to the careful and systematic cultivation of the Gaedhlic tongue. This
would be essential not only for the successful study of the classical
languages, but also for success in the Schools of Poetry and of Law, on
both of which so much attention was bestowed.
We have abundant evidence on this point. Besides those scholars already
referred to as Ferlegind, in A.D. 937 is recorded by the Four Masters the
death of "Finnachta, son of Ceallach, Comarb of Doire, bishop and doctor
in the Bearla Feine." This is the second bishop of Derry referred to in
our Annals, and it will be observed that he is not described as bishop of
Derry, but as comarb of Derry, _i.e._, of Columcille, who happened, on
account of his merit, to be raised to the episcopal rank, although his
official title is abbot of Doire-Columcille. It is evident that he must
have been a man of great learning, especially in native literature, as he
is described as a _saoi_, or doctor, in the _bearla-feine_. O'Donovan
thinks that by this is understood the ancient technical dialect of the
Brehon Code, and Thady O'Roddy translates the expression as "the law or
lawyers' dialect." Zeuss[472] with more probability regards it as the
ancient written tongue of the Men of Erin, which, in process of time,
became corrupted, and varied into different dialects. The ancient tongue
of the Men of Erin was, as the evidence of the glosses in existing MSS.
proves, a language which, in the words of Zeuss,[473] was a language
regulated by fixed rules and determinate inflections. It was the language
of the bards and scholars up to the ninth century, but the ravages of the
Danes, and the breaking up of the ancient monarchy caused various dialects
to spring up, and destroyed the fixity and purity of the ancient tongue of
the Feine. There were, however, still many scholars who gloried in
cultivating the pure and ancient language of Erin--the language of its
Bards, its Brehons, and its Sages--and these men came to be regarded in
course of time as recognised authorities on the ancient tongue, and hence
were called saoi, or sages, in language. Such was Finnachta, abbot of
Derry, and successor of Columcille; and such also was Flann, of whom we
have just been speaking.
It is clear, however, that Flann cultivated the study both of our native
and general history with marked success, so that he came to be recognised
as one of our highest authorities both by his contemporaries and by his
successors. O'Curry[474] gives a very full and interesting account of
Flann's most important work--the historical _Synchronisms_. We need not
discuss the subject here beyond observing that this treatise by itself
furnishes a clear proof of the wide range of historical studies cultivated
in the schools of ancient Erin. The work is, in fact, as O'Curry observes,
an abridgment of universal history, and certainly goes to show that the
author was not only an accomplished Gaedhlic scholar, but also that he
must have been familiar with the principal Greek and Latin historians,
both pagan and Christian.
Of Flann's personal history little is known. He was of Munster extraction,
but seems to have been a native of Eastern Bregia, where his great
ancestor Tadhg, son of Cian, son of Ollioll Olum, had established himself
as early as the third century of the Christian era. We need not enter into
any details regarding his historical poems.[475] Although highly
interesting these subjects will never become popular, until the study of
our ancient Gaedhlic tongue shall be more generally cultivated both in our
schools and in our homes. Most of these poems are preserved in the _Book
of Leinster_, and several of them are to be found in the other great
Gaedhlic repositories of our ancient literature. It would be difficult,
says O'Curry, to over-estimate the historical value of some of those
poems. "They are precisely the documents that supply life and the reality
of details to the blank dryness of our skeleton pedigrees. Many a name
lying dead in our genealogical tracts, and which has found its way into
our condensed chronicles and annals, will be found in these poems,
connected with the death, or associated with the brilliant deeds, of some
hero whose story we should not willingly lose; while, on the other hand,
many an obscure historical allusion will be illustrated, and many an
historical spot, as yet unknown to the topographer, will be identified,
when a proper investigation of these and other great historical poems
preserved in the _Book of Leinster_ shall be undertaken as a part of the
serious study of the history and antiquities of our country."[476]
Flann's monastery and school were founded about the beginning of the sixth
century by St. Buite or Boetius, who, like Flann himself was sprung from
the race of Ollioll Olum, and is said to have died on the same day
(December 7, A.D. 521) on which St. Columba was born. He travelled much in
Italy, Germany, and Britain and then returned to found a monastery which
was to be the place of his resurrection, in his native district. Though
founded so early in the fertile plains of Louth, we do not find that St.
Buite's monastery produced any distinguished scholars down to the period
of Flann himself, whose learning has made it so celebrated. That it was,
however, always a place of considerable wealth and influence is
sufficiently proved by the highly interesting remains which still exist at
Monasterboice. These include a portion of the walls of two very ancient
oratories, a round tower, and two sculptured High Crosses, one of which,
locally known as St. Boyne's Cross, is considered to be one of the very
finest of its class in Ireland.
Of Gilla Coemhain, whose latest poem was written in A.D. 1072, it is
unnecessary to speak at length. Like Flann and Mac Liag, he was a
historical poet and a cultured Gaedhlic scholar. A Chronological Poem
composed by Gilla Coemhain, in A.D. 1072, has recently been published with
a translation by Dr. Whitley Stokes.[477] The reader will readily perceive
that the author of this poem was a writer of considerable culture and of
very general information.
IV.--DISCIPLINE OF THE LAY COLLEGES.
The discipline in our ancient schools was neither so elaborate nor so
minute as in modern seminaries; still in many respects it was perhaps more
satisfactory. In the monastic schools the great principle of obedience was
the fundamental rule, the observance of which from a sense of religious
duty rendered the observance of all other rules easy and even pleasant.
But in the lay professional schools, of which we have already spoken, the
law took formal cognisance of the relations between the professor and his
pupils. It established the general principles which were to guide these
relations, and severely punished any grievous infraction of these
principles.
In the _Senchus Mor_[478] we find the following important passage:--"The
social connection that is considered between the foster-pupil, and the
literary foster-father is, that the latter is to instruct him without
reserve, and to prepare him for his degree, and to chastise him without
severity; to feed and to clothe him whilst he is learning his lawful
profession, unless he obtains it (food and clothing) from another
person--and such has been the custom from the school of Fenius Forsaidh
onwards. On the other hand, the foster-pupil is to assist his tutor in
poverty, and to support him in his old age and (to give him) the honour
price of the degree for which he is being prepared, and all the gains of
his art whilst he is learning it, and the first earning of his art after
leaving the house of his tutor; and moreover, the literary foster-father
has power of judgment, and proof, and witness, upon his foster-pupil, as
the father has upon his son, and the Church upon the tenant of the Church
lands."
The principles enumerated in this passage are eminently just in
themselves; they were well suited to the circumstances of the times, and
admirably calculated to put down a mercenary spirit, and foster the growth
of tender affection between the pupils and their master. As we have
already shown, the professional schools were to a great extent
peripatetic; and when actually on their rounds the pupils were to be fed,
and lodged, and taught by the master. He was bound to communicate all his
knowledge and all his art, both theoretical and practical, to his pupils
without reserve; and thus prepare them for their professional degree or
formal admission to the ranks of the Bards, Brehons, Chroniclers, or
Readers, as the case might happen to be. He might chastise the pupil for
misconduct, but in so doing the teacher was not to be unduly severe, so as
to cause injury to the mind or body of his scholar. He was also to supply
him with food, clothing, and lodging, except provision were otherwise made
for these purposes. The law even prescribes the quality of the food to
which the pupil is entitled as a matter of right. No professor in ancient
Erin could keep a Do-the-Boys Hall with impunity. The teacher was a
literary foster-father, and as such, he was bound by the laws of
fosterage to supply wholesome food in abundance to his pupils according to
the rank of their parents. "What are their victuals? Stirabout (_lithe_)
is given to them all, but the flavouring was to be different." It was salt
butter for the sons of inferior grades; fresh butter for the sons of
chieftains; honey for the sons of kings. The stirabout of oat-meal might
be made on water, or on butter-milk, or on new milk, and given to the
different classes in like manner.
On the other hand the teacher, or professor, was amply provided for. That
provision of the law which compelled the foster pupils to assist their
tutors in poverty, and maintain them in old age, was an admirable
institution, calculated to preserve the most kindly feelings between both
all through their lives. Then the honour price of the degree, and the
first fees earned after obtaining it, were no doubt considerable, in order
to enable the professor to maintain his pupils at home, whenever they were
not at free quarters during their learned excursions and other official
visits.
Corporal punishment was certainly not unknown in the monastic schools, as
well as in establishments of later date; it was sometimes found necessary
to have recourse to corporal punishment even when dealing with young
'saints.' We are told in the _Life of St. Colman Ela_ of Lynally in the
King's County, that he once punished St. Baithen, the nephew of St.
