It is necessary to lay some stress on these points, because few realize
the extent to which we proceed on the assumption that marriage is a
short cut to perfect and permanent intimacy and affection. But there
is a still more unworkable assumption which must be discarded before
discussions of marriage can get into any sort of touch with the facts
of life. That assumption is that the specific relation which marriage
authorizes between the parties is the most intimate and personal of
human relations, and embraces all the other high human relations.
Now this is violently untrue. Every adult knows that the relation in
question can and does exist between entire strangers, different
in language, color, tastes, class, civilization, morals, religion,
character: in everything, in short, except their bodily homology and
the reproductive appetite common to all living organisms. Even hatred,
cruelty, and contempt are not incompatible with it; and jealousy and
murder are as near to it as affectionate friendship. It is true that it
is a relation beset with wildly extravagant illusions for inexperienced
people, and that even the most experienced people have not always
sufficient analytic faculty to disentangle it from the sentiments,
sympathetic or abhorrent, which may spring up through the other
relations which are compulsorily attached to it by our laws, or
sentimentally associated with it in romance. But the fact remains that
the most disastrous marriages are those founded exclusively on it, and
the most successful those in which it has been least considered, and in
which the decisive considerations have had nothing to do with sex,
such as liking, money, congeniality of tastes, similarity of habits,
suitability of class, &c., &c.
It is no doubt necessary under existing circumstances for a woman
without property to be sexually attractive, because she must get married
to secure a livelihood; and the illusions of sexual attraction
will cause the imagination of young men to endow her with every
accomplishment and virtue that can make a wife a treasure. The
attraction being thus constantly and ruthlessly used as a bait, both by
individuals and by society, any discussion tending to strip it of its
illusions and get at its real natural history is nervously discouraged.
But nothing can well be more unwholesome for everybody than the
exaggeration and glorification of an instinctive function which clouds
the reason and upsets the judgment more than all the other instincts put
together. The process may be pleasant and romantic; but the consequences
are not. It would be far better for everyone, as well as far honester,
if young people were taught that what they call love is an appetite
which, like all other appetites, is destroyed for the moment by its
gratification; that no profession, promise, or proposal made under its
influence should bind anybody; and that its great natural purpose so
completely transcends the personal interests of any individual or even
of any ten generations of individuals that it should be held to be an
act of prostitution and even a sort of blasphemy to attempt to turn it
to account by exacting a personal return for its gratification,
whether by process of law or not. By all means let it be the subject of
contracts with society as to its consequences; but to make marriage an
open trade in it as at present, with money, board and lodging, personal
slavery, vows of eternal exclusive personal sentimentalities and the
rest of it as the price, is neither virtuous, dignified, nor decent. No
husband ever secured his domestic happiness and honor, nor has any
wife ever secured hers, by relying on it. No private claims of any sort
should be founded on it: the real point of honor is to take no corrupt
advantage of it. When we hear of young women being led astray and the
like, we find that what has led them astray is a sedulously inculcated
false notion that the relation they are tempted to contract is so
intensely personal, and the vows made under the influence of its
transient infatuation so sacred and enduring, that only an atrociously
wicked man could make light of or forget them. What is more, as the
same fantastic errors are inculcated in men, and the conscientious ones
therefore feel bound in honor to stand by what they have promised,
one of the surest methods to obtain a husband is to practise on his
susceptibilities until he is either carried away into a promise of
marriage to which he can be legally held, or else into an indiscretion
which he must repair by marriage on pain of having to regard himself as
a scoundrel and a seducer, besides facing the utmost damage the lady's
relatives can do him.
Such a transaction is not an entrance into a "holy state of matrimony":
it is as often as not the inauguration of a lifelong squabble, a
corroding grudge, that causes more misery and degradation of character
than a dozen entirely natural "desertions" and "betrayals." Yet the
number of marriages effected more or less in this way must be enormous.
When people say that love should be free, their words, taken literally,
may be foolish; but they are only expressing inaccurately a very
real need for the disentanglement of sexual relations from a mass of
exorbitant and irrelevant conditions imposed on them on false pretences
to enable needy parents to get their daughters "off their hands" and to
keep those who are already married effectually enslaved by one another.