We took up our ground on the left bank of the Chippawa, in the hope that
we would be attacked in that strong position; but nothing was further
from the intention of the enemy than such a flagrant absurdity. They,
from time to time, sent small parties to look at us; and there was some
very distant skirmishing, which proved very harmless amusement; but they
withdrew at last, and we were ordered into winter quarters.
Our regiment, with the 100th, took up their quarters at Queenston, where
we were soon strengthened by the recovered wounded and sick from the
different hospitals. We were particularly happy in a commanding officer.
The then young and handsome Marquis of Tweeddale, who was Lieutenant
Colonel of the 100th, commanded our brigade: he had been educated in a
good school, under the "Great Duke;" and, like his master, with an
unceasing regard to the essentials of the service, he had a most
sovereign contempt for those adventitious parts of it, which weaker
minds are apt to consider as of the highest importance. Should his
lordship, in the present high and responsible situation which he
occupies, have an opportunity of displaying his talents, I am much
deceived if he will not add one more to the numerous band of soldiers
who have raised their own and their country's name in the fields of
Hindostan; therefore, God send him a good _war_! I have no great faith
in him as a politician: he is too honest a man!
But whatever he may be, as a soldier or a statesman, he was a wretched
bad patient; for he was wounded, in a way that I had every fear would
result in a permanent lameness; and nothing could save him but rest. I
recommended him, therefore, to spend most of his time on a bed--for
sofas were rather scarce in Queenston at that time;--but he persisted in
riding a pony, with a crutch over his shoulder. Whether his mode of
management has induced lameness or not, I do not know, for I have never
seen him since; but if he is lame, it is no fault of mine.
Queenston, though in ruins, having, like all the rest of the frontier,
been wantonly destroyed by the enemy, was then, as it is now, a very
prettily-situated village; and the rest our men obtained, after their
severe fatigues, began to have a most salutary effect upon them, so, as
my senior colleague had recovered to such an extent as to attend to the
diminished duties of the regimental hospital there, I was despatched to
York--now Toronto--to take charge of about thirty of my own men, who
were in general hospital in that garrison.
Toronto was then a dirty straggling village, containing about sixty
houses. The church--the only one--was converted into a general hospital,
and I formed my lodge in the wing of the Parliament buildings, which had
escaped, when the Americans had burnt the rest of that fabric.
Our accommodations were comfortable, by comparison with what we had
lately been obliged to put up with. At all events, we had a tight roof
over our heads, a clean floor under our feet, and the means of fire
enough to keep us warm; and a soldier who is not content with this, on a
campaign, deserves to want. My own regiment soon came down to form a
part of the garrison of Toronto; and there I remained till the month of
December, 1814.
At this time, it was proposed to build a large ship on Lake Huron--we
having then so many on Lake Erie--that would be able, from her size, and
the weight of her metal, to cope with the small vessels that composed
the American flotilla on Lake Erie. As there is a channel through Lake
Saint Clair, and the Rivers Detroit and Saint Clair, by which she could
pass from the one lake into the other, an inlet, called Penetanguishene,
was selected as the proper site of a new dock-yard, and a better sight
could hardly have been selected, in this, or any other, part of the
world. It was a narrow-mouthed, deep bay, with plenty of water for any
size of craft, and a fine bold shore, easily defensible against any
ships that could approach; but unluckily, at this time, Penetanguishene
was in the woods, thirty miles from Lake Simcoe; and before a ship of
the line could be built, a road must be cut, and stones broke along it.
This, at mid-winter, in one of the northernmost points of Canada, was no
easy matter. But when Government, in the time of war, determine on a
measure, the word impossible, as we used to say in the army, is not to
be found in Dundas--and done it must be.
Accordingly, in the early part of December, I volunteered my services,
and, as nobody else envied the job, they were accepted; and a company of
the Canadian Fencibles, with about the same number of militia, under the
direction of Colonel Cockburn, of the Quarter Master General's
Department, was despatched up to the north, with instructions to have
the road cut at all hazards.
When we arrived on the banks of Lake Simcoe, we found it just in such a
state that it could not possibly be crossed; for the ice was formed, so
that a boat could not get through it, but not strong enough to bear a
man's weight. But, as there was a keen frost, we knew that this obstacle
would soon be overcome; so we took up our quarters in farm-houses along
the margin of the lake.
