TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
This book was published in 1865. It was, as the Preface notes, a
“literal” and “exact” copy of the original book published in 1674,
and so retained the spelling, the punctuation and the copious
italicizing of the original. (The errata in the 1674 book were
applied.)
This etext maintains this careful reproduction of the 1674 text,
with some exceptions that are noted at the end of the book.
The page numbers of the 1674 book are embedded in the text and
etext in [] brackets; for example [p. 75.]
The 1865 publisher inserted two corrections in [] brackets; they
have been retained in this etext without change:
page 9: “the Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern”
page 157: “20 English miles, [leagues?] or 60 miles”.
The dates in the book of course accord with the Julian calendar.
Dual dating was (sometimes) used for events between January 1st
and March 25th (the end of a Julian year), for example on page
204: “the 24 of _January_ 1659/60 landed at”.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
The tables in this book are best viewed using a monospace font.
[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)]
TWO VOYAGES
TO
NEW-ENGLAND.
[Illustration: (Decorative icon.)]
_AN ACCOUNT_
OF
TWO VOYAGES
TO
_NEW-ENGLAND_,
Made during the years 1638, 1663.
_By JOHN JOSSELYN, Gent._
[Illustration: (Publisher colophon.)]
Boston:
WILLIAM VEAZIE.
MDCCCLXV.
Two Hundred and Fifty Copies printed, Small Quarto.
_Riverside, Cambridge_:
Printed by H. O. HOUGHTON & CO.
[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)]
PUBLISHER’S PREFACE.
The work published by Josselyn in 1672, entitled “New England’s
Rarities discovered,” which has been reprinted in a similar form,
and as a companion volume to the present, contains a full and
detailed account of the family of the author, with many curious
facts relating to the personal history of this early explorer of
New England; but it has been thought expedient to prefix to his
narrative a genealogical chart of the family, copied from a paper
among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, the substance
of which has been printed in the “New England Historical and
Genealogical Register,” and which is now kindly furnished for
publication by Samuel G. Drake, Esq. The table now published will
be found generally to confirm the information given in the account
of the family already published.
The first of the “Two Voyages” of Josselyn, of which he gives an
account in the present work, was undertaken in the year 1638,
only eight years after the settlement of Boston, and when, to use
his own words, “it was rather a village than a town, there being
not above twenty or thirty houses;” while the second visit of the
author to New England took place in 1663, after an absence of
twenty-five years, and when the town had assumed the proportions of
a flourishing seaport. On this occasion he appears to have remained
in New England for eight years, the principal part of which was
spent on the plantation of his brother, Henry Josselyn, at Black
Point.
This work is the latest of the author’s productions, and was
not given to the public until 1674. It was reprinted by the
Massachusetts Historical Society in 1833, and may be found in
the third volume of the third series of their collections.
Josselyn’s observations on the natural history of the country, his
descriptions of the various plants and notices of their medicinal
effects, are more full and exact in the present work than in the
“New England’s Rarities,” printed two years earlier, and must be
considered as among the most valuable of those given by the early
botanists of New England.
The political and theological opinions of Josselyn were not
in accordance with those generally received in the Colonies,
particularly in the later years of his life. On this subject, Prof.
Tuckerman, in his Introduction to the work last mentioned, remarks
that, “In the account of his first voyage, there is no appearance
of that dislike to the Massachusetts government and people which
is observable in the narrative of the second; and may there not
unfairly be connected with his brother’s political and religious
differences with Massachusetts.” There is sufficient evidence in
this work to show that the sympathies of the author were enlisted
in the royal cause, and there appears to be little ground for
admitting his supposed complicity in the fruitless insurrection in
the north of England in 1663, or his identity with the “Capt. John
Jossline” mentioned by the late Rev. Joseph Hunter in his account
of the family.
The chronological table appended to his “New-England’s Rarities”
is greatly enlarged in the present work, and continued to the year
1674.
In reprinting this rare and curious volume, great care has been
taken to make it a _literal_ and _exact copy_ of the original,
the proofs having been carefully collated with a copy of the work
belonging to the Library of Harvard College.
BOSTON, _June 15, 1865_.
AN
ACCOUNT
OF TWO
VOYAGES
TO
NEW-ENGLAND.
Wherein you have the setting out of a Ship, With the charges; The
prices of all necessaries for furnishing a Planter & his Family
at his first coming; A Description of the Country, Natives and
Creatures; The Government of the Countrey as it is now possessed
by the _English_, &c. A large Chronological Table of the most
remarkable passages from the first discovering of the Continent
of _America_, to the year 1673.
By _John Josselyn_ Gent.
The Second Addition.
Memner. distich rendred English by Dr. _Heylin_.
_Heart, take thine ease,
Men hard to please
Thou haply might’st offend,
Though one speak ill
Of thee, some will
Say better; there’s an end._
_London_ Printed for _G. Widdowes_ at the _Green Dragon_ in St.
_Pauls_ Church-yard, 1675.
_LICENSED_
BY
Roger L’estrange,
_Novemb._ the
28. 1673.
TO THE
RIGHT HONOURABLE,
AND
MOST ILLUSTRIOUS
THE
President & Fellows
OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY:
The following Account of Two
VOYAGES
TO
New-England,
Is Most Humbly presented
By the Authour
_John Josselyn_.
[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)]
A
RELATION
OF TWO
VOYAGES
TO
New-England.
_The first Voyage._
_Anno Dom._ 1638. _April_ the 26th being _Thursday_, I came
to _Gravesend_ and went aboard the _New Supply_, _alias_, the
_Nicholas of London_, a Ship of good force, of 300 Tuns burden,
carrying 20 Sacre and Minion, man’d with 48 Sailers, the Master
_Robert Taylor_, the Merchant or undertaker Mr. _Edward Tinge_,
with 164 Passengers men, women and children.
[p. 2.] At _Gravesend_ I began my Journal, from whence we departed
on the 26. of _April_, about Six of the clock at night, and went
down into the _Hope_.
