sex-cell.
SPINDLE, a fibrous organ formed in indirect cell-division.
SPIREME (L. _spira_, coil), a characteristic stage preliminary to indirect
cell-division in which the chromatin material of the nucleus appears in
the form of a skein of filaments.
STEREOTROPISM (Gr. _stereos_, solid; _trope_, turning), defined, p. 198.
STERILIZATION (L. _sterilis_, barren), deprivation of reproductive power.
For methods, see p. 322.
SYNAPSE (Gr. _syn_, together; _hapto_, unite), the coming in contact of
the processes of one nerve cell with the processes or body of another.
SYNAPSIS (Gr. _syn_, together; _hapto_, unite), union of the chromosomes
in pairs preliminary to the reduction division.
TELEGONY (Gr. _telegonos_, born far away), the supposed influence of an
earlier sire on offspring born later of the same mother to a different
sire.
THERMOTROPISM (Gr. _thero_, heat; _trope_, turning), defined, p. 198.
THIGMOTROPISM (Gr. _thigmo_, touch; _trope_, turning), defined, p. 198.
TOXIN (Gr. _toxicon_, poison), poisonous compounds of animal, vegetable,
or bacterial origin.
TROPISM (Gr. _trope_, turning), the automatic directing of an organism
toward or away from a source of stimulus.
UNIT-CHARACTER, a character which behaves as an indivisible unit in
heredity.
VASECTOMY (L. _vas_, vessel; _ektome_, cutting out), removal of a portion
of the vas deferens (duct for conveying spermatozoa).
VESTIGEAL (L. _vestigium_, footstep), representing organs which existed
once in a more developed condition.
VOLVOX (L. _volvo_, roll), a small fresh-water organism occurring in
spherical colonies.
WASSERMAN REACTION, a test for syphilis, see p. 188.
X-ELEMENT, same as sex-chromosome.
ZYGOTE (Gr. _zygon_, yolk), the product of the union of two gametes.
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READING AND STUDY
BATESON, W., 1909. _Mendel's Principles of Heredity._ Cambridge, The
University Press. The best technical account of Mendelism. It contains
also a translation of the original papers of Mendel.
CASTLE, WILLIAM E., 1911. _Heredity._ New York, D. Appleton and Company.
CASTLE, WILLIAM E.; COULTER, JOHN M.; DAVENPORT, CHARLES B.; EAST, EDWARD
M.; TOWER, WILLIAM L., 1912. _Heredity and Eugenics._ Chicago, The
University of Chicago Press.
CONKLIN, EDWIN GRANT, 1915. _Heredity and Environment in the Development
of Men._ Princeton, Princeton University Press.
DAVENPORT, CHARLES B., 1911. _Heredity in Relation to Eugenics._ New York,
Henry Holt and Company.
DONCASTER, L., 1911. _Heredity in the Light of Recent Research._
Cambridge, The University Press.
DONCASTER, L., 1915. _The Determination of Sex._ Cambridge, The University
Press.
ELLIS, HAVELOCK, 1912. _The Task of Social Hygiene._ New York, Houghton
Mifflin Company.
GALTON, FRANCIS, 1869. _Hereditary Genius: an Inquiry Into Its Laws and
Consequences._ London, Macmillan and Company.
GALTON, FRANCIS, 1889. _Natural Inheritance._ New York, The Macmillan
Company.
GALTON, FRANCIS, 1895. _English Men of Science; Their Nature and Nurture._
New York, D. Appleton and Company.
GALTON, FRANCIS, and SCHUSTER, EDGAR, 1906. _Noteworthy Families_ (Modern
Science). London, J. Murray.
GODDARD, HENRY HERBERT, 1912. _The Kallikak Family; a Study in the
Heredity of Feeble-mindedness._ New York, The Macmillan Company.
GODDARD, HENRY HERBERT, 1914. _Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and
Consequences._ New York, The Macmillan Company.
HEALY, WILLIAM, 1915. _The Individual Delinquent._ Boston, Little, Brown
and Company.
KELLICOTT, WILLIAM E., 1911. _The Social Direction of Human Evolution; an
Outline of the Science of Eugenics._ New York, D. Appleton and Company.
MORGAN, THOMAS HUNT, 1913. _Heredity and Sex._ New York, Columbia
University Press.
PUNNETT, R. C., 1911. _Mendelism._ New York, The Macmillan Company. The
best popular account of Mendelism.