In two days it was considered practicable to cross, and I volunteered to
try it. I equipped myself with a long pole, with a chisel at the end of
it, to try the ice with, and an axe slung across my shoulder, and skated
across, about twelve miles.
The ice, though not very thick, was good, and quite sufficient to bear
men at extended order; so, on my return, I reported it practicable. Next
morning the men were drawn out at the point at which it was considered
the most eligible for getting on the ice; but the moment we were ready
to start, a noise, like that of very loud thunder, was heard, which ran
round the lake, and across it; and, in an inconceivably short time, the
whole ice was broken into fragments, some of some acres in extent,
others of only a few yards. What the cause of this phenomenon could be,
I never could form even a probable conjecture of, for there was no
visible rise or fall of the water; but I was told, by the inhabitants of
the neighborhood, that they had more than once seen the same thing
before.
The question now arose what was to be done next? The country people
recommended that we should wait till next day, when not only would the
broken ice be re-united, but the water which had risen upon it would be
frozen into one solid mass, rendering the whole twice as strong as on
the day previous, when I had passed it.
All this was undeniable, but the season was so far advanced, and heavy
snow storms might be expected, so that even one day was of consequence.
After due deliberation, it was resolved, that having a coil of rope with
us, it should be stretched along, and each take hold of it, and drag his
hand sleigh, on which was his knapsack and provisions, as well as divers
tools, implements, and stores, requisite for the expedition. In this
guise we proceeded across the lake; the disasters were numerous but none
of them serious. A fellow in stepping on a fracture of ice in the shape
of the letter V, would plump in and then be dragged out again by his
comrades, amidst shouts of laughter. In this mode we progressed for
upwards of six hours, until we reached the opposite side, where a huge
pile of logs was kindled; a space swept clear of snow, and we sat down
to a late dinner. As the night appeared clear, we scattered some hemlock
boughs, and raised a few of them to keep us from the wind, but upon
learning that the militia, who, being from the neighborhood, had got
over three weeks before us, had left a regular shanty, within a mile, we
broke up our camp, and, deep as the snow was, and late the hour, we
proceeded till we arrived at the spot, where trees were cut down, a fire
lighted, and we betook ourselves to rest; our previous fatigue securing
us from any apprehension of a sleepless night.
Next day we started along the road the militia had cut, and in two hours
came up with them. As they were sufficiently numerous for one party, it
was resolved that we should get on some miles in advance of them, and
commence further up the line. The snow was about three feet deep, and
made the marching, heavy-laden as we were, toilsome; but like Columbus'
egg, everything is comparatively easy when people know how to go about
it. One mode of proceeding was this: six or seven men led on snow shoes
in Indian file, taking care to tread down the snow equally; then
followed the column, also in Indian file. At about every thirty yards,
the leader of the column stepped aside, and letting the rest pass him,
fell into the rear. By this means, after the fatigue of first breaking
the snow, he could march on a beaten path, and thus, alternating labor
and rest, the thing was comparatively easy. By sun-set we had made about
five miles beyond the militia camp, and it was counted, considering the
road, a very fair day's journey.
It would be tiresome to detail (even if at this distance of time I was
able to do so), the journal of a three months' residence in the woods,
one day being an exact counterpart of another. I shall, therefore, only
mention the mode in which we got on.
Our first care, on coming to our ground, was to shovel away the snow,
which latterly was six feet deep; we then cut down as many bass-wood
trees (a species of the pine), as we required, and then proceeded to
erect our shanty, (_chantié_). This was done by fixing four forked
sticks in the ground, the higher in front, from which we constructed our
roof. The bass-wood bark was peeled and placed upon the roof, one layer
lying in the trough of the other, after the manner of a tile. The trees
were then split into rough boards, which formed the back and sides of
the mansion, the front being open. The snow was then shovelled up so as
to render all secure. Hemlock boughs were then strewed on the frozen
ground, and blankets and buffalo skins over that. In front was a long
fire, composed of six large logs, three at the bottom, two upon these,
and one on the top, on the principle on which shot is piled in a
battery; in front, and within a yard of the fire, was placed a log to
prevent our feet being scorched by the intense heat, and if, during the
night, our feet got cold, we had only to place our heels on the top of
the log, and in a few seconds they were often more than comfortably
warm.
