The Printing of Catalogues.
The Preparation of "Copy." Markings for Type. Styles of
Printing in Various Catalogues. Table of Types. Tenders for
Printing. Model Specification. Reading and Correction of
Proofs. Type "Kept Standing."
The preparation of the manuscript of the catalogue for the press, and
the reading and correction of proofs, call for great care on the part
of the cataloguer, if the results of his labours are to be entirely
satisfactory when in print.
The slips being all sorted into exact order, it is well to paste them
down on sheets of paper, to make the "copy" for the printer. Any kind
of paper serves the purpose, provided it is strong and the sheets
are uniform in size; back numbers of periodicals, if on good paper,
do quite well. When the entries in the dictionary catalogue under
a subject-heading are fairly numerous, they are sub-divided before
they are pasted down; the entries themselves usually suggesting the
appropriate sub-headings--or "arrangement according to material." Some
sub-divisions have been added to the illustrative entries in these
pages to show this. The headings of the second and subsequent entries
under an author's name, and under a subject, are cut away before the
slips are pasted down, or they must be scored through afterwards;
watchful care has to be exercised lest too much be cut off the slips
at this time. If the catalogue is classified the numerical symbols are
interpreted, and such class-headings, divisions, and sub-divisions
written as are required to be printed. The sheets of paper should be
pasted and the slips laid on them and rubbed down, instead of pasting
each slip separately.
Should the catalogue entries be written or typed on good cards,
inconvenient to paste down, or which it is desired to preserve, they
can be numbered consecutively and strung together for the printer;
anything upon them not meant to be printed being marked out, including
in this case also the headings of second and subsequent entries under a
single heading and an author's name.
Whether sent on separate cards or as pasted sheets, each entry must
be marked for the sizes and styles of type the printer is to use. The
following is a convenient and recognised method of doing this:--
For CAPITALS underline three times in black ink.
For SMALL CAPITALS underline twice in black ink.
For _Italics_ underline once in black ink.
For =Clarendon=, =Antique=, or other heavy type underline as
before but in red.
For smaller type than the body of the catalogue mark the
portions down the margin with a vertical line.
Various considerations enter into the question of the style or
"get-up" (i.e., size, types, paper, binding) of the catalogue. In all
rate-supported libraries the foremost of these is the expense involved.
Owing to the disconnected nature of catalogue entries the setting is
somewhat troublesome work for the compositor, and, taking longer time
than straightforward work, costs more, though the modern type-setting
machines, Linotype and Monotype, have facilitated the work. It is a
well-known fact in connection with public libraries that the public
will not pay more than a merely nominal sum for a catalogue, and
certainly nothing approaching the cost of printing--to be compelled to
sell a catalogue for 6d. which cost 1s. 6d. or 2s. per copy to produce
is a common experience. Sometimes the difference in cost is made good
by advertisements, though this is an unreliable source of revenue.
Advertisers do not regard a catalogue as a good medium for this purpose
owing to the small number in an edition; the fact that it is in
constant use does not weigh much with them. If advertisements can be
dispensed with so much the better, as they detract from the appearance
of a catalogue even if they do not actually disfigure it. The extent
of the library catalogued also enters into the matter. A small one not
requiring a large catalogue can use larger type in printing, though a
small library and a small income often go together, when strict economy
has to be exercised. Again there is the question of including the books
of the reference department in the catalogue, making it a general one,
which adds to its bulk and cost. The reference books having to be used
upon the premises are quite sufficiently brought under notice by means
of the card or sheaf form of catalogues, typewritten or in manuscript,
now in general use, though it may be desirable for a newly-established
library to have a complete catalogue of all departments. Those
persons who understand a "reference department" to consist of a
few directories, dictionaries, and almanacks, may thus learn that
it comprises much more. The extent of the collection also affects
this, as it is desirable, if not actually necessary, that the printed
catalogue shall be kept within such limits as to be portable, and in
a single volume, because some people prefer to have their own copies
rather than make use of those provided in the library, and others make
their choice of books solely at home. All this applies more especially
to the catalogues of lending libraries, as, generally speaking, printed
catalogues of reference libraries are seldom seen nowadays--they are
more of a luxury than a necessity.
The illustrative examples throughout this work give an idea of the
styles of types recommended, though the choice is more one of usage
or personal preference. The following examples, taken from various
catalogues, are selected as representing the styles of printing usually
met with in catalogues.
A common and very economical form is set in 8-point (or brevier)
old-style type, with authors' names, when leading, in small capitals,
the subject-headings in antique, with the entries under them in 6-point
(or nonpareil) as well as all contents and annotations. It is printed
in double columns with a double rule dividing the columns, and on a
royal octavo page:--
HAYNE, M. H. E., and H. W. TAYLOR.
The pioneers of the Klondyke. 1897 I 4126
HAYNES, E. S. P. Religious persecution:
a study in political psychology. 1904 B 1530
Hayti:--
Pritchard, H. Where black rules white. 1900 I 4986
St. John, Sir S. Hayti; or, the Black Republic.
1889 I 4378
Texier, C. Au pays des généraux: Haiti. 1891 I 1145
Heber. Reginald, _Bp._ Poetical works. '75 H 90
Robinson, T. The last days of Bishop
Heber. 1831 I 2348
A variation has the authors' names, wherever they occur, printed in
clarendon (heavy type) and the subject-headings in capitals and small
capitals after this fashion:--
=Cellini, Benvenuto.= Life of, [by himself]; transl.,
[with an introduction,] by John A. Symonds.
Illus. 2 v. roy. 8º. 1888 E 7032
-- =Birrell, A.= A rogue's memoirs. (_In his_ Obiter
dicta, ser. I.) 1884 H 3462
-- =Goethe, J. W. von.= Benvenuto Cellini. (_In
his_ Sämtliche Werke, v. 29.) [1885] H 3131
=Celsus, Aurelius C.= De medicina; ad fidem optimorum
librorum denuo recensuit adnotatione
critica indicibusque instruxit C. Daremberg.
(_Bibl. script Graec. et Roman. Teubneriana._)
pp. xlviii, 407 sm. 8º. _Lipsiae_, 1859 O 430
-- =Froude, J. A.= Origen and Celsus. (_In his_
Short studies, ser. 4.) 1883 E 2926
CELTS.
-- =Guest, E.= Origines Celticae 2 v. 1833 E 5178
-- =Lemière, P. L.= Etude sur les Celtes et les
Gaulois 1881 E 3848
-- Revue celtique. Tomes 4-11 8 v. 1881-91 H 1857
-- =Rhys, J.= Origin and growth of religion as
illustrated by Celtic heathendom 1888 A 3481
-- =Warren, F. E.= The liturgy and ritual of the
Celtic church 1881 A 3595
-- _see also Ireland_ (_Language and literature._)
The disadvantage of this style is the over-emphasis of authors' names
at the cost of subject-headings, which are somewhat obscured instead
of being made prominent. The general appearance is not good, the page
having a "spotty" look.
The next example is much the same in character as the first, except
that it is set in modern-faced type, the shelf numbers are given in
heavy type, and the gauge is different. On the whole it presents a
pleasing appearance, though the punctuation is unusual:--
=Glaciers.= Green (W. S.) Among the Selkirk
glaciers. 1890. _ill. maps._ =C 2376=
Helmholtz (H.) Ice and glaciers: _in his_
Popular lectures, v. 1. 1884. =E 4726=
Molloy (G.) The glaciers of the Alps: _in his_
Gleanings in science. 1888. =E 4926=
Rendu ( ) Theory of the glaciers of Savoy.
1874. _map._ =E 4623=
_in_ Tyndall (J.) The forms of water. 1885.
_ill._ =E 4179=
Gladiators; by G. J. W. Melville. v. d. =F 6041,=
=F 6042=
GLADSTONE (J. H.) The life of Faraday: in
Science lectures, Manchester, v. 2. 1885. =E 3841=
GLADSTONE (WILLIAM E.) Gleanings of past
years. 1879-97. 8v. 12º =H 8114-21=
=1.= The Throne and the Prince Consort; The
Cabinet and constitution. =2.= Personal and
literary. =3.= Historical and speculative. =4.= Foreign.
=5-6.= Ecclesiastical =7.= Miscellaneous. =8.= Theological
and Ecclesiastical.
Homer. 1878. 12º =G 7233=
"Old-style" in type does not mean old-fashioned, but the more artistic
and readable type modelled on the lettering of the early printers,
principally those of the Italian presses, and is that most preferred
at present. If anything, modern-faced type is the older fashioned.
Fantastic or decorated types, even for initial capitals at the
commencement of a division of the catalogue, are better avoided. The
following is an example somewhat after the style of the second given
above, but applied to a classified catalogue:--
=944 French History.=
=Coignet= (Clarisse) Francis I. [of France] and his
times. [Translated] from the French by Fanny
Twemlow. Lond. 1888. 8vo. pp. iv. 371. =944.028 C 1=
=Beauchamp= (Comte de) Louis XIII. d'après sa
correspondance avec le Cardinal de Richelieu.