SALEEBY, CALEB WILLIAM, 1909. _Parenthood and Race Culture; an Outline of
Eugenics._ London, Cassell and Company.
SCHUSTER, EDGAR, 1912. _Eugenics._ London, Collins Clear-Type Press.
THOMSON, J. ARTHUR, 1908. _Heredity._ London, John Murray.
WALTER, HERBERT EUGENE, 1913. _Genetics._ New York, The Macmillan Company.
WHETHAM, W. C. D. and C. D., 1909. _The Family and the Nation._ London,
Longmans, Green and Company.
WOODS, FREDERICK ADAMS, 1906. _Mental and Moral Heredity in Royalty._ New
York, Henry Holt and Company.
VARIOUS AUTHORS, 1914. _Eugenics; Twelve University Lectures._ New York,
Dodd, Mead and Company.
JOURNALS:
_The Journal of Heredity._ The organ of the American Genetic
Association, Washington, D. C.
_The Eugenics Review._ Issued at the University of London.
_Memoirs and Bulletins_ published by the Eugenics Record Office, Cold
Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y.
Every one interested in eugenics should be acquainted with the work of
this office. In its own words its functions are:
1. To serve eugenical interests in the capacity of repository and
clearing house.
2. To build up an analytical index of the traits of American families.
3. To train field workers to gather data of eugenical import.
4. To maintain a field force actually engaged in gathering such data.
5. To cooperate with other institutions and with persons concerned
with eugenical study.
6. To investigate the manner of inheritance of specific human traits.
7. To advise concerning the eugenical fitness of proposed marriages.
8. To publish results of researches.
To such persons as will undertake to fill them out it furnishes free
in duplicate (one copy to be retained by the applicant) the following
blank schedules: 1. _Record of Family Traits._ 2. _Index to
Germ-plasm--A Parallel Family Record for Prospective Marriage Mates._
3. _Musical Talent._ 4. _Mathematical Talent._ 5. _Tuberculosis._ 6.
_Special Trait Chart._ 7. _Harelip and Cleft-palate._
_Publications of the Volta Bureau_ of Washington, D. C., an
institution given over entirely to data regarding deaf mutes.
_Studies in National Deterioration._ The University of London.
_Memoirs and Lectures_, from the Biometric Laboratory, University of
London.
_Treasury of Human Inheritance_, a series of studies being issued from
the Eugenics Laboratory, University College, London.
INDEX
Ability: 118;
calculating, literary, musical, 120.
Able child likely to be neglected, 257.
Achondroplasy, 113.
Acquired characters, inheritance of, 121.
Adami, 164.
Adaptations, establishment of, 140.
Adaptive responses, 201.
Agassiz, 297.
Albinism, in man, 116.
Alcohol: and crime, 279;
and degeneracy, 172, 179;
and germinal tissue, 172;
a poison, 168.
Alcoholism: 101, 117, 167;
factors in, 180;
in lower animals, 173-178;
views regarding inheritance of, 169, 170, 172, 178, 179, 180.
Alkaptonuria, 117.
Allelomorph, 77.
Alpine plants, non-inheritance of acquired characters, 131.
Alternative action in behavior, 207.
Altruism, possible origin of, 220.
Ambystoma, 132.
Ameba, 23, 24.
Ancestors, number of, 4.
Ancestry: a network, 3;
dual, 6;
in royalty, 5;
pride of, as a eugenic agent, 309.
Backward child, 256.
Backwardness, importance of early determination, 256, 257.
Bardeen, 126.
Barker, 229.
Barr, 246, 247, 248.
Barrington, 179.
Bateson, 77, 82.
Bees, inheritance in, 136, 137.
Behavior: lower animals, 197;
modifiability of, 200, 204-207, 217, 219, 224, 225, 337;
not wholly established by heredity, 217, 227;
rational, 205, 206;
various forms of, possible, 207, 219.
Bell, 152.
Bezzola, 170.
Billings, 249.
Binet-Simon test, 255.
Biometry, 16.
Birthmarks, 159, 160.
Birth-rate: significance of, 302;
too low in desirable stocks, 302, 304, 305, 307.
Blastomeres, 55.
Blastophthoria, 163.
Blended inheritance, 87, 92, 93.
Blends, mistakes for, 91.
Blindness, infantile, 183.
Blistering, 113.
Body: how built up from germ, 36;
duality of, 50.
Brachydactylism, 107.
Brain: in higher animals, 213;
mechanism, maladjustments of, 230.
Branthwaite, 180, 292.
