families, who have
their bedding, provisions, and cooking utensils on board.
The whole expense of a single person from New York to St. Louis, via.
Philadelphia and Pittsburg, with cabin passage on the river, will range
between $40 and $45. Time from 12 to 15 days.
Taking the transportation lines on the Pennsylvania canal, and a deck
passage on the steamboat, and the expenses will range between 20 and
$25, supposing the person buys his meals at 25 cents, and eats twice a
day. If he carry his own provisions, the passage, &c., will be from 15
to $18.
The following is from an advertisement of the _Western Transportation,
or Leech's Line, from Philadelphia_:
Miles. Days.
Fare to Pittsburg, 400 6-1/2 $6.00
" " Cincinnati, 900 8-1/2 8.50
" " Louisville, 1050 9-1/2 9.00
" " Nashville, 1650 13-1/2 13.00
" " St. Louis, 1750 14 13.00
The above does not include meals.
_Packet Boats for Cabin Passengers, same line._
Miles. Days.
Fare to Pittsburg, 400 5 $7
" " Cincinnati, 900 8 17
" " Louisville, 1050 9 19
" " Nashville, 1650 13 27
" " St. Louis, 1750 13 27
Emigrants and travellers will find it to their interest always to be a
little sceptical relative to the statements of stage, steam and canal
boat agents, to make some allowance in their own calculations for
delays, difficulties and expenses, and above all, to _feel_ perfectly
patient and in good humor with themselves, the officers, company, and
the world, even if they do not move quite as rapid, and fare quite as
well as they desire.
ERRATA.
Page 40, 8th line from the bottom, for _Tau-mar-wans_, read
Tau-mar-waus.
41. For _Milwankee_, read Milwaukee.
" For _Fonti_, read Tonti.
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+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber's Note: |
| |
| Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the |
| original document have been preserved. |
| |
| Errata mentioned on Page 374 have been |
| corrected in the text. |
| |
| Typographical errors corrected in the text: |
| |
| Page vii hut changed to but |
| Page x Mitchel's changed to Mitchell's |
| Page 25 steril changed to sterile |
| Page 31 Wos-sosh-e changed to Wos-sosh-ee |
| Page 35 chesnut changed to chestnut |
| Page 36 persimon changed to persimmon |
| Page 36 paupau changed to pawpaw |
| Page 36 pecaun changed to pecan |
| Page 38 turkies changed to turkeys |
| Page 44 steril changed to sterile |
| Page 48 harrassed changed to harassed |
| Page 61 Farenheit changed to Fahrenheit |
| Page 70 Chein chanaged to Chien |
| Page 75 occacasionally changed to occasionally |
| Page 100 journies changed to journeys |
| Page 114 Poineer chainged to Pioneer |
| Page 135 Saginau changed to Saginaw |
| Page 137 territoriesr changed to territories |
| Page 138 Chilicothe changed to Chillicothe |
| Page 138 Miueral changed to Mineral |
| Page 139 Chilicothe changed to Chillicothe |
| Page 156 Punchas changed to Puncahs |
| Page 162 Fonti's changed to Tonti's |
| Page 175 artizans changed to artisans |
| Page 207 it changed to its |
| Page 211 Considerble changed to Considerable |
| Page 223 Bowlinggreen changed to Bowling Green |
| Page 231 Missisinewa changed to Missisinawa |
| Page 237 Missasinawa changed to Missisinawa |
| Page 262 pecaun changed to pecan |
| Page 273 pecaun changed to pecan |
| Page 279 gophars changed to gophers |
| Page 280 gophar changed to gopher |
| Page 290 Macoupin changed to Macoupen |
| Page 304 attornies changed to attorneys |
| Page 337 Lorrain changed to Lorain |
| Page 339 circumstanses changed to circumstances |
| Page 360 accomodation changed to accommodation |
| Page 367 Masillon changed to Massillon |
| Page 368 Charlottsville changed to Charlottesville |
| Page 368 Guiandotte changed to Guyandotte |
| Page 368 Juniatta changed to Juniata |
| Page 368 Holladaysburgh changed to Hollidaysburgh |
| Page 377 Guaging changed to Gauging |
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