Two shanties were always placed opposite each other, and this had a
double advantage; they sheltered the wind from each other, and one fire
did for both. In the case of the officers of the party, their servants
occupied the opposite one, so they were always within call.
The labor of cutting the road in deep snow was great, and the expense
proportionately enormous. Our provisions had to be carried in on men's
backs, for the snow had not been broken in time enough to admit of
horses or even oxen, so that one half of our men were employed in
carrying, or, as it is technically termed, _packing_ provisions for the
other. The want of oxen produced another enormous source of expenditure;
when a log was cut it had to be drawn by drag ropes out of the way, and
thirty men could not perform, in the deep snow, what a yoke of oxen
could easily have performed in light snow or none at all. When the snow
got very deep, too, we had, before felling a tree, to dig a pit round it
of sufficient diameter to allow a man to stand in it and swing his axe.
The expense of a war surprises John Bull, and he only grumbles; were he
to enquire into the causes, it is to be hoped he would be shy of so
expensive an amusement, where after all he does not get his fun for his
money. I would undertake to-morrow to cut a better road than we could
possibly do, for forty pounds a mile, and make money by it,--give me
timely warning and a proper season of the year, whereas I am convinced
that £2,500 to £3,000 did not pay for the one we cut.
Our amusements consisted in shooting partridges and snaring the Canadian
hare, which, as it comes out of its hiding place chiefly at night, can
only be apprehended, as the game laws style it, in that manner. The mode
of so doing, being caused by the necessities of the country, is worthy
of remark. These animals inhabit the swamps, and make roads through the
snow for the purpose of coming out to where they can browse. In these
roads a spring is set, by bending down a young sapling, and two pegs are
driven into the ground on each side of the path, and notches are cut, in
which a yoke is neatly set, from which the noose hangs down, much on the
principle of a mole trap. The hare jerking the wire, relieves the yoke,
and the sapling resumes its erect position, carrying the hare eight or
ten feet above the surface of the snow, and this secures him from
becoming the prey of the wolf or the fox, who, if he was within their
reach, would inevitably secure him before his legitimate captor arrived
in the morning.
In this manner passed the winter, monotonously enough it must be owned,
but as we had full employment we had no time to weary. When we were
about six or seven miles from the end of our task, I started along the
line to view the harbour. In Canada, the line is marked through the
forest by what is termed a Surveyor's _blaze_, (a corruption of the
French _balise_,) seeing that boughs are stuck in the snow to guide
travellers. The blaze consists in marking the trees on the line of the
road with an axe, and except to a practised eye, it is easily lost. I
had proceeded along it some miles, when a covey of partridges crossed my
path; I immediately followed them, and after shooting several and losing
sight of the rest, I took off in the direction in which I thought I
should again cross the blaze. All my efforts to find it, however, were
unavailing, and as the sun was fast declining, I had no other shift than
to go back on my own steps in the snow. I had every motive to exertion,
and about sun-set I found myself about a mile and a quarter from the
camp; but it soon grew so dark that I could trace my way no further. I
therefore halted, and having beat a path of about twenty yards in length
in the snow, I walked backward and forward, determined to keep moving
all night. This resolution I kept for some hours, I believe, but at last
I got so sleepy that I could persevere no longer, besides I felt that
stupor coming over me which makes men indifferent as to their fate. I
therefore determined to use my remaining energies in giving myself every
chance of life that circumstances would admit of.
I took off my snow shoes, and poured a quantity of rum into my
moccasins; I buttoned my jacket, secured my fur cap about my ears, drew
on my fur gloves, and calling a little dog I had with me, and laying my
hands over my face, I made him lie on the top of all.
I slept most intensely sound, nor did I awake till the morning sun was
at least an hour high. After two or three attempts I managed to rise; my
feet were frozen, and one of my hands slightly so, but both were so
benumbed that I could not fasten on my snow shoes; I therefore had to
stick my toes in the holes of them, and shuffle along as best I could.
It had snowed about four inches during the night, which was all in my
favor. I managed to scramble on towards the camp, but could not manage
more than quarter of a mile an hour. On my arrival there, some old
French Canadians undertook the medical treatment of my case. They
stripped off my moccasins and stockings, and commenced rubbing my feet
with snow. If there was any pain in being frozen I was insensible to it,
but of all the tortures this world can devise, the resuscitation was the
worst I ever experienced. It was that abominable sensation called
tingling, in an extreme degree, to such an extent, indeed, that it more
than once produced fainting, which unpleasant symptom they combated by
pouring down my throat a tin cup full of rum. When the pain abated, they
enveloped my feet in poultices of boiled beech leaves, which they
conceive "the sovereignest thing in life" in such cases.