Paris, 1902. fol. pp. [iv]. 460. _Ports., map and
illus._ =F 944.032 B 1=
=Furse= (George Armand) 1800. Marengo and
Hohenlinden. Lond. 1903. 8vo. pp. xii. 478.
_Port., illus. and maps._ =944.046 F 2=
=Bowles= (Thomas Gibson) The defence of Paris,
[1870-71] narrated as it was seen. Lond. 1871.
8vo. pp. x. 405. _Map and illus._ =944.08 B 4=
When varying sizes of type are used for distinctive purposes, the
contrast is better brought about by using for the smaller type one
which is two sizes under that of the body of the catalogue. Thus if
10-point (or long primer) is used, then 8-point (or brevier) is taken
for the small type rather than 9-point (or bourgeois), which would not
be sufficiently distinctive. All the above examples are in 8-point (or
brevier) with 6-point (or nonpareil) for the small size. The following
table of types and the space they occupy is useful for reference:--
SIZES OF TYPES.
This is old-style 12-point (Pica)
This is old-style 11-point (Small Pica)
This is old-style 10-point (Long Primer)
This is old-style 9-point (Bourgeois)
This is old-style 8-point (Brevier)
This is old-style 7-point (Minion)
This is old-style 6-point (Nonpareil)
This is modern-faced 12-point (Pica)
This is modern-faced 11-point (Small Pica)
This is modern-faced 10-point (Long Primer)
This is modern faced 9-point (Bourgeois)
This is modern-faced 8-point (Brevier)
This is modern faced 7-point (Minion)
This is modern-faced 6-point (Nonpareil)
Where cost has not to be considered, a better
effect is obtained by printing a catalogue across the
page instead of in double columns. This takes up
nearly twice as much space, given the same size of
type, and is usually printed in demy octavo size
(8½ inches by 5½). If the number of entries is large
the catalogue makes a thick volume, though this
depends largely upon the size of type used. The
following example is taken from a class-list printed
in 8-point (or brevier) with notes and contents in
6-point (or nonpareil) as in the double-columned
catalogues shown above:--
POOLE, G. AYLIFFE. History of ecclesiastical architecture in
England, pp. xiv, 415, port 8º. 1848
-- and OTHERS. Architectural notices of the churches of the
archdeaconry of Northampton: deaneries of Higham
Ferrers and Haddon. pp. xii. 288, illus. roy. 8º. 1849
POTTER, JOSEPH. Remains of ancient monastic architecture in
England roy. fº. [1845-7]
_Contents_--Buildwas Abbey church, pl. 33.--Wenlock Priory
church. pl. 30.--Tintern Abbey church. pl. 49.
-- Specimens of antient English architecture: ... plans, elevations,
sections, and details.--Ecclesiastical. pp. 31, pl. 42.
roy. 4º. 1848
PRICKETT, MARMADUKE. Historical and architectural description
of the Priory church of Bridlington. pp. xxviii, 130, pl. 17.
8º. _Cambridge_, 1831
PRIOUX, STANISLAS. Monographie de l'ancienne abbaye royale
Saint-Yved de Braine; [avec plans, élévations, &c.] pp. iii,
104, pl. 26. fº. _Paris_, 1859
It is with the object of using larger-sized types that catalogues are
printed across the page, as the double-columned catalogue does not
admit of the use of large type without adopting a wide page, which is
somewhat inconvenient. The next three examples are of the larger-type
character:-- The following is set in 9-point (bourgeois) with the
contents and notes in 5-point (or pearl). The setting of works of
fiction in double columns is an economical feature, as the short titles
of this class of literature permit a saving. The catalogue from which
it is taken, including preface and key to the indicator of 50 pages,
contains 760 pages for a lending library of just under 20,000 volumes:--
REEVEs, Wm. P. The Long White Cloud--Ao Tea Roa. [New
Zealand]. 1898 3026 H
State Experiments in Australia and New Zealand. 2 vols.
1902 610 C
Reflection, Aids to, by S. T. Coleridge. 1873 19 B
Reflets sur la sombre route, par 'Pierre Loti.' 1899 1809 G
Reform Bill. Epoch of Reform, 1830-50, by J. McCarthy. 1882 1018 H
=Reformation, The=:--
Beard, C. The Reformation of the 16th century. Hibbert
Lect. 1897 839 B
Beckett, W. H. The English Reformation of the 16th
century. 1890 694 B
Bettany, G. T. Popular history of the Reformation and
Modern Protestantism. 1895 1808 H
REICH, Emil. Foundations of modern Europe. 1904 4331 H
The War of American Independence, 1763-83. The
French Revolution. Napoleon. The Re-action. The
Revolutions. The Unity of Italy. The Unity of
Germany. The Franco-German War.
REID, Capt. Mayne. Odd People; singular races of
man. 1885 543 D and 1598 K
Tales;--
Afloat in the Forest 2608 I and 1174 K
Boy Hunters 2609 I and 1175 K
Boy Slaves 2610 I and 1176 K
Boy Tar 2611 I and 1177 K
Bruin 2612 I and 1178 K
Bush Boys 2613 I and 1179 K
Chase of the Leviathan 2614 I and 1180 K
Child Wife 2615 I and 1181 K
Cliff Climbers 2616 I and 1182 K
Sequel to 'Plant Hunters.
Death-Shot 2617 I and 1183 K
The type here is 11-point (or small pica) with contents and notes in
6-point (nonpareil). This catalogue runs to 790 pages (for 32,000
volumes) without advertisements, and a bound copy weighs 2¾ lbs.:--
Burlesque plays and poems F =1511=
Chaucer's 'Rime of Thopas.' Beaumont and Fletcher's
'Knight of the burning pestle.' Villier's 'Rehearsal.'
Phillips's 'Splendid shilling.' Fielding's 'Tom
Thumb the Great.' Carey's 'Namby Pamby and
Chrononhotonthologos.' Canning's 'Rovers.' Rhode's
'Bombastes Furioso.' Smith's 'Rejected addresses.'
Hood's 'Odes to great people.'
BURLS, Robert. Plan and Operations of the Essex
Congregational Union. 1848 Ref. 3346
=Burmah=: CLIFFORD, H. Further India. 1904 G=16522=
CUMING, E. D. In the shadow of the pagoda. 1893 G =7042=
HALL, H. F. Soul of a people. 1902 G=15227=
-- A people at school. 1906 G=16750=
MURRAY's Handbook for India, Burmah & Ceylon. '07 Ref. 3446
NISBET, J. Burma under British rule and before. 2 v. G=15413-14=
_Refer also to_ Manipur, Shan States.
BURN, R. S., _Ed._ Ornamental draughtsman and designer.
1892 E =7277=
BURNABY, E. Ride from Land's End to John o' Groats.
1893 4661
BURNABY, Fred. Ride to Khiva. 1877 G =176=, =1581=
BURNAND, Sir F. C. Happy thoughts. 1874 5609
In this the type of the body of the catalogue is the same in size as
the previous example (11-point), the contents under subject-heading
being in 8-point (brevier) take up less room. The catalogue contains
500 pages for 15,000 volumes.
WILSON (John) [_Christopher North_] Noctes ambrosianæ.
4 v.
_See also_ De Quincey (T.) Works. v. 16
-- Hall (S. C.) Book of memories. [1876]
WILSON (J. P.) Scriptural proofs. 1887
WILSON (R.) Steam boilers. 1879
WILSON (W.) Swimming instructor, _il._ 1883
=Wiltshire.=
Murray's Handbook for Wiltshire, _etc. map._ 1882
Worth (R. N.) Guide to Wiltshire, _map_. 1887
_Willert_ (P. F.) Henry of Navarre and the
Huguenots in France. _il._ 1893
WILLIAM I. Freeman (E. A.) William the Conqueror.
1888
Planche (J. R.) The Conqueror and his companions.
2 v.
WILLIAM II. Freeman (E. A.) Reign of William
Rufus. 2 v.
WILLIAM III. Traill (H. D.) William III. 1888
WILLIAM IV. Fitzgerald (P.) Life and times of
William IV. 2 v. 1884
Greville (C. C. F.) Journals. v. 2-3. 1888
Huish (R.) Life and reign of William IV. _il._
WILLIAM _of Malmesbury_. Chronicle of the kings of
England. [449-1142.] 1847
WILLIAMS (E. E.) "Made in Germany." 1896
There are other sizes of catalogues from a quarto to a duodecimo, so
far as the size of the pages is concerned, but the above examples
include all sizes of type that it is advisable to use; anything larger
than 11-point (small pica) being too large, and anything smaller than
6-point (nonpareil) is hardly readable. Brevier, or the nearest to
it, 8-point, is a useful and economical size, as examination of the
foregoing examples proves, and while it is comparatively small it must
be remembered that catalogues are merely looked at and not read through
in the ordinary meaning of the term.
