MY DOG AND I.
Reproductions of any of the Half-Tones of dogs published in “My Dog and
I,” printed on finest woodcut paper (9½ × 12½) ESPECIALLY FOR FRAMING,
will be sent to any address on receipt of price, 25c. each.
H. W. HUNTINGTON,
5 West Thirty-Ninth Street,
New York City.
MY DOG AND I
BEING A CONCISE TREATISE OF THE VARIOUS BREEDS OF DOGS
THEIR ORIGINS AND USES. WRITTEN EXPRESSLY
FOR THE NOVICE
CONTAINING A COMPREHENSIVE MODE OF
TREATMENT BOTH IN HEALTH AND SICKNESS
TOGETHER WITH THE
NAMES OF SOME PROMINENT BREEDERS
BY
H. W. HUNTINGTON
PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL GREYHOUND CLUB OF AMERICA
ILLUSTRATED WITH HALF-TONES OF TYPICAL DOGS
ORIGINAL MARGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY
MR. NEVILLE CAIN, CLARENCEVILLE, L.I.
[Illustration]
NEW YORK
PUBLISHED BY THE CAXTON PRESS
1897
Copyright, 1897, by
H. W. HUNTINGTON.
THE NEW YORK TYPE-SETTING COMPANY.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PREFACE 7
BULLDOG
English 9
French 11
CHESAPEAKE BAY DOG 12
COLLIE
Rough-coated 14
Smooth-coated 16
DALMATIAN (Coach-dog) 17
GREAT DANE 19
HOUND
Basset 21
Beagle 23
Bloodhound 25
Dachshund 27
Deerhound 29
Foxhound (American) 31
Foxhound (English) 32
Greyhound (English) 34
Harrier 36
Greyhound (Italian) 37
Otterhound 39
Wolfhound (Irish) 41
Wolfhound (Russian) 43
MASTIFF 45
MEXICAN HAIRLESS 48
NEWFOUNDLAND 49
POINTER 51
POMERANIAN 53
POODLE
Black, curly-coated 55
Black, corded 57
White-and-red 57
PUG
Fawn 58
Black 59
RETRIEVER
Black, curly-coated 60
Black, flat- or wavy-coated 62
ST. BERNARD
Rough-coated 64
Smooth-coated 66
SCHIPPERKE 67
SETTER
English 69
Gordon 71
Irish 73
SHEEP-DOG (Old English or Bobtail) 75
SPANIEL
Blenheim 90
Clumber 77
Cocker 79
Field 81
Irish Water- 83
Japanese 85
King Charles 91
Prince Charles 89
Ruby 89
Sussex 87
TERRIER
Airedale 93
Bedlington 95
Black-and-tan 97
Boston 99
Bull 101
Clydesdale 103
Dandie Dinmont 105
Fox (Smooth-coated) 107
Fox (Wire-haired) 109
Irish 110
Maltese 112
Paisley 103
Scottish 113
Skye 115
Toy 116
Welsh 117
White English 119
Yorkshire 121
WHIPPET 123
TREATMENT OF THE DOG IN HEALTH 124
TREATMENT OF THE DOG IN SICKNESS 130
TECHNICAL TERMS 138
BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY 140
PREFACE.
Stonehenge, Shaw, and others have at various times written exhaustive
treatises on the dog, its care in health and sickness; and while there
is no question but that they are invaluable to the owners of large
kennels, I consider that they are too complex for the novice who owns but
one or two dogs. They use very largely technical terms not thoroughly
understood by the layman, while certain treatments prescribed are quite
impracticable except where one has a kennel-man. Besides, I think not
one of the above-named writers has ever told the _novice_ what to avoid
in selecting a puppy or a grown dog, or what good points to insist upon.
Recognizing all these facts, and recalling how I strove twenty years ago
to find some work that would aid me in my search for knowledge of the
dog, I have concluded to write a short treatise concerning its origin,
uses, and all things pertaining to it, that will aid the reader in
learning its good points, and bad ones too, the proper scale of “points”
that go to make up the perfect specimen, the treatment in health and
sickness, and such other data as may be of value to him. Experience as a
successful breeder and owner, and having won many prizes largely through
“condition,” confirms me in the belief that I may perhaps be able to help
a fancier in purchasing the proper kind of dog, or, if he already has
one, to aid him in keeping it in health, to know its value, and how to
properly show it (if he is so inclined), so that its faults may be hidden
to the greatest degree, while its good points may become more pronounced.
Perfection does not exist in either man or beast, so we will strive to
select that specimen which has the fewest and least noticeable faults,
remembering always that in the large breeds there are ten good little
ones where there is one good large one.
If this work shall have aided any lover of the dog in any direction
desired, it shall have done its work. If it shall have failed, the public
will surely be lenient in its criticism of
THE AUTHOR.
THE BULLDOG (ENGLISH).
[Illustration: Beaver Brook Kennels, Danvers, Mass.
BEAVER BROOK SULTAN (formerly Rustic Sultan).]
ORIGIN.—As bull-baiting existed as far back as 1209, the bulldog _must_
have then existed, but its origin is unknown.
USES.—Formerly for baiting bulls, but of late years, since this “sport”
has ceased to be indulged in, it is simply kept as a watchdog and for
exhibition.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
General appearance 10
Skull 15
Stop 5
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Face 5
Chops 5
Mouth 5
Neck and chest 5
Shoulders 5
Body 5
Back 5
Tail 5
Fore legs and feet 5
Hind legs and feet 5
Size 5
Coat 5
---
Total 100
NOTE.—An asterisk denotes that the “scale of points, etc.,”
given are those adopted by the Specialty Club of that
particular breed; the other “scale of points, etc.,” are from
“Dogs of the British Isles” and Mr. Rawdon B. Lee.
[Illustration]
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance of the bulldog is that of
a smooth-coated, thick-set, broad, powerful, and compact dog. Head
massive, large in proportion to its size; face extremely short; muzzle
broad, blunt, and inclined upward. Body short and well knit; limbs
stout and muscular; hind quarters very high and strong, but lightly
made in comparison with its heavy fore parts. The dog should convey the
impression of determination, strength, and activity.
