P

P (_34_) Cygni, 482

Palisa, discoveries of asteroids, 314

Palitzsch, 470

Pallas, discovery, 311;

diameter, 312

Parallax of stars, 419, 420

— diurnal, 140;

equatorial horizontal, 140;

horizontal, 140;

of sun, 146;

of Mars, 147

Parmentier, distribution of asteroids, 316

Pegasus, Square of, 409

Pegasi, Kappa, 433

— (_85_), 434

— U, 469

Pendulum observations, 135;

compensated, 174

Penumbra, of earth’s shadow, 111

Percentage of stars in Milky Way, 547, 548

Perigee, 89

Perihelion, 75

Perrotin, rotation of Venus, 280;

of Uranus, 343;

markings on Uranus, 344

Persei, Beta (Algol). _See_ Algol

Perseid meteors, 391;

associated with Tuttle’s comet, 393

Perseus, 407

— star clusters in, 503

Perturbations, 158

Peters, 428

Phases of moon, 89;

of Venus, 101;

of Mars, 104

Phocylides Holwarda, 458

Photographic telescopes, 194

Photography of nebulæ, 23, 25, 38;

of sun-spots, 36, 243, 244;

of the moon, 36, 295–297;

of stellar spectra, 37;

of comets, 38, 354, 377–383;

celestial, 194;

of spectra, 219, 223;

of the eclipsed sun, 254;

of the reversing layer, 259;

of prominence-spectra, 260;

of prominences and faculæ, 261, 262;

of the corona, 267, 269–271;

planetary, 327; meteoric, 396

Photoheliograph, 197

Photometers, wedge, 213;

meridian, 214

Photosphere, visible structure, 242

Piazzi, five-foot circle, 20;

discovery of Ceres, 311

Pickering, Prof. E. C., photometric measures of asteroids, 312;

photograph of Jupiter, 327;

the spectrum of Alpha Centauri, 441;

the spectrum of Pleione, 498

Pickering, W. H., lunar photographs, 296;

mounting of telescopes, 297;

lakes and canals of Mars, 301, 304;

water area on Mars, 305;

star collisions, 495;

nebula surrounding Zeta Orionis, 520

Pigott, 467

“Pilgrim star,” 479–482

Planetary nebulæ, 527–529

Planets, apparent movements of, 98;

interior and exterior, 98;

conjunctions of, 99, 103;

phases of, 101, 104;

oppositions of, 103;

synodic periods of, 107;

times of revolution, 107;

relative distances of, 144;

distances of, 150;

terrestrial, 229;

giant, 229, 319, 343;

trans-Neptunian, 231;

intra-Mercurian, 232;

decay, 233;

comets captured by, 371, 372

— minor. _See_ Asteroids

Pleiades, 404, 407, 497–502, 539, 549

Pleione, 498

“Plough,” 400–402, 405

Plummer, short-period comets, 371;

Encke’s, 372

Podmaniczky, Baroness, 488

Pogson, 485

Polar axis, 185

Polaris. _See_ Pole Star

Pole, celestial, 46; terrestrial, 50;

movements of, 138

Pole Star, 46, 405, 412, 421, 427

Pollux, 404, 406, 415, 427

Pond, defects of Greenwich quadrant, 19;

astronomer-royal, 20

Position, angle, 208;

circle, 208

Poynting’s experiment, 160

Præsepe, 502

Precession, of equinoxes, 69;

effects of, 170;

luni-solar, 169

Prime vertical, 210

Principia, publication, 10, 13;

character, 14

Prism, action of, 215;

objective, 223

Prismatic camera, 223

— spectroscope, 215

Pritchard, Prof., 422, 424

Proctor, Saturn’s rings, 341;

distance of Uranus, 344;

Proctor’s chart, 548;

stars in streams, 550

Procyon, supposed satellite, 31, 32;

order of magnitude, 404;

parallax of Procyon, 421;