The styles of types having been settled, it is customary to invite
tenders for the work from printing firms selected because of their
repute, experience, and ability to carry out such work. The possibility
of securing a satisfactory or economical piece of work is very remote
if it is open to all who choose to tender, even within a local area.
The cheapest tender obtained in this way frequently proves the dearest
in the end, to say nothing of the worry and vexation caused to the
librarian by people undertaking work they have not the material or
competence to execute properly. All firms must tender upon the same
basis, and therefore it is essential that a specification be prepared
for the purpose. The following is prepared for the style of printing
first mentioned (page 220), though it can be easily altered in this
and other respects to suit requirements. It is fairer to all concerned
if a specimen page is set up embodying the cataloguer's intentions and
all the styles of type it is proposed to use as nearly as possible in
the right proportions, though this is not of first-rate importance
if the various sizes to be used are separately priced and measured
up for payment at the completion of the work. It must be remembered
that though smaller type occupies less space it costs more to compose
than the larger. It is also an advantage to have some portion of the
manuscript ("copy") ready in order that a printer tendering may examine
it and judge of its nature if he so desires.
[_Specification for Printing._]
COUNTY BOROUGH OF BIBLIOVILLE.
Specification for Printing a Catalogue of the Public
Library.
The Committee of the Public Library invite tenders for printing a
catalogue of their Lending Library upon the following conditions:
_Edition and Size._--The edition to consist of three thousand
copies, royal octavo in size (not less than 9¼ by 6 when
bound).
NOTE.--The number of the edition depends entirely upon local
circumstances and probable sales. A library of 5,000 borrowers
will take about seven years to sell 3,500 copies of a catalogue
at 6d. per copy.
_Paper._--To be at least 32lbs. royal to the ream, of good
finish, white, uniform in tint throughout.
_Type and Setting._--8-point Old-style, with occasional small
capitals, italics, and Clarendon or antique, with 6-point
for subjects,[1] notes, and contents, and the proper
accented letters in foreign languages. To be set solid, two
columns to the page, seventy lines 8-point to the column
(apart from page-heading, which is to contain a title and
catch-word syllables), each fifteen ems wide, with double
division rules between. Turnover lines to be indented one
em, the repeat dash to be a one em rule, the class-letter
and number to stand clear four ems, the 6-point indent to
be two ems. Spaces between the end of the book-entry and
the class-letter to be filled with leaders. The type must
not be worn or broken, and must be free from wrong-founts.
The "copy" must be closely followed for the punctuation and
use of capitals.
[1] If the entries under subject-headings are to be in smaller type.
_Machining._--The sheets to be well worked in perfect register,
with good ink and uniform impression, afterwards rolling or
pressing if needed.
NOTE.--Good printers do not now need to hot press or roll the
sheets.
_Time._--From the first receipt of copy, the work to be
proceeded with at a rate of not less than two sheets of
sixteen pages each per week until completed [or in default
thereof the printer to pay a sum of two pounds per week as
damages.]
NOTE.--A penalty clause is optional; much depends upon the
printer, who may be very dilatory and use the work to fill up
with when not otherwise busy.
_Proofs._--Two copies of proof in galley and two copies of a
revise in page to be furnished for reading and correction.
The Librarian to have the right to demand a revise in
galley and such revises in page as he shall deem necessary.
No sheet to be sent to press until ordered by the
endorsement of the Librarian thereon.
_Additions and corrections._--The Librarian to have the right
to insert additional matter in galley but not in page
except as an author's correction. No extra charge to be
allowed for author's corrections unless pointed out and
priced at the time they are made.
_Number of pages._[2]--The number of pages is estimated to
be 250 more or less, but this is not guaranteed, and no
allowance will be made for any miscalculation in this
respect.
[2] An estimate made from the "copy" is liable to turn out wrong
when the work is in type, the tendency being to overstate the number
of pages, when the printer is within his rights, according to trade
usages, in claiming for profit upon the full number of pages upon which
his estimate is based; therefore it is wise to leave the matter open in
this way.
_Covers._--Three thousand covers to be printed upon coloured
paper of an approved tint, not less than 34lbs. to the ream
(royal). The front of this cover to be printed with the
title of the catalogue.
NOTE.--If the catalogue is not to be bound in boards, but is to
have paper covers only, the weight of the paper should be at
least 70lbs.
_Binding._--The whole edition is to be bound in good
strawboards of suitable thickness, with cloth strip backs,
and strongly sewn with thread, the covers being pasted on
the front and back and the whole cut flush. Fourteen days
will be allowed for binding after the last sheet has been
returned for the press.
_Delivery._--The catalogues when completed are to be securely
tied up in brown paper parcels of fifty each and delivered
to the Librarian at the Public Library.
_Tender._--The tender is to state the price per page for
8-point and for 6-point type respectively, this price to
be inclusive of all charges for press corrections, covers,
binding, and delivery as aforesaid. When completed the
work is to be measured up, and charges will be allowed
according to the quantity used of each of the above types.
Payment will be made within three months afterwards.
_Other conditions._--The work is to be executed to the entire
satisfaction of the Librarian, and if he is dissatisfied
with it in any respect he is authorised to stop the work
and refer the matter to the Library Committee for their
decision, which shall be final and binding.
_Contract._--The Committee may require the firm whose tender is
accepted to enter into a contract with the Borough Council
to carry out the work in accordance with this specification
and its conditions, and to give an undertaking that the
rate of wages paid and hours of labour observed are those
that are generally accepted as fair by the printing trades.
The Committee do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any tender.
Specimens of the kind of work required can be inspected at the
Librarian's office, where also the "copy" can be seen as far as ready.
Tenders, with samples of the papers proposed to be used, are to be sent
in sealed envelopes, endorsed "Catalogue," to reach the undersigned not
later than noon on the 5th day of November, 1913.
JOHN SMITH,
_Librarian_.
Public Library,
The Broadway,
Biblioville,
_20th October, 1913_.
The preliminaries having been settled, the work of printing is put in
hand by furnishing the printer with a supply of "copy," of say 100
sheets, duly marked for varieties of type and other details. In due
course the printer will send two or three copies of proofs printed in
single column on long strips of paper known as "galleys," with ample
margins on which to mark the corrections. The corrections are not
marked on the printed matter alone, but the nature of the correction
required is also marked in the margin. An assistant, possessing some
knowledge of the subject, should read out the "copy" slowly and
distinctly to the cataloguer, at the same time directing attention to
any peculiarities of spelling, punctuation, accented letters, and the
like. It is a very difficult task to correct the proofs by reference to
the "copy" without having it read aloud. Each galley having been once
read through should have the shelf numbers called again, as mistakes
in these cause most trouble. After this the cataloguer will be well
advised to read the galleys through carefully once more, apart from the
"copy," provided he can spare the time, and is not overwhelmed with
proofs by the printer. He should also mark the places for the insertion
of any additions, which are either written on the margins or, if large
in number, made into a new sheet of "copy," with a separate numbering
for each item, this numbering being used for marking the exact place
where it is to be inserted.
When the corrections are many, as they often are in the early stages
of the work before the compositor has got into the right way, it is
advisable to have "a revise" in galley--that is, an additional "pull"
after the corrections are made. Should the corrections be comparatively
few, the printer may safely be trusted to put them right, and a revise
in page form will suffice. This revise in page needs careful reading
for catch-letters and other page headings, and for the repetition of
authors' names and subject-headings when they are divided at the tops
of columns (or pages). This reading is done without the "copy," which,
once being read, is not needed again, except for reference.
Most catalogues are now set up on the Linotype or Monotype machines,
when it is as well to ascertain which of these machines is in use. By
the Linotype a single addition of a word or correction of a letter
involves the resetting of the whole line, possibly two, and the lines
must be re-read. Corrections on the Monotype are made by single pieces
in the ordinary way. It is essential in hand-setting to look out for
wrong founts, that is pieces of another size or style of type which
have been accidentally mixed up with that being used, and if printed
will mar the appearance. Broken and worn letters also should be marked
to be changed. Work on the type-setting machines is not so much subject
to these faults, though they are possible. The method of correcting a
proof and the signs used in the process are shown in Appendix A.
With the object of saving expense in the printing of new editions of
catalogues, some librarians are trying the experiment of keeping the
type standing and paying a small rental. The edition printed is then
not so large as usual, and when a new edition is required the type is
again used and the new additions inserted. An arrangement of this kind
requires that the original estimate shall include a price per page for
reprints with additions and for re-imposition. This attempt at economy
has not yet got beyond the experimental stage.