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Very large, the larger the better; forehead flat, and skin about
the head very loose, hanging in large wrinkles; frontal bones _very_
prominent, broad, square, and high, causing a deep, wide groove between
the eyes, called the stop, which should be broad and deep and extend up
the middle of the forehead. Eyes set low in skull, as far from the ears
as possible, round, very dark, almost black, and showing no white when
looking forward. Ears set high, small and thin, “rose-ear” preferred.
Face short as possible, with skin deeply wrinkled; muzzle short, broad,
turned upward, and very deep from corner of eye to corner of mouth. Nose
very large, broad, and black, deeply set back, almost between the eyes;
nostrils large, wide, and black, with well-defined straight line between
them. Flews thick, broad, pendent, and very deep, hanging over lower jaw
at sides (not in front). Teeth should show when mouth is closed; jaw
broad, massive, square, and tusks wide apart; lower jaw projects in front
of upper, and turns up, with six small front teeth between tusks in an
even row. Teeth strong and large.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Very deep, thick, and strong, well arched, with much loose skin at
throat.
SHOULDERS.—Deep, broad, slanting, and muscular; chest wide and deep.
BACK.—Short and strong, very broad at shoulders, comparatively narrow at
loins, and forming the “roach” or “wheel” back.
BODY.—Well ribbed, round, deep, with belly well tucked up.
TAIL.—Set on low, jutting out, and then turned downward, free from fringe
or coarse hair, rather short than long, thick at root, but tapering to a
fine point carried downward, and the dog should not be able to raise it
above the back.
FORE LEGS.—Wide apart, very stout, strong, and straight; pasterns short,
straight, and strong; fore feet straight; toes compact and thick;
knuckles prominent and high.
HIND LEGS.—Large, muscular, longer in proportion than fore legs; hocks
slightly bent; lower part of legs short.
COAT.—Fine, short, close, and smooth.
[Illustration]
STIFLES.—Round, turned outward. On account of formation the dog walks
with quick, short step, apparently skimming the ground.
COLORS (in order of merit).—If bright and pure of its sort, 1st,
brindles, reds, white, with their varieties, as whole fawns, fallows,
etc.; 2d, pied and mixed colors.
WEIGHT.—Fifty pounds.
THE BULLDOG (FRENCH).
[Illustration: G. N. Phelps’s, 20 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.
MONSIEUR BOULOT.]
ORIGIN.—Nothing definite can be learned of this breed of dogs. Many
exhibitors claim that it is little else than a diminutive English
bulldog, bred originally in Brussels and later (about 1860) in France,
with the exception that it has prick-ears and generally carries them
erect, as that term indicates. Its weight should not be over 24 pounds,
the lighter the better. In France the breed is fast becoming very popular
among the _haut ton_, and promises to be well received here. As yet
there is neither a scale of points for judging nor a club to foster the
breed, so the reader will be obliged to consult the picture of Mr. G. N.
Phelps’s winning dog, Monsieur Boulot, in order to form a correct idea
as to its outline, etc. Its exceeding intelligence is greatly in favor
of its becoming a popular breed of pet dogs. The extreme difficulty
attending its breeding and rearing precludes the possibility of it ever
becoming common. At present even ordinary specimens are held at long
prices.
[Illustration]
THE CHESAPEAKE BAY DOG.
[Illustration: Robt. Millbank’s, 154 West Forty-eighth Street, New York.
PRIDE.]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN.—Not known positively, but probably a cross between the two
Labrador dogs that swam ashore from a sinking ship in Chesapeake Bay and
the English water-spaniel.
[Illustration]
USES.—Retrieving wild fowl from the water. There are three classes of
these dogs: the otter, tawny, sedge-colored, with very short hair; the
curly-haired and the straight-haired, each red brown; a white spot is not
unusual.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 15
Neck 5
Shoulders 10
Chest 15
Size 5
Loins 10
Coat 15
Tail 5
Feet 10
Legs 10
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 80 pounds; bitches, 65 pounds.
HEIGHT.—About 25 inches in dogs; 23 inches in bitches.
[Illustration]
Measurements are as follows: from fore toe to top of back, 25 inches; tip
of nose to base of head, 10 inches; girth of body, 33 inches; breast,
9 inches; around fore foot, 6 inches; around forearm below shoulder, 7
inches; between eyes, 2¼ inches; length of ears, 5 inches; from occiput
to root of tail, 35 inches; tail, 16 inches long; around muzzle below
eyes, 10 inches.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
The Standard says nothing as to the dog’s conformation. The illustration,
therefore, must be the guide.
THE COLLIE (ROUGH-COATED).
[Illustration: J. Pierpont Morgan’s, New York.
RUFFORD ORMONDE.]
ORIGIN.—It is among the oldest of known breeds of dogs, and probably came
from India. Buffon, the great writer, considers it the _parent of all
dogs_.
[Illustration]
USES.—Attending flocks of sheep and herds of cattle.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head and expression 15
Ears 10
Neck and shoulders 10
Legs and feet 15
Hind quarters 10
Back and loins 10
Tail 5
Coat with frill 20
Size 5
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A lithe, active dog, presenting an elegant, pleasing
outline, and exhibiting strength, speed, and intelligence.
HEAD.—Moderately long, covered with short, soft hair; skull flat,
moderately wide between the ears and tapering to the eyes; very little
stop; skin on head very tightly drawn; muzzle of fair length, tapering
to the nose, which should always be black; mouth a bit overshot. Eyes of
fair size, not prominent, placed rather wide apart, almond-shaped, and
set obliquely; they may be any shade of brown, the darker the better.
Ears small, covered with short, soft hair, and carried semi-erect when at
attention, at other times thrown back.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Long, arched, and muscular; chest deep and narrow in front, but
wide behind the shoulders.
BACK.—Short and level; shoulders oblique; loins rather long, slightly
arched, and powerful.