The 27. being _Fryday_, we set sail out of the _Hope_, and about
Nine of the clock at night we came to an Anchor in _Margaret_-Road
in three fathom and a half water: by the way we past a States man
of war, of 500 Tun, cast away a month before upon the _Goodwin_,
nothing remaining visible above water but her main mast top, 16 of
her men were drowned, the rest saved by Fishermen.
The 28. we twined into the Downs, where Captain _Clark_ one of His
Majesties Captains in the Navy, came aboard of us in the afternoon,
and prest two of our Trumpeters. Here we had good store of
Flounders from the Fishermen, new taken out of the Sea and living,
which being readily gutted, were fry’d while they were warm; me
thoughts I never tasted of a delicater Fish in all my life before.
The Third of _May_ being _Ascension_ day, in the afternoon we
weighed out of the _Downs_, the wind at _E._ and ran down into
_Dover_ Road, and lay by the lee, whilst they sent the Skiffe
ashore for one of the Masters mates: by the way we past _Sandwich_
in the [p. 3.] _Hope_, _Sandown-Castle_, _Deal_; So we steered
away for _Doniesse_, from thence we steered _S. W. ½S._ for the
_Beachie_, about one of the clock at night the wind took us a
stayes with a gust, rain, thunder and lightning, and now a Servant
of one of the passengers sickned of the small pox.
The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored, the _Isle_ of _Wight_
_W. N. W._ 10 leagues off, _Beachie_ _E. N. E._ 8 leagues off,
rode in 32 fathom water at low water, at 8 of the clock at night
the land over the Needles bore _N. W._ 4 leagues off, we steered
_W._ afore the Start, at noon the Boult was _N. W._ by _W._ about
3½ leagues off, we were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the
morning, till 12 of the clock at noon, where we took good store of
_Whitings_, and half a score _Gurnets_, this afternoon an infinite
number of _Porpisces_ shewed themselves above water round about
the Ship, as far as we could kenn, the night proved tempestuous
with much lightning and thunder.
The Sixth day being _Sunday_, at five of the clock at night the
_Lizard_ was _N. W._ by _W._ 6 leagues off, and the _Blackhead_
which is to the westward of _Falmouth_ was _N. W._ about 5 leagues
off.
The Seventh day the uttermost part of _Silly_ was _N. E._ 12
leagues off, and now we began to sail by the logg.
[p. 4.] The Eighth day, one _Boremans_ man a passenger was duck’d
at the main yards arm (for being drunk with his Masters strong
waters which he stole) thrice, and fire given to two whole Sacree,
at that instant. Two mighty Whales we now saw, the one spouted
water through two great holes in her head into the Air a great
height, and making a great noise with puffing and blowing, the
Seamen called her a Soufler; the other was further off, about
a league from the Ship, fighting with the Sword-fish, and the
Flail-fish, whose stroakes with a fin that growes upon her back
like a flail, upon the back of the Whale, we heard with amazement:
when presently some more than half as far again we spied a spout
from above, it came pouring down like a River of water; So that
if they should light in any Ship, she were in danger to presently
sunk down into the Sea, and falleth with such an extream violence
all whole together as one drop, or as water out of a Vessel, and
dured a quarter of an hour, making the Sea to boyle like a pot,
and if any Vessel be near, it sucks it in. I saw many of these
spouts afterwards at nearer distance. In the afternoon the Mariners
struck a Porpisce, called also a _Marsovius_ or Sea-hogg, with an
harping Iron, and hoisted her aboard, [p. 5.] they cut some of it
into thin pieces, and fryed, it tasts like rusty Bacon, or hung
Beef, if not worse; but the Liver boiled and soused sometime in
Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat. About 8 of the clock at
night, a flame settled upon the main mast, it was about the bigness
of a great Candle, and is called by our Seamen St. _Elmes_ fire,
it comes before a storm, and is commonly thought to be a Spirit;
if two appear they prognosticate safety: These are known to the
learned by the names of _Castor_ and _Pollux_, to the _Italians_ by
St. _Nicholas_ and St. _Hermes_, by the _Spaniards_ called _Corpos
Santos_.
The Ninth day, about two of the clock in the afternoon, we found
the head of our main mast close to the cap twisted and shivered,
and we presently after found the fore-top-mast crackt a little
above the cap; So they wolled them both, and about two of the clock
in the morning 7 new long Boat oars brake away from our Starboard
quarter with a horrid crack.
The Eleventh day, they observed and made the Ship to be in latitude
48 degrees 46 minuts, having a great Sea all night; about 6 of
the clock in the morning we spake with Mr. _Rupe_ in a Ship of
_Dartmouth_, which came from _Marcelloes_; and now is _Silly_ _N.
E._ by _E._ 34 leagues off; [p. 6.] about 9 of the clock at night
we sounded, and had 85 fathom water, small brownish pepperie sand,
with a small piece of _Hakes_ Tooth, and now we are 45 leagues off
the _Lizard_, great Seas all night, and now we see to the _S. W._
six tall Ships, the wind being _S. W._
The Twelfth day being _Whitsunday_, at prayer-time we found the
Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern, and also the partie that
was sick of the small pox now dyed, whom we buried in the Sea,
tying a bullet (as the manner is) to his neck, and another to his
leggs, turned him out at a Port-hole, giving fire to a great Gun.
In the afternoon one _Martin Ivy_ a stripling, servant to Captain
_Thomas Cammock_ was whipt naked at the Cap-stern, with a Cat with
Nine tails, for filching 9 great Lemmons out of the _Chirurgeons_
Cabbin, which he eat rinds and all in less than an hours time.
The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke, a great one, and hoisted him
aboard with his two Companions (for there is never a Sharke, but
hath a mate or two) that is the Pilot-fish or Pilgrim, which lay
upon his back close to a long finn; the other fish (somewhat bigger
than the Pilot) about two foot long, called a _Remora_, it hath
no scales and sticks close to the Sharkes belly. [p. 7.] So the
Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon, a small fish for his mate, marching
before him, and guiding him; which I have seen likewise. The Seamen
divided the Sharke into quarters, and made more quarter about it
than the Purser, when he makes five quarters of an Oxe, and after
they had cooked him, he proved very rough Grain’d not worthy
of wholesome preferment; but in the afternoon we took store of
_Bonitoes_, or Spanish _Dolphins_, a fish about the size of a large
Mackarel, beautified with admirable varietie of glittering colours
in the water, and was excellent food.