The storage of type until wanted for reprinting does not enter
into consideration where the Monotype setting machine is used, the
perforated paper rolls being easily filed away until required again;
though this is rather the concern of the printer than of the librarian.
We may conclude with the following quotation taken from the preface of
a library catalogue:--
"In the former catalogue it was said that 'It would seem to be
impossible to produce a catalogue absolutely free from errors
of compilation or the press, and some are already noted for
correction when the next edition is called for.' This statement
still holds good."
APPENDIX A1.
Specimen Page showing Marked Proof.
[Illustration:
LOISY, Alfred. The gospel and th|ə| church. ~@~
1903 =B 1517=
~é|~ LOLIÉE, Fr|e|déric. A short |H|istory of ~l.c.~
comp+¬a¬+rative literature. 1906 =H 2485= ~w.f.~
Lollards, The, of the Chiltern Hills.
Summers, W. H. 1906 =B 1652=
~s.c.~ L+ollis+, Cesare de. Vita di Cristoforo⏌ ~⏌~
Colombo. 1895 =I 5608=
~cap.~ Lombard +s+treet. Bagehot^ W. 1892 =C 401= ~,/~
Lombock. With the Dutch in |in| the East. ~₰~
Cool, W. 1897 =I 3978=
LOMÉNIE, Louis de. Beaumarchais and
~⊙~ his times. 4 v^ 1856 =I 5563-66=
LOMMEL, E. The nature of light. (+Int.+ ~ital.~
_scien. ser._) 1885 =E 108=
~trs.~ LONDON, Jack. The call[\the/of\]wild =K 2155=
~┣┫~ ^ A daughter of the |ṣṇọẉṣ| =K 5590= ~stet~
-- The people of the abyss. 1903 =C 1441=
~X~ The liv|e|s of^poor in London. ~the/~
~═══~ Lon+¬don¬+:--
_History and Descripti|e|n._ ~o/~
~l.c.~ Allbut, R. London |R|ambles with Cha|s|les ~r/~
Dickens, n.d. |I| =4157= ~║~
Apperson, G. L. By⁐gone London life. 1903 |I| =4732= ~⁐║~
Arundell, T. Historical reminiscences of the
City and its livery companies. 1869 =I 1404=
+boroughs+ _See also the names of |parishes| as_ Chelsea, Kensing^ ~-/~
ton, _of buildings as the_ Tower, Westminster
Abbey, |et|c.; _and of places as_ Charing +_Cross_+, ~&/rom.~
~#~ Hyde|Park, Ludgate Hill. &c.
_Social, &c. life._
"Dogberry^(Ed). Humours and oddities of the ~"/~
~□~ ^London police courts. 1894 =C 883=
Wynter, A. Curiosities of civilization, n.d. =H 2172=
LONG, A. L. Memoirs of \(General] ~[/~
~︶̍~ Robert E.+:+ Lee. 1886 =I 2259=
Long exile, The. Tolsto|y|, Count =J 1875= ~ï/~]
[Illustration:
~s.c.~ Small capitals.
~cap~ Capital.
~⊙~ Full stop to be inserted.
~trs.~ Transpose.
~|--|~ Insert a dash.
~X~ Broken or worn letter.
~═══~ Alignment to be straightened.
~l.c.~ Change capital to lower case (i.e. small letter).
~#~ Space to be inserted.
~□~ Indent (one em).
~︶̍~ Push down space showing.
~@~ A turned letter.
~w.f.~ Wrong fount (the letter is of the wrong type).
~⏌~ Space out to gauge.
~,/~ Insert a comma.
~₰~ Delete; remove letters or words.
~ital.~ Italic to be used.
~stet~ Word not to be altered.
~║~ Straighten perpendicularly.
~⁐~ Join letters to make one word.
~-/~ A hyphen to be inserted.
~rom.~ Change from italic to roman.
~"/~ Insert quotation mark.
~[/~ Substitute a bracket.
~N.P.~ Commence new paragraph.]
APPENDIX A3. =B 1517=
Specimen Page Corrected.
LOISY, Alfred. The gospel and the church.
1903
LOLIÉE, Frédéric. A short history of
comparative literature. 1906 =H 2485=
Lollards, The, of the Chiltern Hills.
Summers, W. H. 1906 =B 1652=
LOLLIS, Cesare de. Vita di Cristoforo
Colombo. 1895 =I 5608=
Lombard Street. Bagehot, W. 1892 =C 401=
Lombock. With the Dutch in the East.
Cool, W. 1897 =I 3978=
LOMÉNIE, Louis de. Beaumarchais and
his times. 4 v. 1856 =I 5563-66=
LOMMEL, E. The nature of light. (_Int.
scien. ser._) 1885 =E 108=
LONDON, Jack. The call of the wild =K 2155=
-- A daughter of the snows =K 5590=
-- The people of the abyss. 1903 =C 1441=
The lives of the poor in London.
=London=:--
_History and Description._
Allbut, R. London rambles with Charles
Dickens, n.d. =I 4157=
Apperson, G. L. Bygone London life. 1903 =I 4732=
Arundell, T. Historical reminiscences of the
City and its livery companies. 1869 =I 1404=
_See also the names of boroughs as_ Chelsea,
Kensington, _of buildings as the_ Tower, Westminster
Abbey, &c., _and of places as_ Charing Cross, Hyde
Park, Ludgate Hill, &c.
"Dogberry" (_Ed._). Humours and oddities of the
London police courts. 1894 =C 883=
Wynter, A. Curiosities of civilization, n.d. =H 2172=
LONG, A. L. Memoirs of [General]
Robert E. Lee. 1886 =I 2259=
Long exile, The. Tolstoï, Count =J 1875=
APPENDIX B.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
The following are some of the words most frequently used in connection
with books and in cataloguing, with suitable abbreviations. All
abbreviations must be used guardedly and with discretion, so that they
cannot be confused with other words, and are self-explanatory with the
context. For a full list see a useful book, "Author and Printer," by F.
Howard Collins (Frowde).
About (_circa_) _c._ (with a date following)
Account acct.
Advertisements advts.
Ancient anc.
Anonym, Anonymous anon.
Archbishop Archbp., Abp.
Atlas atl.
Ausgabe Ausg.
Band (_German for volume_) Bd.
Bibliography, Bibliographical bibliog.
Biography, biographical biog.
Bishop Bp.
Book, Books bk., bks.
Born b.
Calf (_in binding_) cf.
Cardinal Card.
Century cent.
Chapter, Chapters chap., chaps.
Cloth cl.
Colonel Col.
Coloured col.
Company co.
Compiled, Compiler comp.
Complete compl.
Continued contd.
County co.
Crown (_in book sizes_) cr.
Demy dy.
Dictionary dict.
Died d.
Duodecimo 12º, 12mo., duo.
East E.
Economy econ.
Edited, Editor, Edition ed.
Editors, Editions eds.
England, English Eng.
Enlarged enl.
Explanation, Explanatory explan.
Facsimile facs.
Folio fº
Folios ff.
Frontispiece frontis. _or_ front.
Gilt edges g.e.
Great Britain Gt. Brit.
Half (_in binding_) hf. (_as_ hf. cf.)
Handbook hdbk.
Herausgegeben hrsg. _or_ herausg.
Historical, History hist.
Illustrator, Illustrated, illus.
Illustrations
Imperial (_in book sizes_) imp.
Including, Inclusive incl.
International internat.
Introduction, Introductory intro.
Large la.
Large paper l.p.
Leaves ll.
Lectures lecs.
Library lib.
Literary, Literature lit.
Manuscript MS.
Manuscripts MSS.
Modern mod.
Morocco (_in binding_) mor.
New edition n.e. _or_ new ed.
New series n.s. _or_ new ser.
New Testament N.T.
No date n.d., N.D., _or_ s.a. (sine anno)
No place (of publication) n.pl.
No date or place s.a. et l.
No title-page n.t.-p.
North N.
Number, Numbers no., nos.
Oblong obl.
Octavo 8º, 8vo, O.
Old Testament O.T.
Original orig.
Out of print o.p.
Pages pp.
Pamphlet, Pamphlets pamph. _or_ phlt., phlts.
Parliamentary parly. (_as_ parly. paper)
Part, Parts pt., pts.
Plate, Plates pl., pls.
Portrait, Portraits port., ports.
Preface, prefatory pref.
Preliminary prelim.
Printed, Printer pr.
Privately printed priv. pr.
Proceedings proc.
Professor Prof.
Pseudonym, Pseudonymous pseud. _or_ ps.
Published pubd.
Quarto 4º, 4to, Q.
Re-edited re-ed.
Reference ref.
Reprint, Reprinted repr.
Reproduction, Reproduced reprod.
Reverend Rev.
Revised rev.
Royal (_in book sizes_) roy.
Saint St.
Sequel seq.
Series ser.
Sextodecimo 16º, 16mo.