Columcille and his successor in the abbacy of Hy, for neglecting his
studies. The boy thereupon fled from the church, in which the school it
seems, was taught, to the woods, no doubt, to hide, and avoid both his
lessons and the chastisement of his master. There he saw a man building
one of the circular wicker-work houses then very common, and observed that
although he only worked one rod at a time, the wicker-wall rose up
steadily to the roof. "Ah," he said, "if I only learned a little each day,
I too should grow learned." Then he took shelter from a shower under the
spreading branches of an oak tree. While standing beneath the boughs he
observed a drop of water dripping from a leaf and falling on the ground.
He made a hole with his heel on the spot where the drop was falling, and
soon noticed that the hole was filled. Here he made a similar mental
reflection, and, vowing that never again would he neglect his daily task,
he returned to his master and grew up to be a very learned and a very holy
man.[479]
We have not in the foregoing pages by any means exhausted the list of our
ancient Schools and Scholars. But we have sought to notice all the more
frequented schools, and the most celebrated scholars of ancient Erin, who
flourished in their native land. It would require a separate volume to do
justice to the history of the Irish monks, who bore the name and fame of
Scotia to so many foreign countries, in which the memory of their virtues
and their learning is still fondly cherished. In these pages, however, we
have said enough to vindicate the right of ancient Erin to that glorious
title, by which since the twelfth century she has been known to the
scholars of all Europe--INSULA SANCTORUM ET DOCTORUM[480]--The Island of
Saints and Scholars.
GENERAL INDEX.
Abban, St., comes to School of Beg-Erin, 157;
visits Rome with his uncle, St. Ibar, 157.
Abban, priest, baptizes St. Finnian, 195.
Abbot, jurisdiction of, in an Irish monastery, 98, 99.
Achadh Duirbchon, church of, founded by St. Finbarr, 477.
Achaia, life of Sedulius (poet) at, 32-33.
Adamnan, ninth abbot of Iona, little known of his early youth, 336;
descent of, 337;
curious story told of, 337, 338;
goes to Iona, 338;
made abbot of Iona, 339;
pays a visit to Ireland, 339, 340;
a second visit, 341, 342;
returns to Iona, and writes _Life of Columbkille_, 342;
pays a third visit to Ireland and promulgates the "Lex Innocentiae,"
342, 537;
the works of, 343;
death of, 345;
his relics brought to Ireland, 345.
Aedh Guaire, murders high steward of King Diarmaid Mac Cerbhaill, 218;
the king seeks revenge and is cursed, 218.
Aedh Finn, and his daughter Gelges, 227.
Aedh, son of Brendan, prince, grants a site for School of Durrow, 301.
Aedhan, bishop of Mayo, 539.
Ængus, king of Munster, grants Aran Islands to St. Enda, 169.
Ængus, the Culdee, descent and early life of, 405;
lives a solitary and penitential life at Dysert-Enos, 406;
goes to monastery of Tallagh, 407;
his identity discovered, 408;
writings of, 408-412;
Dr. Stokes on his writings, 412;
death of, 413.
Agha (Achad-Finglass), monastery of, St. Fintan of Clonenagh at, 403.
Aghold (Achadh Abhail), Saint Finnian builds a church at, 199.
Agilbert, bishop of Paris, a student in Ireland, 595.
Agilulph, king of Lombardy, St. Columbanus at the Court of, 377.
Aidan, Saint, bishop of Ferns, 427.
---- sent to preach in Northumbria, 527;
appointed bishop of Lindisfarne, 527.
Ailbe of Emly, St., ordained by St. Patrick, 150;
Life of, as given in the Salamanca MS., 151;
preaches the Gospel in Connaught, 152;
the _Life of St. Declan_ regarding, 153;
evidence against the authenticity of Lives of St. Ailbe and St.
Declan, 155.
Ailbhe, daughter of Cormac Mac Art, poem attributed to, 28.
Aileran (the Wise), St., writings attributed to, 206, 207.
Ailill, abbot of Mungret, death of, 510.
Ainmire, king, grants site for School of Derry, to St. Columba, 299.
Alcuin, distinguished scholar, a student at Clonmacnoise, 272, 273.
Aldfrid, king of Northumbria, releases the Irish captives at
intercession of Adamnan, 340;
spends his youth in Ireland, 468, 469.
Alexander III., Pope, convokes a general Council to Rome, 442;
safeguards the independence of the Church in Ireland, 443;
conceives a strong regard for St. Laurence O'Toole, 443.
Alexandria, Christian school at, 188.
Alithir, abbot of Clonmacnoise, 270.
Alphabet Ogham, history of, 13;
invention of, 14;
letters of, 15;
inscribed on rods or tablets of wood, 15.
Alphabets, or catechisms of Christian doctrine, St. Patrick writes,
63, 64.
Amergin, poet judge, 6.
Annaghdown, monastery of, founded by St. Brendan, 219.
_Annals of Four Masters_, quoted, 18, 26, 58, _et seq._
---- _Ulster_, quoted, 148.
---- _Clonmacnoise_, quoted, 218.
---- _Innisfallen_, copies of, 503, 504.
Annegray, monastery of, St. Columbanus established at, 373.
Apostles, Twelve, of Erin, visit St. Finnian at Clonard, 201.
Aran, Isles of, geographical description of, 169-172;
inhabitants of, 172;
Pagan remains in, 172-177;
the stronghold of a warrior race, 176, 177;
St. Enda founds a monastery on, 177;
visited by numbers of saints, 177, 178;
ancient churches in, 181-187.
Art, Celtic, at Clonmacnoise, 550-565.
Art the Solitary, slain at battle of Magh Mucruimhe, 17.
Artificers of St. Patrick, 66.
Asicus, St., an artificer in metal work, 66, 161;
placed over church of Elphin, 161;
goes into Donegal, 161;
death of, 162.
Asterius, Turcius Ruffus, Consul, 34.
Athens, School of, under a pagan professor, Saints at, 189.
Auxilius, bishop, accompanies St. Patrick to Ireland, 59, 80;
founds a church, 60;
present at first Irish Synod, 60.
Baithen, abbot of Iona, remarkable for his spirit of prayer, 331;
sent to govern the monastery of Heth, 332;
death of, 332;
character of, 333.
Ballaghmoon, battle of, 611.
Bangor, description of, 367, 368.
Bards, application of the term, 6;
functions of, 7;
fined for extortion, 7;
qualifications required to become chief-poet, 7, 8;
chief duty of Historic Poet, 8, 601;
course of studies required by law, to become Chief Poet, 8;
some distinguished Poets, 8-10;
St. Patrick's alliance with, 56, 57;
St. Columba protects the, 320-323.
Barinthus, monk, tale told to St. Brendan by, 215.
Barry, Gerald, cited, 197.
Bede, _Chronicles of Picts and Scots_, quoted, 166, 167, 296, _et seq._
Beg-Erin, island, St. Ibar builds an oratory on, 156;
no longer an island, 158, 159;
the Danes plunder, 158.
Belisarius, scholastic or general? poem attributed to, 38.
Benignus, Saint, Member of Commission of Nine, 54;
meeting with St. Patrick, 54;
writings attributed to, 55, 116, 117;
elected as choirmaster by St. Patrick, 58;
death of, 59, 96, 116;
brief story of his life, 114, 115;
descent of, 159;
monastery of Kilbannon established by, 159, 542.
Beoit, father of St. Ciaran, 259.
Berach, Saint, favourite disciple of St. Kevin, 421.
Bernard, Saint, _Vita Malachiae_, quoted, 393, 394, 395;
at Clairvaux, St. Malachy meets, 396.
Bishops, pre-Patrician, in Ireland; the existence of discussed, 150-155.
Bishops and Abbots, lay, 395, 396.
Bite, bishop, placed over Church of Elphin, 161.
Blaithmac, Saint, dies a martyr, 347.
Bobbio, monks of, copy poems of Sedulius, 35;
St. Columbanus founds monastery of, 378.
Bodkin, Christopher, archbishop of Tuam, 540.
Books, pre-Patrician, now lost, 29.
---- Caroline, published 386;
refuted by Pope, 387.
_Book of Armagh_, quoted, 58, 59, 60, _et seq._;
history and contents of, 122-124;
now in Trinity College, 121.
---- _Aicill_, introduction to, quoted, 24;
motive for which it was written, 25.
---- _Ballymote_, quoted, 22, 23.
---- _Durrow_, contents of, 304;
now in Trinity College, Dublin, 305.
---- _Kells_, history of, 309, 310;
now in Trinity College, Dublin, 310.
---- _Leinster_, quoted, 3, 21, 27, _et seq._;
described, 140.
