conductor; _S_ a telegraph sounder, or electric bell; _R_ a relay;
_R B_ and _L B_ the relay battery and local battery, respectively;
_G_ a ground connection; _M_ a resistance, or choke coil, and _V_ a
vertical wire, as in the transmitter; in fact, in the station set the
same vertical wire answers for both transmitter and receiver.
[Illustration: FIG. 75.]
The coil to be used may be from two inches of spark upwards, dependent
upon the distance the signals have to travel. The relay battery may
be two cells of dry battery, the local battery as much as is desired
to operate the bell, sounder, or pen register receiving the signals.
Presuming the apparatus set up and adjusted, and designating the
transmitter as Station A and the receiver as Station B, the operation
will be as follows: A pressure and release of key _K_ sends an impulse
of current through the primary _P_, inducing a current in _S_, which
manifests itself by a spark between the discharger balls at _D_. An
electric wave is released, which, starting from _V_, Station A, meets
in its passage _V_ of Station B. Travelling along this wire to the
ground, it finds two paths—through _C_ or _R_. As the choke coil deters
it from passing through the relay, it finds passage through _C_ and so
to ground.
THE COHERER.
Many forms of this apparatus are in use, but as yet no definite design
can be recommended for specific purposes. The most general mode of
construction is that of the Branley Coherer, as shown in Fig. 76.
[Illustration: FIG. 76.]
It consists of a glass tube, 2 inches long by ¼ inch inside diameter,
furnished with well-fitted metal plugs at each end, to which
connections are made. These plugs can be slid in and out of tube for
adjustment, the gap between them being loosely filled with fine metal
filings. The metal used varies, according to the operator's preference,
the most generally adopted being pure nickel for both plugs and
filings. Another mode of construction for purely experimental use is
to merely cork the ends of the tube and pass the wires through these
corks into the filings, ensuring, however, good contact between wires
and filings. Marconi's favorite form is a glass tube two inches long
with silver plugs, each one-quarter inch long, in each end, intervening
space being partially filled with a mixture of nickel and silver
filings. These plugs are then adjusted to as close as one-twenty-fifth
of an inch, and the whole apparatus exhausted of air either by means of
a leading-in tube or by placing coherer in a vessel from which the air
can be drawn. As a rule, coherers containing air become less sensitive
after continued use.
CARBON COHERER.
Pointed carbon rods can be inserted in the tube instead of metal,
and carbon dust substituted for the metal filings; but this form is
suitable only for special purposes. It is very delicate in its action,
but somewhat uncertain.
COHERER WITHOUT FILINGS.
Were it not for reasons, such as difficulty of decoherence, the metal
filings might be dispensed with and two rods of metal placed in light
contact. The construction of the coherer reminds one very much of the
microphone, a satisfactory coherer having been made out of the old
"nail microphone," four wire nails being placed crossing one another in
the battery circuit, in one case acting as a sound transmitter, whence
the name; in the other as a coherer.
ALUMINIUM COHERER.
Aluminium, a metal which has steadily grown into favor, and which is
now readily obtainable, can be made to serve in the present apparatus
in place of nickel both as to electrodes and filings. It is advisable,
however, to use aluminium electrodes of slightly larger diameter than
those of other metals.
STEEL BALL COHERER.
A recent writer has recommended the use of balls of steel, such as are
used in ball bearings, such, however, not to exceed ⅜ inch diameter.
Such a coherer would take the form of an upright glass tube, with
electrodes exerting pressure on a series of four or more steel balls.
Decoherence here becomes difficult, and mention is but made of it to
show the variety of forms which this important little article may
assume.
Coherers are adjusted by advancing or receding the electrodes,
altering the quantity of the filings, etc. There exists but little
difficulty in operating coherers; considerable latitude is permissible
as to adjustment, size, character, etc. There does not seem so much
difficulty in obtaining sensitiveness as in guarding against external
electrical disturbances. Wings or vanes of thin sheet metal are
sometimes attached to the metal ends or electrodes of the coherer for
purposes of adjustment, their size and capacity being determined by
experiment. It is best that they present no sharp angles, but be of a
disc, or spherical, form, the better not to dissipate energy.
THE OSCILLATOR.
This is the name given the contrivance at the ends of the discharger,
_D_ being the point at which the electrical oscillations, or waves, are
radiated.
CLARKE'S OSCILLATOR.
This consists of two brass spheres, generally 3 inches in diameter,
and mounted on a stand or sometimes on top of the induction coil. The
distance between the balls is readily adjustable by either attaching
the balls on the ends of two sliding rods, or causing the balls
themselves to slide on the rods (Fig. 77).
[Illustration: FIG. 77.]
[Illustration: FIG. 78.]
TRIPLE OSCILLATOR.
