Hatchling tadpoles have total lengths of 8.7 to 10.6 mm., and body
lengths of 4.1 to 4.5 mm. The external gills are long and filamentous,
and the yolk sac is large. The head and caudal musculature are dark
brownish black, and the caudal fins are gray. The oral discs are large
and roughly circular. The growth and development of the tadpoles are
summarized in table 11 and figure 16.
A typical tadpole in stage 30 of development (KU 68482 from the Rio
Chitaria, Cartago Province, Costa Rica) may be described as follows:
body length 9.7 mm.; tail length 14.6 mm.; total length 24.3 mm.; body
as wide as deep; snout rounded dorsally and laterally; eyes widely
separated, directed dorsolaterally; nostril about midway between eye
and tip of snout; mouth anteroventral; spiracle sinistral, about midway
on length of body and slightly below midline; anal tube dextral; caudal
musculature slender, curved upward distally; dorsal fin extending onto
body; depth of dorsal fin slightly less than that of ventral fin at
mid-length of tail; dorsal part of body pale brown; ventral surfaces
transparent with scattered pigment; pale cream-colored, crescent-shaped
mark on posterior edge of body; caudal musculature pale creamy tan with
scattered pale brown spots; caudal fins transparent with scattered small
brown blotches on dorsal and ventral fins; iris pale bronze in life
(Fig. 13); mouth small; median part of upper lip bare; rest of mouth
bordered by one row of pointed papillae; lateral fold present;
tooth-rows 2/3, first upper row longest; second upper row slightly
shorter, broadly interrupted medially; three lower rows complete, equal
in length, slightly shorter than second upper row; upper beak moderately
deep, forming broad arch with slender lateral processes; lower beak
slender, broadly V-shaped; both beaks serrate (Fig. 15E).
In tadpoles having fully developed mouthparts the tooth-row formula of
2/3 is invariable. The pale crescent-shaped mark on the posterior part
of the body curves anterodorsally on the dorsal surface of the body.
These marks in dorsal view give the appearance of a pair of short, pale
stripes on the posterior part of the body. Most specimens from Costa
Rica have the pale coloration like that described above, but some
individuals (notable KU 87683 from Guapiles, Costa Rica, KU 87707 from
Finca Tepeyac, Nicaragua, and KU 87708 from Bonanza, Nicaragua) have
much more pigment. In these specimens the same color pattern obtains as
in the pallid individuals, but the pigmentation is dense. This is
especially noticeable on the tail.
Recently metamorphosed young have snout-vent lengths of 12.7 to 16.7 mm.
(average, 14.3 mm. in eleven specimens). Coloration of young in life (KU
68484 from Rio Chitaria, Cartago Province, Costa Rica): "Dorsum pale
tan; side of head and flanks darker brown, separated from tan dorsum by
an indistinct cream stripe. Limbs pale yellow; thighs flecked with
brown; shank and tarsus yellowish tan with indistinct brown bars. Soles
of feet brown. Belly white; throat dusty cream flecked with silvery
white. Upper lip silvery white. Iris bright gold with black flecks.
Heels, tarsal and anal stripes white" (Duellman, field notes, May 23,
1961).
_Remarks._--Peters (1863:463) named _Hyla labialis_ from the "region of
Bogota, Colombia", but in 1873 regarded his new species as identical
with _Hyla phaeota_ Cope, 1862, from Turbo, Colombia. The name _Hyla
labialis_ has been used for frogs from the northern Andes in Colombia
(see Dunn, 1944:72, and Stebbins and Hendrickson, 1959:522, for
discussion of nomenclature). Rivero (1961:131) used the name _Hyla
vilsoniana_ Cope, 1899, for the frogs from the northern Andes previously
referred to _Hyla labialis_. A review of the nomenclature and taxonomy
of these frogs, which superficially resemble _Smilisca_ but are
unrelated, is beyond the scope of the present study.
_Hyla baudini dolomedes_ Barbour, 1923, is based on a small _Smilisca
phaeota_ (MCZ 8539) having a snout-vent length of 45.5 mm. Dunn
(1931a:413) placed _dolomedes_ in the synonymy of _Smilisca phaeota_. We
have examined the holotype of _dolomedes_ and agree with Dunn's
assignment.
Smith (1953:150) described _Hyla phaeota cyanosticta_ from Guatemala.