Breeding, experiments, method of, 14, 15.
Brewer, 142.
Brieux, 101.
Bronner, 266.
Brown Sequard, 132, 133.
Cabot, 183.
Cacogenic strains, 310.
Cajal, 209.
Cancer, 117, 154.
Capsella, 131.
Castle, 134.
Cataract, presenile, 112.
Cattle: horn characters, 79;
roan, 81.
Cell: a unit of structure, 20;
diagram of, 21;
structure of, 20, 30.
Cell-division: 31;
indirect (mitosis), 32;
meaning of indirect, 34.
Cell-theory, 22.
Cellular basis of heredity, 22.
Ceni, 174.
Centrosome, 31.
Cerebral cortex, not functionally homogeneous, 211.
Character: defined, 12;
dominant, 74;
recessive, 74.
Characters: contrasted, 69;
determiners of, 13, 14;
independence of, 69;
inheritable and non-inheritable, 121, 122;
more than two pairs of, 87;
new combinations of, 82, 83, 84;
separable, 69;
symbols for, 78;
two pairs of, 82.
Chauvin, 132.
Chemotropism, 198.
Childbirths, intervals between, 165.
Children of the future: ours to determine quality of, 338, 339;
and home, 338.
Cholera, 152.
Chorea: 117;
Huntington's, 113-115, 243, 325.
Chromatin, 31.
Chromosome, 32.
Chromosomes: individuality of, 39, 48;
determiners in, 94;
in germ and body cells, 40;
Mendelian factors and, 93;
number and appearance, 34, 41;
pairs of, 40, 93, 94;
significance of, in heredity, 35, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54.
Chromotropism, 198.
Church, 242.
Cleavage, 36.
Cleft-palate, 178.
Cole, 166.
College graduates and birth-rate, 304.
Coloboma, 113.
Color-blindness, 60-62.
Conceptual thought, origin of, 206.
Conduct: importance to young of practise, 221, 223;
hereditary predisposition and, 218, 337;
responsibility for, 195.
Congenital traits, 123.
Conjugation, 25.
Consciousness, 206.
Conservation: of superior strains, 157;
human, 299, 300.
Constructive eugenics, 309.
Corneal opacity, 113.
Correns, 68.
Cortex of brain, 195, 213.
Cost, of caring for our disordered and delinquent, 257, 300.
Cretins, effects of segregating the sexes, 321.
Crime: and delinquency, 263, 287;
and feeble-mindedness, 264-270;
bearings of immigration on, 280;
classifications of, 276;
defined, 276;
heredity vs. environment in, 263;
increase in, 272;
mental disorders most frequently associated with, 279;
no specific hereditary factor for, 275.
Criminal: the born, 277;
the epileptic, 277.
Criminality, 117.
Criss-cross inheritance, 61.
Criteria for judging reproductive fitness, 304, 306.
Cytoplasm: 30;
in heredity, 51.
Daltonism, 60.
Dana, 257.
Darwin, pedigree of, 316.
Davenport, 92, 116, 231, 243, 257, 271, 273, 284, 291, 304, 312.
Davis, 185.
Deaf-mutism, 152, 153.
Death, natural, 28.
Decline of nations, 290, 300.
Defective delinquent, should prevent procreation of, 335.
Defectives: increase due to breeding, 290, 291;
natural elimination done away with among, 292;
unpardonable to let multiply, 288.
Defects: breeding out, 118, 119;
mental and nervous, 228.
Degenerate strains: 269;
not a product of surroundings, 273.
Degenerates, sterilization of married, 330.
Delinquency, causes of, 267, 274.
Delinquents not all defectives, 274.
Delinquent women and girls, many mentally defective, 265, 266.
Dendrite, 208.
De Sanctis, 256.
Determiners: 13, 77;
different producing the same character, 88, 90;
segregation of, 84.
Development: in higher organisms, 28;
suppressed, 9.
De Vries, 68.
Diabetes, 113.
Difficulty, educational value of, 222, 223.
Digital malformations, 107.
Dihybrids, 82.
Diploid number of chromosomes, 41, 43.
Disease: defined, 146;
inheritance of, 98, 148;
predisposition to, 148;
reappearance of not necessarily inheritance, 146.
Dominance: 74;
delayed, 81;
incomplete, 80, 100;
in human genealogies, 102;
in man, 99, 107.
Don Carlos, number of ancestors, 5.
Drosophila, 66.
Duplex character, 80, 99.
Dwarfing, by starvation, 130.