Here three balls are used, two outside ones connected to the circuit,
being one-half inch diameter, and the middle one, isolated from all
connection, of three inches in diameter. This form is best mounted on
a separate stand, the balls either being on glass or hard rubber legs
(Fig. 78). Connecting wires from the secondary of the coil must in all
cases be run with the greatest precautions against crosses, as directed
in Chapter V.
It is possible to make many different designs in oscillators. Some
experimenters use the simple Clarke form, others prefer the triple
balls; yet, again, others vary the sizes and the relative sizes of the
balls. One form of oscillator prescribes the balls to be immersed in
oil or vaseline. Such methods all have their adherents. Even the plain
points of an induction coil discharger will serve for short-distance
work.
Oscillators are adjusted by altering their proximity to one another,
and should have care given to keep the spheres bright. It is easy to
alter capacity of an oscillator by connecting its spheres to other
insulated spheres.
THE COIL.
The coil for wireless telegraphy does not differ from the regular
Ruhmkorff, except that in place of the contact breaker a signal or
Morse telegraph key is substituted. Of course, the contact breaker can
be made to perform the same duty by retracting the adjusting screw out
of reach of the platinum on spring, and then operating the hammer and
spring in same manner as key.
TRANSLATING DEVICES.
Under this head are included relay sounder, bell, or register, which
are at receiving set. They do not differ from the regular telegraphic
apparatus. The sounder may be of the Western Union pattern, wound to
4 ohms; the relay also Western Union pattern, and wound to 150 or 250
ohms, as best suits the individual case.
In order to protect the receiver from the action of the transmitter
belonging to the same set of instruments, particularly when powerful
waves are generated, it has been found at times necessary to enclose
the receiver in a metal case. Marconi has patents on such devices,
particularly on a movable shutter in the case, which opens when the
transmitter is not in operation. Edouard Branly placed his receiving
set in a metal case with a vertical slit eight inches by one-tenth of
an inch.
AIR CONDUCTOR.
The vertical wire extending from the coherer up into the air must be
insulated from all other objects in the best possible manner. A bare
copper wire of No. 14 B & S gauge can be suspended from porcelain
insulating knobs, which in turn can be strung from each other by means
of stout silk cord or even wire. There is a special form of insulator
used in electric construction work, and known as a circuit breaker,
which will answer and which is easy of attachment; reference to Fig.
79 will show manner of using.
[Illustration: FIG. 79.]
Temporary grounds can be made to water pipes, but it is better to use
regular telephone copper ground-plates sunk deep in moist earth.
At South Foreland, England, a mast has been erected, 150 feet in height
for transmission across Channel, a distance of nearly thirty miles. At
Notre Dame University, Illinois, Professor Green used a wire 150 feet
in length, suspended from top of a high church tower, but was unable
to transmit much over three miles, owing, presumably, to fact that
the intervening country was well supplied with overhead wires, which
probably intercepted the waves.
It has been claimed that earthed or grounded air wires are necessary,
but balls or similar "capacities" are not of service on the top of the
wire. A theory has been advanced that the currents do not pass from
air wire tip to air wire tip, but are conducted by the varying strata
of the earth. No general confirmation is obtainable, however, and
the experimental reader will find a wide field for research in this
direction. Marconi, on the other hand, has accomplished much with zinc
cylinders under six feet high, _not grounded in any respect_, indeed,
and he also finds it impossible to assume a proportion between distance
of effect and height of air wire. The following investigations and
experiments are of interest in this connection:
At a meeting of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, in December,
1898, Dr. Oliver Lodge showed that there must be a certain relative
position between the receiving and transmitting circuits.
He placed on one side of a room a box, containing a battery, bell,
relay, and coherer properly connected up. On the other side he had
an induction coil and pair of parallel discharger rods, with a spark
gap to transmit waves across the room. When the rods of the receiver
and transmitter were placed parallel to each other the receiving
bell was operated; when the receiving rods of the transmitter were
at right angles to those of the receiver the bell either failed to
work, or weakened very considerably. He also told of an experiment
made to determine the influence of different methods of grounding the
apparatus. He found that when the apparatus was connected by a wire
laid on the ground, there was the required response at the receiving
station; but when the two stations were situated each side of a lake,
and the ground wires immersed in the water, the receiving instrument
failed to work. It seemed to him that the conductivity and power
absorption of ether wave energy by water was too great to allow of the
transmission of Hertz waves. This would seem to bear out the results
obtained by Marconi in dispensing with ground wires.
INDEX.
A
Acid, Chromic, 189.
" Sulphuric, 212.
Air pump, Geissler, 142.
" " Simple, 141.
" " Sprengel, 143.
" blast, 76.
" wire, 262.
Amalgamation, 180.
Assembly of coil, 22.
Attraction, Window, 154, 163.
Automobile coil, 40.
Automatic burners, 170.
Automatic burners, Adjustment, 176.
B
Ballistic galvanometer, 99.
Barium platino cyanide, 238.
Base for coil, 30.
Bath coil, 61.