Our studies on the external morphology, coloration, and especially the
cranial osteology provide evidence that _cyanosticta_ is a species
distinct from _phaeota_.
_Distribution._--_Smilisca phaeota_ inhabits humid tropical forests from
northeastern Nicaragua southward on the Caribbean lowlands to elevations
of about 1000 meters and on the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica,
exclusive of the arid regions of Guanacaste, throughout the lowlands of
Panama, exclusive of the savannas of the Pacific lowland and the Azuero
Peninsula, and southward on the Pacific slopes of South America through
Colombia to west-central Ecuador; also the valleys of the Rio Cauca and
Rio Magdalena in Colombia (Fig. 2).
_Specimens examined._--528, as follows: NICARAGUA: =Matagalpa=: Finca
Tepeyac, 10 km. N, 9 km. E Matagalpa, KU 85439, 87707 (tadpoles);
Matagalpa, MCZ 3546-7, UMMZ 92367; 19 km. N Matagalpa, UMMZ 116495-6.
Zelaya: Bonanza, KU 84854-62, 84950-2 (skeletons), 85440-50, 87708-9
(tadpoles); Cukra, AMNH 80618; Rio Mico, 16 km. E Recreo, UMMZ 79711
(6), 79712 (4); junction Rio Mico and Rio Siguia, UMMZ 79713 (10); Rio
Siguia, 11 km. NW Rama, UMMZ 79714 (14), 79715 (11), 79716 (21), 79717,
79718 (3).
COSTA RICA: =Alajuela=: Cinchona, KU 32255, 64286-8; 5 km. S Ciudad
Quesada, USC 8077; Laguna Monte Alegre, KU 64289-90; Las Playuelas, 11
km. S Los Chiles, USC 7216; San Carlos, USNM 29961.
=Cartago=: Moravia de Turrialba, KU 32212-47, 37133-5, 41093 (skeleton),
64280-1, USC 7243 (3); Peralta, KU 32271-2; Rio Chitaria, 3 km. NNE
Pavones, KU 64273-9, 68477 (eggs), 68478-83 (tadpoles), 68484 (young);
Rio Reventazon, MCZ 29196-203, UMMZ 117677 (9); Turrialba, KU 25720-2,
32209-11, 32266-8, 32273-4, 37136-67, 41090-2 (skeletons), 64270-2, MCZ
29221, 29222 (tadpoles), 29269-70, USNM 29934.
=Guanacaste=: Tilaran, KU 36805-7; 8 km. NE Tilaran, KU 36803-4.
=Heredia=: Barranca del Rio Sarapiqui below Isla Bonita, KU 64282-3;
Cariblanco, KU 32256-60, 41094 (skeleton), 64284, MCZ 7967; Isla Bonita,
KU 32250-4; 4.2 km. W Puerto Viejo, KU 64285, 68485; 7.5 km. W Puerto
Viejo, KU 68486; 1 km. S Puerto Viejo, KU 86518.
=Limon=: Bambu, USC 7182 (4); Batan, UMMZ 118582; Coen, MCZ 9825; La
Lola, KU 32262-4, UF 4029, UMMZ 117678 (3); Los Diamantes, CNHM
101295-8, KU 25723-4, 32265, 64267-9; Pandora, UMMZ 122650 (2), USC 7188
(3), 7190; Puerto Limon, KU 32261; Rio Lari at Rio Dipari, 21 km. SW
Amubre, USC 7177; Rio Toro Amarillo, 7 km. W Guapiles, KU 86519, 87683
(tadpoles); Suretka, KU 36808-10, 37168.
=Puntarenas=: Agua Buena, KU 36790; 1.6 km. E Buenos Aires, UMMZ 117578;
3 km. NW Buenos Aires, KU 64304; 4 km. N, 15 km. W Dominical, KU 68491-2
(tadpoles); Esparta, MCZ 8029-30, 8032; Golfito, KU 32270; 6 km. E
Golfito, KU 84999-500 (skeletons); Gromaco, UMMZ 123677 (4); Palmar, KU
32269; 4 km. ESE Palmar Sur, KU 64305-6; 5.6 km. SE Palmar Sur, KU 68489
(tadpoles); 7.0 km. SE Palmar Sur, KU 68490 (young); 8.5 km. SE Piedras
Blancas, KU 64292-303; Quebrada Boruca, 22 km. E Palmar Norte, KU 64291;
Rincon, "Camp Seattle," Peninsula de Osa, UMMZ 123676 (3), USC 7254; Rio
Ferruviosa, 7 km. S Rincon, USC 7235; 1.6 km. WNW Villa Neily, KU 68493
(young), 68494 (tadpoles).