Dwarfs, true, 117.
East, 91.
Education: actual practise in carrying out projects important, 221;
affording opportunity for development of good traits, 226;
effects of not inherited, 142, 155;
establishing pathways through the nervous system, 210;
importance of difficulty in, 222, 223;
non-transference of skill acquired in one line to other lines, 213;
providing proper stimuli, 226;
training in motive necessary, 220;
value of interest in, 223.
Egg, a cell, 22.
Egg-cell and sperm-cell contrasted, 29.
Elderton, 179, 296.
Electrotropism, 198.
Ellis, 265, 301.
Embryo, relation to mother, 161.
Embryogeny, 36.
Emerick, 251.
Environment: direct action on germ cells, 124, 125;
effects of faulty, 158;
in crime and delinquency, 263, 266, 273, 274.
Epidermolysis, 113.
Epilepsy: 101, 117, 242, 249, 251, 252, 253;
in guinea-pigs, 132;
relation to feeble-mindedness, 249.
Epileptic, the criminal type, 277-279.
Epileptics, number of, 230, 246, 250.
Eugenic agent, educated public sentiment, 330.
Eugenics: and education, 309;
and personal liberty, 332;
a working program of, 335;
constructive, based on education, 301;
defined, 293;
desirable traits, 306;
education of women in, 333;
influence of public opinion on, 331;
much yet to be done, 333, 334;
positive and negative, 301.
Ewart, 10, 165.
Exceptional child likely to be neglected, 257.
Experimental breeding, method of, 15.
External conditions, influences of, 130.
Eye-color: 9, 103;
inheritance of, 104.
Eye-defects, 108, 110.
Family pride and eugenics, 309.
Farabee, 106.
Fay, 153.
Feeble-minded: prevention of procreation in, 258, 335;
results of non-restraint, 246.
Feeble-mindedness: 101, 117;
and crime, 264-269, 279;
grades of, 244;
inheritance of, 245;
not insanity, 238;
relation of alcohol to, 169-172.
Fernald, 256, 266.
Fertilization, 26, 29, 47, 48.
Fetus: poisoning of, 162;
relation to mother, 161.
Fiber-tracts in man, 214.
Fitness, criteria for judging, 304, 306.
Flexner, 186.
Forel, 169, 173, 303.
Fowl, Andalusian, 69, 70, 71.
Frederick the Great, number of ancestors, 5.
Friedreich's disease, 117.
Fruit-fly, 66.
Galton, 293, 295.
Gamete, 28, 40.
Gametes in dihybrids, 85.
Gametic matings in man, 100.
Geddes, 55.
Genealogies, imperfect, 98.
Genotype, 86.
Geotropism, 198.
Germ and body distinct, 37, 38.
Germ: control of possibilities in, 224;
singleness of, 50.
German emperor, number of ancestors, 5.
Germ-cells: affected by poisons, 126;
changes in, 126, 127;
early set apart, 37;
question of effects of body on, 128, 135;
effects of external influences on, 124;
in Miastor, 37, 38;
metabolic changes in, 138;
origin of, 36, 37;
possibilities of development, 127;
two classes of, 71, 73.
Germinal continuity, 39.
Germinal variation and the origin of new characters: 138;
cases analyzed, 141;
sexual reproduction in relation to, 138.
Germ-plasm and bad environment, 194.
Gifted persons, 212.
Glaucoma, 113.
Goddard, 118, 171, 174, 188, 235, 238, 245, 250, 256, 257, 264, 269, 326.
Gonads, transplantation of, 134.
Gonorrhoea: seriousness of, 182;
prevalence, 183.
Gorst, 234.
Gout, 153, 234.
Guinea-pigs: alcoholism in, 175;
Mendelism in, 75.
Guyer, 59.
Habit, 219.
Habits, modification of in lower animals, 204.
Hair-color, 105.
Hair shape, 105.
Hamburger, 150.
Handwriting, 120.
Haploid number of chromosomes, 41, 43.
Harelip, 178.
Hart, 266, 319, 326.
Healy, 256, 274, 278.
Hearing, hardness of, 118.
Heart disease, 154.
Hegner, 27, 38.
Heliotropism, 198.
Helm, 109, 111.
Hemophilia, 64.
Hereditary character defined, 12.
Hereditary mingling, mosaic rather than blend, 13.
Hereditary transmission, laws of, 68.