Small (_in book sizes_) sm.
Society soc. (_names of Societies as_
Royal Soc.)
South S.
Super (_in book sizes_) sup.
Supplement suppl.
Thus (_sic_) _inserted to mark mistakes
or peculiarities_.
Title-page wanting t.-p.w.
Traduit, Tradotto trad.
Translator, Translated transl. _or_ tr.
United Kingdom U.K.
United States U.S.A.
University Univ.
Various dates v.d.
Vocabulary vocab.
Volume, Volumes v. _or_ vol.
Von, Van v.
With w. _as_ w. col. illus. (with
coloured illustrations).
Places of publication (specimen abbreviations):--
Birmingham B'ham.
Cambridge Camb.
Dublin Dub.
Edinburgh Edin.
Glasgow Glasg.
Liverpool L'pool.
Manchester M'chester.
New York N.Y.
Oxford Oxf.
Philadelphia Philad.
APPENDIX C.
A short list of pseudonyms with the real names,
including women authors whose names are changed
by marriage:--
PSEUDONYM. REAL NAME.
A.L.O.E. Charlotte M. Tucker
Acheta Domestica L. M. Budgen
Ackworth, John F. R. Smith
Adams, Mrs. Leith Mrs. R. S. de Courcy Laffan
Adeler, Max Charles H. Clark
Agnus, Orme John C. Higginbotham
Aimard, Gustave Olivier Gloux
Ainslie, Noel Edith Lister
Alexander, Mrs. Annie F. Hector
Alien Mrs. L. A. Baker
Allen, F. M. Edmund Downey
Amateur Angler, The Edward Marston
Amyand, Arthur Andrew Haggard
Andom, R. Alfred W. Barrett
Angell, Norman R. Norman A. Lane
Annunzio, Gabriele d' Gaetano Rapagnetto
Anstey, F. Thos. Anstey Guthrie
Argles, Mrs. Mrs. Hungerford
Aubrey, Frank Francis H. Atkinson
Audley, John Mrs. E. M. Davy
Aunt Judy Mrs. Margaret Gatty
Aunt Naomi Gertrude A. Landa
Ayscough, John F. D. Bickerstaffe Drew
B., A. K. H. A. K. H. Boyd
B., E. V. Eleanor V. Boyle
Barker, Lady Lady Broome
Basil Richard Ashe King
Bede, Cuthbert Edward Bradley
Belgian Hare, The Lord Alfred Douglas
Bell, Nancy Mrs. Arthur Bell
Belloc, Marie A. Mrs. Belloc Lowndes
Bentzon, Th. Thérèse Blanc
Bickerdyke, John C. H. Cook
Billings, Josh Henry W. Shaw
Bird, Isabella L. Mrs. I. L. Bishop
Birmingham, George A. James O. Hannay
Blackburne, E. Owens Elizabeth Casey
Boldrewood, Rolf Thos. A. Browne
Bovet, M. A. de Marquise de Bois Hébert
Bowen, Marjorie Gabrielle V. M. Campbell
Brada Comtesse Puliga
Braddon, M. E. Mrs. Maxwell
Breitmann, Hans Charles G. Leland
Brenda Mrs. Castle Smith
Buckley, Arabella B. Mrs. Fisher
Burnett, Frances Hodgson Mrs. H. Townesend
Caballero, Fernan Cecilia Boehl de Faber
Cambridge, Ada Mrs. G. F. Cross
Carmen, Sylva Elisabeth, _Queen of Roumania_
Carroll, Lewis Charles L. Dodgson
Cassidy, James Mrs. E. M. Story
Cavendish Henry Jones
Cellarius Thos. W. Fowle
Champfleury Jules F. F. Husson-Fleury
Chester, Norley Emily Underdown
Christian, Sydney M. L. Lord
Clare, Austin W. M. James
Cleeve, Lucas Mrs. H. Kingscote
Cobbleigh, Tom Walker Raymond
Collingwood, Harry Wm. J. C. Lancaster
Colmore, George Mrs. Baillie Weaver
Connor, Marie Marie C. Leighton
Connor, Ralph Charles W. Gordon
Conrad, Joseph Joseph C. Korzeniowski
Conway, Derwent Henry D. Inglis
Conway, Hugh F. J. Fargus
Conway, James Jas. Conway Walter
Coo-ee Wm. S. Walker
Coolidge, Susan Sarah C. Woolsey
Cooper, Rev. Wm. M. James G. Bertram
Corthis, André _Mdlle._ Husson
Craddock, C. E. Mary N. Murfree
Crawley, Captain G. F. Pardon
Cromarty, Deas Mrs. R. A. Watson
Coulevain, Pierre de _Mdlle._ F. de Coulevain
Counties, Home J. W. K. Scott
Dale, Darley Francesca M. Steele
Dall, Guillaume Madame Jules Lebaudy
Danby, Frank Julia Frankau
D'Anvers, N. Mrs. Arthur Bell
Dean, Mrs. Andrew Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick
Dehan, Richard Clotilde Graves
Donovan, Dick J. E. Preston Muddock
Douglas, George Geo. D. Brown
Douglas, O. Miss Buchan
Douglas, Theo Mrs. H. D. Everett
Dowie, Ménie M. Mrs. E. A. Fitzgerald
Duncan, Sara J. Mrs. Everard Cotes
Ecilaw, Ary Comtesse Czapska
Egerton, George Mrs. R. Golding Bright
Eha Edward H. Aitken
Eliot, George Mary Anne Evans (afterwards Mrs. Cross)
Elbon, Barbara Leonora B. Halsted
Elizabeth, Charlotte Charlotte E. Tonna
Ellis, Luke J. Page Hopps
Fairless, Michael Margaret Fairless Barber
Falconer, Lanoe Mary E. Hawker
Fane, Violet Lady Philip Currie
Farningham, Marianne Mary A. Hearne
Ferval, Claude Baronne de Pierrebourg
Field, Michael Misses Bradley and Cooper
Fin Bec W. B. Jerrold
Fleming, George Julia C. Fletcher
Flynt, Josiah Frank Willard
Foreman Pattern-Maker, A J. G. Horner
Forester, George George Greenwood
Fowler, Edith A. Mrs. R. Hamilton
Fowler, Ellen Thornycroft Mrs. A. L. Felkin
France, Anatole Anatole François Thibault
Francis, M. E. Mrs. M. Blundell
Francis, R. E. Frances Poynter
Free Lance, A. F. H. Perrycoste
Freer, Martha W. Mrs. M. W. Robinson
Frost, George Mrs. S. Eddison
G. G. -- Harper
Garrett, Edward Isabella F. Mayo
Gaunt, Mary Mrs. Lindsay Miller
Gerard, Dorothea Mdme. Longard de Longgarde
Gerard, Emily Mdme. de Laszowska
Gerard, Morice J. Jessop Teague
Gerrare, Wirt W. O. Greener
Gift, Theo. Dorothy H. Boulger
Grand, Sarah Mrs. M'Fall
Gray, Maxwell M. G. Tuttiett
Green, Anna K. Mrs. C. Rohlfs
Grey, Rowland Lilian R. Brown
Grier, Sydney C. Hilda Gregg
Gréville, Henry Alice M. C. Durand
Grove, Lilly Mrs. J. G. Frazer
Gubbins, Nathaniel Edward Spencer
Gyp Comtesse de Martel de Janville
Haliburton, Hugh J. L. Robertson
Hall, Eliza Calvert Lina C. Obenchain
Hamel, Frank Miss F. Hamel
Hamst, Olphar Ralph Thomas
Hay, Ian J. A. Beith
Hay, Marie Baroness von Hindenburg
Hare, Christopher Mrs. Andrews
Hayes, Henry Mrs. E. O. Kirk
Heddle, Ethel F. Mrs. W. Marshall
Hegan, Alice C. Mrs. A. C. Rice
Henry, O. Sydney Porter
Hertz-Garten, Theodor Mrs. de Mattos
Hickson, Mrs. Murray Mrs. S. Kitcat
Hieover, Harry Charles Bindley
Hill, Headon F. Grainger
Hilliers, Ashton H. M. Wallis
Hobbes, John Oliver Mrs. Pearl M. T. Craigie
Hoffmann, Professor A. J. Lewis
Holcombe, Arnold Arnold Golsworthy
Holdsworth, Annie Mrs. E. Lee Hamilton
Holland, Clive C. J. Hankinson
Hope, Andrée Mrs. Harvey
Hope, Anthony Anthony H. Hawkins
Hope, Ascott R. Robt. H. Moncreiff
Hope, Graham Jessie Hope
Hope, Laurence Violet Nicholson
Hopper, Nora Mrs. Chesson
Houville, Gérard d' Mde. H. de Regnier
Howard, Keble Keble Bell
Hume, Martin A. S. Martin A. Sharp
Ingoldsby, Thomas Richard H. Barham
Intelligence Officer Lionel James