The Fourteenth day we spake with a _Plimouth_ man (about dinner
time) bound for _New-found-land_, who having gone up west-ward
sprang a leak, and now bore back for _Plimouth_. Now was _Silly_
50 leagues off, and now many of the passengers fall sick of the
small Pox and Calenture.
The Sixteenth Mr. _Clarke_, who came out of the _Downs_ with us,
and was bound for the Isle of _Providence_, one of the summer
Islands; the _Spaniards_ having taken it a little before, though
unknown to _Clarke_, and to Captain _Nathaniel Butler_ going
Governour, they departed from us the Wind _N. W._ great Seas and
stormie winds all night.
[p. 8.] The Seventeenth day, the wind at _N. W._ about 8 of the
clock we saw 5 great Ships bound for the _Channel_, which was to
the Westward of us, about two leagues off, we thought them to be
_Flemmings_; here we expected to have met with Pirates, but were
happily deceived.
The One and twentieth day, the wind _S._ by _W._ great Seas and
Wind, in’d our courses, and tryed from 5 of the clock afternoon,
till 4 in the morning, the night being very stormie and dark; we
lost Mr. _Goodlad_ and his Ship, who came out with us, and bound
for _Boston_ in _New-England_.
The Eight and twentieth day, all this while a very great grown Sea
and mighty winds.
_June_ the first day in the afternoon, very thick foggie weather,
we sailed by an inchanted Island, saw a great deal of filth and
rubbish floating by the Ship, heard _Cawdimawdies_, _Sea-gulls_
and _Crowes_, (Birds that always frequent the shoar) but could see
nothing by reason of the mist: towards Sunset, when we were past
the Island, it cleared up.
The Fourteenth day of _June_, very foggie weather, we sailed by
an Island of Ice (which lay on the Star-board side) three leagues
in length mountain high, in form of [p. 9.] land, with Bayes and
Capes like high clift land, and a River pouring off it into the
Sea. We saw likewise two or three Foxes, or Devils skipping upon
it. These Islands of Ice are congealed in the North, and brought
down in the spring-time with the Current to the banks on this side
_New-found-land_, and there stopt, where they dissolve at last
to water; by that time we had sailed half way by it, we met with
a _French_ Pickeroon. Here it was as cold as in the middle of
_January_ in _England_, and so continued till we were some leagues
beyond it.
The Sixteenth day we sounded, and found 35 fathom water, upon the
bank of _New-found-land_, we cast out our hooks for Cod-fish,
thick foggie weather, the Codd being taken on a Sunday morning,
the Sectaries aboard threw those their servants took into the Sea
again, although they wanted fresh victuals, but the Sailers were
not so nice, amongst many that were taken, we had some that were
wasted Fish, & it is observable and very strange, that fishes
bodies do grow slender with age, their Tails and Heads retaining
their former bigness; Fish of all Creatures have generally the
biggest heads, and the first part that begins to taint in a fish is
the head.
The Nineteenth day, Captain _Thomas Cammock_ [p. 10.] (a near
kinsman of the Earl of _Warwicks_) now had another lad _Thomas
Jones_, that dyed of the small pox at eight of the clock at night.
The Twentieth day, we saw a great number of Sea-bats, or Owles,
called also flying fish, they are about the bigness of a Whiting,
with four tinsel wings, with which they fly as long as they are
wet, when pursued by other fishes. Here likewise we saw many
Grandpisces or Herring-hogs, hunting the scholes of Herrings, in
the afternoon we saw a great fish called the _vehuella_ or Sword
fish, having a long, strong and sharp finn like a Sword-blade on
the top of his head, with which he pierced our Ship, and broke
it off with striving to get loose, one of our Sailers dived and
brought it aboard.
The One and twentieth day, we met with two _Bristow_ men bound for
_New-England_, and now we are 100 and 75 leagues off _Cape-Sable_,
the sandy _Cape_, for so _Sable_ in French signifieth, off of which
lyeth the Isle of _Sable_, which is beyond _New-found-land_, where
they take the _Amphibious_ Creature, the _Walrus_, _Mors_, or
_Sea-Horse_.
The Two and twentieth, another passenger dyed of a Consumption. Now
we passed by the Southern part of _New-found-land_, [p. 11.] within
sight of it; the Southern part of _New-found-land_ is said to be
not above 600 leagues from _England_.
The Six and twentieth day, Capt. _Thomas Cammock_ went aboard of a
Barke of 300 Tuns, laden with Island Wine, and but 7 men in her,
and never a Gun, bound for _Richmonds_ Island, set out by Mr.
_Trelaney_, of _Plimouth_, exceeding hot weather now.
The Eight and twentieth, one of Mr. _Edward Ting’s_ the undertakers
men now dyed of the Phthisick.
The Nine and twentieth day, sounded at night, and found 120
fathome water, the head of the Ship struck against a rock; At 4
of the clock we descryed two sail bound for _New-found-land_, and
so for the _Streights_, they told us of a general Earth-quake
in _New-England_, of the Birth of a Monster at _Boston_, in the
_Massachusets-Bay_ a mortality, and now we are two leagues off
_Cape Ann_.
The Thirtieth day proved stormie, and having lost the sight of the
Land, we saw none untill the morning; doubtfully discovering the
Coast, fearing the Lee-shore all night we bore out to Sea.
_July_ the first day, we sounded at 8 of the clock at night, and
found 93 fathome water, descried land.
The Third day, we Anchored in the _Bay_ of [p. 12.] _Massachusets_
before _Boston_. Mr. _Tinges_ other man now dyed of the small pox.
The Tenth day, I went a shore upon _Noddles Island_ to Mr. _Samuel
Maverick_ (for my passage) the only hospitable man in all the
Countrey, giving entertainment to all Comers _gratis_.