Heredity: and environment, 295;
dual ancestry in, 6;
defined, 1;
false, 163;
human, uncertainty of records, 98;
in protozoa, 22, 23;
in insanity, importance of, 261;
in sexually reproducing forms, 7;
in unicellular forms, 22, 23;
methods of study, 14, 15;
new discoveries in, 67;
not a blend, 13;
race betterment through, 289.
Heritage, blood, 1.
Heron, 307.
Heterozygote: 80;
detection of, 80.
Hill-folk, the, 271.
Hodge, 175.
Holmes, 203.
Home, for children, 338.
Homozygote, 80.
Huntington's chorea, 113-115, 243, 325.
Huxley, 195, 205.
Hybrids: 52;
whites and negroes, 297, 298.
Hypotrichosis, 113.
Hysteria, 117.
Ichthyosis, 65.
Ideals, importance of establishing in children, 223.
Idiots, 244.
Imbeciles, 244.
Immigrants, duty of excluding undesirable, 335.
Immigration: and mental unsoundness, 281, 282;
bearing on crime and delinquency, 280;
bearing on venereal diseases, 282;
importance of restricting, 283, 335.
Immortality: of protozoa, 23;
of the race, 3.
Immunity, artificial, not inherited, 155.
Inbreeding, in defectives, 271.
Individual, and race, 3.
Inebriate women, offspring of, 168.
Inebriety, constitutional, 180.
Infant mortality, 149.
Infection, prenatal, 147.
Inheritance: and disease, 146;
blended, 87, 93;
of tendencies, 107.
Inhibitions, 216.
Inhibitors, 79.
Insane, increase in numbers of, 233, 234.
Insanity: 117;
certain forms recessive, 243;
eugenical significance of, 234, 235, 240;
importance of early diagnosis, 259;
some forms not hereditary, 260;
types of, 239;
prevalence in the United States, 228, 229.
Insect colors, effect of temperature, 129.
Instincts: 203;
adjustable, 203;
not inherited acquirements, 144;
origin of intelligent behavior from, 203, 204.
Institutional figures misleading, 266.
Intelligence, 205, 206.
Intelligent behavior, opening up possibilities of, 204.
Ireland, 171.
Irritability, characteristics of living protoplasm, 197.
Jennings, 203, 204.
Johnson, 305.
Johnstone, 245, 319, 320, 321.
Jolly, 243.
Jordan, 4, 299.
Jukes, 270.
Kallikak family, 269, 270.
Kellicott, 314, 316.
Kellogg, 299.
Keratosis, 113.
Kidney diseases, 154.
Kirby, 187, 324.
Knox, 256.
Kraeplin, 242.
Laitinen, 174.
Language, as mental aid, 206, 207.
Lapsed intelligence, theory of, 145.
Larval stages, susceptibility of, 128.
Laws, sterilization, 323, 327, 329.
Lead-poisoning: 163;
experiments on rabbits, 163.
Lederbaur, 131.
Legal restraint of defectives limited, 331.
Lens: displaced, 113;
cataract, 112.
Leprosy, 152.
Leptinotarsa, production of variations in, 125.
Linden, Countess von, 129.
Linin, 31.
Little's disease, 215.
Locomotor ataxia, 187.
Loeb, 62, 203.
Longevity, 120.
Lord Morton's mare, 10.
Lorenz, 113, 114, 115.
Low birth-rate, 308.
Lowell, Judge John, 312.
Luetin test, 188.
Lunborg, 243.
MacDougal, 125.
Margaret, Mother of Criminals, 270.
Marriage: barriers to, 331;
inter-racial, 296;
medical inspection before, 191.
Mast, 203.
Maternal impressions, 159-160.
Maturation: 39, 41, 43, 44;
parallel between egg and sperm-cell, 44, 46.
Mechanical skill, 120.
Mechanism of heredity, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 35, 37, 40-54, 94, 95.
Melancholia and crime, 279.
Memory: 120, 204;
not a complete test of normality, 268, 269.
Mendel: 68;
work on peas, 82.
Mendelian factors and chromosomes: 93;
inheritance and man, 97;
principles, rediscovery of, 68;
ratio, cause of, 71.
Mendelism, 67, 69.
Mental and nervous defects, 228.
Mental defective: defined, 255;
disproportionate increase in, 232;
numbers married, 231, 232;
inefficiency of marriage laws concerning, 315.
Mental deficiency: not always inherited, 248;
tests for, 254, 255.
Mental organization of lower vertebrates, 205.
Mental process as neural process, 195.
Mental unsoundness, 196.