[Illustration]
LEGS.—Fore legs straight and muscular, with a fair amount of flat bone;
hind legs sinewy; hind quarters drooping slightly, very long from hips
to hocks; stifles well bent; hip bones rather wide and ragged, and hocks
well bent; pasterns long, springy, and lighter in bone than rest of leg;
feet with soles well padded, and the toes arched and compact.
TAIL.—Moderately long, carried low when quiet, gaily when excited, and
almost straight when running.
COAT.—An important point. It should be abundant except on head and legs;
the outer coat straight, hard, and rather stiff, the inner coat soft and
furry and very dense, so as to make it difficult to find the skin; the
frill very abundant; hair on tail very profuse, and on hips long and
bushy; fore legs slightly feathered; hind legs below hocks smooth.
COLOR.—Immaterial.
[Illustration]
HEIGHT.—Dogs, 21 to 24 inches; bitches, 2 inches less.
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 45 to 60 pounds; bitches, 40 to 50 pounds.
DEFECTS.—Domed skull; high-peaked, occipital bone; heavy, pendulous ears;
full, soft eyes; heavy, feathered legs; short tail.
[Illustration]
THE COLLIE (SMOOTH-COATED).
[Illustration: J. Carver’s, Newburg, N. Y.
BEN.]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN, USES, SCALE OF POINTS, etc., same as the rough collie, except in
matter of coat, which should be hard, dense, and quite smooth.
THE DALMATIAN (COACH-DOG).
[Illustration: J. Dickman Brown’s.
PERRY.]
ORIGIN.—Probably indigenous to Dalmatia, a province of Austria, but
records of the sixteenth century describe such a dog as belonging to
Spain. The latest authentic trace is to Denmark, where it was used for
drawing carts. Resembles the pointer in form.
USES.—Simply to follow the coach or equestrian.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head and eyes 10
Ears 5
Neck and shoulders 10
Body, back, chest, and loins 10
Legs and feet 15
Coat 5
Color and markings 30
Tail 5
Symmetry 10
---
Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Strong, muscular, active; free from coarseness;
capable of speed and great endurance.
HEAD.—Fair length; skull flat, broad between ears; moderate stop, and
_not_ in straight line from occiput to nose; no wrinkles; muzzle long
and powerful; lips clean cut, fitting jaws closely. Eyes moderately
wide apart, medium size, round, bright. In black-spotted dogs eyes are
dark; in livers, light or light brown (yellow). Rims around eyes black
in black-spotted varieties, and brown in the liver-spotted ones, _never_
flesh-colored. Ears set on high, rather wide at base, tapering, carried
close, thin, fine, _always_ spotted. Nose black in blacks, brown in
livers.
[Illustration]
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck fairly long, arched, light, tapering, _not_
throaty; shoulders sloping and muscular.
BODY, BACK, CHEST, AND LOINS.—Chest very deep, not too wide; ribs well
sprung, _never_ rounded; powerful back; loins strong and arched.
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs perfectly straight, strong in bone; elbows
close to body; cat-footed, tough pads; hocks well let down. Nails in
black-spotted ones are black and white; in liver-spotted, brown and white.
[Illustration]
TAIL.—Not too long, tapering well to end, carried with slight curl
upward, _never_ curled; the more profusely spotted, the better.
COAT.—Short, dense, hard, fine, sleek, and glossy, never woolly nor silky.
COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Ground color is _pure_ unmixed white. The spots of
the black-spotted variety are black, in liver-spotted variety are brown;
should not intermingle, but be distinct, and about size of ten-cent
silver piece on body; on head, face, ears, legs, and tail, much smaller.
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 55 pounds; bitches, 50 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE GREAT DANE.
[Illustration: G. A. Burt’s, Parkersburg, W. Va.
MAJOR MCKINLEY II.]
ORIGIN.—Probably indigenous to Germany, where it was formerly known under
the various names of Ulmer, German mastiff, and boarhound.
[Illustration]
USES.—Companion and guard for foresters and gamekeepers, also for
attacking the wild boar and other beasts.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
General appearance 3
Condition 3
Activity 5
Head 15
Neck 5
Chest 8
Back 8
Belly 4
Tail 4
Fore quarters 10
Hind quarters 10
Feet 8
Coat 4
Size (height) 13
---
Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Large and muscular, strongly but elegantly built;
movements easy and graceful; not so heavy as the mastiff, nor too much of
the greyhound type.
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Long, very little indentation between eyes; skull not too broad;
muzzle broad, strong, and blunt; cheek muscles well developed; nose
large, bridge arched; lips blunt, not hanging too much over the sides;
lower jaw slightly projecting. Eyes small, round, deeply set, sharp
expression. Ears small, greyhound-like, usually cropped.
NECK.—Rather long, strong and muscular, well arched, no dewlap.
CHEST.—Not too broad, very deep in brisket.
BACK.—Not too long; loins arched.
STERN.—Reaching to hocks, strong at root, ending fine with a slight
curve; should _never_ curve over the back.
BELLY.—Well drawn up.
FORE QUARTERS.—Shoulders sloping; elbows well under, straight; legs
heavy-boned, strong, and quite straight.
HIND QUARTERS.—Thighs muscular; hocks well let down, as in the greyhound.
FEET.—Large and round; toes well arched and close; nails very strong and
curved.
HAIR.—Very short, hard, and close.
[Illustration]
HEIGHT (minimum).—Dogs, 30 inches; bitches, 28 inches.
WEIGHT (minimum).—Dogs, 120 pounds; bitches, 100 pounds. Nothing under
these should compete.
COLOR.—Various shades of gray, red, black, pure white, or white with
patches of above colors; also brindles and mottled colors.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (BASSET).
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)]
ORIGIN.—Probably of French origin, yet closely allied to the dachshund,
though larger and heavier in every particular.
