| POPULATION || RANK
CITY |-----------+-----------+-----------++------+------+------
| 1910 | 1900 | 1890 || 1910 | 1900 | 1890
-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------++------+------+------
New York | 4,766,883 | 3,437,202 | 1,515,301 || 1 | 1 | 1
| | | || | |
Chicago | 2,185,283 | 1,698,575 | 1,099,850 || 2 | 2 | 2
| | | || | |
Philadelphia | 1,549,008 | 1,293,697 | 1,046,964 || 3 | 3 | 3
| | | || | |
St. Louis | 687,029 | 575,238 | 451,770 || 4 | 4 | 5
| | | || | |
Boston | 670,585 | 560,892 | 448,477 || 5 | 5 | 6
| | | || | |
Cleveland | 560,663 | 381,768 | 261,353 || 6 | 7 | 10
| | | || | |
Baltimore | 558,485 | 508,957 | 434,439 || 7 | 6 | 7
| | | || | |
Pittsburgh | 533,905 | 321,616 | 238,617 || 8 | 11 | 13
| | | || | |
Detroit | 465,766 | 285,704 | 205,876 || 9 | 13 | 15
| | | || | |
Buffalo | 423,715 | 352,387 | 255,664 || 10 | 8 | 11
| | | || | |
San Francisco| 416,912 | 342,782 | 298,997 || 11 | 9 | 8
| | | || | |
Milwaukee | 373,857 | 285,315 | 204,468 || 12 | 14 | 16
| | | || | |
Cincinnati | 363,591 | 325,902 | 296,908 || 13 | 10 | 9
| | | || | |
Newark | 347,469 | 246,070 | 181,830 || 14 | 16 | 17
| | | || | |
New Orleans | 339,075 | 287,104 | 242,039 || 15 | 12 | 12
| | | || | |
Washington | 331,069 | 278,718 | 230,392 || 16 | 15 | 14
=============+===========+===========+===========++======+======+======
THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION OF OUR GREAT CITIES
==========================+=======================
|
CITY |
| LEADING COUNTRIES OF
| BIRTH OF FOREIGN-BORN
| POPULATION--1910
+-----------+-----------
| First | Second
--------------------------+-----------+-----------
Baltimore | Germany | Russia
Boston | Ireland | Canada
Buffalo | Germany | Canada
Chicago | Germany | Austria
Cincinnati | Germany | Hungary
Cleveland | Austria | Germany
Detroit | Germany | Canada
Jersey City | Germany | Ireland
Los Angeles | Germany | Canada
Milwaukee | Germany | Russia
Minneapolis | Sweden | Norway
New Orleans | Italy | Germany
New York | Russia | Italy
Newark | Germany | Russia
Philadelphia | Russia | Ireland
Pittsburgh | Germany | Russia
St. Louis | Germany | Russia
San Francisco | Germany | Ireland
Washington | Ireland | Germany
==========================+===========+===========
SHORTEST RAILWAY TRAVEL--DISTANCE FROM NEW YORK CITY
San Francisco 3182 miles
New Orleans 1344 miles
St. Louis 1059 miles
Chicago 908 miles
Detroit 690 miles
Cleveland 576 miles
Pittsburgh 441 miles
Buffalo 439 miles
Boston 235 miles
Washington, D.C. 226 miles
Baltimore 186 miles
Philadelphia 92 miles
SHORTEST RAILWAY TRAVEL--DISTANCE FROM CHICAGO
San Francisco 2274 miles
Boston 1021 miles
New Orleans 923 miles
New York 908 miles
Philadelphia 818 miles
Baltimore 797 miles
Washington, D.C. 787 miles
Buffalo 523 miles
Pittsburgh 468 miles
Cleveland 339 miles
St. Louis 286 miles
Detroit 272 miles
TO WHOM WE SELL THE MOST
THE AMOUNT FOR 1914
Great Britain $594,271,863
Germany $344,794,276
Canada $344,716,981
France $159,818,924
Netherlands $112,215,673
Italy $74,235,012
Cuba $68,884,428
Belgium $61,219,894
Japan $51,205,520
Argentina $45,179,089
Mexico $38,748,793
FROM WHOM WE BUY THE MOST
THE AMOUNT FOR 1914
Great Britain $293,661,304
Germany $189,919,136
Canada $160,689,709
France $141,446,252
Cuba $131,303,794
Japan $107,355,897
Brazil $101,303,794
Mexico $92,690,566
British India $73,630,880
Italy $56,407,671
[Illustration: SOME OF THE GREAT RAILROADS OF THE UNITED STATES]
INDEX
Abbey, Edwin A., 128
Adams, John, 84, 87
Adams, Samuel, 124
Alameda, 240
Allegheny, 182, 184
Allegheny River, 171, 172, 182
Baldwin, Matthias W., 71
Baldwin Locomotive Works, 71
Baltimore, 155-170
railroad center, 155
harbor, 155
industries, 155, 156
exports, 155
fire of 1904, 156
public markets, 160
settlement of, 167
Baltimore, Lord, 168
Barge canal, 212
Belleville, 98
Berkeley, 240
Bienville, Governor, 245
Blackstone, William, 105
Boston, 105-136
capital of Massachusetts, 105
settlement of, 105
divisions of, 107
harbor, 108
trade center, 119
foreign commerce, 121
industries, 121
Boston Tea Party, 84, 122
Braddock, 173
Bradford, William, 73
Brockton, 119
Brooklyn, 11, 24, 28, 30
Brooks, Phillips, 127
Bruceton, 178
Buffalo, 207-226
