5. (Mil.) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a
cheval-de-frise. [R.]
Turnpike man, a man who collects tolls at a turnpike. — Turnpike road,
a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are established by law, in
order to collect from the users tolls to defray the cost of building,
repairing, etc.
Turn"pike` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turnpiked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Turnpiking.] To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; into
a rounded form, as the path of a road. Knowles.
Turn"plate` (?), n. A turntable.
Turn"-sick` (?), a. Giddy. [Obs.] Bacon.
Turn"-sick`, n. (For.) A disease with which sheep are sometimes
affected; gid; sturdy. See Gid.
Turn"sole` (?), n. [F. tournesol, It. tornasole; tornare to turn (LL.
tornare) + sole the sun, L. sol. See Turn, Solar, a., and cf.
Heliotrope.] [Written also turnsol.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus
Heliotropium; heliotrope; — so named because its flowers are supposed
to turn toward the sun. (b) The sunflower. (c) A kind of spurge
(Euphorbia Helioscopia). (d) The euphorbiaceous plant Chrozophora
tinctoria.
2. (Chem.) (a) Litmus. [Obs.] (b) A purple dye obtained from the plant
turnsole. See def. 1 (d).
Turn"spit` (?), n. 1. One who turns a spit; hence, a person engaged in
some menial office.
His lordship is his majesty's turnspit.
Burke.
2. (Zoöl.) A small breed of dogs having a long body and short crooked
legs. These dogs were formerly much used for turning a spit on which
meat was roasting.
Turn"stile` (?), n. 1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the
passage of horses or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike.
See Turnpike, n., 1.
2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons passing
through a gateway, doorway, or the like.
Turn"stone` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of limicoline birds of the
genera Strepsilas and Arenaria, allied to the plovers, especially the
common American and European species (Strepsilas interpres). They are
so called from their habit of turning up small stones in search of
mollusks and other aquatic animals. Called also brant bird, sand
runner, sea quail, sea lark, sparkback, and skirlcrake.
Black turnstone, the California turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala). The
adult in summer is mostly black, except some white streaks on the chest
and forehead, and two white loral spots.
Turn"ta`ble (?), n. A large revolving platform, for turning railroad
cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; — called also
turnplate.
||Tur"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Turnus, the king of the Rutuli,
||mentioned in the Æneid.] (Zoöl.) A common, large, handsome, American
||swallowtail butterfly, now regarded as one of the forms of Papilio,
||or Jasoniades, glaucus. The wings are yellow, margined and barred
||with black, and with an orange-red spot near the posterior angle of
||the hind wings. Called also tiger swallowtail. See Illust. under
||Swallowtail.
||
||Turn"ve*rein` (?), n. [G., from turnen to exercise + verein a union.]
||A company or association of gymnasts and athletes.
||
Turn"wrest` (?), n. (a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in
England, esp. in Kent. (b) designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.]
Knight.
Tu*ro"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) One of the subdivisions into which the
Upper Cretaceous formation of Europe is divided.
Tur"pen*tine, n. [F. térébentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr.
terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L.
terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine
tree. Gr. &?;, &?;. See Terebinth.] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin,
primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia
Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained
from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.
There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in
small quantities by the turpentine tree (Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice,
Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europæa. It is a
clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada
turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines
(see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived
from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most
abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine (Pinus palustris).
Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir (Abies pectinata).
Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16, of a
pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude
turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the
type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also
terebenthene, terpene, etc. — Turpentine moth (Zoöl.), any one of
several species of small tortricid moths whose larvæ eat the tender
shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. —
Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of
turpentine. See Turpentine, above.
Tur"peth (?), n. [NL. turpethum, fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic, turbad a
purgative root. Cf. Turbith.] [Written also turbeth, and turbith.] 1.
(Bot.) The root of Ipomœa Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and
Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; — sometimes called
vegetable turpeth.
2. (Chem.) A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4, which consists of a basic
mercuric sulphate; — called also turpeth mineral.