Now before I proceed any further, it will not be Impertinent to
give the intending planter some Instructions for the furnishing of
himself with things necessary, and for undertaking the Transport of
his Family, or any others.
To which end observe, that a Ship of 150 Tuns, with 2 Decks and
a half, and 26 men, with 12 pieces of Ordnance, the charge will
amount _per_ moneth, with the Mariners, to 120 pound _per_ moneth.
It is better to let the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the
Mariners, and their pay for Wages, and the Transporter only to take
care of the passengers.
_The common proportion of Victuals for the Sea to a Mess, being 4
men, is as followeth_;
Two pieces of Beef, of 3 pound and ¼ _per_ piece.
Four pound of _Bread_.
One pint ½ of _Pease_.
[p. 13.] Four Gallons of _Bear_, with _Mustard_ and _Vinegar_ for
three flesh dayes in the week.
For four fish dayes, to each mess _per_ day.
Two pieces of _Codd_ or _Habberdine_, making three pieces of a
fish.
One quarter of a pound of _Butter_.
Four pound of _Bread_.
Three quarters of a pound of _Cheese_.
_Bear_ as before.
_Oatmeal per_ day, for 50 men, Gallon 1. and so proportionable
for more or fewer.
Thus you see the Ships provision, is _Beef_ or _Porke_, _Fish_,
_Butter_, _Cheese_, _Pease_, _Pottage_, _Water-gruel_, _Bisket_,
and six shilling _Bear_.
For private fresh provision, you may carry with you (in case you,
or any of yours should be sick at Sea) Conserves of _Roses_,
_Clove-Gilliflowers_, _Wormwood_, _Green-Ginger_, _Burnt-Wine_,
English _Spirits_, _Prunes_ to stew, _Raisons_ of the _Sun_,
_Currence_, _Sugar_, _Nutmeg_, _Mace_, _Cinnamon_, _Pepper_ and
_Ginger_, White _Bisket_, or _Spanish rusk_, _Eggs_, _Rice_, _juice
of Lemmons_ well put up to cure, or prevent the Scurvy. Small
_Skillets_, _Pipkins_, _Porrengers_, and small _Frying pans_.
To prevent or take away Sea sickness, Conserve of _Wormwood_ is
very proper, but these following Troches I prefer before it.
First make paste of _Sugar_ and _Gum-Dragagant_ mixed together,
then mix therewith [p. 14.] a reasonable quantitie of the powder of
_Cinnamon_ and _Ginger_, and if you please a little _Musk_ also,
and make it up into Roules of several fashions, which you may gild,
of this when you are troubled in your Stomach, take and eat a
quantity according to discretion.
_Apparel for one man, and after the rate for more._
_l._ _s._ _d._
One Hatt 0 3 0
One _Monmouth_ Cap 0 1 10
Three falling bands 0 1 3
Three Shirts 0 7 6
One Wastcoat 0 2 6
One suit of Frize 0 19 0
One suit of Cloth 0 15 0
One suit of Canvas 0 7 6
Three pair of _Irish_ Stockins 0 5 0
Four pair of Shoos 0 8 0
One pair of Canvas Sheets 0 8 0
Seven ells of course Canvas to make a bed at }
Sea for two men, to be filled with straw } 0 5 0
One course Rug at Sea for two men 0 6 0
--------------
_Sum Total._ 4 0 0
--------------
[p. 15] _Victuals for a whole year to be carried out of_ England
_for one man, and so for more after the rate_.
_l_. _s_. _d_.
Eight bushels of _Meal_ 2 0 0
Two bushels of _Pease_ at three shillings a bushel 0 6 0
Two bushels of _Oatmeal_, at four and six pence }
the bushel } 0 9 0
One Gallon of _Aqua vitæ_ 0 2 6
One Gallon of _Oyl_ 0 3 6
Two Gallons of _Vinegar_ 0 2 0
Note.
Of _Sugar_ and _Spice_, 8 pound make the stone, 13 stone and an
half, _i. e._ 100 pound maketh the hundred, but your best way is to
buy your _Sugar_ there, for it is cheapest, but for Spice you must
carry it over with you.
_l_. _s_. _d_.
A Hogshead of _English_ Beef will cost 5 0 0
A Hogshead of _Irish_ Beef will cost 2 10 0
A Barrel of _Oatmeal_ 0 13 0
A Hogshead of _Aqua vitæ_ will cost 4 0 0
A Hogshead of _Vinegar_ 1 0 0
A bushel of _Mustard-seed_ 0 6 0
[p. 16.] A _Kental_ of fish, Cod or Habberdine is 112 pound, will
cost if it be merchantable fish, Two or three and thirty Rials a
_Kental_, if it be refuse you may have it for 10 or 11 shillings a
_Kental_.
_Wooden Ware._
_l_. _s_. _d_.
A pair of Bellowes 0 2 0
A Skoope 0 0 9
A pair of Wheels for a Cart, if you buy them }
in the Countrey, they will cost 3 or 4 pound } 0 14 0
Wheelbarrow you may have there, in }
_England_ they cost } 0 6 0
A great pail in _England_ will cost 0 0 10
A Boat called a Canow, will cost in the Countrey }
(with a pair of Paddles) if it be a good one } 3 0 0
A short Oake ladder in _England_ will cost but 0 0 10
A Plough 0 3 9
An Axletree 0 0 8
A Cart 0 10 0
For a casting shovel 0 0 10
For a shovel 0 0 6
For a Sack 0 2 4
For a Lanthorn 0 1 3
_For Tobacco pipes short steels, and great bouls_ 14 _pence and_ 16
_pence the grose._
[p. 17.]
For clipping an hundred sheep in }
_England_ } 0 4 6
For winding the Wool 0 0 8
For washing them 0 2 0
For one Garnish of Peuter 2 0 0
_Prizes of Iron Ware_.
_Arms for one man, but if half of your men have Armour it is
sufficient so that all have pieces and swords._
_l_. _s_. _d_.