---- _Lismore_, history and description of, 473, 474.
---- _Rights_ (Leabhar Nag-Ceart), authorship of, attributed to St.
Benignus, 97;
quoted, 54, 259;
history and contents of, 116, 117.
---- _Hymns_, reference to Saint Brigid in, 135.
Borumha, or cow tribute, remitted, 341, 428.
Bothchonais, church of, situation of, 353.
Brandon Hill, St. Brendan builds an oratory on, 214;
description of, 214.
Brecan, Saint, tomb of, discovered in Aran, 183;
descent of, 183;
and St. Enda, 184;
church of, 184.
Bregentz, St. Columbanus and his monks at, 376, 377.
Brehons, the, during pre-Christian period, 11;
in the reign of Conor MacNessa, 11;
Senchus Mor, compiled from legal maxims of, 12.
Brehon Laws, reformed by St. Patrick, 52-66;
sources to which they owed their existence, 52;
motives that prompted the revision of, 53.
Brendan, of Clonfert, Saint, birth and descent of, 210;
baptized, 210;
fosterage of, 211;
progress in learning, 211;
visits school of St. Jarlath, near Tuam, 212, 543, 544;
an angel appears to, 213;
performs a miracle, 213;
receives the order of priesthood, 213;
builds an oratory on Brandon Hill, 214;
his wanderings through the Atlantic, 215;
returns home, 216;
founds a monastery on Inis-da-druim (Coney Island), 215;
visits Wales and Iona, 217;
other places visited then, 217, 218;
and St. Ruadhan curse Tara, 218;
founds a church in Leinster, 218;
founds monasteries of Annaghdown and Inchiquin, 219;
founds a monastery on Inishgloria, 219, 220;
founds monastery of Clonfert, 220, 221;
death of, 221;
poems attributed to, 222;
baptizes St. Fursey, 227;
at school of Ross, 491.
Brendan, of Birr, Saint, founds his monastery at Riverstown (Biorra),
522.
Brian Boru, place of his burial, 113;
and Maelsuthain O'Cearbhaill, 501;
repairs church of Iniscaltra, 621;
achievements of, 622.
Bricin, Saint, _Life of_, 602, 603.
Brigid, Saint, "the mother of all the Saints of Erin," 125;
parentage of, 127-129;
memorials of, at Faughart, 128, 129;
birth of, 129;
receives the religious veil, 129, 130;
founds school of Kildare, 130, 131;
character of, 131;
tradition regarding, 132;
death of, 132;
first of six Lives of, 133-135;
second Life of, 135-137;
remaining four Lives of, 137.
Brogan Claen, Saint, _Life of St. Brigid_, attributed to, 137.
Bronach, mother of St. Mochae, 123.
Buildings, connected with an Irish monastery, 94-97.
Buite, monastery of, Flann of, 625, 627;
founded, 628.
Buite, Saint, founds a monastery, 628.
Burke, MacWilliam, plunders monastery of Mayo, 540.
Caelestius, monk, not of Irish origin, 39;
no evidence to show he was either a Briton or Scot, 41;
his early life, 41.
Caemhin, of Annatrim, Saint, under care of St. Columba of Terryglass,
400.
Cæsar: _De Bello Gallico_, quoted, 2-4.
Caimin, Saint, descent of, 517;
writings attributed to, 517, 518;
his influence over public events, 518;
characteristic story told of, 518.
Cairell, bishop, placed over convent of Tawnagh, 126.
Cairnech, Saint, member of Commission of Nine, 54;
and monastery of Rosnat, 167.
Caius Julius Solinus, Polyhister, 253.
Calphurnius, father of St. Patrick, 44;
descent of, 70.
Cannech, Saint, at Glasnevin, 297.
Canons, most celebrated of, attributed to Synod of Patrick, Auxilius
and Iserninus, 60, 61.
Caplait, Druid, converted to the faith of Christ, 51.
_Carmen Paschale_, work, description of, 36.
Carthach the Elder, Saint, trains St. Carthach the Younger at his
monastery of Slieve Mis, 448.
Carthach the Younger, Saint, birth and descent of, 447;
receives his early training at monastery of Slieve Mis, 448;
founds a monastery at Kiltulach, 448;
visits monasteries of Bangor, Landelo (now Lynally), and
Clonfert-Molua (now Kyle), 448;
founds a monastery at Rahan, 449;
expelled from Rahan, 450;
his journey to the south, 451, 452;
founds monastery of Lismore, 453;
retires from community life before death, 454;
one of his striking miracles, 454, 455;
rule of, 455-457.
Cassian, John, monk, founds school of St. Victor, 190;
sketch of his life and writings, 181;
the most celebrated disciple of, 191.
Cassiodorus, senator, statesman, and monk, eulogises Sedulius (poet),
35.
Cathaldus of Tarentum, Saint, the _Life of_, 457;
place of his birth, 458, 459;
descent of, 459;
difference of opinion about date of his birth, 459, 460;
in school of Lismore, 460;
made bishop, 461;
his Irish See not determined, 462;
goes on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 462;
reforms the licentious people of Taranto, and becomes their bishop,
463, 464;
death of, 464;
relics of, 464;
writings and prophecy attributed to, 465.
Cathedral of Armagh, 113.
Cathedral of Tuam, old, described, 557, 558.
Cathmael, Saint, early life of, 197.
Ceallachan, king of Cashel, plunders monastery of Clonfert, 243.
Ceddi, bishop of Iona, death of, 345.
Ceile De, or Culdee, the appellation, 405.
Celestine, Pope, commissions St. Patrick to undertake his mission to
Ireland, 48.
Cellach, son of Cormac Mac Art, abducts the daughter of Sorar, 24.
Celsus, Saint, driven by usurpers from the See of Armagh, 395;
death and burial at Lismore, 471.
_Celtic Scotland_, quoted, 163.
Cennfaeladh, at the battle of Magh Rath, 603;
at school of Tuaim Drecain, 603;
treatises composed by, 603, 604.
Chad, Saint, educated in Ireland, 593;
appointed to the See of Lichfield, 594;
death of, 594.
Chalice of Ardagh, description and history of, 562-564.
Charlemagne, king, Dungal's letter to on the two solar eclipses said to
have taken place in A.D. 810, 382-384;
convenes Synod of Frankfort, 336.
Charles the Bald, patronises John Scotus Erigena, 578, 579;
the Pope's letter to regarding Scotus, 584.
Christianity, knowledge of, in Ireland, in third century, 26.
Chronicler (Historic poet), duty of, 8.
_Chronicon Scotorum_, work, history of, 278-280.
Church, Irish, St. Patrick's provisions for training a native ministry
in, 58.
Church, Nuns', at Clonmacnoise, description of, 552, 553;
founded by Dervorgilla, wife of Tiernan O'Rorke, 553.
Churches, ancient, in Aran, 181-187;
ruined, at Clonmacnoise, 266-269.
Cian, son of Oilioll Olum, branches of family of, 160.
Ciaran of Clonmacnoise, Saint, descent of, 259;
is baptized and receives his early training at hands of deacon Justus
at Fuerty, 259;
at Clonard, 259;
at Aran, 179;
founds two churches, 261;
founds school of Clonmacnoise, 262;
death of, 263;
his festival day still celebrated, 264;
leads an extremely ascetic life, 265.
Cill Cluana, church of, founded by St. Finbarr, 477.
_Cin Droma Snechta_, book, 29.
Cir, poet, 9.
Claudius, bishop of Turin, an extreme Iconoclast, 389;
his reply to the letter of the pious Abbot Theodemir, 390;
Dungal's treatise against the doctrine of, 390, 391.
Clonard, relics at, 205.
Clonmacnoise, ruined churches at, 266-270;
Celtic Art at, 550-565.
Cluaninis, monastery of, St. Columbanus at, 372.
Cluain Imaine (Clonamery), St. Brendan founds a church at, 218.
Cobthac, professor of Kildare, death of, 138.
Coelan (Chilien), monk, a Life of St. Brigid attributed to, 137.
Coemell, mother of St. Kevin, descent of, 414;
family of, 415.
Coemhain, Gilla, poet, 628.
Coemlug, father of St. Kevin, descent of 414;
family of, 415.
Cogitosus, monk and writer, cited, 127;
his Life of St. Brigid, 135-137.
Coirpri Lifechair, assumes sovereignty of Erin, 24.
Colga, king of Munster, causes St. Cathaldus to be made Bishop, 461.
Colgan, professor of Clonmacnoise, 272;
story which proves he was a diligent student of St. Paul's Epistles,
272;
his position in Clonmacnoise, 273;
writings of, 273, 274.
Colleges, discipline of lay, 628-631.