=San Jose=: San Isidro el General, KU 32249, UMMZ 75025; 10 km. N San
Isidro el General, MCZ 29099-103; 13 km. WSW San Isidro el General, KU
86517; 15 km. WSW San Isidro el General, KU 68487 (tadpoles), 68488
(young), 68495 (young); 20 km. WSW San Isidro el General, KU 32248.
PANAMA: No province: Cano Saddle, USNM 69588; Punta de Pena, USNM 38733;
Quipo, AMNH 18925-6. =Bocas del Toro=: Almirante, KU 80080, 91835-6; 1.6
km. W Almirante, KU 91837; 3 km. W Almirante, KU 91824 (skeleton),
91838-43, 91906-7; 11 km. NW Almirante, CNHM 67853-61; 13 km. W
Almirante, KU 91825-7 (skeletons), 91844-9; Fish Creek, KU 92329; Isla
Popa, KU 91850-1. =Canal Zone=: Barro Colorado Island, CNHM 6007, 13316,
13325, 13331, 13360-2, 13377-8, MCZ 24191-5, UF 7523, UMMZ 63547-60,
64457, 69497 (3); 3.7 km. W Cocoli, KU 67916; Fort Sherman, MCZ 10139;
Gatun, MCZ 35644; Junction roads C25B and C16, TNHC 23839; Madden
Forest Preserve, TNHC 23837-8. =Cocle=: El Valle, KU 77521-4, 77649
(tadpole), TNHC 23369. =Comarca del Baru=: Progreso, UMMZ 61085-9.
Colon: Achiote, KU 77516-20, 77648 (young); Rio Candelaria, CNHM
67851-2. =Darien=: Rio Esnape, Sambu Valley, MCZ 8539; Rio Sucubti,
Chalichiman's Creek, AMNH 40512; Camp Creek, AMNH 40758-9; Camp Creek,
Camp Townsend, AMNH 40988. =Panama=: NW slope Cerro Prominente, KU
80459; Finca La Sumbadora, KU 91914 (skeleton). =Chiriqui=: 2 km. W
Concepcion, AMNH 68910.
COLUMBIA: =Antioquia=: Puerto Berrio, CNHM 30805 (Goin); Turbo, USNM
39899. =Caldas=: Pueblorrica, Santa Cecilia, CNHM 54768-71 (Goin).
=Choco=: No specific locality, AMNH 3984-6; Andagoya, BMNH 1915.10.21.
69-70, CNHM 81857 (Goin); Golfo de Uraba, CNHM 63881 (Goin); Pena Lisa,
Condoto, BMNH 1913.11.12. 118-125, 1913.11.12. 137-146 (Goin); Pizarro,
CNHM 4451-3, 4455-61 (Goin); Rio San Juan, Playa del Oro, CNHM 54772
(Goin); Rio Quesada, AMNH 13615-77; 37 km. up Rio Pune, AMNH 13688; 48
km. up Rio Pune, AMNH 13689. =Narino=: Tumaco, Rio Rosario, CJG 2310-13
(Goin). =Valle=: Buenaventura, BMNH 1895.11.16.82 (Goin); Raposa, WAT
166, 346-47, 388 (Goin); Rio Calima above Cordoba, CJG 2249-57 (Goin).
ECUADOR: No province: Bulun, AMNH 10620. =Esmeraldas=: Cachabe, AMNH
10625-8; Rio Capayas, CNHM 35712; Rio Sapaya, UMMZ 58910 (5); Salidero,
AMNH 10623-4; San Javier, AMNH 10618. =Guayas=: Hacienda Balao Chico,
UMMZ 123904. =Imbabura=: Pambelar, AMNH 10629, 10631. =Pichincha=:
Hacienda Espinosa, 9 km. W Santo Domingo de los Colorados, KU 40220.
=Smilisca puma= (Cope), new combination
_Hyla puma_ Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 22:183, 1885
[Holotype.--USNM 13735 from Nicaragua; J. F. Moser collector].
Guenther, Biologia Centrali-Americana: Reptilia and Batrachia, p.