[Illustration]
USES.—Having a very keen nose, is used for the general purposes of the
smaller hounds, viz., for rabbits.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head, skull, eyes, muzzle, and flews 15
Ears 15
Neck, dewlap, chest, and shoulders 10
Fore legs and feet 15
Back, loins, and hind quarters 10
Stern 5
Coat and skin 10
Color and markings 15
Character and symmetry 5
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Closely resembling the bloodhound’s; long, narrow, heavy flews;
occiput prominent; forehead wrinkled to the eyes, which should be kind
and show the haw. Teeth small, and the protruding of the upper jaw is
_not_ a fault. Ears so long that in hunting the dog treads on them, set
low, hang loose in folds, ends curl inward, thin and velvety.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Powerful, with heavy dewlaps; elbows _must not_ turn out; chest
deep and full; body long and low.
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short (about 4 inches), close-fitting to chest;
massive paw, each toe standing out distinctly.
STIFLES.—Well bent; quarters muscular, giving the dog a barrel-like shape
and a peculiar waddling gait.
STERN.—Coarse underneath, and carried hound fashion, i.e., carried gaily.
COAT.—Short, smooth, fine, and glossy; skin loose and elastic.
COLOR.—Black, white and tan, with black patches on back; also _sometimes_
hare-pied.
WEIGHT.—Thirty to forty-five pounds.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (BEAGLE).
[Illustration: H. L. Kreuder’s, Nanuet, N. Y.
FRANK FOREST.]
ORIGIN.—This breed seems to be little else than a diminutive foxhound;
has long been in existence; probably one of the oldest of British dogs.
[Illustration]
USES.—Hunting rabbits, and generally run in packs of five to ten couples;
they are merry little fellows, sturdy and gamy, with a most musical
tongue and a very keen nose.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Skull 5
Ears 15
Eyes 10
Muzzle, jaw, and lips 5
Neck 5
Shoulders and chest 10
Back and loins 15
Ribs 5
Fore legs and feet 10
Hips, thighs, and hind legs 10
Tail 5
Coat 5
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Skull moderately domed. Ears set on low, long and fine in leather,
rather broad and rounded at tips, absence of all erectile power. Eyes
full, prominent, rather wide apart, soft and lustrous. Muzzle medium
length, squarely cut; stop well defined; jaws level; lips either free
from or with moderate flews; nostrils large.
NECK AND THROAT.—Neck free in action, strong, yet not loaded; throat
clean, free from folds of skin.
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders somewhat sloping, muscular, but not
loaded; chest moderately broad and full.
BACK, LOINS, AND RIBS.—Back short and strong; loins broad and slightly
arched; ribs well sprung.
[Illustration]
FORE LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs straight, plenty of bone; feet close, firm,
either round or hare-like.
HIPS, THIGHS, AND HIND LEGS.—Hips muscular; stifles strong and well let
down; hocks firm.
TAIL.—Carried gaily, well up, medium curve, and clothed with a decided
brush.
HEIGHT.—Fifteen inches.
COLOR.—All hound colors admissible. (See Foxhound.)
DEFECTS.—Flat skull; short ears, set on too high, pointed at tips; eyes
yellow or light color; muzzle snipy; thick, short neck; elbows out; knees
knuckled over; long tail with “tea-pot” curve.
DISQUALIFICATIONS.—Eyes close together and terrier-like; thin rat-tail,
with absence of brush; short, nappy coat.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (BLOODHOUND).
[Illustration: J. L. Winchell’s, Fair Haven, Vt.
CHAMPION VICTOR.]
ORIGIN.—In Barbour’s “Bruce” (1489) we find the earliest mention of the
bloodhound, where it is called the “sleuthhund.” However, little can be
learned definitely of its origin.
USES.—Having scenting powers to a marvelous degree, it is used in
trailing wounded deer, slaves, sheep-stealers, escaped convicts, etc.
[Illustration]
DISPOSITION.—Contrary to general impressions, the modern bloodhound is of
a most equable disposition, kind and gentle, and quite apt to be timid,
excepting when on the trail; then it is extremely dangerous.
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 15
Ears and eyes 10
Flews 5
Neck 5
Shoulders and chest 10
Back and ribs 10
Legs and feet 20
Color and coat 10
Stern 5
Symmetry 10
---
Total 100
HEAD.—This is the most distinguishable feature of the dog; it is domed,
blunt at occiput; jaws very long and wide at nostrils, hollow and very
lean at cheek; brows very prominent, and the general expression is grand
and majestic; skin covering cheeks and forehead wrinkled to a wonderful
degree.
[Illustration]
EYES AND EARS.—Eyes hazel, rather small, deeply sunk, showing haw, which
is deep red. This redness, some claim, is indicative of cross with
mastiff, Gordon setter, or St. Bernard. Ears long, and will overlap when
drawn over front of nose, hang close to cheek, _never_ inclined to be
pricked; leather thin, covered with soft hair.
FLEWS.—Very long and pendent, falling below mouth.
NECK.—Long, so as to enable the dog to easily drop his nose to the
ground; considerable dewlap.
CHEST AND SHOULDERS.—Chest wider than deep; shoulders sloping and
muscular.
BACK AND BACK RIBS.—Wide and deep, the hips being wide or almost ragged.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs _must_ be straight and muscular; feet as cat-like as
possible.
COAT.—Short and hard on body, silky on ears and top of head.
COLOR.—Black and tan or tan only; the black extends to the back, sides,
top of neck, and top of head; the tan should be of deep, rich red; there
should be little or no white.
STERN.—Carried gaily in gentle curve, but not raised above back; lower
side is fringed with hair.
DEFECT.—Absence of black.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (DACHSHUND).
[Illustration: J. H. Snow’s, Philadelphia, Pa.
FRITZ.]
ORIGIN.—The origin of this dog is lost in antiquity. A dog resembling it
very closely is to be found on the monument of Thothmes III., 2000 B.C.
The modern dog is essentially German.
[Illustration]
USES.—Hunting rabbits and hares, tracking wounded animals and badgers.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head and skull 12
Jaw 5
Legs and feet 20
Loins 8
Body 8½
Symmetry and quality 11
Ears 6½
Chest 7
Skin and coat 13
Stern 5
Color 4
---
Total 100
HEAD AND SKULL.—Long, level, narrow; peak well developed; no stop. Eyes
intelligent and rather small; follow body in color. Ears long, broad,
soft, set on low and well back, carried close to head. Jaws strong,
level, square to the muzzle; canines recurvant.