Colman of Cell Riada, Chamberlain of St. Patrick, 65.
Colman of Dromore, Saint, placed under training of St. Mochae, 143;
goes to St. Ailbe of Emly, 143;
again visits Noendrum, 144;
the first teacher of St. Finnian of Moville, 246.
Colman, abbot of Moville, Saint, regarded as the author of a Latin
hymn, 255;
English translation of this hymn, by Denis Florence M'Carthy, 255,
256.
Colman, king of North Leinster, and St. Fintan of Clonenagh, 402, 403.
Colman of Mayo, Saint, receives his education in Iona, 526;
appointed Bishop of Lindisfarne, 527;
on the Easter Controversy, at Conference of Whitby, 527-529;
defeated at Whitby, by Wilfrid, 529;
leaves Northumbria and retires to island of Innisboffin, 529;
founds monasteries of Innisboffin and Mayo, 530;
interesting memorials of, in Innisboffin, 531, 532;
death of, 533.
Columba of Terryglass, Saint, Fintan of Clonenagh placed under care of,
400;
founds a temporary establishment at Clonenagh, 401;
descent and early youth of, 513, 514;
at Clonard, 514;
visits to Home and England, 514;
founds three churches, 514;
established at Iniscaltra, 514, 515;
again visits Clonard, 515;
death of, 515;
his body buried first at Iniscaltra afterwards transferred to
Terryglass, 516.
Columba, Saint, a typical Celt, 291;
birth and descent of, 292;
his early life and training, 293;
at Moville, 294;
places himself under the instruction of a Bard, 291, 295;
at Clonard, 295;
at Glasnevin, 296;
returns to his native territory, 297;
founds school of Derry, 298, 299;
personal description of, 300;
founds school of Durrow, 301;
interesting incidents connected with, 302;
writes _Book of Durrow_, 304;
School of Kells, founded by, 307;
writing of _Book of Kells_ attributed to, 309;
and battle of Cuil-Dreimhne, 310;
ordered to leave Ireland for the sin of urging his kinsmen to fight
this battle, 311;
sets sail for Alba, 312;
island of Iona (Hy) granted to, 316;
protects the Bards, 320-323;
subsequent history of, 323;
death of, 324-326;
writings of, 326-328;
poems and prophecies attributed, to, 329;
_Lives of_, 330, 331.
Columbanus, Saint, date of his birth, 371;
early life of, 371, 372;
leaves his home, and goes to Monastery of Cluaninis, 372;
admitted to Bangor, 372;
with some companions, go first to England, from thence to Gaul, 372;
preaches the Gospel through the towns and villages of Gaul, 373;
and his companions get established at Annegray, 373;
founds a monastery at Luxeuil, 374;
and his monks have to bear a sore trial, 374, 375;
driven from Luxeuil, 376;
and his monks establish themselves at Bregentz, 376;
leaves Bregentz, crosses the Alps, and founds monastery of Bobbio,
377;
death of, 378;
writings of, 378-380.
Columbian schools, sacred learning in, 318, 319.
Comgall, Saint, at Glasnevin, 297;
birth and parentage of, 365;
his early youth, 365;
becomes a disciple of St. Fintan, 366-402;
pays a visit to Clonmacnoise and receives the priesthood there, 367;
founds school of Bangor, 367;
visited there by St. Columba and some of his followers, 368;
performs a miracle, 368;
pays a return visit to Columba, 369;
death of, 310.
Commission of Nine, members of, 54;
real authors of _Senchus Mor_, 55.
Conall Derg, king, family of, 164.
Conall, king, grants the inland of Iona to St. Columba, 316;
descent of, 317.
Conall, Saint, bishop of Ross, 492.
Conchessa, mother of St. Patrick, 44.
Conchobhar (Connor), deprives poets of exclusive privileges, 7.
Conference, Paris, production of, 388.
Confession of St. Patrick, evidence in favour of its authenticity, 67,
68;
the Saint's motive in writing, 69;
reference to Saint's personal history and Apostolic labours in, 70-72;
shows he was a native of Britain, 72.
Cong, members of O'Duffy family buried at, 539;
remains of the abbey of, 558, 559;
Rory O'Connor retires to monastery of, to die, 559, 560.
Conla Cainbrethach, distinguished judge, mentioned in introduction to
_Senchus Mor_, 11.
Conlath, Saint, selected by St. Brigid to govern her churches and
monasteries, 131;
an artificer in metal work, 137.
Conmach, Primate of Armagh, gets the clergy exempted from military
service, 410.
Conn the Hundred Fighter, descendants of, 16.
Conn-na-m-Bocht, holy man, descendants of, 280.
Convention of Drumceat, the three questions considered at, 321, 322.
Coolbanagher, church of, St. Ængus beholds a vision of angels at, 407.
Corban gives Aran up to St. Enda, 177.
Corc, king, member of Commission of Nine, 54.
Corca Laighde, territory of, 490;
race of, 490.
Cormac, son of Diarmaid, king of Hy-Kinsellagh, and St. Fintan of
Clonenagh, 402, 403.
Cormac, king of Hy-Bairrche, retires to Bangor before his death, 370.
Cormac, bishop and abbot of Glendalough, death of recorded, 425.
Coroticus king, difference of opinion regarding, 73;
the _Book of Armagh_ regarding, 75.
Cosgrach, professor of Kildare, death of, 138.
Council of Nice, second, on image worship, 385;
censured at Synod of Frankfort, 386;
at Paris Conference, 388.
Crimthan, king, 82.
Cronan, of Roscrea, Saint, founds monastery of Roscrea, 523;
a specimen of the miracles given in his _Life_, 523;
the _Book of Dimma_, 523, 524.
Cross of Tuam, described, 554, 555, 556.
Cross of Cong, history and description of, 560, 561.
Crozier of Lismore, description of, 472, 473.
Cuanna, Saint, descent of, 466;
goes to the school of Rahan, 466;
founds monastery of Killcooney, 466;
made abbot of Lismore, 466;
death of, 467.
Cuil-Dreimhne, battle of, 250, 310, 311;
story of, regarded by some as the invention of a later age, 311;
site of, 312.
_Cuilmen_, book, 29.
Cuimine the Fair, abbot, _Life of Columba_ attributed to, 330;
the Paschal Epistle attributed to, 334.
Cummian (the Tall), Saint, birth of, 229;
in St. Finbarr's school, 230;
his appointment to Clonfert, 230, 231;
characteristic story told of, 231;
his relations with King Domhnall, 232;
the part he played in the Paschal Controversy, 233;
and the Synod of Magh Lene, 236, 237;
analysis of his Paschal Epistle, 237-240;
probably the author of _Liber de Mensura Poenitentiarum_, 240, 241;
death of, 241.
Cummian Finn, Saint, writings of, 241.
Daghda, king and poet, 8.
Dagobert, king of Austrasia, a pupil in college of Slane, 590.
Daire, king, member of the Commission of Nine, 54;
remarks on, 55;
grants a site for Cathedral of Armagh to St. Patrick, 111, 112.
Dairinis, Island of, St. Finnian visits, 195-198.
Dallan Forgaill, chief bard, reorganises and reforms the Bardic Order,
323;
compositions of, 616.
Danes, the, plunder Armagh, 120;
burn and pillage Louth, 149;
plunder Beg-Erin, 158;
plunder Clonard, 207;
Clonmacnoise, 274, 275;
Glendalough, 429;
Ross, 493;
Mungret, 510;
Iniscaltra, 521.
Darerca, mother of St. Ciaran, 259.
Darinia, sister of St. Enda, 169.
Dathi, king, mentioned, 28.
David, Saint, birth and parentage of, 196;
founds a great college, 196;
appointed archbishop, 196, 197.
Dearbhforgaill, dies in pilgrimage at Glendalough, 430.
Death of St. Columba, 324-326.
Declan, Saint, Life of, 153;
evidence against its authenticity, 155.
De Gray, John, bishop of Norwich, 269.
De Lacy, Walter, refounds monastery of Clonard, 208.
_De Mensura Orbis Terrarum_, treatise, account of its contents, 281,
282, 284-290.
Demetrias, Epistle of Pelagius to, 41.
De Rochford, Simon, transfers See of Meath to Trim, 208.
Derry, See of, established, 357.
Dervorgilla, wife of Tiernan O'Rorke, builds a church at Clonmacnoise,
553.
Dialogue of the two Sages, circumstances which led to, 9.
Diarmaid, king of Meath, makes grants to Clonmacnoise, 271.
Diarmaid, bishop of Iniscaltra, 521.