settlement of, 207, 208
named, 209
Erie Canal, 210
lake port, 211
importance of location, 212
trade with Canada, 212
manufacturing center, 213
Niagara power, 213, 216, 224-225
iron industry, 214
flour mills, 216
important live-stock market, 217
important lumber market, 217
harbor, 221
Buffalo River, 207, 221
Bulfinch, Charles, 111
Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, 191
Calumet River, 56
Cambridge, 116, 117, 131, 133
Carnegie, Andrew, 184
Carnegie Steel Company, 175
Centennial Exhibition, 75
Charles River, 116
Chicago, 41-66, 180
fire of 1871, 41
settlement of, 43
harbor, 45, 56, 57
becomes a city, 46
important railroad center, 54
greatest lake port, 54
grain market, 55
steel industry, 56
largest lumber market, 57
exports, 57
center of packing industry, 61
Pullman, 62
Chicago drainage and ship canal, 54
Chicago River, 41, 43, 45, 53, 54, 57
Civil War, 247
Cleaveland, General Moses, 137
Cleveland, 137-154, 180
settlement of, 137
harbor, 141
becomes a city, 142
industries, 142, 143, 148
importance of location, 148
manufacturing center, 148
largest ore market in the world, 148
center of shipbuilding, 148
important lake port, 153
Cleveland, Grover, 224
Clinton, De Witt, 209
Coal, 56, 70, 100, 142, 172, 175, 213, 214, 215, 257
Coal mines, 175
Commerce, foreign, 35, 57, 121, 231, 259
Cotton, 257, 258, 261
Croton River, 18
Custis, Martha, 294
Cuyahoga River, 137, 138, 140, 141, 145
Declaration of Independence, 8, 85
Delaware River, 67, 68, 69
de Portolá, Don Gaspar, 227
Des Plaines River, 53
Detroit, 139, 189-206
leading port on Canadian shore, 189, 199
founded, 191
early history, 191
growth, 192
trade center, 194
harbor, 195
shipbuilding industry, 195
becomes industrial city, 196
center of automobile trade, 196
industries, 197
immense wholesale trade, 198
railroad center, 200
Detroit River, 191, 200, 205
District of Columbia, 267, 288, 289
Doan, Nathaniel, 139
Dutch West India Company, 5
East River, 27, 36
East St. Louis, 98
Erie Canal, 9, 193, 209, 210, 212
Exports, value of, 301
Fall River, 121
Farragut, David, 248
Fillmore, Millard, 224
Fish industry, 121, 239
Fitch, John, 72
Fort Dearborn, 44
Fort McHenry, 169
Fort Myer, 294
Fort Pitt, 171
Foreign-born population, 300
Franklin, Benjamin, 73, 84
French and Indian War, 171, 191, 245
Fulton, Robert, 72
Girard, Stephen, 79
Gold, 227
Golden Gate, 231, 241
Grain industry, 55, 102
Granite City, 98
Gunpowder River, 163
Hale, Edward Everett, 130
_Half Moon_, 3
Hancock, John, 124
Homestead, 173
Hudson, Henry, 4
Hudson River, 4, 30, 35, 36, 207, 209, 210
Hull, General William, 192
Illinois and Michigan Canal, 47
Illinois River, 47, 53, 93
Imports, value of, 302
Increase in population of our great cities, 299
Iron industry, 171, 172, 214, 233
Jackson, Andrew, 246
Jefferson, Thomas, 89
Key, Francis Scott, 169
Kingsbury, James, 138
Kinzie, John, 43
Lackawanna Iron and Steel Company, 215
Largest cities in the world, 299
Lawrence, 121
Lee, Robert E., 294
Lewis and Clark expedition, 90
Louisiana Purchase, 89, 245
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 96
Lowell, 121
Lumber, 57, 100, 217, 257
Lynn, 119
Madison, 98
Manhattan, 4, 11
McCall Ferry dam, 163
McKeesport, 173
McKinley, William, 224
Mexican War, 227
Mints, 81, 82, 237
Minuit, Peter, 5
Mississippi River, 47, 89, 91, 96, 97, 171, 245, 248, 249
Missouri River, 90, 93
Mohawk River, 207, 209
Monongahela River, 171, 172, 182
Morris, Robert, 75
Mt. Vernon, 267, 294
Natural gas, 151, 181, 185, 213
New Amsterdam, 6, 14
New Bedford, 121
New Orleans, 171, 245-264
early history, 245
in the War of 1812, 246
in the Civil War, 247
building the city, 249
the French quarter, 251, 252
the American quarter, 251, 255
important lumber market, 257
important cotton market, 258, 261
Gulf port, 261
second export port in America, 261
exports, 261
important sugar market, 257, 261
Mardi Gras, 263
New York, 3-40
settlement of, 4
surrendered to English, 7
named, 8
capital city, 9
harbor, 9, 36
becomes Greater New York, 11
boroughs, 11
nation's chief market place, 32
imports, 32
exports, 32
nation's greatest workshop, 32
industries, 32
Niagara Falls, 213, 224
Niagara River, 190, 191, 209, 212, 219, 224
Oakland, 240
Ohio Canal, 140