CHEST.—Deep, narrow; breast-bone prominent.
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs very short, strong in bone, well crooked, not
standing over; elbows well muscled, neither in nor out; feet large,
round, strong, with thick pads and strong nails. Hind legs smaller in
bone and higher; feet smaller. The dog must stand equally on all parts of
the foot.
SKIN AND COAT.—Skin thick, loose, supple, and in great quantity; coat
dense, short, and strong.
[Illustration]
LOINS.—Well arched, long, and muscular.
STERN.—Long and strong, flat at root, tapering to tip; hair on under side
coarse; carried low except when excited.
BODY.—Length from back of head to root of tail two and a half times
height at shoulder; fore ribs well sprung; back ribs very short.
COLOR.—Any color; nose to follow body color; _much_ white objectionable.
SYMMETRY AND QUALITY.—The dachshund should be long, low, and graceful,
not cloddy.
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 21 pounds; bitches, 18 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (DEERHOUND).
[Illustration: Albion L. Page’s, 69 Wall Street, New York.
LOCHIEL.]
ORIGIN.—Undoubtedly descended from the Irish wolfhound, though some claim
it to be either a cross of foxhound and greyhound, or greyhound and
bloodhound. It is first mentioned in 1528 as a distinct breed.
USES.—Hunting deer.
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head and skull 15
Eyes and ears 10
Neck and chest 10
Body 10
Thighs and hocks 12
Legs and feet 10
Coat 8
Stern 5
Color 5
Symmetry 15
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Skull resembles that of a coarse, large greyhound, long and wide
between ears; stop very slight. Jaws long; teeth level and strong;
nostrils open, but not very wide; cheeks muscular; bone under eye neither
prominent nor hollow. Ears small, thin, carried a trifle higher than
those of the greyhound, but should turn over at tips; pricked ears very
objectionable; they should be thinly fringed with hair at edges only.
Eyes full, and dark hazel, sometimes blue.
NECK.—Long enough to allow the dog to stoop to the scent at a fast pace.
[Illustration]
CHEST AND SHOULDERS.—Chest deep rather than wide, resembling that of
greyhound; girth of a full-size dog deerhound should be at least 2 inches
greater than its height; shoulders long, oblique, and muscular.
BACK AND BACK RIBS.—Back should be powerful; a good loin should measure
25 or 26 inches; back ribs are often rather shallow, but they should be
well sprung; loins arched, drooping to root of tail.
ELBOWS AND STIFLES.—Elbows well let down to give length to true arm, and
quite straight; stifles wide apart, well bent.
SYMMETRY is essential to its position as a companionable dog.
QUALITY is also to be regarded as of great importance.
LEGS AND QUARTERS.—Great bone and muscle are essential; the bones must
be well put together at knees and hocks, which should be long and well
developed; quarters deep, but seldom wide, with considerable slope to
tail.
FEET.—Well arched and cat-like.
[Illustration]
COLOR AND COAT.—The colors are dark blue, fawn, grizzle, and brindle,
the latter with more or less tint of blue; the fawn should have tips of
ears dark; the grizzle generally has a decided tint of blue; white on
breast or toes should not disqualify a dog. Coat is coarser on back than
elsewhere, and many claim it should be intermediate between silk and
wool, and not the coarse hair often met with. The whole body is clothed
with a rough coat, sometimes amounting to shagginess; that of muzzle is
longer in proportion than elsewhere, but the mustache should not be wiry,
and should stand out in irregular tufts; there should be no approach to
feather on legs, but their inside should be hairy.
TAIL.—Long and gently curved, without any twist, thinly clothed with hair
only.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (AMERICAN FOXHOUND).
[Illustration: F. J. Hagan’s, Louisville, Ky.
BIG STRIVE.]
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN.—A breed of dogs descended from the English species, but bred
on lighter and finer lines. For uses and scale of points, see English
Foxhound.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (ENGLISH FOXHOUND).
[Illustration: McGregor & Bragdon’s, Portsmouth, N. H.
SONGSTER.]
ORIGIN.—A breed probably indigenous to Great Britain, and quite ancient
too. Its absolute origin is unknown.
[Illustration]
USES.—Hunting foxes and deer (giving tongue when in full chase); also in
America for hounding deer, moose, and other large game.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 15
Neck 5
Shoulders 10
Chest and back ribs 10
Back and loins 10
Hind quarters 10
Elbows 5
Legs and feet 20
Color and coat 5
Stern 5
Symmetry 5
---
Total 100
HEAD.—Full size, but not heavy; brow pronounced, but not high; of good
length, so girth will be 16 inches. Nose long and wide. Ears low set on
and lying close to cheeks.
NECK.—Long and clean, without throatiness.
[Illustration]
SHOULDERS.—Long, well muscled, sloping, and the true arm long and
muscular.
CHEST AND BACK RIBS.—Girth of chest over 30 inches in 24-inch-tall hound;
back ribs very deep.
BACK AND LOINS.—Very muscular; couplings wide even to raggedness, with
slight arch of loins.
[Illustration]
HIND QUARTERS.—Very strong, as great endurance is required; elbows set
straight, neither in nor out.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs as straight as gun-barrels and as strong; large size
of bone at ankle all-important; feet round, cat-like, and strong.
[Illustration]
COLOR AND COAT.—Color black tan and white, black and white, and various
pies of white and the color of the hare and badger; coat dense, short,
hard, and glossy.
STERN.—Generally arched, carried gaily over back, fringed with hair, and
tapering to a point.
SYMMETRY considerable, and quality should be evident.
THE HOUND (ENGLISH GREYHOUND).
[Illustration: Woodhaven Kennels, Woodhaven, L. I.
CHAMPION SPINAWAY.]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN.—Beyond question the oldest breed of dogs known, as on the
pyramids of Egypt, obelisks, and ancient carved columns it is found in
bold relief, with the same outlines as shown in the above illustration.