I was confined to my bed for three weeks, and then was only able to go
abroad by swathing my feet in numerous folds of blanket. In a few weeks
more I was as well as ever. The poor little dog, Moses, the companion of
my sufferings, was not so fortunate. He reached the camp with
difficulty, and died the next day.
I thought at the time and since, that this was the only instance of a
white man sleeping out in a Canadian winter night, without fire or
covering of any kind, but whatever it might have been then, we have had
an instance here of a Canadian French woman, who slept out under similar
circumstances two consecutive nights this winter. She, however, did not
get off so cheap as I did, for she has been confined to bed for four
months and lost both her feet, and from the extent of the injury it is
probable she will be some months yet before she is out of the doctor's
hands.
It might be supposed that this kind of life would generate disease, but
the very reverse was the case. In this, as well as all my other doings
in the woods, I have always found that where it is possible to take
proper care of the man, and not expose them to wet, they are more
healthy than in quarters. It is only on military duty, or with men who
cannot or will not take care of themselves, that disease takes place. I
have slept in the woods more than a year, at one time and another, in
the course of my life, and with the foregoing provisos, never was better
in health or spirits under any circumstances. Except casualties such as
cutting feet, (a very common accident, even among experienced choppers,)
and bruises from falling trees, I had not a single case worth noticing
on this expedition. I ascribe this mainly to the beneficial effects of
the open air on the constitution, a cause which, however much has been
said about it, seems yet not to be practically understood by the
generality of mankind. Things went on pretty much the same till we had
nearly completed our business; no labour had been spared in perfecting
our work. Bridges had been thrown across streams in the depth of winter,
when officers and men had to stand for hours up the middle in ice-cold
water: ravines had to be bridged when the logs had to be dragged out of
swamps through four feet of snow. The month of March was far advanced
when we promised ourselves a pleasant summer in the comfortable quarters
that we meant to build for ourselves at Penetanguishene, when all our
anticipations were set aside by the arrival of the appalling
intelligence that peace had been concluded between His Majesty and the
United States. This showed us half pay staring us in the face; however,
soldiers have nothing to do but obey--we were withdrawn--all the
expenditure incurred went for nothing; we were marched to Toronto, (then
York,) and sent to join our respective regiments.
My regiment had marched down the country on its way to embark for
England; I followed it, and after remaining for two months at Sorel,
embarked in June, 1815, to go to Waterloo, but so many unnecessary
delays had taken place, that though we did not sail till the sixth of
June, we might quite as well have left Quebec on the sixth May, in which
case we should unquestionably have figured in the greatest action of
modern times, and his grace, the great Duke, would have been none the
worse of from 15,000 to 20,000 of his veteran troops on whom he could
depend. It was fated otherwise, however; thank God he managed to do
without us. We heard of his victory at sea, and a frigate was sent out
to order us to Portsmouth instead of Antwerp. We were some of us sent to
augment the Army of Occupation in France, others to various quarters at
home, where, after spending eighteen months to my own great
satisfaction, but of which a narration might not interest my readers, I
was placed on half-pay, and as I only propose to treat of Canada, I
shall leave in oblivion the memorabilia of the next eleven and a half
years, and in my next chapter take up Canada as I found it in 1826.
INDEX
INDEX
Alexander, Sir J. E., 62.
America, 6, 8, 21.
American, 6, 15, 32, 36, 54, 67, 75, 90.
American Army, 9, 18, 41, 51.
American Commander, 18.
American Engineers, 79.
American Newspapers, 17.
American Officer, 78.
American Piquet, 73.
American Regulars, 17.
American Revolution, 8.
American Rifleman, 70.
American Sentries, 69.
American Teutonic Race, 21.
American U. E. Loyalists, 70.
Americans, 18, 19, 22, 23, 71, 90.
Antwerp, 101.
Army of Occupation in France, 101.
Asiatic, 78.
Atlantic, 32.
Bardolph, 29.
Baron of Bradwardine, 8.