One Armour compleat, light 0 17 0
One long piece five foot, or five and a half }
near Musket bore } 1 2 0
One Sword 0 5 0
One Bandaleer 0 1 6
One Belt 0 1 0
Twenty pound of powder 0 18 0
Sixty pound of shot or lead, pistol and Goose }
shot } 0 5 0
_Tools for a Family of Six persons, and so after the rate for more._
Five broad howes at two shillings a piece 0 10 0
Five narrow howes at 16 pence a piece 0 6 8
[p. 18.] Five felling Axes at 18 pence a piece 0 7 6
Two steel hand-sawes at 16 pence the piece 0 2 8
Two hand-sawes at 5 shillings a piece 0 10 0
One whip saw, set and filed with box 0 10 0
A file and wrest 0 0 10
Two Hammers 12 pence a piece 0 2 0
Three shovels 18 pence a piece shod 0 4 6
Two spades 18 pence a piece 0 3 0
Two Augars 0 1 0
Two broad Axes at 3 shillings 8 pence a piece 0 7 4
Six Chissels 0 3 0
Three Gimblets 0 0 6
Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece 0 3 6
Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece 0 3 0
Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece 0 3 4
Nails of all sorts to be valued 2 0 0
Two pick-Axes 0 3 0
Three Locks, and 3 pair of Fetters 0 5 10
Two Currie Combs 0 0 11
For a Brand to brand Beasts with 0 0 6
For a Chain and lock for a Boat 0 2 2
For a Coulter weighing 10 pound 0 3 4
For a Hand-vise 0 2 6
[p. 19.] For a Pitch-fork 0 1 4
For one hundred weight of Spikes 2 5 0
Nails and pins 120, to the hundred
For a share 0 2 11
_Houshould Implements for a Family of six persons, and so for more
or less after the rate._
One Iron Pot 0 7 0
For one great Copper Kettle 2 0 0
For a small Kettle 0 10 0
For a lesser Kettle 0 6 0
For one large Frying-pan 0 2 6
For a small Frying-pan 0 1 8
For a brass Morter 0 3 0
For a Spit 0 2 0
For one Grid-Iron 0 10 0
For two Skillets 0 5 0
Platters, dishes, & spoons of wood 0 4 0
For Sugar, Spice, and fruits at Sea for six men 0 12 10
_The fraught will be for one man half a Tun._
Having refreshed my self for a day or two upon _Noddles-Island_, I
crossed the Bay in a small Boat to _Boston_, which then was rather
a Village, than a Town, there being not [p. 20.] above Twenty or
thirty houses; and presenting my respects to Mr. _Winthorpe_ the
Governour, and to Mr. _Cotton_ the Teacher of _Boston_ Church,
to whom I delivered from Mr. _Francis Quarles_ the poet, the
Translation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Psalms into
_English_ Meeter, for his approbation, being civilly treated by all
I had occasion to converse with, I returned in the Evening to my
lodging.
The Twelfth day of _July_, after I had taken my leave of Mr.
_Maverick_, and some other Gentlemen, I took Boat for the Eastern
parts of the Countrie, and arrived at _Black point_ in the Province
of _Main_, which is 150 miles from _Boston_, the Fourteenth day,
which makes my voyage 11 weeks and odd dayes.
The Countrey all along as I sailed, being no other than a meer
Wilderness, here and there by the Sea-side a few scattered
plantations, with as few houses.
About the Tenth of _August_, I hapned to walk into the Woods,
not far from the Sea-side, and falling upon a piece of ground
over-grown with bushes, called there black Currence, but differing
from our Garden Currence, they being ripe and hanging in lovely
bunches; I set up my piece against a stately Oake, with a
resolution to fill my [p. 21.] belly, being near half a mile from
the house; of a sudden I heard a hollow thumping noise upon the
Rocks approaching towards me, which made me presently to recover
my piece, which I had no sooner cock’d, than a great and grim
over-grown she-Wolf appears, at whom I shot, and finding her
Gor-belly stuft with flesh newly taken in, I began presently to
suspect that she had fallen foul upon our Goats, which were then
valued (our she Goats) at Five pound a Goat; Therefore to make
further discovery, I descended (it being low water) upon the Sea
sands, with an intent to walk round about a neck of land where the
Goats usually kept. I had not gone far before I found the footing
of two Wolves, and one Goat betwixt them, whom they had driven into
a hollow, betwixt two Rocks, hither I followed their footing, and
perceiving by the Crowes, that there was the place of slaughter, I
hung my piece upon my back, and upon all four clambered up to the
top of the Rock, where I made ready my piece and shot at the dog
Wolf, who was feeding upon the remainder of the Goat, which was
only the fore shoulders, head and horns, the rest being devoured
by the she-Wolf, even to the very hair of the Goat: and it is very
observable, that when [p. 22.] the Wolves have kill’d a Beast, or a
Hog, not a Dog-Wolf amongst them offers to eat any of it, till the
she-Wolves have filled their paunches.
The Twenty fourth of _September_, being Munday about 4 of the clock
in the afternoon, a fearful storm of wind began to rage, called a
_Hurricane_. _It is an impetuous wind that goes commonly about the
Compass in the space of_ 24 _hours, it began from the_ W. N. W. and
continued till next morning, the greatest mischief it did us, was
the wracking of our Shallop, and the blowing down of many tall
Trees, in some places a mile together.
_December_ the Tenth, happened an Eclipse of the Moon at 8 of the
clock at night, it continued till after 11, as near as we could
guess; in old _England_ it began after midnight, and continued till
4 of _the clock in the morning; if Seamen would make observation
of the time, either of the beginning or ending of the Eclipse,
or total darkness of Sun and Moon in all places where they shall
happen to be, and confer their observations to some Artist, hereby
the longitude of all places might be certainly known, which are now
very uncertainly reported to us_.
1639. _May_, which fell out to be extream hot and foggie, about the
middle of _May_, I [p. 23.] kill’d within a stones throw of our
house, above four score Snakes, some of them as big as the small of
my leg, black of colour, and three yards long, with a sharp horn on
the tip of their tail two inches in length.