Procyon approaching the Earth, 427

Prominences, solar appendages, 253, 254;

spectrum, 254, 256, 258, 260;

daylight observations, 254, 255;

quiescent and eruptive, 256;

periodicity, 257;

rapid development, 259;

spectral photography, 260, 261

“Proper motions” of stars, 423–431

Ptolemaic system, 3, 4, 6

Q

Quadrature, 105

R

Rambaud, absorption in solar atmosphere, 240;

fireball, 380

Ramsay, terrestrial discovery of helium, 255

Ramsden, astronomical circles, 20

Raynard, the sun a nebulous body, 253;

future of Saturn’s ring-system, 340;

outflows from comets, 380;

star streams, 551

Ravené, gravitational disturbance by asteroids, 315

R Centauri, 478

Reading microscope, 172

Recurrence of eclipses, 119

“Red Bird,” 415

Red spot on Jupiter, 323, 324

Red stars, 416

Reduction of observations, 18, 19

Refracting telescope, 176

Refraction, 52

— in Venus, 278

Reflecting telescope, 178

Regression of moon’s nodes, 94

Regulus, 406, 410, 427

Retrogradation, 89, 103

Reversing layer, 249, 258, 271;

photographed, 259

Rich and poor regions, 549

Richaud, 440

Rigel, 404, 414, 427

Right ascension, 66

Roberts, Dr., 23, 107, 502, 503, 508, 511, 520, 525–528, 530, 533, 534,

539, 540

Roberts, A. W., 440, 441, 469

Roche, minimum distance of satellites, 340

Römer, velocity of light, 329

Rosse, Earl of, giant reflector, 24

Roszl, mass of 311 asteroids, 315

Rotation of earth, 47, 48;

of moon, 92

Rowland grating, 217

— solar elements, 250

Russell, photograph of Swift’s comet, 377;

Kappa Crucis, 506;

the “key-hole” nebula, 522;

the Magellanic clouds, 536

Rutherfurd, photographs of the moon, 295

S

Sacrobosco, treatise on the sphere, 6

Sagittarii, Zeta, 434

Saros, 120

Satellites, movements of Satellites, 108;

masses of Satellites, 159

— discoveries, 9, 23, 25, 26, 309, 347;

apportionment, 230;

formation checked by tidal friction, 277, 282;

planes of revolution, 328, 347, 348, 350;

transits, 329, 330, 342;

eclipses, 329, 342;

variability, 330, 341, 347;

rotation, 331, 341, 342, 347

Saturn, density, 333;

spectrum, 334;

rotation, 334, 339;

dimensions, 535

Saturn’s ring-system, dusky member, 25, 336, 338;

dimensions, 336;

constitution, 337, 339, 340;

albedo, 338

Sawyer, U Ophiuchi discovered, 473;

variability of R Canis Majoris detected, 473

Schaeberle, photographs of corona of 1893, 270;

land and water on Mars, 306

Scheiner, spectra of sun-spots, 251

Schiaparelli, rotation of Mercury, 275;

map of Mercury, 277;

rotation of Venus, 280, 281;

canals of Mars, 301;

duplication, 305;

climate of Mars, 308;

compression of Uranus, 343;

comets and meteors, 393;

theory of extinction of light, 544

Schiehallion experiment, 161

Schmidt, map of the moon, 290

Schönfeld, 461, 464, 466, 467, 473, 483

Schorr, 442

Schur, 433, 442

Schuster, photograph of eclipsed sun, 268

Schwabe, discovery of sun-spot periodicity, 245

Seasons, 61

Secchi, observations of prominences, 256;

spectrum of Uranus, 345

See, Dr., 413, 433–435, 440, 442, 447, 448

Seeliger, photometric measures of Saturn’s rings, 339

Serpentarii, Nova, 483

Sextant, 211

Shackleton, photograph of the reversing layer, 259

Ship, position of, 128

“Sickle” in Leo, 406

Siderostat, 194

Sidgreaves, elevations of chromosphere, 258

Sirius, proper motion, 17, 31;

companion, 32;