Dicuil the Geographer, his treatise _De Mensura Orbis Terrarum_, 281;
personal history of, 282;
where and by whom he was educated, 282-284;
sources from which he derived the information contained in his
treatise, _De Mensura Orbis Terrarum_, 284;
his reference to the Irish pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 285, 286;
his reference to Iceland and the Faroë Islands, 286, 287;
his reference to the poet, Sedulius, 289, 290.
Discipline, of an Irish monastery, 97-102;
of lay colleges, 628-631.
Disert-Diarmada, monastery of, 605.
Doctor in Poetry, qualifications required in early times to become, 7.
Domhnall, king, St. Cummian's relations with, 232;
death of, 233.
Donovan, chief of the Hy-Fidhgente, makes Mahoun a prisoner, 484.
Dorbene, abbot of Iona, 336.
Drogonus, archbishop, translates the relics of St. Cathaldus, 464.
Druids, learning of, 1;
religions tenets of, 1, 2;
the British, 2;
places of worship, 3;
Irish, 3;
worship of, 3;
functions of, 4;
acquaintance with letters, 4;
abodes of Irish, 5;
idolatrous practice of sun-worship, 5.
Drumcullen, monastery of, Saint Carthach at, 451.
Duach Galach, descent of, 226.
Dubhthach, chief poet and Brehon, member of Commission of Nine, 54.
Dubricius, bishop of Landaff, consecration of, 196;
his monastery at Llancarvan, 196.
Dunchadh, archdeacon of Mungret, death of, 511.
Dungal, theologian, astronomer, and poet, 381;
an Irishman, 382;
place or date of his birth not fixed, 382;
his letter to Charlemagne on the solar eclipses, 382-384;
opens a school at Pavia, 385;
writes a book in which he defends the Catholic doctrine regarding
Iconoclasm, against the trifling of Bishop Claudius, 390, 391;
character of his writings, 391, 392;
death of, 392.
Dunlaing, king, massacres attendants of Cormac Mac Art, 18.
Dysertenos, Saint Ængus leads a penitential life at, 406.
Eamhnat, mother of St. Moling, 426.
Ecgfrid, king, slain, and his army routed, 340.
Egbert, Saint, of Northumbria, comes to Ireland, 590;
studies in Connaught, 591;
a vision appears to, 592;
sets sail for Iona, 592;
death of, 593.
Eithne, mother of St. Columbkille, descent of, 292.
_Elegia_, poem by Sedulius, description of, 37.
Elitheria, monastery of, founded, 535, 536.
Elphin, monastery at, 160, 161.
Embroideresses, of St. Patrick's household, 66.
Enda of Aran, Saint, descent of, 164;
conversion of, 165;
gives proof of the sincerity of his conversion, 165, 166;
founds a monastery at Killeany, 166;
repairs to monastery of Rosnat, 165-168;
visits Rome, 168;
death of, 168;
founds his monastery on Aran, 177;
is visited by several of the contemporary saints, 177, 178;
leads a simple and austere life, 180, 181.
Eochaid, Tirmcharna, descent of, 226.
Eoghan, king, 111.
Epistle, to Coroticus, of St. Patrick, 73-75;
reference made by the Saint to his own personal history in, 74.
Erc, bishop, judge in St. Patrick's household, 65;
baptizes St. Brendan of Clonfert, 210;
takes Brendan under his own charge, 211;
confers the order of priesthood on Brendan, 213;
death of, 213.
Ercnat, daughter of King Daire, gets enamoured of St. Benignus, 115.
Erigena, John Scotus, of Irish birth and education, 576;
the English and Scotch strive to make him their own, 577, 578;
in the palace of Charles the Bald, 578, 579;
witticisms of, 579;
publishes his _Liber de Prædestinatione_, 581;
alleged errors about the Real Presence, 583;
translates the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius, 584;
the Pope complains of its publication without the Apostolic sanction,
585;
composes his work, _De Divisione Naturae_, 586;
this Book condemned, 587;
death of, 588.
Esker Brenain, church of, 199.
Etan, princess and poetess, 9.
Eu or Augum, monastery of, St. Laurence O'Toole in, 444;
his death in, 445.
Fachtna, Saint, birth and early training of, 490;
goes to school of Cork, 491;
founds monasteries of Molana and Ross, 491;
becomes entirely blind, 492;
death of, 492.
Family, monastic, members of, 152;
virtues and penances practised by, 99-101;
ordinary meal of, 101;
ordinary dress of, 102.
Fanchea, nun, converts her brother (St. Enda), 164, 165.
Faolain, father of St. Moling, 426.
Faughart, memorials of St. Brigid at, 128, 129;
Edward Bruce buried in churchyard of, 128.
Faustinus Arevalus, admits that the story of Sedulius (poet), he being a
Spaniard, in fabulous, 31.
Feargus, prince, descendants of, 226.
Fedelmith, king, and St. Finan Cam, 498.
Feis of Tara, national parliament, in existence before time of Cormac
Mac Art, 19;
object of, 20;
the meetings of, 20.
Felimy (Fedhlimidh), father of St. Columbkille, descent of, 292.
Felire of St. Aengus, described, 409, 410, 411;
Dr. Stokes on its authorship, 412.
Ferceirtne, royal poet, 9.
Ferdomhach, professor of Kildare, death of, 138.
Ferdomnach, scribe, transcribed Book of Armagh, 103.
Fergus, poet, member of Commission of Nine, 54.
Fiacc of Sletty, Saint, descent of, 81;
offers himself for the service of the Church, 83;
founds two churches, 83;
his life at Sletty, 84;
death of, 85;
writings of, 85, 86.
Finan Cam, Saint, birth and descent of, 497;
founds monastery of Kinnity, 497;
evidence which goes to show he was founder of Innisfallen, 497, 498;
miracles attributed to, 498, 499.
Finan the Leper, Saint, commonly regarded as founder of Innisfallen,
496;
evidence for and against this theory, 496, 497, 498;
monasteries mentioned in connection with, 497.
Finan, bishop of Lindisfarne, 527.
Finbarr, Saint, history of his birth, 476;
placed under care of a holy man, 477;
founds several churches, 477;
his retreat in Gougane Barra, 478, 479;
founds school of Cork, 480;
goes on a pilgrimage to Rome, 481;
death of, 482;
character of, 483;
writing of, 484;
tragical event which took place in connection with this writing, 484,
485.
Finchad, Saint, bishop of Ross, 492.
Findath, mother of St. Fintan of Clonenagh, 399.
Findlug, father of St. Brendan of Clonfert, 210.
Findmath, mother of St. Carthach, descent of, 447.
Finloch, father of St. Finnian, descent and family of, 194.
Finn Cummian, 241.
Finnachta, king of Ireland, and Adamnan, 337, 338;
remits Borumean tribute, 341, 428;
death of, 342.
Finnachta, abbot, 626, 627.
Finnian of Clonard, Saint, descent and birth of, 194;
visits the saints of Wales, 195;
their history, 196-198;
miracles performed in Wales by, 198;
returns to Ireland, 198;
founds two churches, 199;
founds school of Clonard, 199, 200;
lives an austere life, 200;
visited at Clonard by all the distinguished saints of Erin, 201;
the routine of daily life in school of, 202;
his power of expounding the Sacred Scriptures, 203;
death of, 204.
Finnian of Moville, Saint, boyhood and education of, 246;
goes to monastery of Rosnat (Candida Casa), 247;
goes to Rome, 248;
returns to Ireland, and brings with him copy of entire Bible, 249;
founds school of Moville, 249;
Psaltery, copy of, 250, 251;
Rule composed by, for his monks, 253, 254;
death of, 254;
was, it seems, a bishop, 255.
Fintan Corach, Saint, the immediate successor of St. Brendan in
Clonfert, 224;
encourages the study and practice of sacred psalmody, 225;
death of, 225.
Fintan, Munster prince, travels as a soldier of fortune into North
Connaught, 226;
secretly marries the daughter of king of Connaught, 227.
Fintan Maeldubh, raised to the abbacy of Clonenagh, 404.
Fintan of Clonenagh, Saint, St. Comgall becomes a disciple of, 366, 402;
birth and descent of, 399, 400;
placed under care of St. Columba of Terryglass, 400;
with other saints found a temporary establishment at Clonenagh, 401;
founds a permanent establishment there, 401;
Rule of, 401;
miracles of, 402, 403;
death of, 404.
Firaull, father of St. Carthach, descent of, 447.
Fire, "perpetual," of Kildare, 100, 101.
Flaithbeartach, abbot of Inniscathy, and Cormac MacCullinan, 610, 611.
Flann, mother of St. Cummian, sketch of her history, 229;
dies a holy nun, 229.