Battery, Bichromate, 180.
" Champion, 179.
" Daniell, 191.
" Dun, 187.
" Edison-Lalande, 195.
" Fuller, 184.
" Gas-lighting, 179.
" Gethins, 193.
" Gordon, 194.
" Gravity, 191.
" Grenet, 180.
" Harrison, 219.
" Monarch, 179.
" Morisot, 188.
" Novelty, 182.
" Open circuit, 178.
" Polarization, 179.
" Samson, 179.
" solutions, 185, 188, 189.
" Standard dry, 196.
" Storage, 200.
" Storage, to charge, 208.
" Storage, to make, 101.
" Storage, to seal, 215.
" U. S. storage, 218.
Beeswax, 95.
Brush, Electric, 128.
C
Capacity of condenser, 100.
Carbons for battery, 182.
Cements, 97.
Charging condenser, 110.
Chromic acid, 189.
Closed magnetic circuit, 6.
Coherer, Aluminium, 251.
" Branly, 254.
" Carbon, 256.
" Steel ball, 258.
Coil, Failure to work, 49.
" for gas engine, 37.
" general remarks, 42.
" in series, 32.
" Medical, 51.
" Oil immersed, 33.
" Output of, 46.
" Primary, 7.
" Resistance, 40.
" Secondary, 10.
" Table of dimensions, 50.
" Tesla, 35.
" Testing, 44.
" To select, 46.
" Winding, 20.
Condensers, Aluminium, 115.
" Adjustable, 117.
" Charging, 110.
" capacity, 100, 119.
" Discharge of, 225.
" Glass, 101.
" Mica, 108.
" Oil, 116.
" Paper, 105, 107.
" Rolled up, 115.
" Series, 108.
Cone vibrator, 88.
Contact breaker, 26.
" " Adjustable medical, 85.
" " Adjustable cone, 88.
" " Dessauer, 80.
" " Electrolytic, 77.
" " Highspeed, 69.
" " in vacuo, 81.
" " Polechanging, 73.
" " Queen, 83.
" " Queen, large form, 84.
" " Steel ribbon, 80.
Contacts, Care of, 90.
Core, 4.
" Iron filing, 46.
Crookes tube, 241.
D
Dessauer contact breaker, 80.
Dielectric, 104.
Discharger, 26.
Dry cell, 196.
Dun cell, 187.
E
Eddy currents, 6.
Edison-Lalande cell, 195.
Electric sand, 189.
Electrode, 190.
Electrolyte, 213.
Electrolytic interrupter, 77.
Ends for coil, 25.
Extra current, 3.
F
Farad, 100.
Fluoroscope, 239.
Fluorescence, 137.
Foucault currents, 6.
Frauenhofer lines, 135.
Frontispiece, Notes on, 42, 47.
G
Galvanometer, 99.
Gas burners, 170.
" engine coil, 39.
" from water, 44.
" lighting, 164.
Gassiot star, 153.
Geissler tube, 159.
Glass, To pierce, 130.
Gordon battery, 194.
H
Harrison cell, 219.
Hertz resonator, 226.
Hydrometer, 211.
Hysteresis, 6.
I
Induction, 1.
" Self, 8.
Insulations, 97.
L
Leyden jars, 99.
Lighting gas, 164.
M
Magnetic circuit, Closed, 6.
Medical coils, 51.
" " Care of, 62.
Mercury contact breaker, 71.
Mica condenser, 61.
N
Noise of contact breaker, 63.
O
Oil, Capacity of, 119.
" Coil immersion, 33.
" for oscillator, 260.
" Linseed, 93.
" Resin, 96.
" Spark through, 95.
Oscillator, 258.
" Clarkes, 259.
" Triple, 259.
Output of coil, 46.
P
Paper condenser, 107.
Paraffin, 94.
Phosphorus tube, 239.
Photography, X-Ray, 245.
Pocket coil, 89.
Polarity tests, 45.
Pole, 190.
Polechanging switch, 32.
Polechanging contact breaker, 73.
Primary coil, 7.
Q
Queen contact breaker, 83.
" Crookes tube, 241.
R
Radiography, 245.
Reel ends, 25.
Resistance coils, 40.
Resonance, Electric, 226.
Resonator, Hertz, 226.
Rheotome, 2.
Roentgen Ray apparatus, 236.
Rotating wheel, 154.
S
Series, Coils in, 32.
Selection of coil, 46.
Shellac, 96.
Signs, Battery, 190.
Soda, Bichromate of, 183.
Spark, Electric, 120.
" Choice of, 47.
Spectroscope, 132.
Spectrum, Solar, 132.
Standard dry cell, 196.
Sulphating, 215.
Switch, Polechanging, 32.
T
Table of cost, 191.
Tesla coil, 35.
" " disruptive, 36.
Testing polarity, 46.
Transformer, 5.
Tube, Insulating, 9.