270, Sept., 1901. Nieden, Das Tierreich, Amphibia, Anura I, p. 251,
June, 1923. Cochran, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., 220:58, 1961.
_Hyla wellmanorum_ Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 25(1):843, July
1, 1952 [Holotype.--KU 30302 from Batan, Limon, Costa Rica, Edward
H. Taylor collector]; Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 36(1):626, June 1,
1954. Duellman and Berg, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
15:194, Oct. 26, 1962.
_Smilisca wellmanorum_, Starrett, Copeia, 4:303, Dec. 30, 1960.
_Diagnosis._--Size small ([M] 38.0 mm., [F] 46.0 mm.), differing from
other species in the genus by the following combination of characters:
skull about as long as broad; frontoparietal fontanelle keyhole-shaped;
supraorbital flanges absent; squamosal small, not in contact with
maxillary; bony portion of ethmoid terminating at anterior edge of
orbit; tarsal fold weak, two-thirds length of tarsus; inner metatarsal
tubercle small, low, flat, elliptical; snout rounded in dorsal profile;
lips thin and flaring; fingers having only vestige of web; toes one-half
webbed; diameter of tympanum about two-thirds that of eye; narrow labial
stripe white; pair of dark brown (sometimes interconnected) stripes on
tan dorsum; no blue spots on flanks or thighs; vocal sac in breeding
males pale brown. (Foregoing combination of characters distinguishing
_S. puma_ from other species in genus.)
_Description and variation._--Ten breeding males from the vicinity of
Puerto Viejo, Heredia Province, Costa Rica, have snout-vent lengths of
32.5 to 37.9 mm. (34.8 mm.). In these specimens, the length of the tibia
to the snout-vent length is 0.48 to 0.53 (0.51), and the tympanum/eye
ratio is 0.52 to 0.72 (0.65). Seven females have snout-vent lengths of
40.8 to 45.8 mm. (43.9 mm.). No individual has more than a vestige of a
web between the second and third and fourth fingers. None has a web
between the first and second fingers. Breeding males lack nuptial
excrescences on the thumbs. The vocal sac is moderately large and
bilobed.
In preserved specimens the dorsal ground color varies from yellowish tan
to grayish brown. All specimens have dark brown dorsal markings in the
form of a pair of dorsal stripes, variously modified (Pl. 7A). In some
specimens, such as KU 91716, the stripes are discrete and extend from
the postorbital region nearly to the vent. In most specimens the stripes
are connected by a transverse mark in the scapular region and in many
others also by a transverse mark in the sacral region. In some specimens
the stripes are fragmented posteriorly; fragmentation is extreme in KU
30300, in which the dorsal pattern consists of two series of dark
longitudinal dashes. The other extreme is a nearly complete fusion of
the stripes, as in KU 91714. A dark brown interorbital bar usually
extends onto the eyelids, but in some specimens this is reduced to a
short V-shaped mark or small spot between the eyes. There is no dark
post-tympanic mark, but dark brown pigment forms a venated pattern from
the axilla to the mid-flank; the inguinal region is white, finely
mottled with dark brown. The dorsal surfaces of the hind limbs are
colored like the body and have two or three dark brown transverse marks
on the thighs, three to five marks on the shanks, and one or two marks
or irregularly arranged dark flecks on the tarsi. The anterior and
posterior surfaces of the thighs are pale tan to brown. The webbing of
the feet is tan to grayish brown. A narrow white labial stripe, white
anal stripe, and narrow white stripes on the tarsi and outer edges of
the forelimbs are invariably present. The ventral surfaces are creamy
white.
In life the dorsum is tan or pale brown with dark brown markings. Some
individuals have scattered metallic green flecks on the dorsum. The
flanks are mottled dark brown and creamy white. The posterior surfaces
of the thighs are dark brown. The vocal sacs are grayish brown, and the
iris is a deep bronze color.
_Natural History._--_Smilisca puma_ inhabits humid lowland tropical
forests having more or less evenly distributed rainfall throughout the
year. The equable climatic conditions seemingly permit these frogs to be
active throughout most of the year. Taylor (1952:846) found calling
males at Batan, Costa Rica, on July 20, 1951. We found the species
breeding near Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica, on February 19, June 18, July
13, and July 31. Specimens of calling males from Costa Rica in the
collection at the University of Southern California were obtained in
February at La Fortuna, on August 22 at Los Diamantes, on August 30 at
Jabillos, and on September 5 at La Lola. Gravid females were collected
in June, July and August.