Flann, king, builds a church at Clonmacnoise, 266.
Flann of Monasterboice, prose chronicler, 276.
Flann Failbhe, kindly receives St. Carthach, 452;
and St. Finan Cam, 499.
Flann Sionna, king of Ireland defeated at battle of Magh Lena, 609, 610.
Fortchern, Saint, descent and conversion of, 194;
said to have founded a school, 195;
St. Finnian placed under care of, 195.
Fortunatus, poet, cited, 35.
Fothadh, poet and adviser of King Aedh, decides that the clergy should
be exempted from military service, 410.
Fursey, Saint, descent of, 226;
history of his birth, 226, 227;
baptized and trained by Saint Brendan of Clonfert, 227;
founds a monastery, 227.
Gabhren, father of St. Fintan of Clonenagh, 399.
Gelasius, Pope, approves of writings of Sedulius, 34, 35.
---- Primate of Armagh, 121;
what is known of his family or birthplace, 358, 359;
becomes abbot of Derry, 359;
raised to Primacy of Armagh, 359;
his reign remarkable for two things, 359;
visits Munster and Connaught, 360;
convenes and presides over several Synods, 360-362;
consecrates St. Laurence O'Toole to be archbishop of Dublin, 362, 436;
presides over Synod of Clane, 362, 437;
death of, 363.
Gemman, bard, instructs Saint Columbkille, 294;
striking incident connected with, 295.
Gennadius, 31;
cited, 41.
Gerald, of Mayo, Saint, placed under St. Colman's care, 534;
and his brothers come to Ireland, 534, 535;
founds a monastery, 535;
attends a meeting at Tara, 536, 537;
paid a visit by Saint Adamnan, 537;
date of his death, 537.
Germanus, Saint, becomes bishop of Auxerre, 47;
leads a life of austerity, 47;
becomes the tutor of St. Patrick, 47;
builds a monastery, 48;
is accompanied to Britain by St. Patrick, 48;
sends Saint Patrick to Rome, 49.
Gildas, Saint, teaches in School of Armagh, 118;
his work, 119;
his meeting with St. Finnian, 195.
Giraldus, archbishop, causes the relics of St. Cathaldus to be enclosed
in a silver shrine, 464.
Glendalough, topography of, 417, 418;
existing ruins at, 422-425;
the Danes at, 430.
Gobban Saer, architect or Ollamh-builder, 551, 552.
Godfrey, king of Danes, plunders country round Kells, 348.
Gontran, king of Burgundy, receives St. Columbanus with a warm welcome,
373.
Gotteschalk, monk, his doctrine on Predestination condemned, 580, 581.
Gougane Barra, lake, described, 478, 479;
ruins on island in, 479;
Father Denis O'Mahony takes up his abode in this lonely retreat, 479.
Graine, wife of Finn Mac Cumhaill, Rath of, at Tara, 22.
Guaire, king of Connaught, 230;
characteristic story told of, 231, 518;
defeated in battle at Carn Fearadhaigh, 231;
at Carn Conaile, 271;
death of, 271.
Guigneus, Saint, spends some time in Aran, 179.
Hare Island (Inis Ainghin), Saint Ciaran founds an oratory on, 261.
Henry de Loundres, puts out the fire of St. Brigid at Kildare, 138.
Henry II., St. Laurence O'Toole submits to, 441, 442;
Rory O'Connor formally and finally gives up all claim of Ireland to,
442;
grants the dying request of St. Laurence O'Toole, 444.
Hincmar, bishop, convenes a Synod at Quiercy, where doctrine of
Gotteschalk, regarding Predestination, is condemned, 580, 581;
attacked by French theologians, 581;
convenes another Synod, and formulates his own doctrine on Grace and
Predestination, 582;
this doctrine sanctioned, 583.
_History of Sligo_, quoted, 1.
Honoratus, Saint, retires to island of Lerins, and subsequently founds a
school there; becomes third and last teacher of Saint Patrick, 50;
made bishop of Arles, 50;
the disciple of John Cassian, 191;
death of, 191.
Honorius III., enrols St. Laurence O'Toole as canonized Saint, 446.
"Honours," St. Patrick entitled to four, in Irish Church, according to
Book of Armagh, 77.
Household of St. Patrick, members of, 65.
Hy-Briuin, race, descent of, 226.
Hymn, St. Sechnall's, circumstances to which it owed its origin, 77-79.
Hymn, "_Sancti Venite_," 80, 81.
Ibar, Saint, a pre-Patrician bishop, 156;
his early training, 156;
builds his oratory on island of Beg-Erin, 156;
is visited in his island retreat by crowds of disciples, 157;
and his nephew, St. Abban, visit Rome, 157;
death of, 157.
Ildelfonsus, cited, 35.
Illumination, art of, in monastic schools of Kildare, 139.
Imar, king of Danes of Limerick, defeated by Brian Boru, 494.
Inchiquin, island, monastery in, 219.
Inisboffin, monastery of, founded, 530;
situation of, 531;
memorials of St. Colman in, 531, 532;
disagreement between the Irish and English monks of, 533.
Iniscaltra, island, situation of, 512, 513;
ruined monuments still remaining at, 519, 520.
Inis-da-druim (Coney Island), St. Brendan founds a monastery on, 216.
Inisgloria (Inis-gluair), island, St. Brendan founds an oratory in, 219;
at present, 220.
Innisfallen, island, description of, 505.
Instruction, course of, pursued by Druids, Bards and Brehons, 12.
Instruction, oral, communicated by St. Patrick to his disciples, 62, 63.
Iona (Hy), island, description of, 315, 316;
no trace of the original buildings of Columba at present in, 317;
churches of a later date in, 317, 318;
becomes a celebrated place of pilgrimage, 346;
pillaged and plundered, 346.
Iserninus, bishop, accompanies St. Patrick to Ireland, 59, 80;
founds a church, 60;
present at first Synod held in Ireland, 60.
Isidore of Seville, scholar, cited, 35.
Ita, Saint, the "Brigid of Munster," 127;
founds her convent, 211;
St. Brendan placed under fosterage of, 211.
Jarlath, Saint, founds college of Cluainfois, 160, 542;
descent of, 541, 542;
builds a church at Tuam da ghuallan, 544;
date of his death 544;
relics of, 545.
John of Tritenheim, Benedictine monk, cited, 30.
Judges, ecclesiastical, taught their duties by St. Patrick, 61.
Justus of Fuerty, deacon, St. Patrick gives his own book of ritual to,
63;
baptizes St. Ciaran, 259.
Kathleen, genuine story of St. Kevin and, 416.
Keating, historian, cited, 20-24.
Keller, Dr., recovers most authentic copy of _Adamnan's Life of St.
Columba_, 334, 335.
Kells, memorials of St. Columba at, 308, 309.
Kevin (Coemghen), Saint, descent of, 414;
birth of, 415;
placed under care of St. Petroc, 415;
transferred to the guidance of his uncle, St. Eugenius, 416;
flies to the recesses of Glendalough, 416;
reasons which induced him to fly from his native district, 416;
ordained priest, 417;
his bed in Glendalough, 418;
life at Glendalough, 418, 419;
leaves his cave in Lugduff, 419;
founds monastery of Glendalough, 420;
meets Saints Columba, Comgall and Canice on hill of Usney in
Westmeath, 421;
death of, 421.
Kilbannon, monastery of, established by St. Benignus, 159, 542.
Kilcommin, old ruin at, 231.
Kilcooney, monastery of, founded, 466.
Kildare, church of, description of, 133;
ancient buildings of, 138.
Killeany, monastery of, founded, 177;
existing remains in townland of, 181, 182.
Killossy, church of, 60;
etymology of the word, 60.
Kil-mac-nenain (Kilmacrenan), St. Columba spends the years of his youth
at, 293.
Kilmore, church of, 146.
Kilnamanagh, monastery of St. Kevin in, 416.
Kings, taught their duties by St. Patrick, 61, 62.
Kinnity, monastery of, founded by St. Finan Cam, 498.
Labour, daily, in monastery, 102;
religious exercises, 103;
study, 103, 104;
manual, 104.
Laeghaire, king, and his Druids overcome by St. Patrick, 50, 51;
member of Commission of Nine, 54.
Laisren, abbot of Iona, 333.
Laurence, bishop of Canterbury, Millitus of London, and Justus of
Rochester admonish the Irish on their errors in reference to
Easter, 235.
_Leabhar Breac_, quoted, 135.
Leabhar-na-h-Uidhre, work, history and contents of, 280, 281.
Learning, in Ireland, in the time of St. Patrick, 42, 43.
Legislation, ecclesiastical, exercised by St. Patrick, 61, 62.