U
U. S. storage cell, 218.
V
Vacuum, Adjusting, 242.
" Choice of, 243.
" Contact breaker, 81.
" To procure, 141.
" pumps, 140.
W
Water, Decomposition of, 44.
Wax, 95.
Wehnelt interrupter, 77.
Wheel, Rotating, 154.
Winder, Coil, 16.
Winding coils, 20.
" Secondary, 10, 14.
" Sectional, 11.
Wire for secondary coil, 24.
" " primary coil, 9.
Wires, Air, 262.
Wireless telegraphy, 248.
Wireless telegraphy circuit, 250.
X
X-Ray apparatus, 236.
" Remarks, 243.
" photographs, 246.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
_GENERAL REFERENCE_
=Electricity, Its Theory, Sources and Applications=, by JOHN T.
SPRAGUE. 3rd edition.
=Induction Coils and Coil Making=, by F. C. ALLSOP.
=The Construction of Large Induction Coils=, a Workshop Handbook, by
A. THARE. Illustrated.
=A Manual of Electricity=, by H. M. NOAD, Ph.D. London, 1859.
(_Scarce._)
=Practical Electrics.=
=Sloane's Electrical Dictionary.=
=Houston's Electrical Dictionary.=
=Electricity and Magnetism=, by PROF. SILVANUS P. THOMPSON.
_BATTERIES_
=Small Accumulators and How to Make Them=, by P. MARSHALL.
=Primary Batteries=, by H. S. CARHART.
=Practical Electrics.=
=Electric Batteries, How to Make Them=, by P. MARSHALL.
_WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY_
=A History of Wireless Telegraphy=, by J. J. FAHIE.
=Improvements in Magnetic Space Telegraphy, Telegraphing by Magnetic
Induction, and Aetheric Telegraphy=, by SIR W. H. PREECE, S. EVERSHED,
and OLIVER LODGE.
=Science Abstracts, Physics and Electrical Engineering.=
=The Model Engineer and Amateur Electrician.=
Queen Instruments
_Induction Coils_ capable of producing thick, heavy sparks from 60"
to ¼" in length. Made in 15 different styles for either direct or
alternating currents of any voltage.
_X Ray Tubes_ which have an automatic vacuum regulating device by
means of which rays of penetrating power can be obtained. Our tubes
have large, clear bulbs with a great current capacity and sharp
definition.
_Fluoroscopes_ of Platino Barium Cyanide or Calcium Tungstate with
removable screens. Permanent and brilliant.
_Accessories_—such as Tube Stands, Independent Vibrators,
Wehnelt Interrupters, Localization Apparatus, Protecting Screens,
Radiographic Table, X Ray Plates, Storage Batteries, Motor
Transformers, Archives of the Roentgen Ray—everything to make X Ray
Work simple and successful.
Electrical Testing Instruments, Meters, Photometric Apparatus
Queen & Co. (Incorporated)
J. G. GRAY, President
59 Fifth Avenue
New York
1010 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, Pa.
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pages, illustrated, 12mo, cloth,
3.00
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Cleaning and Scouring
A MANUAL FOR
DYERS AND LAUNDRESSES
And for Domestic Use.
_BY S. CHRISTOPHER._
CONTENTS.
DRESSES.—Silk, Satin, Irish Poplin and Tabinet, Llama, Alpaca, Printed
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SHAWLS AND SCARVES.—China Crape, Brocaded or Printed Silk, and Woolen.
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BONNETS.—Chip, Straw, and Leghorn. ANCIENT TAPESTRY.
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TABLE COVERS.—Silk-and-worsted, Cotton-and-worsted, and Printed Cloth.
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HEARTHRUGS, SHEEPSKIN RUGS AND MATS.
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Price 20 cents, post-paid.
——————————————————————
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL
Ammonia Refrigeration
_A Work of Reference for Engineers and others Employed in the
Management of Ice and Refrigeration Machinery._
By ILTYD I. REDWOOD
CONTENTS
B. T. U. Mechanical Equivalent of a Unit of Heat. Specific Heat.
Latent Heat. Theory of Refrigeration. Freezing, by Compressed Air.
Ammonia. Characteristics of Ammonia. The Compressor. Stuffing-Boxes.
Lubrication. Suction and Discharge Valves. Separator. Condenser-Worm,
Receiver. Refrigerator or Brine Tank. Size of Pipe and Area of
Cooling Surface. Charging the Plant with Ammonia. Jacket-Water, for
Compressor, for Separator. Quantity of Condensing Water Necessary.
Loss due to Heating of Condensed Ammonia. Cause of Variation in Excess
Pressure. Use of Condensing Pressure in Determining Loss of Ammonia
by Leakage. Cooling Directly by Ammonia. Freezing Point of Brine.
Making Brine. Specific Heat of Brine. Regulation of Brine Temperature.