Ohio River, 93, 137, 139, 140, 171, 172
Ore, 56, 142, 214
Packing industry, 59, 61, 101, 217, 233
Panama Canal, 233, 242
Panama-Pacific International Exposition, 242
Pan-American Exposition, 224
Patapsco River, 168
Penn, William, 67, 74, 75, 76
Perry, Oliver Hazard, 192
Petroleum, 180, 213, 257
Philadelphia, 67-88, 167
settlement of, 67
manufacturing city, 69
commercial center, 70
industries, 70
United States mint, 81
Continental Congress, 84, 85
Declaration of Independence signed at, 85
capital of the nation, 87
Pitt, William, 171
Pittsburgh, 148, 171-188
workshop of the world, 171
named, 171
trade center, 172
manufacturing city, 172
center of steel industry, 173
industries, 173
Pittsburgh district, 173
mines, 175, 177
petroleum, 180
natural gas, 181
Pontiac's conspiracy, 192
Population of our great cities, 299
Potomac River, 267, 272, 292
Pullman, 62
Puritans, 105
Quakers, 67
Railroads, 9, 49, 58, 70, 93, 110, 142, 150, 200, 211, 213, 238
Pennsylvania, 30, 150
New York Central, 32, 110, 150
Michigan Southern, 49
Michigan Central, 49, 200
Missouri Pacific, 93
Boston & Albany, 110
Boston & Maine, 110
New York, New Haven & Hartford, 110
Nickel Plate, 150
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis, 150
Erie Railroad, 150
Baltimore & Ohio, 150
Wheeling & Lake Erie, 150
Southern Pacific, 238
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé, 239
Union Pacific, 239
Western Pacific, 239
Revere, Paul, 124
Revolution, War of the, 8, 75, 111, 112, 119, 122, 192, 207, 266
Richmond, 240
Rogers, Major Robert, 191, 193
Roosevelt, Theodore, 224
Ross, Betsy, 86
Sacramento River, 230
St. Gaudens, 113, 127
St. Lawrence River, 190
St. Louis, 89-104
frontier village, 89
trade center, 93
railroad center, 94
favorable location, 98
industries, 100
distributing center, 102
fur, grain, and live-stock market, 102, 103
San Francisco, 227-244
early history, 227
growth of, 227, 228
"child of the mines," 228
San Francisco Bay, 230
trade center, 231
exports, 231
imports, 231
industries, 233
United States mint, 237
leading salmon port, 239
San Joaquin River, 230
Sargent, John S., 128
Sault Ste. Marie, 190
Saur, Christopher, 73
Schuylkill River, 68, 75
Scioto River, 140
Shaw, Colonel, 113
Shortest railway routes from Chicago, 301
Shortest railway routes from New York, 300
Silver, 228
Standard Oil Company, 143
Steel, 56, 71, 173, 180
Straits of Mackinac, 190
Stuyvesant, Peter, 6
Sugar, 32, 257, 261
Susquehanna River, 163
Thevis, Father, 255
Tonawanda, 219
Touro, Judah, 257
Trumbull, John, 275
Union Stockyards, 59
University City, 96
Venice, 98
War of 1812, 44, 192, 209, 246, 268
Washington, 202, 265-298
the capital city, 265
location, 265
story of, 266
District of Columbia, 267, 288, 289
plan of the city, 268
capitol, 272
House of Representatives, 277, 289
Supreme Court, 279
Senate, 279, 289
Library of Congress, 280
White House, 282
National Treasury, 284, 286
Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 285
Washington Monument, 291
Post Office Department, 294
Arlington National Cemetery, 294
Washington, George, 8, 84, 87, 119, 171, 267, 282, 294
Westinghouse, George, 185
Westinghouse Electric Company, 185
Winne, Cornelius, 207, 208
Winthrop, John, 105
Woodward, Augustus B., 202
World's Columbian Exposition, 63
York, Duke of, 7
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes:
The original spelling and minor inconsistencies in the spelling and
formatting have been maintained.
Inconsistent hyphenation and accents are as in the original if not marked
as a misprint.
Index entries out of sequence have not been corrected.
Text in italics has been marked with underscores (_text_) and text in
bold with equal signs (=text=).
Captions have been added to the maps on page 69 and 268 as listed in the
"List of Maps" at the beginning of the book.
The table below lists all corrections applied to the original text.
frontpage: BOOKS I AND II -> BOOKS I AND II,
p. 160: here small craft -> crafts
p. 225: Important center for. -> Important center for
p. 227: Pacific coast, and Don Gasper -> Gaspar
p. 239: Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe -> Fé
p. 248: forces land and take -> takes
p. 306: de Portolá, Don Gasper -> Gaspar