Iota Kathleen Caffyn
Iron, Ralph Mrs. O. Cronwright-Schreiner
Ironside, John E. M. Tait
Jacberns, Raymond Georgina M. I. Ash
Jacomb, A. E. A. E. Jacomb Hood
James, Croake James Paterson
Janus Johann J. I. von Döllinger
Joubert, Carl Adolphus W. C. Grottey
K., O. Mdme. Olga Novikoff (née Kireff)
Keith, Leslie Mrs. G. L. Keith Johnston
King, K. Douglas Mrs. Godfrey Burr
Kipling, Alice Mrs. Fleming
L., L. E. Letitia E. MacLean (née Landon)
La Pasture, Mrs. H. de Lady Hugh Clifford
Laffan, May Mrs. W. N. Hartley
Larwood, Jacob L. R. Sadler
Laurence, A. St. Alfred L. Felkin
Law, John Miss M. E. Harkness
Layland, F. Mrs. Francis Barratt
Leander, Richard R. Volkmann
Lee, Holme Harriet Parr
Lee, Vernon Violet Paget
Legrand, Martin James Rice
Lennox Lennox Pierson
Lenotre, G. Théodore Gosselin
Lesueur, Daniel Jeanne Loiseau
Lévi, Eliphas Alphonse L. Constant
Lindsay, Harry H. Lindsay Hudson
London, John o' Wilfred Whitten
Loti, Pierre Louis M. J. Viaud
Lucka, Sydney Henry Harland
Lyall, Edna Ada E. Bayly
Lys, Christian Percy J. Brebner
Maartens, Maarten J. M. W. van der Poorten Schwartz
McAulay, Allan Charlotte Stewart
Maclaren, Ian John M. Watson
Macleod, Fiona William Sharp
Main, Mrs. Mrs. Aubrey Le Blond
Malet, Lucas Mrs. M. St. L. Harrison (née Kingsley)
Mansergh, Jessie Mrs. G. de H. Vaizey
Marchant, Bessie Mrs. J. A. Comfort
Markham, Mrs. Mrs. Eliz. Penrose
Marlitt, E. Henriette F. C. E. John
Marlowe, Charles Harriet Jay
Marryat, Florence Mrs. F. Lean
Marvell, Ik. Donald G. Mitchell
Mathers, Helen Mrs. H. Reeve
Meade, L. T. Mrs. Toulmin Smith
Melville, Lewis Lewis S. Benjamin
Meredith, Isabel Olivia F. M. Rossetti
Meredith, Owen Earl Lytton
Merriman, Henry Seton H. S. Scott
Miles, Amber Mrs. Cobden Sickert
Miles, Walker E. S. Taylor
Miller, Joaquin C. H. Miller
Mimosa Mrs. M. Chan Toon
Montbard, G. Charles A. Loyes
Montgomery, K. L. Kathleen and Letitia Montgomery
Morris, May Mrs. Sparling
Mulholland, Rosa Lady Gilbert
Nesbit, E. Edith Bland (Mrs. Hubert Bland)
Nimrod C. J. Apperley
Nordau, Max M. S. Südfeld
North, Christopher Prof. John Wilson
North, Laurence J. D. Symon
North, Pleydell Mrs. Egerton Eastwick
Novalis Friedrich von Hardenburg
Nye, Bill E. W. Nye
Old Boomerang J. R. Houlding
Oldcastle, John Wilfred Meynell
Oliver, Pen Sir Henry Thompson
Optic, Oliver Wm. T. Adams
Orczy, Baroness Mrs. Montagu Barstow
O'Rell, Max Paul Blouët
Otis, James J. O. Kaler
Ouida Louise de la Ramée
Owen, J. A. Mrs. Owen Visger
Oxenham, John W. A. Dunkerley
Page, H. A. Alex H. Japp
Palmer, Wm. Scott Mrs. M. E. Dowson
Pansy Isabella M. Alden
Parallax Samuel B. Robotham
Parley, Peter Wm. Martin
Paston, George Miss E. M. Symonds
Pattison, Mrs. Mark Lady E. F. S. Dilke
Paull, M. A. Mrs. John Ripley
Percy, Sholto and Reuben Joseph C. Robertson and Thomas Byerley
Phelps, Eliz. S. Mrs. H. D. Ward
Pilgrim Mrs. W. P. Browne
Plain Woman, A. Miss Ingham
Prescott, E. Livingston Edith K. Spicer-Jay
Prevost, Francis H. F. P. Battersby
Pritchard, Martin J. Justina Moore
Prout, Father F. Mahony
Q. Sir A. T. Quiller Couch
Raimond, C. E. Elisabeth Robins
Raine, Allen Mrs. P. Puddicombe
Rapier A. E. T. Watson
Rayner, Olive Pratt Grant Allen
Reed, Myrtle Mrs. McCullough
Rhoscomyl, Owen Owen Vaughan
Ridley, Mrs. Edward Lady Alice Ridley
Rita Mrs. W. Desmond Humphreys
Rives, Amélie Princess Troubetzky
Robert ("A City Waiter") John T. Bedford
Robins, G. M. Mrs. L. Baillie Reynolds
Robinson, A. Mary F. Mde. A. M. F. Darmesteter
Rogers, Halliday Miss Reid
Rosny, J. H. Les frères Boex
Ross, Adrian Arthur R. Ropes
Ross, Martin Violet Martin
Roy, Gordon Helen Wallace
Rutherford, Mark W. Hale White
Ruthven, E. C. Miss Coleman
Ryce, John Alice M. Browne
St. Aubyn, Alan Frances Marshall
Saint-Patrice James H. Hickey
Saintine, X. B. de Joseph N. Boniface
Saki H. H. Munro
Sand, George A. L. Dudevant
Scalpel, Æsculapius Edward Berdoe
Scott, Leader Lucy E. Baxter
Seafield, Frank Alex. H. Grant
Sedgwick, Anne D. Mrs. B. de Sélincourt
Séguin, L. G. L. G. Strahan
Serao, Matilde Mde. E. Scarfoglio
Setoun, Gabriel Thos. N. Hepburn
Sharp, Luke Robert Barr
Shaw, Flora L. Lady Lugard
Shirley Sir John Skelton
Sigerson, Dora Mrs. Clement Shorter
Sinjohn, John John Galsworthy
Sketchley, Arthur Geo. Rose
Slick, Sam T. C. Haliburton
Son of the Marshes, A Denham Jordan
Son of the Soil, A J. S. Fletcher
Spinner, Alice Mrs. A. Z. Fraser
Stendhal, M. de Marie Henri Beyle
Stepniak, S. S. M. Kravchinsky
Stonehenge John H. Walsh
Strathesk, John John Tod
Stretton, Hesba Hannah Smith
Stuart, Esmé Miss Leroy
Swan, Annie S. Mrs. Burnett Smith
Swift, Benjamin Wm. R. Paterson
Tallentyre, S. G. Beatrice Hall
Tasma Madame J. Couvreur
Thackeray, Anne I. Lady A. I. Ritchie
Thanet, Octave Alice French
Thirlmere, Rowland John Walker
Thomas, Annie Mrs. Pender Cudlip
Thorne, Guy C. Ranger Gull
Thorne, Whyte Richard Whiteing
Tomson, Graham R. Rosamund M. Watson
Travers, Graham Margt. G. Todd
Turner, Ethel Mrs. H. R. Curlewis
Turner, Lilian Mrs. F. L. Thompson
Twain, Mark Samuel L. Clemens
Tynan, Katharine Mrs. H. A. Hinkson
Tytler, Sarah Henrietta Keddie
Uncle Remus Joel C. Harris
Vados Agnes Farley
Vernon, K. Dorothea K. D. Ewart
Vivaria, Kassandra Mrs. M. Heinemann
Wakeman, Annie Mrs. Annie Lathrop
Walker, Patricius Wm. Allingham
Wallis, A. S. C. Miss Opzoomer
Wanderer E. H. d'Avigdor
Warborough, Martin L. Grant Allen
Ward, Artemus Chas. F. Browne
Warden, Florence Mrs. Florence James
Wardle, Jane Oliver M. Hueffer
Waters Wm. Russell
Weale, B. L. Putnam Bertram L. Simpson
Webb, Mrs. Mrs. Webb Peploe
Wells, Charles J. H. L. Howard
Wentworth, Patricia Mrs. G. F. Dillon
Werner, E. Elisabeth Bürstenbinder
Weston, James Edward Step
Wetherell, Eliz. Susan Warner
Wharton, Grace and Philip John C. and Katharine Thomson
Whitby, Beatrice Mrs. Philip Hicks
Wiggin, Kate D. Mrs. J. C. Rigg
Wilcox, E. G. Mrs. Egerton Allen
Wilkins, Louisa Louisa Jebb
Wilkins, Mary E. Mrs. M. E. Freeman
Williams, F. Harold F. W. O. Warde
Winchester, M. E. M. E. Whatham
Winter, John Strange Mrs. H. E. V. Stannard
Woodroffe, Daniel Mrs. J. C. Woods
Worboise, Emma J. Mrs. E. Guyton
York, Curtis Mrs. S. Richmond Lee
Z. Z. Louis Zangwill
Zack. Gwendoline Keats
INDEX.