Indirect Effect of Condensing Water on Brine Temperature. Directions
for Determining Refrigerating Efficiency. Equivalent of a Ton of Ice.
Compressor Measurement of Ammonia Circulated. Loss of Well-Jacketed
Compressors. Loss in Double-Acting Compressors. Distribution of Mercury
Wells. Examination of Working Parts. Indicator Diagrams. Ammonia
Figures—Effectual Displacement. Volume of Gas. Ammonia Circulated per
Twenty-Four Hours. Refrigerating Efficiency. Brine Figures-Gallons
Circulated. Pounds Circulated. Degrees Cooled. Total Degrees Extracted.
Loss due to Heating of Ammonia Gas. Loss due to Heating of Liquid
Ammonia. Calculation of the Maximum Capacity of a Machine. Preparation
of Anhydrous Ammonia. Construction of Apparatus, etc., etc.
150 pages, 15 illustrations, cloth, $1.00.
——————————————————————
LUBRICANTS,
OILS AND GREASES
Treated Theoretically and Giving Practical Information Regarding Their
COMPOSITION, USES AND MANUFACTURE
BY ILTYD I. REDWOOD
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.—Lubricants.
THEORETICAL.—Chapter I. Mineral Oils: American and Russian;
Hydrocarbons. Chapter II. Fatty Oils: Glycerides; Vegetable Oils; Fish
Oils. Chapter III. Mineral Lubricants: Graphite; Plumbago. Chapter IV.
Greases: Compounded; "Set" or Axle; "Boiled" or Cup. Chapter V. Tests
of Oils: Mineral Oils. Fatty Oils.
MANUFACTURE.—Chapter VI. Mineral Oil Lubricants: Compounded Oils;
Debloomed Oils. Chapter VII. Greases: Compounded Greases; "Set" or
Axle Greases; Boiled Greases; Engine Greases. Appendix. The Action of
Oils on Various Metals. Index.
TABLES.—I. Viscosity and Specific Gravity. II. Atomic Weights. III.
Origin, Tests, Etc., of Oils. IV. Action of Oils on Metals.
LIST OF PLATES.—I.—I. I. Redwood's Improved Set Measuring Apparatus.
II. Section Grease Kettle. III. Diagram of the Action of Oils on
Different Kinds of Metals.
8vo, cloth, $1.50.
——————————————————————
PRACTICAL HANDBOOK ON
Gas Engines
With Instructions for Care and Working of the Same.
_BY G. LIECKFELD, C.E._
Translated with permission of the Author by _GEORGE RICHMOND, M.E._
WITH A CHAPTER ON OIL ENGINES
CONTENTS
Choosing and installing a gas engine. The construction of good gas
engines. Examination as to workmanship, running, economy. Reliability
and durability of gas engines. Proper erection of a gas engine.
Foundation. Arrangement for gas pipes. Rubber bag. Locking devices.
Exhaust pipes. Air pipes. Setting up gas engines. Brakes and their
use in ascertaining the power of gas engines. Arrangement of a brake
test. Distribution of heat in a gas engine. Attendance on gas engines.
General remarks. Gas engine oil. Cylinder lubricators. Rules as to
starting and stopping a gas engine. The cleaning of a gas engine.
General observations and specific examination for defects. The engine
refuses to work. Non-starting of the engine. Too much pressure on the
gas. Water in the exhaust pot. Difficulty in starting the engine.
Irregular running. Loss of power. Weak gas mixtures. Late ignition.
Cracks in air inlet. Back firing. Knocking and pounding inside of
engine. Dangers and precautionary measure in handling gas engines.
Precautions when opening gas valves, removing piston from cylinder,
examining with light openings of gas engines. Dangers in starting,
cleaning, putting on belts. Oil Engines. Gas engines with producer
gas. Gasoline and oil engines. Concluding remarks.
120 pages, illustrated, 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
——————————————————————
The Best and Cheapest in the Market
ALGEBRA SELF-TAUGHT
FOR THE USE OF
Mechanics, Young Engineers and Home Students
_BY W. PAGET HIGGS, M.A., D.Sc._
FOURTH EDITION
CONTENTS
Symbols and the signs of operation. The equation and the unknown
quantity. Positive and negative quantities. Multiplication, involution,
exponents, negative exponents, roots, and the use of exponents as
logarithms. Logarithms. Tables of logarithms and proportional parts.
Transportation of systems of logarithms. Common uses of common
logarithms. Compound multiplication and the binomial theorem. Division,
fractions and ratio. Rules for division. Rules for fractions. Continued
proportion, the series and the summation of the series. Examples.
Geometrical means. Limit of series. Equations. Appendix. Index. 104
pages, 12mo, cloth, 60c.
_See also_ Algebraic Signs, Spons' Dictionary of Engineering, No. 2.
40 cts.
_See also_ Calculus, Supplement to Spons' Dictionary, No. 5. 75 cts.