Batavian, 21, 24.
Battle of the Falls, 81, 87.
Bay of Bengal, 6.
Bay of Biscay, 6.
Bengal, 31.
Blackwood's Magazine, 3.
British, 22, 36.
British Army, 9, 59, 70.
British Crown, 21.
British North America, 47.
British Subject, 23.
Britishers, 35.
Brockville, 28.
Brotherton, 86.
Buffalo, 58.
Butler's Barracks, 53, 55.
Butler's Rangers, 53.
Byron, 3, 27.
Caesar-like, 5.
Canada, 1, 4, 9, 10, 14, 19, 21, 35, 44, 53, 62, 63, 72, 91, 97, 101.
Canadas, 10, 15.
Canadian, 10, 63, 96, 99.
Canadian Fencibles, 42, 91.
Canadian French Woman, 99.
Canadian Militia, 61.
Cape of Good Hope, 6, 9, 21, 86.
Catharine, 47.
Catholic, 32.
Catholics, 32.
Cavalry of Tarlton's Legion, 9.
Celtic Moonshee, 31.
Chelsea Pension, 26.
Chinsurhae, 21.
Chippawa, 56, 58, 87, 88.
Chrysler's Farm, 18, 21.
Clyde, 56.
Cobus, 24.
Cockburn, Colonel, 91.
Cockneys of London, 27.
Convan, Major General, 53.
Corbett, Mrs. Boyle, 58.
Cork, 35.
Cornwall, 19, 30, 36, 41.
Court of St. James, 47.
Court of St. Petersburg, 47.
Court of the Chateau, St. Louis, 47.
Covington, General, 18.
Drummond, Lieutenant Colonel, 62, 63, 82, 83, 86.
Drummond, Sir Gordon, 45, 49, 63, 86.
Dugald Dalgetty, 9.
Dundas, 91.
Dundas, Sir David, 69.
Dunkirk, 7, 9, 264.
Dutch, 22, 23, 24.
Dutchman, 21.
Edgar, 57.
Edinburgh, 32.
England, 26, 35, 60, 100.
English, 42.
Ettrick Shepherd, 2.
Europe, 61.
European, 78.
Falls of Niagara, 56, 57, 58.
Falstaff, 71.
Ferrara, 83.
Fort Erie, 53, 58, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 71, 76, 81, 83, 86.
Fort Niagara, 62.
Fort Wellington, 20, 27, 28.
France, 7, 8.
Frazer Highlanders, 8.
French, 9, 12, 14, 97.
French Canadians, 98.
French King, 7.
French Service, 8.
Frenchmen, 10, 11, 28.
Gaelic, 42.
Gaelic Bible, 31.
Galt, Mr., 48, 49.
Gananoque, 28.
Ganges, 21.
Garlic Hill, 6.
Garrison of Quebec, 6.
George II., 64.
George the Third, 78.
German Contingent, 68.
Glengarries, 65, 70, 73.
Glengarry, 19, 41.
Glengarry Militia, 41.
Glengarry Regiment, 69.
Great Britain, 1, 8.
Greenock, 8.
Grenadier Island, 18.
Gulph of St. Lawrence, 6.
Hampshire, 3.
Highland, 31.
Highland Militia, 19.
Highlands, 7.
Holland, 21.
Hollander, 21.
Hindostan, 89.
Homer, 2.
Horace, 2, 27.
Hospital Mate, 26.
Hudson, 21.
Incorporated Militia, 72.
India, 9, 86.
Indian, 14, 57, 76, 93.
Indians, 28, 29, 76, 77, 78, 86.
Indian Tribes, 78.
Invernesshire, 6.
Irish, 37.
Irish Brigade, 8.
Irish Subaltern, 25.
Irishman, 71.
Irishmen, 27.
Isle of Wight, 3, 4, 72.
Jacobite, 6.
Java, 9, 21.
John Bull, 11, 95.
Johnson, Sir William, 62.
Johnston, Dr., 30.
Keltic, 62, 63, 86.
King George, 71.
Kingston, 18, 20, 28, 36, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49.
Lachine, 14, 17, 20.
Lake Erie, 90.
Lake Huron, 90.
Lake of the Thousand Islands, 28.
Lake Ontario, 10, 43.
Lake Saint Clair, 90.
Lake Simcoe, 90, 91.