_June_ the Six and twentieth day, very stormie, Lightning
and Thunder. I heard now two of the greatest and fearfullest
thunder-claps that ever were heard, I am confident. At this time we
had some neighbouring Gentlemen in our house, who came to welcome
me into the Countrey; where amongst variety of discourse they told
me of a young Lyon (not long before) kill’d at _Piscataway_ by an
_Indian_; of a Sea-_Serpent_ or _Snake_, that lay quoiled up like a
Cable upon a Rock at _Cape-Ann_: a Boat passing by with _English_
aboard, and two _Indians_, they would have shot the _Serpent_ but
the _Indians_ disswaded them, saying, that if he were not kill’d
out-right, they would be all in danger of their lives.
One Mr. _Mittin_ related of a _Triton_ or _Mereman_ which he saw
in _Cascobay_, the Gentleman was a great Fouler, and used to goe
out with a small Boat or Canow, and fetching a compass about a
small Island, (there being many small Islands in the Bay) for the
advantage of a shot, was encountred [p. 24.] with a _Triton_, who
laying his hands upon the side of the Canow, had one of them chopt
off with a Hatchet by Mr. _Mittin_, which was in all respects like
the hand of a man, the _Triton_ presently sunk, dying the water
with his purple blood, and was no more seen. The next story was
told by Mr. _Foxwell_, now living in the province of _Main_, who
having been to the Eastward in a Shallop, as far as _Cape-Ann_ a
Waggon in his return was overtaken by the night, and fearing to
land upon the barbarous shore, he put off a little further to Sea;
about midnight they were wakened with a loud voice from the shore,
calling upon _Foxwell_, _Foxwell_ come a shore, two or three times:
upon the Sands they saw a great fire, and Men and Women hand in
hand dancing round about it in a ring, after an hour or two they
vanished, and as soon as the day appeared, _Foxwell_ puts into a
small _Cove_, it being about three quarters floud, and traces along
the shore, where he found the footing of Men, Women and Children
shod with shoes; and an infinite number of brands-ends thrown up by
the water, but neither _Indian_ nor _English_ could he meet with
on the shore, nor in the woods; these with many other stories they
told me, the credit whereof I will neither impeach nor inforce, but
shall [p. 25.] satisfie my self, and I hope the Reader hereof, with
the saying of a wise, learned and honourable Knight, _that there
are many Stranger things in the world, than are to be seen between_
London _and_ Stanes.
_September_ the Sixth day, one Mr. _John Hickford_ the Son of
Mr. _Hickford_ a Linnen-Draper in _Cheapside_, having been some
time in the province of _Main_, and now determined to return for
_England_, sold and kill’d his stock of Cattle and Hoggs, one
great Sow he had which he made great account of, but being very
fat, and not suspecting that she was with pig, he caused her to be
kill’d, and they found 25 pigs within her belly; verifying the old
proverb, As fruitful as a white sow. And now we were told of a sow
in _Virginia_ that brought forth six pigs; their fore-parts Lyons,
their hinder-parts hogs. _I have read that at_ Bruxels, Anno 1564.
_a sow brought forth six pigs, the first whereof (for the last in
generating is always in bruit beasts the first brought forth) had
the head, face, arms and legs of a man, but the whole trunck of the
body from the neck, was of a swine, a sodomitical monster is more
like the mother than the father in the organs of the vegetative
soul._
The Three and twentieth, I left _Black-point_, and came to
_Richmonds_ Island about [p. 26.] three leagues to the Eastward,
where Mr. _Tralanie_ kept a fishing, Mr. _John Winter_ a grave and
discreet man was his Agent, and imployer of 60 men upon that design.
The Four and twentieth day being _Munday_, I went aboard the
_Fellowship_ of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemish bottom, the Master
_George Luxon_ of _Bittiford_ in _Devonshire_, several of my
friends came to bid me farewell, among the rest Captain _Thomas
Wannerton_ who drank to me a pint of kill-devil _alias_ Rhum at a
draught, at 6 of the clock in the morning we weighed Anchor, and
set sail for the _Massachusets-bay_.
The Seven and twentieth day being _Fryday_, we Anchored in the
afternoon in the _Massachusets-bay_ before _Boston_. Next day I
went aboard of _Mr. Hinderson_, Master of a ship of 500 Tuns,
and Captain _Jackson_ in the Queen of _Bohemia_ a privateer,
and from thence I went ashore to _Boston_, where I refreshed my
self at an Ordinary. Next morning I was invited to a fisherman’s
house somewhat lower within the _Bay_, and was there by his Wife
presented with a handful of small Pearl, but none of them bored nor
orient. From thence I crost the Bay to _Charles-town_, where at one
_Longs_ Ordinary I met with Captain _Jackson_ and others, walking
on the back side we spied a rattle [p. 27.] Snake a yard and half
long, and as thick in the middle as the small of a mans leg, on
the belly yellow, her back spotted with black, russet, yellow and
green, placed like scales, at her tail she had a rattle which is
nothing but a hollow shelly buffiness joynted, look how many years
old she is, so many rattles she hath in her tail, her neck seemed
to be no bigger than ones Thumb; yet she swallowed a live Chicken,
as big as one they give 4 pence for in _England_, presently as we
were looking on. In the afternoon I returned to our Ship, being no
sooner aboard but we had the sight of an _Indian_-Pinnace sailing
by us made of _Birch-bark_, sewed together with the roots of spruse
and white _Cedar_ (drawn out into threads) with a deck, and trimmed
with sails top and top gallant very sumptuously.
The Thirtieth day of _September_, I went ashore upon
_Noddles_-Island, where when I was come to Mr. _Mavericks_ he would
not let me go aboard no more, until the Ship was ready to set sail;
the next day a grave and sober person described the Monster to
me, that was born at _Boston_ of one Mrs. _Dyer_ a great Sectarie,
_the Nine and twentieth of_ June, _it was (it should seem) without
a head, but having horns like a Beast, and ears, scales on a rough
skin like a fish_ [p. 28.] _called a_ Thornback, _legs and claws
like a_ Hawke, _and in other respects as a Woman-child_.