——————————————————————
THE
FIREMAN'S GUIDE
A Handbook on the Care of Boilers
_BY KARL P. DAHLSTROM, M.E._
CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS
I. Firing and Economy of Fuel.—Precautions before and after
starting the fire, care of the fire, proper firing, draft, smoke,
progress of firing, fuel on the grate, cleaning out, cleaning grate
bars and ash pan, dampers, firing into two or more furnaces, dry fuel,
loss of heat.
II. Feed and Water Line.—Feeding, the water line, false water line,
defective feeding apparatus, formation of scale, gauge cocks, glass
gauge, the float, safety plug, alarm whistle.
III. Low Water and Foaming or Priming.—Precautions when water is
low, foaming, priming.
IV. Steam Pressure.—Steam gauge, safety valves.
V. Cleaning and Blowing Out.—Cleaning the boiler, to examine the
state of the boiler, blowing out, refilling the boiler.
VI. General Directions.—How to prevent accidents, repairs, the care
of the boiler when not in use, testing boilers, trimming and cleaning
outside. Summary of rules. Index.
8vo, cloth, 50 cents.
——————————————————————
THE CORLISS ENGINE.
BY JOHN T. HENTHORN.
AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE CORLISS ENGINE.
BY CHARLES D. THURBER.
_Uniform in One Volume. Cloth Cover; Price, $1.00._
Table of Contents.
CHAPTER I.—Introductory and Historical; Steam Jacketing. CHAPTER
II.—Indicator Cards. CHAPTER III.—Indicator Cards continued; the
Governor. CHAPTER IV.—Valve Gear and Eccentric; Valve Setting.
CHAPTER V.—Valve Setting continued, with diagrams of same; Table for
laps of Steam Valve. CHAPTER VI.—Valve Setting continued. CHAPTER
VII.—Lubrication with diagrams for same. CHAPTER VIII.—Discussion of
the Air Pump and its Management. CHAPTER IX.—Care of Main Driving
Gears; best Lubricator for same. CHAPTER X.—Heating of Mills by Exhaust
Steam. CHAPTER XI.—Engine Foundations; diagrams and templets for same.
CHAPTER XII.—Foundations continued; Materials for same, etc.
Third Edition, with an Appendix.
——————————————————————
HOW TO RUN
Engines and Boilers
Practical Instruction for Young Engineers and Steam Users.
_BY EGBERT POMEROY WATSON_
REVISED AND ENLARGED
Synopsis of Contents
Cleaning the boiler, removing scale, scale preventers, oil in boilers,
braces and stays, mud drums and feed pipes, boiler fittings, grate
bars and tubes, bridge walls, the slide valve, throttling engine, the
piston, testing the slide valve with relation to the ports, defects
of the slide valve, lap and lead, the pressure on a slide valve, stem
connections to the valve, valves off their seats, valve stem guides,
governors, running with the sun, eccentrics and connections, the
crank pin, brass boxes, bearings on pins, adjustment of bearings, the
valve and gearing, setting eccentrics, the actual operation, return
crank motion, pounding, the connections, lining up engines, making
joints, condensing engines, Torricelli's vacuum, proof of atmospheric
pressure, pumps, no power in a vacuum, supporting a water column by the
atmosphere, starting a new plant, the highest qualities demanded.
Water tube boilers, fire tube boilers, why water tube boilers steam
rapidly, torpedo boat boilers, management of water tube boilers,
economy and maintenance of water tube boilers.
150 pages, illustrated, 16mo, cloth, $1.00
——————————————————————
GOOD AMERICAN PRACTICE.
AN
ELEMENTARY TEXT BOOK
ON
S_TEAM_ E_NGINES AND_
B_OILERS_
By J. H. KINEALY, M.E.
A first class American Book for young Engineers and all those wishing
to take a higher position.
CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS.
1. Elementary Thermodynamics. 2. Theory of the Steam Engine. 3, Types
and details of Engines. 4. Admission of Steam by Valve. 5. Valve
diagrams. 6. Indicator and indicator cards. 7. Compound Engines
and condensers. 8. Heat and combustion of fuel. 9. Boilers, types,
fittings, etc. 10. Chimneys. APPENDIX. Care of Boilers, Tables,
Numerous Problems with answers.
Third edition, (1901), thoroughly revised to date and considerably
enlarged.
259 pages, 108 illustrations, size 9¼ × 6¼.
Cloth, $2.00‡
——————————————————————
THE SLIDE VALVE
SIMPLY EXPLAINED
BY W. J. TENNANT, Asso. M.I.M.E.
REVISED AND MUCH ENLARGED
BY J. H. KINEALY, D.E.
CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS:
I. The Simple Slide.
II. The Eccentric a Crank. Special Model to
Give Quantitative Results.
III. Advance of the Eccentric.
IV. Dead Centre. Order of Cranks. Cushioning
and Lead.
V. Expansion—Inside and Outside Lap and
Lead; Advance Affected Thereby.