Abbreviations, 68, 82, 84, 87;
list of, 239-241
Academical degrees, 49, 63
Academies, 97
Acts of Parliament, 103
Additions to entries not on title-pages, 53
Alignment of title-pages marking, 132
Alphabetical order. _See_ Order of arrangement.
Alphabetico-classed catalogues, 13;
questions answered by, 22;
its defects, 27;
defined, 31
America, Library cataloguing in, 8
American Library Association Rules, 14
Annotated editions, 193
Annotations, qualifications of authors, 49;
explanatory of foreign book titles, 85;
to works of fiction, 204;
to mark sequels, 207;
in quarterly, &c., guides, 209;
advantage of classified catalogue for, 209;
dictionary catalogues, 209;
general considerations, 209-211;
examples, 211-212;
bibliographical, 213
Annuals, 197
Anonymous books, 175;
to discover author's name, 175;
method of entry, 176;
if author revealed, 177;
heading of "Anon," 178;
"By the author of --", 179;
initials, 180-184
Arabic figures, 40
Articles, The, in titles of books, 65, 123, 124;
omission of, in title-entries, 123, 173, 178;
in French title-entries, 126
Artists considered jointly with authors, 80;
names, 146
Associations, 107
Author catalogues, Questions answered by, 22;
defined, 29
Author-entry, 33;
turning about of authors' names, 49, 50;
authors with similar names, 63;
books _by_ and _on_, 74, 75, 120;
authors of anonymous books, 177, 178.
_See also_ Names, Personal. Joint-authors.
Barrett, Mr. F. T., 27
Bengali names, 154
Bible, The, 185-187;
commentaries, 187-191;
classified catalogue, 191
Bibliographical details, 39
Biographical dictionaries, 37-38
Biographical works in the classified catalogue, 121
Birmingham Public Library, 12
Bishops, 62
Bishopsgate Institute catalogues, 209
"Book," Meaning of, 41
Books with changed titles, 208
Boston Athenæum Library catalogue, 14
Boston Public Library, 10
Brackets, Use of, 53, 177, 182
British Museum catalogue, 3;
British Museum rules, 7;
Royal Commission of 1850, 7;
Catalogue of Printed Books, 17;
Fortescue's Subject-index, 27-29;
order of information in entries tabulated, 42;
rule for social titles, 64;
method of cataloguing publications of societies, 97;
and Oriental names, 153
Brown, Mr. James D., on classifications, 17
"By the author of --," 179-180
Canonized persons, 140-141
Capital letters, Use of, 64-66, 120;
for emphasis in titles, 170
Card catalogues, 33
Carlyle, Thomas, on catalogues, 4
Cataloguer, The qualifications of a, 3
Catalogues, Kinds of, 3;
the need for, 4;
value of, not according to size, 4;
of new libraries, 5;
necessity for good catalogues, 5;
cannot be haphazard, 6;
the needs of those for whom prepared, 19;
form to be fixed, 19;
difficulty of changing, 19;
to suit the public catered for, 20;
information catalogues should give, 21;
dictionary _v._ classified, 23;
various forms defined, 29-31;
details in catalogue entries, 39;
order of details tabulated, 41-43;
condensed entries, 43;
omissions in sub-entries, 44;
cost of printing, 219.
_See also_ Alphabetico-classed. Classified. Dictionary.
Cataloguing, Mistaken ideas about, 1;
Prof. Fiske on, 2;
difficulties of, 2;
over-cataloguing, 5;
history of modern, 7 _et seq._;
troublesome and expensive, 25;
stationery required, 32
Cataloguing rules, 6;
the study of, 32;
need for, 6, 9, 32;
Panizzi's British Museum rules, 8-9;
Jewett's rules, 10;
Crestadoro's plan, 10;
index-form, 11;
Cutter's rules, 14;
Joint-code of L.A. and A.L.A., 14;
Dziatzko's _Instruction_, 15;
Linderfelt's Eclectic rules, 15;
some simple, direct rules, 214-216
Changed names, 37, 111, 112
Chelsea Public Library, 157
Chinese names, 157
Christian or forenames, 35, 36;
confusion arising from same initials, 46;
to be kept in the vernacular, 76;
persons entered by, 132-147;
of monarchs, 135;
of women authors, 173;
contractions, 194
Civil distinctions, 64
Class lists defined, 30
Classical authors, 128-130
Classics, Title-entries for, 200
Classification, Dewey's Decimal, 16;
Brown's Adjustable, 17;
Cutter's Expansive, 17
Classified catalogues, Dewey classification and, 16;
questions answered by, 22;
Cutter on its advantages, 23;
and disadvantages, 24;
its cost, 25;
indexes to, 25;
early catalogues, 25;
and "open access," 25;
defined, 30;
marking the entry, 45;
curtailed entry, 46;
index entries, 46 _et seq._;
"contents" in index entries, 72;
society publications, 100;
biographies, 121;
works of fiction, 125;
monarchs, 133, 136;
popes, 137;
annotations in, 209
Collations, 39, 40;
explanations of, 50, 118;
omitted as an economy, 123
Collected works, Cataloguing of, 76
Collier, J. Payne, 8
Colophon, 39
"Colour" books, 80
Commentaries, 193
Compilers, 194
Composers, Music, 89
Composite books, 58, 62
Compound personal names, 110-117, 127
Compound place-names, 105
Concordances, 194
Condensation of entries, 44, 45, 123, 158
Congresses and conferences, 108
Contents of miscellaneous works, Setting-out of, 72, 75;
of music, 92
Co-operative cataloguing, 9
Corporate publications, 71
Correspondence, Writers in, 53
Cost of catalogues, 25, 219
County antiquarian societies, 98
Courtesy titles, 149
Crestadoro, A., 10
Cutter, C. A., Rules for a dictionary catalogue, 14;
order of information in entries, 42;
on the advantages and disadvantages of the classified catalogue, 23-24;
and of the dictionary catalogue, 25-27
Dashes, Repetition, 170
Dates of author's birth and death, 36;
dates of reigns, 136
Dates of publication, 39, 40, 44;
added, 68;
to music, 94;
to works of fiction, 123
"De," "de la," "du" in British names, 122;
in French names, 125-127
Definitions of styles of catalogues, 29
Dewey's, Mr. M., Decimal classification, 16;
applied, 45 _et seq._
Dictionary catalogue, Early forms, 11-13;
questions it will answer, 22;
advantages and disadvantages, 25-27;
systematic, 29;
defined, 30;
annotations, 209
Directories, 197-198
Distinctions, Social, 64
Double entry for subjects, 151
Doubleday, Mr. W. E., 27, 209
Dramatic works, 214
Dziatzko, Prof., 15
Ecclesiastical titles, 62, 64
Economies in entries, 53, 59, 75, 77, 81, 123, 139
Editions, Collections of, 77
Editors' references, 54, 193;
essays under editor's name, 67
Edwards, Edward, 8
"Entry-reference," 107
Essays, Volumes of, by various authors, 66 _et seq._;
by one author, 78;
form-entry, 214
Exhibitions, Publications of, 107
Family names of noblemen, 148-150
Fiction, Works of, Title-entries, 115;
in the classified catalogue, 117, 125;
in the dictionary catalogue, 115, 125;
dates of publication, 123;
fact in, 203;
in guise of serious literature, 203;
subject-entries for, 204-206;
cataloguing of, 206;
in series, 206-208;
with familiar titles, 208
Figures (numerals) in dates, 40;
in titles of books, 56, 87;
in titles of monarchs, 135
First-name entries, 132-147
First-word entry for anonymous books, 176, 177
Fiske, Prof. John, on cataloguing, 1
Foreign names, varieties of, 110
Foreign terms for subject-headings, 203
Form headings, 74, 213;
fiction, 115
Fortescue's, G. K., _Subject Index to the British Museum
Catalogue_, 27-29
French fiction in series, 206
French names, compound, 114, 127;
with prefixes, 125
Friars, 141
Garden books, 183
Geographical headings, 105
Goss, Mr. C. W. F., 209
Government publications, 101-107
Greek and Latin authors, 128-130
Handwriting, 33
"Heading," 44. _See also_ Subject-headings.