Males call from shallow water. All breeding congregations of this
species that we have found were in a grassy marsh, 7.5 kilometers west
of Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica. Tadpoles were found in water-filled
depressions in the marsh at night. When first observed, tadpoles were
near the surface of the water; they responded to light by quickly taking
refuge in the dense grass. No tadpoles were observed by day.
The breeding call consists of a low squawk, usually followed by a series
of one or more rattling secondary notes (duration of primary notes,
0.06-0.35 seconds; of secondary notes, 0.10 to 0.47 seconds), repeated
at intervals of 5 to 55 seconds. The primary notes have 187 to 240
pulses per second and major frequencies of about 740 to 1870 cycles per
second (Pl. 11A).
Only six tadpoles are available for study. Four of them in stage 34 of
development have body lengths of 9.0 to 9.5 mm., tail lengths of 14.0 to
15.0 mm., and total lengths of 23.0 to 24.5 mm. One tadpole in stage 38
and one in stage 40 have total lengths of 31.0 mm. A typical tadpole in
stage 34 of development (KU 91807 from 7.5 km. W Puerto Viejo, Heredia
Province, Costa Rica) has a body length of 9.5 mm., tail length of 15.0
mm., and total length of 24.5 mm.; body about three-fourths as deep as
wide; snout rounded dorsally and laterally; eyes widely separated,
directed dorsolaterally; nostril about midway between eye and tip of
snout; mouth anteroventral; spiracle sinistral, about two-thirds
distance from snout to posterior end of body and slightly below midline;
anal tube dextral; caudal musculature slender, barely curved upward
distally; dorsal fin extending onto body; at mid-length of tail, depth
of caudal musculature equal to that of dorsal fin and ventral fin; body
grayish brown, palest ventrally; caudal musculature pale creamy yellow
with bold gray reticulations; caudal fins transparent with gray
reticulations anteriorly and black flecks posteriorly on both fins (Fig.
14A). Median part of upper lip bare; rest of mouth bordered by two rows
of short blunt papillae; lateral fold present; tooth-rows 2/3; upper
rows equal in length; second upper row broadly interrupted medially;
three lower rows complete, first and second rows equal in length,
slightly shorter than upper rows; third lower row noticeably shorter;
upper beak shallow, forming broad, continuous arch with slender lateral
processes; lower beak slender, broadly V-shaped, both beaks finely
serrate (Fig. 15B).
All six tadpoles are colored alike, except that in the larger specimens
scattered white flecks are present on the ventral surface of the body,
and the dark reticulations continue farther posteriorly on the caudal
fins than in the smaller tadpoles. In two specimens the third lower
tooth-row is only about one-half the length of the other lower rows, and
in one specimen the second lower tooth-row is shorter than the first.
Coloration of tadpoles in life: "Body olive-brown with silvery green
flecks laterally. Caudal musculature olive-brown with greenish tan
flecks. Fins brown with greenish gold flecks. Iris deep bronze."
(Duellman, field notes, February 19, 1965).
One recently metamorphosed young (KU 91808) has a snout-vent length of
12.4 mm. In life this frog had a pale tan dorsum with dark brown
markings, yellowish tan posterior surfaces of thighs, grayish brown
throat, and bronze iris.
_Remarks._--The identity of Cope's _Hyla puma_ has not been known. The
name has appeared in various compilations, but no workers have referred
any of their specimens to that species. Examination of the holotype
(USNM 13735), an adult female, revealed the presence of the following
combination of characters: snout-vent length 45.8 mm., snout blunt above
and rounded laterally, nostrils close to tip of snout, lips thin and
flaring, a vestige of a web on the hands, feet about one-half webbed,
tarsal fold weak and extending about two-thirds length of tarsus, dorsal
markings consisting of a faded dark interorbital bar and a pair of faded
longitudinal brown marks connected by a transverse band in the scapular
region. The type agrees well with specimens of _Smilisca wellmanorum_
(Taylor, 1952); the vestigial webbing on the hands and the dorsal
coloration are especially significant. Consequently, we consider _Hyla
wellmanorum_ Taylor, 1952, to be a synonym of _Hyla puma_ Cope, 1885.
