[Illustration: FIG. 499.--Typical terraced communal pueblo.]
We may see, finally, how at last the cañons proved too limited and in
other ways undesirable for occupation, the result of which was the
confederation of the scattered cliff-dwelling clans, and the
construction, first on the overhanging cliff-tops, then on _mesas_,
and farther and farther away, of great, many-storied towns, any one of
which was named, in consequence of the bringing together in it of many
houses and clans, _thlu él lon ne_, from _thlu a_, many springing up,
and _él lon a_, that which stands, or those which stand; in other
words, "many built standing together." This cannot be regarded as
referring to the simple fact that a village is necessarily composed of
many houses standing together. The name for any other village than a
communal pueblo is _tí na kwïn ne_, from _tí na_--many sitting around,
and _kwïn ne_, place of. This term is applied by the Zuñis to all
villages save their own and those of ourselves, which latter they
regard as Pueblos, in their acceptation of the above native word.
Here, then, in strict accordance with, the teachings of myth,
folk-lore and tradition, I have used the linguistic argument as
briefest and most convincing in indicating the probable sequence of
architectural types in the evolution of the Pueblo; from the brush
lodge, of which only the name survives, to the recent and present
terraced, many-storied, communal structures, which we may find
throughout New Mexico, Arizona, and contiguous parts of the
neighboring Territories.[1]
[1] See for confirmation the last Annual Report to the
Archæological Institute of America, by Adolph F. Bandelier, one
of the most indefatigable explorers and careful students of early
Spanish history in America.