_Liber de Mensura Poenitentiarum_, work, 240;
contents of, 241.
Liberius, poem attributed to, 38.
_Life Tripartite_, of St. Patrick, description of, 83, 89;
date and probable author of, 89, 90.
_Life of St. Ailbe of Emly_, 151, 152;
its authenticity refuted, 155.
_Life of St. Abban_, quoted, 157.
_Lives_, six, of St. Brigid, reference to, 133-137.
_Lives_ of St. Columba, 330, 331.
Llancarvan, school of, St. Finnian in, 196;
Irishmen in, 197.
Lochru, chief Druid, miraculously destroyed at prayer of St.
Patrick, 50, 51.
Loman, Saint, converts St. Fortchern, 184;
descent of, 194.
Lomman, king, and St. Patrick, 506, 507.
Lonan Kerr, Saint, spends some time in Aran, 179.
_Lorica_, of St. Patrick, reason of its composition, 75, 76;
the Book of Armagh on, 77.
Lothaire, crowned emperor by the Pope, 385;
appoints a conference at Paris, 388;
his letter to the Pope, 389.
Lua, founder of Clonfert-Mulloe, at Bangor, 369.
Luchat the Bald, miraculously destroyed, 50, 51.
Lupait, sister of St. Patrick, 66.
Luxeuil, monastery of, established, 374;
St. Columbanus and his monks expelled from, 375, 376.
Macaille, bishop, gives the religious veil to St. Brigid, 129.
Mac Art, Cormac, character of, 16;
early training of, 17;
his narrow escape from Lughaidh MacCon, 17;
avenges wanton massacre of his attendants by Dunlaing, 18;
organizes a standing army, "Fenian Militia," 18;
literary history of, 19-25;
convenes regular meetings of national parliament--Feis of Tara, 20;
erects a parliament house, 20, 21;
literary works of, 23-25;
death and burial of, 26, 27;
seems to transmit his talents to his daughters, 27, 28.
Mac Awley, Amergin, poet, author of the _Dinnsenchus_, 615.
Mac Cairthinn, bishop, champion in Saint Patrick's household, 65;
St. Patrick founds a church for, 130.
Mac Carthy, Cormac, refounds monastery of Cork, 486;
becomes King of Cashel, 607;
builds a chapel at Cashel, 608;
made bishop, 608.
Mac Cerbhaill, Diarmaid, and his palace at Tara, cursed by Saints
Ruadhan and Brendan, 218, 307;
slain, 218, 307;
and St. Ciaran's prophecy, 262;
and copy of St. Finnian's Psaltery, 250;
descent of, 306;
grants Kells to Saint Columbkille, 307;
and battle of Cuil-Dreimhne, 310, 311.
Mac Coise, Errard, chief poet, 624, 625.
Mac Con, Lughaidh, defeats King Art in battle, 17;
attempts to seize Cormac Mac Art, 17;
killed, 17.
Mac Concumba, learned scribe, 271.
Mac Cosse, lector of Ross, geographical poem of, 494, 495.
Mac Creiche, Saint, spends some time in Aran, 179.
Mac Crimthann, Felim, holds a conference with Niall at Clonfert, 242;
plunders Clonmacnoise, 275;
retires to a hermitage before his death, 275;
death of, 276.
Mac Cullinan, Cormac, his bequest to Glendalough, 429;
bequest to Mungret, 510;
birth of, 604;
called to the throne of Cashel, 605-608;
acquires his learning at monastery of Disert-Diarmada, 605, 606;
bishop of Cashel, 610;
stirring events of his reign, 609, 610;
greatest fault of, 610;
slain at battle of Ballaghmoon, 611;
writings of, 612-614.
Mac Cumhaill, Finn, poet and warrior, 10;
is general of Fenian Militia, 19.
Mac Duagh, Colman, founds two churches, 185.
Mac Firbis, Duald, scribe, 278, 279.
Mac Gorman, Finn, copies _Book of Leinster_, 140.
Mac Lenin Colman, Saint, induced St. Brendan to give up his worldly
life, 212.
Mac Liag, Brian Boru's secretary, work of, 620, 621.
Mac Lonan, Flann, historical poet, poems written by, 618.
Mac Murrough, Diarmaid, forcibly carries away the Abbess of Kildare,
138;
plunders and burns Clonard, 207;
death of, 208;
his treatment of young St. Laurence O'Toole 433;
attack on Dublin, 440.
Mac Nadfraich, Aenghus, king, baptized by St. Patrick, 54.
Mac Nessa, Conor, becomes a benefactor of the poets, 10.
Mac Nisse, abbot of Clonmacnoise, 270.
Mac O'Cluasaigh, Colman, Saint, the tutor of St. Cummian the Tall, 230;
his elegy on death of St. Cummian, 241;
death of, 242.
Mac Robartaigh (now M'Groarty), family of, appointed custodians of
casket which holds copy of St. Finnian's Psaltery, 252;
members of, who met their death in defence of this sacred charge, 252;
Marianus Scotus, a member of, 349.
Mac Ua Lugair, Dubthach, exhibits judgments and laws of Erin to St.
Patrick, 53;
his alliance with Patrick, 56, 57;
his conversion, 82;
their meeting some years later, 82, 83.
Mac Ui Clusaigh, Colman, Saint, nothing known of his personal history,
487;
a professor in Cork, 487;
hymn composed by, 488, 489.
Maelbrighde, successor of St. Patrick, 120.
Maelcaisil, abbot of Mungret, death of, 511.
Maelgenn, chief of the Druids, shows his magical power, 26.
Maelmuire, Primate of Armagh, had Brian Boru and his son interred at
Armagh, 113.
Maelmuire, scribe, work compiled by, 280.
Maelmura, of Fathan, poems attributed to, 617, 618.
Maelruan, Saint, abbot of Tallaght, discovers the identity of St.
Ængus, 408;
and St. Ængus jointly writes the Martyrology of Tallaght, 408, 409.
Maeve, rath of, at Tara, 22;
credited with being the author of a poem, 27.
Magh Enna, plain, an angel appears to St. Brendan on, 213;
performs a miracle there, 213.
Magh Mucruimhe (near Athenry), great battle fought at, 17.
Magh Slecht, St. Patrick overturns the idols of, 51.
Mahoun, brother of Brian Boru, assassinated, 484;
Brian avenges the murder of, 485.
Malachy, Saint, birth and parentage of, 393;
ordained a priest, 393;
at the College of Lismore, 393;
appointed to the abbacy of Bangor, 394;
builds an oratory once again at Bangor, 394;
made bishop of Connor, 394;
founds a monastery at Cashel, 395;
transferred to the Primatial See of Armagh, 395;
expels the usurpers of the See of Armagh, 396;
appointed Papal Legate for all Ireland, 396;
death of, at Clairvaux, 397.
Manchan, Saint, shrine of, history and description of, 564, 565.
Mangan, Clarence, poet, cited, 28, 29.
Martin, Saint, supposed relationship with St. Patrick, 44;
joins the imperial army, 45;
life of at Marmoutier, 45, 46;
is made bishop, 45;
the father of monasticism in Gaul, 93.
Mathona, sister of St. Benignus, receives the veil from Saint
Patrick, 126;
founds a church and convent, 126.
Maur, Raban, bishop, 580.
Mayo, See of, annexed to Tuam, 540, 541.
Mercartor, Marius, cited, 40.
Michael the Stammerer, Greek Emperor, his letter to Lothaire, 388.
Missal, Bobbio, 380.
Mobhi Clarainech, Saint, of Glasnevin, 296.
Mochae, Saint, Patrick converts, baptizes and tonsures, 141;
descent of, 142;
founds monastery of Noendrum, 142;
St. Colman placed under the training of, 143;
strange story concerning, 144, 145;
death of, 144.
Mochta, Saint, birth of, 146;
founds church of Kill-mor (Cella-magna), 146;
works a miracle, 147;
founds school of Louth, 147;
St. Patrick visits, 147;
Rule of, 148;
author of a work, 148, 149;
death of, 148.
Mochoroy, Saint, favourite disciple of St. Kevin, 421.
Mocumin, Saint, under care of St. Columba of Terryglass, 400.
Moel, Druid, converted to the faith of Christ, 51.
Moinenn, Saint, the intimate friend and associate of St. Brendan, 222;
appointed by St. Brendan to rule Clonfert, 222;
things concerning him which are doubtful, 223, 224.
Molana, monastery of, founded by St. Fachtna, 491.