The Second of _October_, about 9 of the clock in the morning, Mr.
_Mavericks_ Negro woman came to my chamber window, and in her own
Countrey language and tune sang very loud and shril, going out to
her, she used a great deal of respect towards me, and willingly
would have expressed her grief in _English_; but I apprehended
it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I repaired to my
host, to learn of him the cause, and resolved to intreat him in her
behalf, for that I understood before, that she had been a Queen in
her own Countrey, and observed a very humble and dutiful garb used
towards her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. _Maverick_ was
desirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore seeing she would
not yield by perswasions to company with a Negro young man he had
in his house; he commanded him will’d she nill’d she to go to bed
to her, which was no sooner done but she kickt him out again, this
she took in high disdain beyond her slavery, and this was the cause
of her grief. In the afternoon I walked into the Woods on the back
side of the house, and happening into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk
(which was a sledgway) I wandered till I chanc’t to spye a fruit
as I thought like a pine Apple plated with scales, it was as big
as the crown of a Womans hat; I made bold to step unto it, with
an intent to have gathered it, no sooner had I toucht it, but
hundreds of Wasps were about me; at last I cleared my self from
them, being stung only by one upon the upper lip, glad I was that
I scaped so well; But by that time I was come into the house my
lip was swell’d so extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my
Garments.
The Tenth of _October_, I went aboard and we fell down to
_Nantascot_, here Mr. _Davies_ (Mr. _Hicks_ the Apothecarie in
_Fleet-streets_ Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthisick aboard on a
Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr. _Luxon_ our Master having
been ashore upon the Governours Island gave me half a score very
fair Pippins which he brought from thence, there being not one
Apple-tree, nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but
upon that Island.
The Fifteenth day, we set sail from _Nantascot_.
The Sixteenth day Mr. _Robert Foster_, one of our passengers
Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 113 Psalm; _The Lord shall
preserve thy going out, & thy coming in_; The Sectaries began to
quarrel with him, especially Mr. _Vincent Potter_, he who was
afterwards questioned for a Regicide.
The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-set a Lanner settled upon our main
Mast-top, when it was dark I hired one of the Sailers to fetch her
down, and I brought her into _England_ with much ado, being fain to
feed her with hard Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather
at Sea, our deck in a morning ore-spread with hoarie frost, and
dangling Isickles hung upon the Ropes. _Some say the Sea is hotter
in winter, than in summer; but I did not find it so._
_November_ the Fifth day, about three of the clock in the
afternoon, the Mariners observed the rising of a little black cloud
in the _N. W._ which increasing apace, made them prepare against a
coming storm, the wind in short time grew to boisterous, bringing
after us a huge grown Sea, at 5 of the clock it was pitchie dark.
_And the bitter storm augments; the wild winds wage_
_War from all parts; and joyn with the Seas rage._
[p. 31.] _The sad clouds sink in showers; you would have thought,_
_That high-swoln-seas even unto Heaven had wrought;_
_And Heaven to Seas defended: no star shown;_
_Blind night in darkness, tempests, and her own_
_Dread terrours lost; yet this dire lightning turns_
_To more fear’d light; the Sea with lightning Burns._
_The Pilot knew not what to chuse or fly,_
_Art stood amaz’d in Ambiguity._
The storm augmenting still, the next day about 4 of the clock
afternoon we lost our Rudder, and with that our hopes, so necessary
a part it is, that a ship without it, is like a wild horse without
a bridle; yet _Aristotle_ that _Eagle_-ey’d _Philosopher could not
give a reason, why so small a thing as a Helm should rule the ship_.
[p. 32.] The Seventh day at night, the wind began to dye away, the
next day we had leasure to repair our breaches; it continued calm
till the 13 day, and all the while we saw many dead bodies of men
and women floating by us.
The Four and twentieth, we arrived before _Bittiford_, having past
before under _Lundee_-Island.
The Second
VOYAGE.
I have heard of a certain Merchant in the west of _England_, who
after many great losses, walking upon the Sea-bank in a calm
Sun-shining day; observing the smoothness of the Sea, coming in
with a chequered or dimpled wave: Ah (quoth he) thou flattering
Element, many a time hast thou inticed me to throw my self and my
fortunes into thy Arms; but thou hast hitherto proved treacherous;
thinking to find thee a Mother of encrease, I have found thee
to be the Mother of mischief and wickedness; yea the Father of
prodigies; therefore, being now secure, I will trust thee no more:
But mark this mans resolution a while after, _periculum maris
spes lucri superat_. So fared it with me, that having escaped the
dangers of one Voyage, must needs put on a resolution for a second,
wherein I plowed many a churlish billow [p. 34.] with little or
no advantage, but rather to my loss and detriment. In the setting
down, whereof I purpose not to insist in a methodical way, but
according to my quality, in a plain and brief relation as I have
done already; for I perceive, if I used all the Art that possibly
I could, it would be difficult to please all, for all mens eyes,
ears, faith, judgement, are not of a size. There be a sort of
stagnant stinking spirits, who, like flyes, lye sucking at the
botches of carnal pleasures, and never travelled so much Sea, as
is between _Heth-ferry_, and _Lyon-Key_; yet notwithstanding,
(sitting in the Chair of the scornful over their whists and
draughts of intoxication) will desperately censure the relations
of the greatest Travellers. It was a good _proviso_ of a learned
man, never to report wonders, for in so doing, of the greatest he
will be sure not to be believed, but laughed at, which certainly
bewraies their ignorance and want of discretion. Of Fools and
Madmen then I shall take no care, I will not invite these in the
least to honour me with a glance from their supercilious eyes; but
rather advise them to keep their inspection for their fine-tongu’d
Romances, and playes. This homely piece, I protest ingenuously,
is prepared for such only who well know how to make use of their
[p. 35.] charitable constructions towards works of this nature, to
whom I submit my self in all my faculties, and proceed in my second
voyage.