Mentality, inheritance of, 19.
Mentally disordered, cost of caring for, 257, 258.
Mercier, 279.
Merriere's disease, 117.
Metazoa, 28.
Metz, 41.
Mice, 78.
Michigan, state report on mentally defective, 234.
Migraine, 101.
Mind, relation to brain, 195.
Mitosis: 32, 33;
meaning of, 34, 37.
Mjoeen, 171.
Modifiability of behavior, 200, 204, 205, 207, 217, 219, 224, 225, 337.
Mongolians, 248.
Moral responsibility, 227.
Morgan, C. Lloyd, 146, 211.
Morgan, T. H., 59, 66.
Moron, 244, 268.
Morons and crime, 268.
Mosaic, heredity a, 13.
Motherhood, safeguarding, 165.
Motive, training in, 220.
Mott, 150.
Mulattoes, 92.
Multiple sclerosis, 64, 117.
Muscular atrophy: 113;
Gower's, 65.
Musical ability, 120.
Mutations: artificial production of, 125;
germinal, 125.
Mutilations, non-inheritance of, 134.
Myopia, 64.
Naegeli, 131.
Nam family, 271.
Natural selection partly done away with in human society, 292.
Near-sightedness, 64.
Nervous and mental diseases, 153.
Nervous organization, inheritable, 242.
Nervous response, in lower organisms, 196.
Nervous system: mainly inherited, 210, 216;
establishment of pathways in, 210;
maladjustments of, 231;
special developments in man, 213, 214, 215;
units of, 208.
Nervous systems of anthropoids, 214.
Neural pathways, not all established at birth, 217.
Neuritis optica, 65.
Neurons, 208.
Neuron theory, 208.
Neuropathic constitution, expression of, 241.
Neuropathic defects, carriers of, 253.
Neuter insects, heredity in, 136, 137.
New characters, origin of, 138.
Newman, 56.
Nicloux, 172.
Night-blindness, 65.
Nilsson-Ehle, 88, 89.
Noguchi, 186.
Nucleolus, 31.
Nucleus, structure of, 31.
Nulliplex character, 80, 100.
Obesity, 120, 154.
Offspring: from one parent only, 5;
different from either parent, 12.
Ooecyte, primary, secondary, 44.
Ooegenesis, 44.
Ooegonia, 44.
Optic nerve, atrophy of, 64.
Organs, formation of, 36.
Origin of sex cells, 12, 36.
Ovaries, transplantation of, 134.
Ovum, 26, 40.
Paralysis, general, 186.
Paranoia, 279.
Parent-body and germ distinct, 12.
Parenthood, cultivation of wholesome sentiment toward, 336.
Paresis: 186;
and crime, 279.
Parthenogenesis, 6.
Patterson, 56.
Paul, 163.
Pearson, 150, 151, 179, 296, 307.
Peas, 68, 82.
Performance tests, 256.
Peron, 133.
Personality determined by heredity, 2, 195.
Peterson, 242.
Phenotype, 86.
Phillips, 134, 135.
Phototropism, 198.
Pinard, 165.
Pineys, the, 271.
Plato, 290.
Poellman, 271.
Polar bodies, 44, 45.
Polydactyly, 108.
Potato-beetle, production of variations in, 125.
Potts, 292.
Predisposition to disease, 148.
Pregnancy, neglect of mothers during, 165.
Prenatal care: 336;
infection, 147;
influence, 11, 159, 162.
Prenuptial medical inspection desirable, 336.
Presence and absence theory: 78;
formulae for man, 99.
Primrose, experiments on, 125.
Principles, Mendelian, 68.
Prisoners, many mentally subnormal, 266.
Pronucleus, 47.
Protective coloration, not of somatic origin, 135, 136.
Protoplasm, germinal, 39.
Psychical development, 196, 203, 205, 206, 213, 215.
Pyramidal tracts, 214.
Quagga hybrid, 10.
Race amalgamation: 297, 298;
deterioration, in a selected population, 303.
Racial degeneracy, not curable by improved environment alone, 294.
Ratio: the 1:2:1, 73;
the 3:1, 77;
the 9:3:3:1, 85;
the 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1, 87;
the 15:1, 88;
the 63:1, 90.
Rational behavior, 205, 206.
Reason, 206.
Recessiveness: 74;
in man, 115.
Records of family traits desirable, 337.
Reduction division, 41, 42.
Reflexes, 203.
Regression, law of, 17.
Renault, 172.