Compression.
VI. Double-Ported and Piston Valves.
VII. The Effect of Alterations to Valve and
Eccentric.
VIII. Note on Link Motions.
IX. Note on Very Early Cut-Off, and on Reversing
Gears in General.
_88 Pages._ _41 Illustrations._ _12mo, Cloth, $1.00._
——————————————————————
QUICK AND EASY METHODS
OF
CALCULATING
WITH THE SLIDE RULE
A SIMPLE EXPLANATION OF THE THEORY AND USE OF THE SLIDE RULE,
LOGARITHMS, ETC.
_With numerous examples worked out._
BY R. G. BLAINE, M.E.
A most reliable, practical and valuable work for the engineer.
_144 Pages._ _Illustrated._ _12mo, Cloth, $1.00_
——————————————————————
_The Design and Construction_
OF
OIL ENGINES
_With full directions for_
Erecting, Testing, Installing, Running and Repairing.
Including descriptions of American and English
KEROSENE OIL ENGINES.
By A. H. GOLDINGHAM, M.E.
_Synopsis of Contents of Chapters_:
1. Introductory, Classification, Vaporizers, Spraying and Ignition
Devices, etc. 2. Design and Construction, Cylinders, Cranks, Shafts,
Pistons, Connecting Rods, Fly-Wheels, Air and Exhaust Cams, Valves,
etc., Bearings, Engine Frames, Valve Mechanisms, Gearing, Oil Supply,
Different Kinds of Engines, etc. 3. Testing the Engine, Faults and
Remedies, etc. 4. Cooling Water Tanks, Exhaust Silencers, Starters.
5. Oil Engine Driving Dynamo, Various Systems. 6. Oil Engine Driving
Air Compressors. Water Pump, etc. 7. Full Instructions for Running Oil
Engines. 8. Hints on Repairing. 9. Description of the Various English
and American Oil Engines.
Fully Illustrated, 12mo. Cloth, $2.00‡
——————————————————————
SPONS' $2.50
MECHANIC'S OWN BOOK,
A PRACTICAL MANUAL.
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS.
Mechanical Drawing. (13 pages).
Casting and Founding. (31 pages).
Forging and Finishing. (56 pages).
Soldering. (26 pages).
Sheet-Metal Working. (10 pages).
Carpentry, Woods, Tools etc. (224 pages).
Cabinet Making. (36 pages).
Carving and Fretwork. (13 pages).
Upholstery. (6 pages).
Painting, Graining and Marbling. (28 pages).
Staining, and Gilding. (16 pages).
Polishing. Varnishing. (26 pages).
Mechanical Movements. (56 pages).
Turning and Lathe work. (30 pages).
Masonry, Stonework, Brickwork, Concrete, etc. (45 pages).
Plastering, Whitewashing, Paperhanging. (13 pages).
Roofing, Glazing. (14 pages).
Bell hanging, Gas fitting. (8 pages).
Lighting, Ventilation, Warming. (21 pages).
Foundations, Roads and Bridges, Banks, Hedges, Ditches and Drains,
Water Supply and Sanitation. House Construction, etc. Size of book 6¾
in. by 8¾.
702 pages, half extra gilt and 1420 illustrations.
——————————————————————
NEW
EDITION "DE LUXE"
ON HEAVY PLATE PAPER
[Illustration:
A
SYSTEM
OF
EASY LETTERING.
BY
J. H. CROMWELL.]
ITS GOOD POINTS.
Very easy to learn.
A rapid method to become a good letterer with a little practice.
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It contains 26 pages of alphabets whose modifications are almost
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One of the cheapest in the market.
This little book will be appreciated by draughtsmen who wish to use
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and useful to any one who has had no practice in lettering, as the
easy method given for forming the letters will enable a person to
form the letters correctly, and with a little practice to do so
quickly.—_American Machinist._
Oblong, 8vo, cloth, 50 cents
——————————————————————
EVERYONE'S GUIDE
TO
PHOTOGRAPHY
CONTAINING
INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING YOUR OWN APPLIANCES AND
SIMPLE PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR EVERY BRANCH
OF PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK.
BY
E. J. WALL, F.R.P.S.
Author of _The Dictionary of Photography_, etc., etc.
SECOND EDITION
[Illustration:Colophon]
NEW YORK:
SPON & CHAMBERLAIN,
12 CORTLANDT STREET.
1892
——————————————————————
CROSS SECTION PAPER.
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SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 12 Cortlandt St.,
NEW YORK.