_Anno 1663._ _May_ the Three and twentieth, I went down to
_Gravesend_, it being _Saturday_ I lay ashore till _Monday_ the
fifth, about 11 a clock at night, I went aboard the _Society_
belonging to _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_ a Colony of _English_
in _New-England_, of 200 and 20 Tun, carrying 16 Iron Guns most
unserviceable, man’d with 33 sailers, and 77 passengers, men, women
and children.
The Six and twentieth day, about 6 of the clock in the morning we
weighed Anchor, and fell down with the tide three or four miles
below _Gravesend_.
The Seven and twentieth in the afternoon, we weighed Anchor and
came into the _Hope_ before _Deal-Castle_, here we were wind bound
till
The 30 day, we set sail out of the _Downs_, being _Saturday_
about 9 of the clock in the morning, about 4 of the clock in the
afternoon we came up with _Beachy_ by _W._ at _Nore_.
The One and thirtieth at 4 of the clock in the morning we came
up with the Isle of _Wight_, at 4 of the clock in the afternoon
[p. 36.] we had _Portland_ N. N. W. of us, 6 leagues off, the
wind being then at _N. W. by N._ at 5 of the clock we came to
_Dartmouth_, the wind _W. S. W._
_June_ the first day, being _Monday_ about 4 of the clock
_Plimouth_ was about 9 leagues off, our course _W. S. W._ the Start
bore North distant about 6 leagues from whence our reckonings
began; the wind now _E. N. E._ a fair gale.
The second day the _Lizard_ bore _N. N. W._ in the latitude 51. 300
leagues from _Cape-Cod_ in _New England_, our course _W._ and by
_S._ One of our passengers now dyed of a Consumption.
The Fifth day we steered _S. W._ observed and found the ship in
latitude 47 degrees, and 44 minutes.
The Tenth day observed and found the ship in latitude 49 degrees,
and 24 minutes.
The Five and twentieth day, about 3 of the clock in the morning we
discovered land, about 6 of the clock _Flowers_, so called from
abundance of flowers, and _Corvo_ from a multitude of _Crowes_; two
of the _Azores_ or western Islands, in the _Atlantique Ocean_ not
above 250 leagues from _Lisbon_ bore _N. W._ of us some 3 leagues
off, we steered away _W._ by _W._ observed and found _Flowers_ to
be in the Southern part in latitude 39 [p. 37.] degrees 13 minuts,
we descryed a Village and a small Church or Chappel seated in
a pleasant valley to the Easter-side of the Island, the whole
Island is rockie and mountanious about 8 miles in compass, stored
with Corn, Wine and Goats, and inhabited by outlaw’d _Portingals_,
the Town they call _Santa Cruz_. _Corvo_ is not far from this,
I supposed two or three leagues, a meer mountain, and very high
and steep on all sides, cloathed with tall wood on the very top,
uninhabited, but the _Flowreans_ here keep some number of Goats.
The Seven and twentieth day, 30 leagues to the westward of these
Islands we met with a small Vessel stoln from _Jamaico_, but 10
men in her, and those of several nations, _English_, _French_,
_Scotch_, _Dutch_ almost famish’d, having been out as they told us,
by reason of calms, three moneths, bound for _Holland_.
_July_ the sixth, calm now for two or three dayes, our men went out
to swim, some hoisted the _Shallop_ out and took divers Turtles,
there being an infinite number of them all over the Sea as far as
we could ken, and a man may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles,
they floated upon the top of the water being a sleep, and driving
gently upon them with the _Shallop_, of a sudden [p. 38.] they
took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the boat, if
they be not very nimble they awake and presently dive under water;
when they were brought aboard they sob’d and wept exceedingly,
continuing to do so till the next day that we killed them, by
chopping off their heads, and having taken off their shells (that
on their back being fairest, is called a Gally patch) we opened
the body and took out three hearts in one case, and (which was
more strange) we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after
they were taken out. I have observed in _England_ in my youthful
dayes the like in the heart of a _Pike_, and the heart of a _Frog_,
which will leap and skip as nimbly as the _Frog_ used to do when
it was alive from whom it was taken. Likewise the heart of a _Pig_
will stir after it is exenterated. Being at a friends house in
_Cambridg-shire_, the Cook-maid making ready to slaughter a _Pig_,
she put the hinder parts between her legs as the usual manner
is, and taking the snout in her left hand with a long knife she
stuck the _Pig_ and cut the small end of the heart almost in two,
letting it bleed as long as any bloud came forth, then throwing
of it into a Kettle of boyling water, the _Pig_ swom twice round
about the kettle, when taking of it out to [p. 39.] the dresser
she rub’d it with powdered _Rozen_ and stript off the hair, and
as she was cutting off the hinder pettito, the _Pig_ lifts up his
head with open mouth, as if it would have bitten: well, the belly
was cut up, and the entrails drawn out, and the heart laid upon
the board, which notwithstanding the wound it received had motion
in it, above four hours after; there were several of the Family
by, with my self, and we could not otherwayes conclude but that
the _Pig_ was bewitched; but this by the way. Of the Sea Turtles
there be five sorts, first the Trunck-turtle which is biggest,
Secondly, the Loggerhead-turtle. Thirdly, the Hawkbill-turtle,
which with its bill will bite horribly. Fourthly, the Green-turtle
which is best for food, it is affirmed that the feeding upon this
Turtle for a twelve moneth, forbearing all other kind of food will
cure absolutely Consumptions, and the great pox; They are a very
delicate food, and their Eggs are very wholesome and restorative,
it is an _Amphibious_ Creature going ashore, the male throws the
female on her back when he couples with her, which is termed
cooting, their Eggs grown to perfection the female goes ashore
again and making a hole in the Sand, there layes her Eggs which
are numerous, I have seen a peck [p. 40.] of Eggs taken out of one
Turtle; when they have laid they cover the hole again with sand,
and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs, which hatching
in the sand and coming to some strength break out and repair to the
Sea. Having fill’d our bellies with Turtles and Bonito’s, called
_Spanish_ Dolphins excellently well cooked both of them, the wind
blowing fair,