Rentoul, 232.
Reproduction: asexual, 6, 26;
sexual, 26;
sexual and variation, 139.
Reproductive cells, 27, 28, 29.
Responsibility for conduct, 195.
Rest, importance of, in pregnancy, 165.
Reversion: 7, 8;
and atavism, 8;
in guinea-chicken hybrids, 8.
Rheotropism, 198.
Rheumatism, 154.
Ritter, 143.
Rogers, 246, 272.
Romanes, 133.
Rosanoff, 243.
Rossolimo, 256.
Rudin, 243.
Salpingectomy, 322.
Sanford, 205.
St. Vitus' dance, 117.
Schulze, 24.
Schuster, 296.
Sclerosis, multiple, 64, 117.
Segregation: in dihybrids, 84;
Mendelian, 69, 70, 75;
of defectives, 318.
Seguin, 256.
Self-control, importance of, 221, 267, 268, 284, 286, 287.
Sex: and chromosomes, 59;
and heredity, 53;
cells of Volvox, 25;
chromosome, 57, 58;
determination, 55;
differentiation and X-element, 60;
evolution of, 25-30;
hygiene, question of school instruction in, 285;
in certain insects, 56;
linked characters, 60, 65;
not a necessary factor in heredity, 6;
problem, knowledge alone not sufficient, 286.
Sexual vice, 284.
Sharp, 322.
Simplex character, 80, 99.
Skill, non-transference in brain, 212, 213.
Skin, color of, 92.
Smallpox, 152.
Social maladies, prevention of, 293.
Softening of the brain, 186.
Soma, 28.
Spermatid, 43.
Spermatocyte, primary, secondary, 43.
Spermatogenesis, 42.
Spermatogonium, 43.
Spermatazoon: 26, 40;
a cell, 22;
formation of, 43;
structure of, 43.
Spindle, in cell-division, 32.
Spottedness of hair-coat, 113.
Sprague, 281, 305.
Starfish, training a, 204.
Statistical methods, 15.
Statistics, trustworthy needed, 334.
Stature, inheritance of, 17.
Stereotropism, 198.
Sterility, 182.
Sterilization: 322;
in epilepsy, 326;
laws, 323;
laws, on trial, 329;
laws, states having, 327.
Stevens, 41.
Stockard, 174-178.
Strength, muscular, 120.
Stripes, reversionary, 8.
Stutzman, 305.
Sullivan, 168.
Superior strains, conservation of, 157.
Synapse, 210.
Synapsis, 41, 42.
Syndactyly, 65, 108, 111.
Syphilis: 184-190;
and prostitutes, 185;
cerebro-spinal form, 189-190;
prenuptial inspection for, 190-192;
prevalence, 186;
stages of, 185;
tests for, 188.
Syphilitics: children of, 187, 188;
married, 190.
Tabes dorsalis, 186.
Taints, 101.
Talent, inheritance of, 212.
Taylor, 297.
Telegony, alleged cases of, 10.
Temperament, inheritance of, 19.
Thermotropism, 198.
Thigmotropism, 198.
Third generation, segregation in, 69.
Thomsen's disease, 118.
Thomson, 55.
Thorndike, 296.
Tower, 125.
Training of children: and heredity, 218;
faults in, 221, 222.
Transmission, not necessarily inheritance, 163.
Tredgold, 170.
Treponema pallidum, 185.
Tribe of Ishmael, 271.
Tropic responses: often purposeful, 201;
uncertainties in, 202.
Tropisms: 197;
complications in, 200;
in plants and animals, 198;
relations to reflex actions and instincts, 203.
Tschermak, 68.
Tuberculosis, 118, 148-160, 162.
Twins: identical, 55;
sex of, 55.
Typhoid, 152.
Unemployed, frequently morons, 280.
Unfit, elimination of, urgent, 313.
Unit-character: 12;
inheritance of, 13.
Unicellular organisms: 21;
inheritance in, 22, 23.
Use and disuse, 122.
Van Ingen, 167.
Vasectomy, 322.
Venereal disease, 182.
Virchow, 147.
Voison, 133.
Volitions as tropisms, 199.
Volvox, 25, 26, 27.
War, eugenical effects of, 299.
Wasserman, provocative, 189.
Wasserman test, 188, 189.
Webbed digits, 65.
Weeks, 251, 252, 253, 291.
West, 167.
Wheat, 75, 81, 88.
Whetham, 314, 316.
Whitman, 145.