In its native state it is quite devoid of courage, so the bitches are
bred to bulldogs, and that product, showing most greyhound form and
bulldog character, is then bred to a greyhound dog, continuing this
same last breeding until in the fifth generation we produce the dog of
the present day, which has indomitable courage, wonderful speed and
endurance, and is possessed of a desire to kill. The name “greyhound” is
a corruption of “gazehound,” signifying that the dog hunts its quarry by
sight and not by scent. In England and Italy none but the nobility were
formerly allowed to own a greyhound, and the killing of one was then
considered a felony.
[Illustration]
USES.—Coursing hares and rabbits, and in addition, in our Western
States, for killing foxes, coyotes, and wolves, though it is rarely able
single-handed to kill the latter, on account of their size and ferocity.
[Illustration]
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head and eyes 10
Neck 10
Chest and fore quarters 20
Loins and back ribs 15
Hind quarters 20
Feet 15
Coat 5
Tail 5
---
Total 100
HEAD.—Long and narrow, fairly large between the ears, well filled out
before the eyes, little or no stop, jaws lean, and eyes bright and
tolerably full. Ears small and folding down when at rest, but raised when
animated. Teeth _must_ be strong, and mouth _level_.
NECK.—A trifle arched, and sufficiently long to enable the dog to easily
pick up a hare when in full stride.
SHOULDERS.—Placed as obliquely as possible.
CHEST.—Fairly deep, and sufficiently wide to give free action to the
heart and lungs.
FORE LEGS.—_Straight_, of good bone, and length from elbow to knee twice
that from knee to ground.
FEET.—The cat-foot is considered best.
LOINS.—Strong, but not too broad; back powerful and somewhat arched.
HIND QUARTERS.—Very muscular; stifles strong and well bent; hocks well
let down.
[Illustration]
[Illustration]
TAIL.—Rat-like, fine, long, and somewhat curved, and with little hair on
it.
COLOR.—Greyhounds are of any color, parti or solid.
DISPOSITION.—Kind and amiable, rarely otherwise.
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 60 pounds; bitches, 50 pounds.
OBJECTIONABLE FEATURES.—Yellow or white eyes; prick-ears; dish-face;
long, separated toes; lightness of bone; weak back; straight stifles;
undershot or overshot.
THE HOUND (HARRIER).
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN.—Is little else than a small-sized English foxhound. By some
considered to be cross of “Southern hound” and beagle.
USES.—Hunting the hare, sometimes foxes and deer.
[Illustration]
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 10
Neck 5
Shoulders 10
Chest and back ribs 10
Back and loins 10
Hind quarters 15
Elbows 5
Legs and feet 20
Color and coat 5
Stern 5
Symmetry 5
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
The points are same as those of the English foxhound, except that the
head is wider and heavier, nose longer and broader, ears set farther
backward, not rounded.
HEIGHT.—Sixteen to twenty inches.
THE HOUND (ITALIAN GREYHOUND).
[Illustration: Frank H. Hoyt, Sharon, Pa.
TRIXIE.]
ORIGIN.—Little is known of the origin of this breed beyond the fact that
Italy and the south of France are supposed to be where it originated.
[Illustration]
USES.—A purely pet dog, exceedingly delicate and fragile.
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 15
Neck, ears, and eyes 15
Legs, feet, and fore quarters 10
Hind quarters 10
Tail and coat 10
Color 10
Symmetry 20
Size 10
---
Total 100
HEAD.—If possible should be like the English greyhound’s, but such
formation is now rarely met with. In all recent exhibits the skull is
more or less round, and face, though still pointed, is too short, with
tendency to turn up.
NECK.—Long and elegant, resembling closely its larger congener.
EARS AND EYES.—Ears an exact counterpart of the English greyhound’s,
though always somewhat enlarged in comparison with body. Eyes much larger
proportionately, soft and languishing, but should never weep; color of
iris is usually a dark brown.
LEGS, FEET, AND FORE QUARTERS.—Same as the greyhound’s.
[Illustration]
HIND QUARTERS.—As with the last two paragraphs, the only difference lies
in comparative value, the English dog’s points being estimated from
the workmanlike view, while the Italian is regarded from an artistic
standpoint.
TAIL.—Somewhat shorter than the English dog’s, but it _must_ be gently
curved in same tobacco-pipe way, fine in bone, except at root, as well as
free from hair.
COAT.—Short, soft, and silky.
COLOR.—Largely to be taken into consideration, and is consequently
estimated at a high figure. Fawns are now far in the ascendant, and to no
other color should the _full_ value be accorded. A small star on breast
or white toe takes off a point or two, according to extent of white, but
in _all_ cases toe-nails should be dark.
SYMMETRY.—Must be carefully estimated, as a want of elegance in detail or
of combination in due proportion alike lowers the value of these points
separately to a very low ebb. It is a high-stepping little aristocrat.
SIZE.—Bitch for modern successful exhibition should be little over 5
pounds, _nor should the dog exceed 7 or 7½ pounds_.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (OTTERHOUND).
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)]
ORIGIN.—Nothing positive is known about it, but probably a cross of
Welsh harrier, “Southern hound,” and a terrier, though some say it is of
bloodhound extraction. The breed is very old.
USES.—For hunting the otter and other water-animals.
[Illustration]
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Skull 10
Jaws 10
Eyes 5
Ears 10
Chest and shoulders 15
Body and loins 15
Legs and feet 10
Coat 10
Stern 5
Symmetry and strength 10
---
Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Always excepting coat, it much resembles the
bloodhound; it should be perfect in symmetry, strongly built, hard and
enduring, with unfailing powers of scent and a natural antipathy to the
game it is bred to pursue.
HEAD.—Large, broader in proportion than the bloodhound’s; forehead high;
muzzle a fair length, and nostrils wide. Ears long, thin, and pendulous,
fringed with hair.
NECK.—Not naturally long, and looks shorter than it really is from the
abundance of hair on it.