Cope gave only "Nicaragua" as the locality for _Hyla puma_. The specimen
was part of a collection received at the United States National Museum
from Lt. J. F. Moser. Among the species in the collection are
_Dentrobates pumilio_, _Phyllomedusa helenae_, _Corythophanes
cristatus_, _Pliocercus dimidatus_, _Tretanorhinus nigroluteus_, and
others characteristically found on the Caribbean lowlands of Central
America. Thus, it seems reasonable to assume that the type specimen of
_Hyla puma_ came from the Caribbean lowlands. Though no other Nicaraguan
specimens have been found by us, numerous specimens are known from the
Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica.
Cochran (1961:58), in her catalogue of type specimens in the United
States National Museum, listed _Hyla puma_ Cope, 1885, as a synonym of
_Hyla molitor_ Schmidt, 1857. She made no qualifying statements. Schmidt
(1858:246), in his descriptions of the species in the year following his
publication of the names and Latin diagnoses, stated: "Dorsum uniformly
gray, more intensive on back, fading away laterally and on extremities;
in every-day-life this blue would be called _Mueller's Blau_. A
delicately dotted black line runs on the canthus rostralis from the
opening of the nose to the corner of the eye. In the armpits, on the
flanks and the thighs two of our three specimens have black marblings."
[Free translation] Certainly on the basis of coloration _Hyla puma_ is
distinctly different from _Hyla molitor_.
_Distribution._--This species lives in the wet, forested regions of the
Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and presumably southern Nicaragua (Fig.
3). All specimens are from low elevations; the highest known elevation
for the occurrence of this frog is 285 meters at Laguna Bonilla.
[Illustration: FIG. 3. Map showing locality records for _Smilisca
puma_ (triangles) and _Smilisca sila_ (circles).]
_Specimens examined._--62, as follows: NICARAGUA: No specific locality,
USNM 13735.
COSTA RICA: =Alajuela=: Jabillos, 5 km. N Santa Clara, USC 8058 (6); 5
km. W La Fortuna, USC 8078 (2); Rio La Fortuna at La Fortuna, USC 7151
(3). =Cartago=: Laguna Bonilla, tunnel camp near Peralta, KU 32171.
=Heredia=: Puerto Viejo, KU 86521; 5.9 km. W Puerto Viejo, KU 64307; 7.5
km. W Puerto Viejo, KU 64308-10, 64311 (skeleton), 64312-15, 68635-6
(skeletons), 85001-2 (skeletons), 86520, 87770-1 (skeletons), 91709-16,
91791-2, 91807 (tadpoles), 91808 (young). =Limon=: Batan, KU 30300-2; La
Lola, KU 32169, USC 141, 201, 8067; Los Diamantes, KU 32170, UMMZ 118470
(6), USC 212; 2.4 km. E Los Diamantes, USC 8049 (5).
=Smilisca sila= new species
_Hyla gabbi_, Noble, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 37:66, Feb. 21,
1924. Dunn, Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5:413, Oct. 10,
1931. Schmidt, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 89(1):6, March 16, 1933.
_Hyla sordida_, Dunn, Copeia, 3:166, Nov. 19, 1937. Cooper, Copeia,
2:121, June 30, 1944. Breder, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
86(8):417, Aug. 26, 1946.
_Hyla phaeota_, Breder, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 86(8): pl. 55,
Aug. 26, 1946.
_Holotype._--Adult male, KU 91852 from a small stream at the north edge
of the village of El Volcan, Chiriqui Province, Panama, elevation 1280
meters; obtained on Feb. 5, 1965, by William E. Duellman.
_Paratypes._--KU 91853-74, collected with the holotype.
_Diagnosis._--Size moderate ([M] 45.0 mm., [F] 62.2 mm.); skull wider
than long, having large, ovoid frontoparietal fontanelle; supraorbital
flanges absent; squamosal small, not contacting maxillary; bony section
of ethmoid extending anteriorly between nasals; tarsal fold weak, full
length of tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle low, flat, elliptical; lips
thick, rounded, not flaring; fingers one-third webbed; toes
three-fourths webbed; diameter of tympanum about one-half that of eye;
margin of upper lip faintly marked by interrupted creamy white stripe;
dark spots on dorsum; pale flecks on flanks and posterior surfaces of
thighs; vocal sacs in breeding males dark brown. (Foregoing combination
of characters distinguishing _S. sila_ from any other species in genus.)