Hebrew names, 159
History in fiction, 203
Honours lists, 64
Hyphens in compound names, 112
Illustrated books, 80
Illustrations (in collations), 39, 118
Impartiality, 209-210
Imprint, 39
Index-entry catalogues, 11, 35
Index entries to classified catalogue, 46 _et seq._
Indexing contents of miscellaneous volumes, 71-79;
of music, 92-93;
co-operative indexes, 95
Indian names, 153
Initials of authors' names, Confusion arising from, demonstrated, 46;
covering name of author (anonymous books), 180-185;
covering titles or degrees, 183;
covering a pseudonym, 184
Institutions, Publications of, 107
Japanese names, 156, 159
Jewett, Prof. Charles C., 9
Jewish rabbis, 159
Joint-authors, Method of treatment, 48 _et seq._;
writers in correspondence, 53;
husband and wife, 55, 172;
three and more, 58;
authors and illustrators, 80
Joint-code (L.A. and A.L.A.), 15;
order of information tabulated, 42;
and noblemen, 148;
and pseudonyms, 161
Jones, John Winter, 8
Koran, The, 192
Legal publications, 103
Library Association rules, 14;
and A.L.A. rules (Joint-code), 15;
order of information in entries, 42;
and noblemen, 148;
and pseudonyms, 161
Library useless without good catalogue, 4
Libretti, Writers of, 90
Linderfelt's _Eclectic Card Catalog Rules_, 15;
and Oriental titles, 156
Linotype, Printing by, 219, 234
Liverpool Public Library, 12
Local Government publications, 105
London as place of publication, 39
London Library catalogues, 18;
contractions, 51;
names of queens, 136;
Oriental names, 155;
women's names, 174;
for anonymous books, 175
Magazines, 195
Main entry. _See_ Principal entry.
Manchester Public Libraries, 11, 120
Maori names, 160
Married women. _See_ Women.
Mediæval writers, 142, 147
Military, &c., distinctions, 64
Minto, Mr. John, 15
Monarchs, 132
Monotype, Printing by, 219, 234, 235
Mottoes of title-pages, 38
Mullins, J. D., 12
Music, Translation of title-pages, 88;
the cataloguing of, 89-94
Names, Personal, Surnames, 34;
full names, 35, 36, 119;
initials, 35;
varieties used by a single writer, 36;
works of reference for full names, 37;
in sub-entries, 44, 45;
confusion owing to use of initials alone, 46;
to be kept in the vernacular, 76, 111;
English compound names, 110-114;
foreign compound names, 114-116, 127;
changed names, 37, 111, 112;
names with prefixes, 117-128;
monarchs and princes, 132-136;
popes, 137;
saints, 140;
friars, 141;
mediæval writers, 142, 147;
artists, 146;
noblemen, 148;
Orientals, 153;
pseudonyms, 161;
married women, 171;
husband and wife, 172.
_See also_ Christian names.
Newspapers, 195
Noblemen, 148-151
Notes, Descriptive, in catalogues. _See_ Annotations.
Novels. _See_ Fiction.
Numbers, Transcription of, 40, 56, 87, 135
Official publications, 101 _et seq._
Omissions indicated, 38
"Open access" system, 17;
classified catalogues and, 25
Order of arrangement of entries, official publications, 104;
works in original and translations, 117;
names with prefixes, 118, 119, 122;
books _by_ and _on_, 74, 120;
the articles in, 124;
of monarchs, 135;
apostles, saints, &c., 146;
joint-authors, 172;
initials for authors' names, 182, 184;
Bible, 185-186;
fiction in series, 206-207
Order of information in entries tabulated, 41-43
Oriental names, 16, 153-159
Pages, Number of, &c. ("collation"), 39, 40
Panizzi, Sir Anthony, 8
Parentheses, Names in, 34
Parliament, Acts of, 103
Parsee names, 154
Peerage, 63, 64
Periodicals, 195; indexes to, 95
Places of publication, 39, 40;
abbreviations, 51
Places with compound names, 105
Poetical works, 74, 214
Popes, 137
Popular terms for subject-headings, 202
Potentates, 132
Prefaces, Writers of, 116
Prefixes, Names with, 117-128
Principal entry, 33 _et seq._
Printer's name (imprint), 39
Printing of catalogues:
preparation of the manuscript, 217;
marking for type, 218;
"get-up" and cost, 25, 218-20;
illustrative examples of styles of type, 220-227;
table of types, 223;
tenders, 228;
specification, 229-232;
reading of proofs, 233-234;
type "kept standing," 234;
markings in proof correcting illustrated, 236-238
Professorships, 49
Pseudonyms _v._ real names, 161;
method of distinguishing pseudonyms, 162;
references, 163;
both names, 163-165;
obvious pseudonyms, 165;
phrase-pseudonyms, 165;
covered by initials, 184;
list of pseudonyms with real names, 242-249
Publisher's name (imprint), 39, 40
Publisher's series, 139, 193
Publishing societies, 98-100
Punctuation, 70-71, 145
Punctuation of title-pages, 48
Qualifications of authors (annotations), 211
Queens, 136
Questions catalogues should answer tabulated, 21
Quotations on title-pages, 38
References, Joint-authors, 49, 59, 81;
cross-references for synonymous terms, 52, 67, 202;
editors, 54, 129;
omissions of, 59;
_See_ and _See also_ references, 61;
use of subject references demonstrated, 56, 60, 61, 67, 73, 77, 86,
87, 102, 103, 107, 109, 134, 138, 146, 149, 152, 172, 173, 190,
192;
translators and illustrators, 83, 90;
writers of libretti, 90;
compound names, 112;
married names, 174
Repetition dashes, 170
"Rev." in titles, 64
Reviewing of books by newspapers, &c., 6;
in annotations, 210
Roman numerals, 40;
in titles of monarchs, 135
Royal personages, 132
Sacred books, 191-192
"Saint" in names, 118, 119
Saints, 140
Sermons, 214
Sequels in fiction, 206
Series, Entry of, 138-139, 193;
fiction, 206
"Sheaf-catalogues," 33
Sizes of books, 41, 105
Size of catalogues (extent), 4;
in printing, 227
Smithsonian Institution, 8
Society publications, 71;
"indexing" contents, 95;
indexes, 95;
methods of cataloguing, 95 _et seq._;
in the classified catalogue, 100;
periodicals, 196
Specific entry, 61, 68, 152, 168, 200
Statutes, 103
Stereotyping catalogues, 9
Subject-catalogue defined, 30
Subject-entry, 43;
subjects not named on title-pages, 43;
subject-title-entry, 44;
subject-heading, 44;
author's surname in, 45;
not specific, 112;
not required for classical authors, 130;
question of double entry, 151;
for periodicals, 197;
definite subject to be ascertained, 200;
for fiction, 204;
simple rules for, 214-216.
_See also_ Specific entry.
Subject headings, sub-division of, 57, 66, 74, 109, 152, 183, 217;
concentration of subjects, 109, 201;
terms to be fixed, 202;
popular terms, 202;
foreign terms, 127, 203;
references, 56;
demonstrated, 60, 66, 79, 112, 113, 151 _et seq.
See also_ Specific entry. Synonymous headings.
Surnames. _See_ Names, Personal.
Sutton, Mr. C. W., 120
Sweden, Royal Library, 157
Synonymous headings, 52, 67, 202.
_See also_ References.
Technical journals, 196-197
Title-as-subject entry, 44, 124
Title-catalogue defined, 29
Title-entries for works of fiction, 115;
title-entry demonstrated, 119; 123 _et seq._;
music, 91;
where required, 200;
superfluous, 57, 69, 121, 125, 182, 199
Title-page, Entry to be taken from the, 33;
and without alteration, 129;
treatment of title-pages demonstrated, 34, 48;
alignment of, marked, 132
Titles of books, Turning about of, 119, 123;
not to be altered, 129;
condensed, 158;
misleading, 200; of popular novels, 208;
changed titles, 208
Titles of rank, 63;
of noblemen, 148-151
Translations of title-pages, 85, 88
Translations, Order of arrangement of, 117
Translators, 83
Translators, Voluntary, 156
Type-setting machines, 34, 234, 235
Types in printed catalogues, Examples of, 220-227;
table of types, 223
Uniformity in cataloguing, Prof. Jewett on, 9
"Van" and "von," 128
Volume, Works in more than one, 40, 41
Volumes of works in progress, 104
Watts, Thomas, 8
Wheatley's, H. B., _How to catalogue a library_, 18;
on adapting catalogues to the comprehension of the fool, 20
Winsor, Prof. Justin, 27
Women, Married, as joint-authors, 55-57, 171, 172;
known by name of husband, 173;
changed names, 174-175
Works in progress, 104
Transcriber's Notes:
Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical
errors.
Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
Enclosed italics markup in _underscores_.
Enclosed bold markup in =equals=.
Enclosed script markup in ~tildes~.
Enclosed insert/underline markup in +plus signs+.
Enclosed overline markup in ¬not signs¬.
Enclosed delete markup in |broken bars|.