Moling, Saint, descent of, 426;
spends some time in monastery of Glendalough, 426;
founds a monastery, 426;
had a love of useful labour, 427;
his austerities and virtues attract a great number of disciples, 427;
becomes bishop of Ferns, 427;
procures the remission of the cow-tribute, 428;
writings ascribed to, 428, 429;
death of, 429.
Molloy, chief of Desmond, has Mahoun assassinated, 484, 485.
Monastery, Irish, general view of, 91-94;
the buildings connected with, 94-97;
discipline of, 97-102;
spirit of hospitality in, 100, 101;
daily labour of, 102-106.
Monk, the true, 91, 92;
at first, 92.
_Morals of St. Gregory the Great_, a famous book in the schools of
Ireland, 117.
Morann, learned judge, mentioned in _Senchus Mor_, 11.
Morini, Bartholomew and Bonaventure, wrote _Life of St. Cathaldus_,
457, 458;
quoted, 459, 460.
Mor Rigan, queen and poetess, 8.
Moville, situation of, 245;
in ancient times famous for its great religious establishments, 245.
Mucknoi, bishop, receives "seven Books of the Law" from St. Patrick, 63.
Muirgheas, abbot of Mungret, death of, 511.
Munchin, Saint, descent of, 509;
builds himself a cell and oratory--Cill-Munchin, 509.
Murtough, father of St. Laurence O'Toole, 433.
Naomh Gilla-na, bishop of Glendalough, 431.
Nechan, Libeus, Saint, spends some time in Aran, 179.
Nectan, king, expels the Columbian monks from his dominions, 345.
Neidhe, poet, 9.
Nessan, abbot of Cork, 485.
Nessan of Mungret, ordained deacon by St. Patrick, 507;
his visit to St. Ailbe of Emly, 507, 508;
death of, 508.
Ninian, Saint, said to have visited St. Mochae at Noendrum, 143, 246;
founds school of Candida Casa (Rosnat), 247;
this school under, 166-168.
Noendrum (Mahee island), situation of, 141.
O'Bolcan, Nuada, abbot of Tuam, death of, 545.
O'Brien, Murtough, retires to monastery of Lismore, 470;
plunders Mungret, 511;
gives over Cashel for religious purposes, 608.
O'Brolchain Maelisa, Saint, retires to a monastic school, 353;
a teacher and scholar, 353;
said to have founded an oratory at Lismore, 354;
death of, 354.
O'Brolchain, Aedh, professor, death of, 354.
O'Brolchain, Maelbrighde, bishop of Kildare, death of, 354.
O'Brolchain, Maelcolaim, bishop of Kildare, death of, 354.
O'Brolchain, Flaithbhertach, comarb of Columcille, procures money and
renovates the monastery of Derry, 355, 356;
elevated to the episcopal order--See of Derry established, 357;
his death as recorded by the _Four Masters_, 357.
O'Brolchain, Domhnall, appointed to the abbacy of Iona, 358;
erects a great church there, 358.
O'Brolchain, Flann, abbot of Iona, 358.
O'Cearbhail, Maelsuthain, chief, the intimate friend and counsellor of
Brian Boru, 501;
a renowned professor, 502;
and the three students, 502, 503;
regarded as the author or compiler of _Annals of Innisfallen_, 503.
O'Cleirigh, Eoghan, bishop of Connaught, death of, 545.
O'Connor, Rory, king, grants tithes to Armagh, 121;
is stimulated to resist the attack of the Normans on Dublin, by St.
Laurence O'Toole, 441;
formally gives up his claims to the kingdom of Ireland, 442;
St. Laurence O'Toole travels to England and France in the interest
of, 443;
retires to abbey of Cong to die, 559, 560.
O'Connor, Cathal, founds a chapel at Clonmacnoise, 268.
O'Connor, Turlough, fleet of, despoils Desmond, 495;
Celtic Art during reign of, 547-565;
buildings erected during reign of, 557-559;
rebuilds Cathedral of Tuam, 557.
O'Curry, cited, 1, 3, 4, _et seq._
O'Donnell, Cathbarr, got casket made which holds copy of St. Finnian's
Psaltery, 252;
death of, 252.
O'Donnell, Manus, wrote a life of St. Columba, 330.
O'Drugan, professor in School of Armagh, death of, 121.
O'Duffys, the, 547, 550.
O'Duffy, Cele, Bishop of Mayo, 539.
O'Duffy, Flanagan Ruadh, professor, death of, 548.
O'Duffy, Domhnall, bishop of Elphin death of, 561.
O'Duffy, Muireadhach, high bishop of Connaught, death of, 560.
O'Duffy, Catholicus, high-bishop of Connaught, death of, 549, 555.
Oena, Saint, abbot of Clonmacnoise, 270.
Oengoba, father of St. Ængus, descent of, 405.
O'Flaherty, cited, 19, 22, 23, 305, _et seq._
O'Flinn, Eochaid, historic poet, poems of, 619.
Ogma, poet, invention of Ogham Alphabet attributed to, 13.
O'Gorman, Florence, professor in Armagh, death of, 121.
O'Hagan, Imar, archbishop, rebuilds church of Armagh, 121.
O'Hanlon, Canon:
---- _Lives of the Irish Saints_, quoted, 38.
---- _Life of St. Brigid_, quoted, 129.
O'Hartigan, Cinaeth, historic poet, 619.
O'Hessian, Hugh, high-bishop of Connaught, 549, 555.
O'Hoisin, Aedh, archbishop of Tuam, 545.
O'Huihair, Patrick, a poet of Innisfallen, 504.
Oisin (Ossian), Erin's greatest poet, 10;
story of his relations with St. Patrick, 57.
O'Kelly, Diarmaid, plunders monastery of Clonfert, 243.
O'Kelly, Conor, founds a sepulchral chapel at Clonmacnoise, 268.
O'Leathain, Colman, Saint, a pupil, abbot, and bishop of Lismore, 467.
Ollamh Fodhla, king, reigns and dies at Tara, 19.
O'Lochain, Cuan, poet, quoted, 23;
descent of, 623;
slain, 624;
poems written by, 624.
Olum Ollioll, learned poet, poems written by, 10.
O'Malone (O'Maeileoin), Gillachrist, work attributed to, 279.
O'Manchan, Brehon, death of, recorded, 430.
O'Melaghlin, Donogh, prince of Meath, sentence of excommunication
pronounced upon, 361.
O'Moore Moran, lector of Armagh, death of, at Mungret, 511.
O'Mordha Peter, bishop of Clonfert, building of present church of
Clonfert (now in Protestant hands), attributed to, 244.
O'Muidhin, Giolla Aedha, abbot and bishop of Cork, 486, 487.
Ona, harper, 9.
Organization, Church, established by St. Patrick, 55, 56.
O'Rorke, Tiernan, plunders Clonard, 207.
O'Rorke, Art, plunders monastery of Clonfert, 243.
O'Rorke, Aedh, plunders monastery of Clonfert, 243.
O'Rorke, Fergal, builds a tower at Clonmacnoise, 268, 269.
Oswald, king of Northumbria, convenes a Synod at Whitby to establish a
uniform Easter usage, 527-529.
Ottilo, Duke of Bavaria, St. Virgilius at court of, 567.
O'Toole, Laurence (Lorcan), Saint, authentic life of, 432;
descent of, 433;
given as a hostage to Dermott M'Murrough, 433;
released, 434;
placed under the protection of bishop of Glendalough, 434;
a diligent scholar, 435;
made abbot of Glendalough, 436;
discharges the duties with complete success, 436;
consecrated archbishop of Dublin, 436;
his election inaugurates a new era, 437;
reforms the people and clergy of the city of Dublin, 437;
lives a life of rigorous austerity, 438;
spends Lent in the most secluded spots, 439;
stimulates Rory O'Connor and other native princes to unite against
the Normans, 441;
his loyalty to Rory O'Connor, 442, 443, 444;
attends a General Council in Rome, and secures many privileges for
the Irish Church, 443;
made Apostolic Legate, 443;
in monastery of Eu, 444;
death of, 445;
his remains enclosed in a crystal case, 445;
canonized, 446.
Paparo, Cardinal John, Papal Legate, constitutes four archbishops in
Ireland for the first time, 361.
Papeus, Saint, spends some time in Aran, 179.
Paschal Controversy, diversity of practice existing, regarding the
celebration of the Pasch, 233;
the Alexandrian usage--the correct one, 234;
the Irish usage, 234, 235;
the Irish clergy are admonished by the Pope for adhering to their old
usage, 235;
the Synod of Magh Lene convened to discuss the subject, 236;
the Epistle of St. Cummian the Tall, regarding the celebration of the
Pasch, 237-240.
Paschal Epistle of St. Cummian the Tall to the abbot of Hy, analysis of,
237-240.