Wilmarth, 243, 245, 274, 291.
Wilson, 59, 62, 94, 95.
Woods, 296.
X-element, 57, 58.
Zebra hybrids, 10.
Zeros, the, 271.
Zygote: 26, 27;
chromosomes of, 40.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The reader desiring more detailed information will find fuller
discussions in the following:
Wilson, E. B.: _Recent Researches on the Determination and Heredity of
Sex_. Science, January 8, 1909.
Wilson, E. B.: _The Chromosomes in Relation to the Determination of Sex_.
Science Progress, April, 1910.
Guyer, M. F.: _Recent Progress in Some Lines of Cytology_. Transactions of
the American Microscopical Society, April, 1911.
Morgan, T. H.: _Heredity and Sex_. Columbia University Press, 1913.
[2] A translation of Mendel's original papers will be found in _Mendel's
Principles of Heredity_, by W. Bateson.
[3] _Heredity of Skin Color in Negro and White Crosses_: Publication No.
188, of the _Carnegie Institution of Washington_.
[4] Whitman, C. O.: _Animal Behavior, Biological Lectures_, Marine
Biological Laboratory, 1898.
[5] _The Fight Against Tuberculosis and the Death Rate from Phthisis_,
London, Dulau & Co., 1911.
[6] Forel, August: _The Sexual Question_, p. 268.
[7] Loc. cit. p. 251.
[8] In this connection it is instructive to note from a Michigan state
report, just off the press, that, among 4,917 insane individuals
concerning whom satisfactory information was obtained, 65.4 per cent. "had
among their ancestors or family such hereditary influences as insanity,
apoplexy or paralysis, psychopathic abnormalities or alcoholism." See
_Report of the Commission to Investigate the Extent of Feeble-mindedness,
Epilepsy, Insanity and Other Conditions of Mental Defectiveness in
Michigan_. Wynkoop Hollenbeck Crawford Co., State Printers, Lansing,
Michigan, 1915.
[9] _Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences_, by Henry H. Goddard,
The Macmillan Company, 1914.
[10] _The Binet-Simon Measuring Scale for Intelligence_, by Henry H.
Goddard, 1911. The Training School, Vineland, N. J. Price 15 cents.
[11] "Tests for Mental Defects," by Howard A. Knox, _Journal of Heredity_,
March, 1914. See also Knox: _Journal of the American Medical Association_,
1914.
[12] _The Individual Delinquent_, by William Healy, M. D. Little, Brown &
Co., Boston.
[13] _The Individual Delinquent_, by William Healy, M. D. Little, Brown &
Co., Boston.
[14] The Psycopathic Laboratory in connection with the Juvenile Court of
Chicago.
[15] See "The Foreign Born in the United States." _The National Geographic
Magazine_, September, 1914.
[16] See First Report of the Committee of the Eugenic Section of the
American Breeders' Association, "On Immigration", _American Breeders'
Magazine_, Vol. III, No. 4, 1912. Also Second Report of same, _The Journal
of Heredity_, July, 1914.
[17] "The Negro and His Health Problems," _Medical Record_, September 12,
1912.
[18] See D. S. Jordan, _The Human Harvest_, or V. L. Kellogg, _Eugenics
and Militarism_.
[19] For arguments indicating the superior eugenical fitness of college
graduates see "Wellesley's Birth-Rate," by Roswell H. Johnson and Bertha
Stutzman, _The Journal of Heredity_, June, 1915. See also, "Education and
Race Suicide," by Robert J. Sprague, _ibid._, April, 1915.
[20] Since the present manuscript went to press an excellent government
report (_Insane and Feeble-Minded in Institutions in 1910_, Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1914, Washington, D. C.) has appeared. In
it one finds the estimate that not over one-tenth of our feeble-minded are
being cared for in special institutions.
[21] For summaries of existing sterilization laws and statements of the
issues involved see (1) _The Legal, Legislative, and Administrative
Aspects of Sterilisation_, Bulletin 10B, February 3, 1914, Eugenics Record
Office, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.; (2) _Sterilisation of Criminals_,
Report of Committee H of the American Institute of Criminal Law and
Criminology, Bulletin No. XV, September, 1914.
Transcriber's Notes:
Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.
Passages in bold are indicated by =bold=.
Superscripted characters are indicated by ^{superscript}.
Subscripted characters are indicated by _{subscript}.
The original text contains a few letters with diacritical marks that are
not represented in this text version.
The original text contains male and female symbols. These are represented
as [male] and [female].