——————————————————————
Manual of Instruction in
Hard Soldering
WITH AN APPENDIX ON THE
Repair of Bicycle Frames
Notes on Alloys and a Chapter on Soft Soldering
_BY HARVEY ROWELL_
The flame, lamp, charcoal, mats, blow-pipes, wash-bottle, binding wire,
chemicals, borax, spelter, silver solder, gold solder, oxidation of
metals, fluxes, anti-oxidisers, oxidation of cases, the cone, oxidising
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metals, radiation, application, the work table, the joint, applying
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with a forge or hearth, hard soldering with tongs, preserving thin
edges, silversmith's pickle, restoring color to gold, chromic acid,
to mend steel springs, sweating metals together, retaining work in
position, making joints, applying heat, preventing the loss of heat,
effect of sulphur lead and zinc, to preserve precious stones, annealing
and hardening, burnt iron, to hard solder after soft solder. Tables
of—specific gravity, tenacity, fusibility, alloys.
66 pages, illustrated, cloth, 75 cents.
For Soldering Receipts, Cements and Lutes, Pastes, Glues and such
like, _see_ WORKSHOP RECEIPTS.
——————————————————————
SMALL ACCUMULATORS
How Made and Used
_A Practical Handbook for Students and Young Electricians_
_EDITED BY PERCIVAL MARSHALL, A.I.M.E._
Contents of Chapters
I.—The Theory of the Accumulator.
II.—How to make a 4-Volt Pocket Accumulator.
III.—How to make a 32-Ampere-Hour Accumulator.
IV.—Types of Small Accumulators.
V.—How to Charge and Use Accumulators.
VI.—Applications of Small Accumulators, Electrical Novelties, etc.
Useful Receipts. Glossary of Technical Terms.
80 pages, 40 illustrations, 12mo, cloth, 50c.
——————————————————————
THE MAGNETO-TELEPHONE
ITS CONSTRUCTION,
Fitting Up and Adaptability to Every-Day Use
_BY NORMAN HUGHES_
CONTENTS OF CHAPTERS
Some electrical considerations: I.—Introductory. II.—Construction.
III.—Lines, Indoor Lines. IV.—Signalling Apparatus. V.—Batteries. Open
Circuit Batteries. Closed Circuit Batteries. VI.—Practical Operations.
Circuit with Magneto Bells and Lightning Arresters. How to Test the
Line. Push-Button Magneto Circuit. Two Stations with Battery Bells.
VII.—Battery Telephone. Battery Telephone Circuit. Three Instruments on
one Line. VIII.—General remarks. Index.
80 pages, 23 illustrations, 12mo, cloth, $1.00. In paper, 50c.
——————————————————————
EVERYBODY'S BOOK ON ELECTRICITY
PRACTICAL ELECTRICS
A UNIVERSAL HANDY-BOOK
ON
EVERYDAY ELECTRICAL MATTERS
FIFTH EDITION
CONTENTS:
_Alarms._—Doors and Windows; Cisterns; Low Water in Boilers; Time
Signals; Clocks. _Batteries._—Making; Cells; Bichromate; Bunsen;
Callan's; Copper-oxide; Cruikshank's; Daniel's; Granule carbon;
Groves; Insulite; Leclanché; Lime Chromate; Silver Chloride; Smee;
Thermo-electric. _Bells._—Annunciator System; Double System;
and Telephone; Making; Magnet for; Bobbins or Coils; Trembling;
Single Stroke; Continuous Ringing. _Connections._ _Carbons._
_Coils._—Induction; Primary; Secondary; Contact-breakers; Resistance.
_Intensity_ Coils.—Reel; Primary; Secondary; Core; Contact-breaker;
Condenser; Pedestal; Commutator; Connections. _Dynamo-electric
Machines._—Field-Magnets; Pole-pieces; Field-magnet Coils; Armature
Cores and Coils; Commutator Collectors and Brushes; Relation of size
to efficiency; Methods of exciting Field-Magnets; Magneto-Dynamos;
Separately excited Dynamos; Shunt Dynamos; Field-Magnets; Armatures;
Collectors; Brush Dynamo; Alternate Currents. _Fire Risks._—Wires;
Lamps; Danger to persons. _Measuring._—Non-Registering Instruments;
Registering Instruments. _Microphones._ _Motors._ _Phonographs._
_Photophones._ _Storage._ _Telephones._—Forms; Circuits and Calls;
Transmitter and Switch; Switch for Simplex; etc., etc.
135 PAGES. 126 ILLUSTRATIONS. 8VO.
Cloth, 75 cents
——————————————————————
VEST POCKET SERIES.
ACTUAL SIZE.
[Illustration:
SPONS'
Engineers Tables]
Bound in roan, round corners, gilt edges in celluloid case, 50c.
[Illustration:
THOMPSON'S
ELECTRICAL TABLES
AND
MEMORANDA]
Bound in roan, round corners, gilt edges, in celluloid case, 50c.
_Copies mailed post-paid on receipt of price._
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes
The Errata have been implemented.
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. All other
spelling, hyphenation and punctuation remains unchanged.
Italics are represented thus _italic_. Bold is indicated thus =bold=,
except in the catalogue of books where, for the sake of clarity, it has
not been indicated.