[Illustration]
SHOULDERS.—Slope well.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs straight, and feet a good size; compact.
BACK.—Strong and wide; ribs, and particularly the back ribs, well let
down.
THIGHS.—Big and firm, and hocks well let down.
STERN.—Well and thickly covered with hair, and carried well up, but not
curled.
COLORS are generally grizzle or sandy, with black and tan more or less
clearly defined.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (IRISH WOLFHOUND).
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)]
ORIGIN.—Lost in antiquity; considered by some to be the parent of the
deerhound. Good specimens are rarely to be met with these days.
[Illustration]
USES.—Hunting wolves, and frequently deer.
Description from Mr. Rawdon B. Lee’s “Modern Dogs” (Sporting).
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Not so heavy or massive as the Great Dane, but
more so than the deerhound, which in general type it should otherwise
resemble. Of great size and commanding appearance; very muscular;
strongly, though gracefully, built; movements easy and active; head and
neck carried high; tail carried with upward sweep, with a slight curve
toward the extremity.
HEAD.—Long; frontal bones of forehead very slightly raised, and very
little indentation between eyes; skull not too broad; muzzle long and
moderately pointed. Ears small and greyhound-like in carriage.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Rather long, very strong and muscular, well arched, without dewlap
or loose skin about throat.
CHEST.—Very deep; breast wide.
BACK.—Rather long than short; loins arched.
TAIL.—Long, slightly curved, moderate thickness, well covered with hair.
BELLY.—Well drawn up.
FORE QUARTERS.—Shoulders muscular, giving breadth of chest, set sloping;
elbows well under, neither turned inward nor outward; forearm muscular;
the whole leg strong and quite straight.
HIND QUARTERS.—Muscular thighs, and second thigh long and strong, as in
greyhound; hocks well let down, turned neither in nor out.
FEET.—Moderately large and round, neither turned inward nor outward; toes
well arched and closed; nails very strong, and curved.
HAIR.—Rough and hard on body, legs, and head; especially wiry and long
over eyes and under jaw.
[Illustration]
COLOR AND MARKINGS.—The colors are gray, brindle, red, black, pure white,
fawn, or any color that appears in the deerhound.
HEIGHT AND WEIGHT.—Minimum height and weight of dogs is 31 inches and 120
pounds; of bitches, 28 inches and 90 pounds. Anything below this should
be debarred from competition. Great size is the desideratum to be aimed
at.
DEFECTS.—Too light or heavy a head; too highly arched frontal bone; large
ears, and hanging flat to face; short neck; full dewlap; too narrow or
too broad a chest; sunken, or hollow, or quite straight back; bent fore
legs, overbent fetlocks, twisted feet, spreading toes; too curly a tail;
weak hind quarters and a general want of muscle; too short in body.
[Illustration]
THE HOUND (RUSSIAN WOLFHOUND).
[Illustration: George M. Keasbey’s, Newark, N. J.
OPTIMIST.]
[Illustration]
ORIGIN.—The Russians do not seem to have an exact or even a clear idea as
to the origin of this breed. It in all probability came from Persia, as
it is more like the dog of that nation than it is like the deerhound. It
is of the greyhound family, however.
USES.—Attacking wolves and foxes, though it can rarely single-handed kill
the former.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head and muzzle 15
Eyes and ears 10
Neck and chest 10
Back and loins 15
Ribs 5
Thighs and hocks 10
Legs and feet 10
Stern 5
Coat 5
General symmetry 15
---
Total 100
HEAD.—Generally very long, and lean throughout; flat, narrow skull; stop
hardly perceptible; long snout. Nose black, and frequently Roman. Eyes
dark, expressive, oblong. Ears small; thin leather; set on high; tips
almost touching when thrown back.
NECK.—Not too short, nor rising straight.
SHOULDERS.—Clean and sloping.
CHEST.—Somewhat narrow, but not hollow.
[Illustration]
BACK.—Rather bony, and free from any hollow; well arched in male, but
level and broad in female; loins broad and drooping; ribs deep, not so
well sprung as in the greyhound, reaching to elbow.
FORE LEGS.—Lean and straight.
HIND LEGS.—Somewhat under body when standing still; not straight; stifles
only slightly bent; legs not too far apart; pasterns short.
FEET.—Long toes, closely joined; nails short and strong; feet covered
with fur like a hare.
COAT.—Long, soft, silky.
TAIL.—Long and sickle-shaped.
COLOR.—Any color.
HEIGHT AND WEIGHT.—Height for a dog, from 28 to 31 inches at shoulder;
bitch, about 2 inches less. The male should be shorter in body than the
female. Weight: dog, 75 to 100 pounds; bitch, 60 to 75 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE MASTIFF.
[Illustration: CHAMPION BEAUFORT’S BLACK PRINCE.]
ORIGIN.—Its origin is purely conjectural. It certainly is a dog of the
British Isles, as at the time of Cæsar it was in existence there.
USES.—A grand, awe-inspiring dog; an excellent guardian, courageous and
most companionable.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Shape of skull 10
Girth of skull 10
Ears—carriage and size 5
Muzzle—bluntness, breadth, depth, lips, color
(each 3 points) 15
Neck 4
Breadth of breast 4
Loins and back 4
Girth of chest 4
Shoulders 4
Length 4
Thighs 3
Stern 3
Legs 3
Feet 2
Size, height, and general appearance of bulk 15
Coat 5
Fawns, dark ears and muzzle, or brindle
with dark ears and muzzle 5
---
Total 100
GENERAL CHARACTER.—Large, massive, powerful, symmetrical, and well knit;
a combination of grandeur and good nature, courage and docility.
HEAD.—Square when viewed from any point; breadth greatly to be desired,
and should be in ratio to length of the whole head and face as 2 to 3.
BODY.—Massive, broad, deep, long, powerfully built; legs wide apart,
squarely set; muscles sharply defined; size a great desideratum if
combined with quality; height of less importance than substance.
SKULL.—Broad between ears; forehead flat, wrinkled; muscles of temples
and cheeks well developed; arch across skull a rounded, flattened curve,
and a depression up center of forehead.