London, U. C., 62.
Lordship of Craigcrook, 21.
Lower Canada, 10, 12.
Lower Province, 36.
Machiavel, 21.
Malone, 19.
Mautass, 76, 77, 78.
Meg Dodds, 37.
Mohawk Indians, 22.
Mohawk River, 62.
Montreal, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 36.
Montreal General Hospital, 26.
Morrison, Colonel, 18.
Moses, 99.
Mother-bank, 4.
Muggridge, Major Spencer, 3.
Muscadines of Paris, 27.
McDonald, John, 41.
Napoleon, 8, 61, 74.
Newport, 3.
New World, 21.
Niagara, 22, 51, 56, 79.
Niagara District, 23.
Niagara Frontier, 31, 35, 42.
Niagara River, 51.
North America, 9, 23.
North American, 23.
North American Continent, 12.
Oeolus, 264.
Ogdensburg, 31.
Old Guard, 28.
Ontario, 36.
Parkhurst, 3.
Pattison, Captain, 75.
Peggy Bruce, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42.
Penetanguishene, 90, 100.
Peninsula, 63.
Perthshire, 86.
Plattsburg, 48.
Polar, 42.
Portsmouth, 85, 101.
Portuguese, 77.
Prescott, 20.
Prevost, Sir George, 47, 48, 49.
Prince Charles Edward, 6.
Province, 47, 49.
Province of Canada, 47.
Provincial Parliament, 30.
Prussian School, 68.
Quebec, 4, 6, 10, 13, 53, 100,
Queenston, 58, 79, 88, 89.
Queenston Heights, 51.
Regiment, 32nd, 62, 69.
Regiment, 82nd, 75, 76.
Regiment, 89th, 18, 87.
Regiment, 100th, 42, 88.
Regiment, 103rd, 84, 85.
Regiment, 104th, 62.
Regiment de Dillon, 8.
Revolutionary War, 21.
River Detroit, 90.
River Saint Clair, 90.
River St. Lawrence, 11.
Ross, Sir John, 42.
Rotenburg, General de, 18.
Sackett's Harbour, 48.
Sacs, 78.
Salmon River, 18.
Scotch, 37.
Scotch Regiment of Guards, 7.
Scotland, 8, 53.
Scott, Colonel, 86.
Scott, Major General, 51.
Scott, Sir Walter, 3.
Sheridan, Tom, 16.
Snake Hill, 81.
Snow Hill, 6.
Soc Chief, 76.
Socs, 78.
Sorel, 100.
South America, 9.
Spain, 45.
Spithead, 4.
St. Andrew, 37.
State of New York, 19.
St. Helens, 3.
St. Lawrence, 10, 28, 36, 41.
St. Patrick, 37.
St. Regis, 33, 34.
Table Rock, 56.
Three Rivers, 11.
Toronto, 44, 48, 50, 51, 89, 90, 100.
Tweeddale, Marquis of, 88.
United States, 100.
Upper Canada, 36.
Utica, 22.
Vermont State, 33.
Washington Irving, 21.
Waterloo, 27.
Watteville, De, 42, 61, 74, 80.
Wellington, Duke of, 45, 63, 88, 101.
West Indies, 9, 21.
Wilkinson, General, 9, 17, 41.
Williamsburg, 23.
Wood, Colonel, 79.
Woolwich, 66.
Yankee, 11, 33, 71.
York, 50, 56, 89, 100.
Transcriber Notes:
Passages in italics were indicated by _underscores_.
Throughout the dialogues, there were words used to mimic accents of
the speakers. Those words were retained as-is.
Errors in punctuation and inconsistent hyphenation were not corrected
unless otherwise noted.
On page 9, a comma was added after "the American Army".
On page 13, "déscgréments" was replaced with "désagréments?".
On page 18, a comma was removed after "the first volley we fired".
On page 24, "then" was replaced with "than".
On page 35, "that that" was replaced with "that".
On page 44, "Colonal" was replaced with "Colonel".
On page 60, a period was added after "leave undone".
On page 62, "32d" was replaced with "32nd".
On page 75, "82d" was replaced with "82nd".
On page 108, the comma after "French Service, 8" was replaced with a
period.
In the index are two references to page 264. No such page existed.
End of Project Gutenberg's Recollections of the War of 1812, by William Dunlop