[Illustration]
FACE OR MUZZLE.—Short, broad under eyes, keeping nearly parallel in width
to end of nose; blunt, cut off square, thus forming a right angle with
upper line of face, of great depth from point of nose to under jaw; under
jaw broad to end. Teeth powerful, wide apart; incisors level, or the
lower projecting beyond the upper, but never sufficiently so as to become
visible when mouth is closed. Length of muzzle to whole head and face as
1 to 3; circumference of muzzle (between eyes and nose) to that of head
(before the ears) as 3 to 5. Ears small, thin, wide apart, set on high,
flat, and close to cheeks when in repose. Eyes small, wide apart, divided
by at least the space of two eyes; stop well marked, but not too abrupt;
color hazel brown, the darker the better, showing no haw. Nose broad,
with widely spreading nostrils; flat (not pointed nor turned up). Lips
slightly pendulous.
NECK.—Slightly arched, moderately long, very muscular.
CHEST.—Wide, deep, well let down; ribs arched and well rounded; false
ribs deep and well set back to hips.
SHOULDER AND ARM.—Slightly sloping, heavy and muscular.
FORE LEGS AND FEET.—Straight, strong, set wide apart; bones very large;
elbows square; pasterns upright. Feet large and round; toes well arched
up; nails black.
BACK, LOINS, AND FLANKS.—Wide and muscular; flat and very wide in a
bitch, slightly arched in a dog.
HIND QUARTERS AND THIGHS.—Broad, wide, muscular; well-developed second
thighs; stifles straight; hocks bent, wide apart, and squarely set when
standing or walking; feet round and _without_ dew-claws.
TAIL.—Put on high up, reaching to hocks, or a little below; wide at
root, tapering; hanging straight in repose, but forming a curve with end
pointing upward, but not over the back, when the dog is excited.
COAT.—Short and close-lying, not too fine over shoulders, neck, and back.
COLOR.—Apricot or silver fawn, or dark fawn-brindle; muzzle, ears, and
nose should be black, with black round the orbits and extending upward
between them. Fawns and brindles without dark points, reds without black
muzzle, and pies, award no points for color.
WEIGHT.—Dogs 27 inches should weigh 120 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE MEXICAN HAIRLESS.
[Illustration: Mrs. H. T. Foote’s, New Rochelle, N. Y.
ME TOO.]
ORIGIN.—One of the oldest of known breeds, being found nearly all over
the world, but best known as coming from Mexico, where its origin is
unknown.
[Illustration]
USES.—A pet dog.
DESCRIPTION.—A smart-looking sort of terrier of some kind, with perhaps a
bit of greyhound blood in it. There is no scale of points, nor is there
any club organized to foster the breed. It is entirely devoid of hair,
except sometimes a tuft or crest on its head and a few straggling hairs
on various parts of the body. It is a lively little fellow, mostly of a
brown color, and, though devoid of hair, can stand the cold very well. It
has a rounded body, a bit cobby in appearance, with somewhat of a terrier
head. Weight is about 15 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE NEWFOUNDLAND.
[Illustration: BOODLES, ESQ.]
ORIGIN.—Indigenous to Newfoundland, from which it takes its name. This
dog is probably a cross of some of the European dogs, some writers
claiming that it shows the blood of both the St. Bernard and the
water-spaniel.
[Illustration]
USES.—A good companion, and a water-dog as well.
* No Scale of Points adopted.
HEAD.—Broad, massive, flat on skull; occipital bone well developed; no
decided stop. Muzzle short, clean cut, and rather square in shape.
COAT.—Flat, dense, of coarsish texture, oily.
BODY.—Well ribbed up; broad back; neck strong, and muscular loins.
FORE LEGS.—Straight, muscular; elbows well let down, and feather all over.
HIND QUARTERS AND LEGS.—Hind quarters very strong; free action of legs,
which should have little feather. Dew-claws should be removed.
CHEST.—Deep, fairly broad, well covered with hair, but no frill.
BONE.—Massive, but not giving a heavy appearance.
FEET.—Large; splayed or turned-out feet objectionable.
TAIL.—Moderate length (to hocks); well covered with long hair, but no
flag; in repose it should hang downward with a curve at end. Tails with
kinks in them or carried over the back are objectionable.
EARS.—Small, set well back, square with the skull, close to head, and
covered with short hair; no fringe.
EYES.—Small, dark brown, deeply set, but showing no haw; wide apart.
COLOR.—Jet black; a tinge of bronze or splash of white on chest and toes
_not_ objectionable.
HEIGHT AND WEIGHT.—Average height is 27 inches for dog, and 25 inches for
bitch; weight, 100 and 85 pounds respectively.
DEFECTS.—Slack loins and cow-hocked.
[Illustration]
THE POINTER.
[Illustration: Westminster Kennel Club, Babylon, L. I.
KING OF KENT.]
ORIGIN.—The dog originally came from Spain, was imported into Great
Britain, and undergoing many changes, no doubt by crossing with the
foxhound, is to-day a vast improvement on the parent stock.
[Illustration]
USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Skull 10
Nose 10
Ears, eyes, and lips 4
Neck 6
Shoulders and chest 15
Hind quarters and stifles 15
Legs, elbows, and hocks 12
Feet 8
Tail 5
Coat 3
Color 5
Symmetry and quality 7
---
Total 100
Brains, nose, and speed make the pointer. The countenance should be
lively and intelligent.
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Large, flat; stop well defined, and with a depression running
from stop to occiput. The head should not be heavy, as this indicates
coarseness and an unreliable disposition. A full development of occipital
bone is indispensable. Nose large, long, broad (black in all except
lemons and whites, when it should be deep flesh color), deep enough to
make it “square”-muzzled; nostrils large and open. Ears moderately long,
filbert-shaped, and lying flat; set low; leather thin and flexible;
coverings silky. Eyes medium size, not set wide apart, and of the various
shades of brown, varying with color of coat. Lips full; not thick nor
pendulous.
[Illustration]