spectrum, 37;

size, 403;

position, 409;

colour, 414;

distance, 418, 421;

discovery of proper motion, 423;

a binary star, 437;

comparative magnitude, 438

Smyth, 447, 448, 502, 505, 508

Solar, constant, 239

— diagonal, 183

— eclipses, 113

— ecliptic limit, 118

— System, dominated by gravity, 29;

constitution, 229, 232;

dimensions, 231;

stability, 232;

origin, 235, 236

Southern Cross, 410, 416, 549

Shouting, 68, 198

Spectroheliograph, 225

Spectroscope, prismatic, 215;

direct vision, 216;

grating, 216;

Lick star-, 219;

Rowland, 217;

tele-, 219

Spectroscopic measurements of rotation;

the sun, 248;

Venus, 281;

Saturn, 339

Spectrum, solar, 34, 250;

of stars and nebulæ, 35, 37;

measurement of, 218;

sun-spot, 250, 251;

prominence, 254, 256, 261;

chromospheric, 258;

of Mercury, 275;

of Venus, 279;

auroral, 288;

of Jupiter, 326;

of Saturn’s rings, 338;

of Uranus, 345, 346;

of Neptune, 351;

of comets, 368

Spherical excess, 133

Spica, 404, 410

Spiral nebulæ, 533, 534

Spoerer, solar rotation, 249

Star of Bethlehem, 101

Star-charting, photographic, 38

— cluster, 17

— spectroscope, 219

— time, 68

Stars, temporary, 3, 8, 477;

proper motions of, 17, 19, 28, 425, 427;

fixed, 45;

circumpolar, 46;

diurnal motion of, 46;

aberration of, 58;

catalogues of, 71;

clock, 82;

morning and evening, 100;

magnitudes, 403, 404;

Pole, 405, 412;

double, 410;

coloured, 416;

red, 416;

nearest, 417;

binary, 431;

variable, 458

Stationary points, 103

Stone, mass of Titan, 342

Stoney, G. Johnstone, atmospheres of planets, 313

Stratonoff, sun’s rotation from faculæ, 249

Suess, theory of lunar formations, 292

Sun, translation, 28, 229;

apparent movements of, 55, 77;

midnight, 63;

apparent diameter of, 72;

mean, 79;

eclipses of, 113;

distance of, 146;

mass of, 156;

maintenance of heat, 234;

radiative power, 237–239, 241, 242;

temperature, 239, 240;

magnitude, 240, 241;

luminous surface, 242;

spots, 243–249, 251, 252;

periodicity, 246;

rotation, 247–249;

chemistry, 250;

theories, 252

Sun-dial, 78

Sun’s motion in space, 428

Sun-spots, observed by Galileo, 9;

construction, 243, 251;

zones, 245, 247;

periodicity, 245, 247;

irregular movements, 247–249;

spectra, 250–252

Sutton, 553

Swift, Lewis, comet discovered by, 377, 378, 383

Sykora, elevation of spotted areas on the sun, 252

Synodic period, of moon, 91;

of planets, 107

T

Tacchini, spectrum of Venus, 279;

rotation, 280

Talcott’s latitude method, 124

Tauri, Alpha. _See_ Aldebaran

— Lambda, 473

Tebbutt’s comet, 362, 368

Telescope, invention of, 9;

achromatic, 20, 21;

reflecting, 21, 24, 25, 178;

refracting, 20, 25–27, 176;

future improvement, 26, 27, 297;

Newtonian, 179;

Cassegrain, 180, 181;

Herschellian, 180;

Skew Cassegrain, 181;

magnifying power of, 184;

illuminating power of, 184;

altazimuth, 184;

equatorial, 185;

Rosse, 187;

Common, 5-foot, 188;

Lick, 190;

fixed, 194;

photographic, 194

Telespectroscope, 219

Tempel, 501

“Temporary stars,” 477–497

Theodolite, 205

Thiele, 435, 447, 451

Thome, comet of 1887, 360

Tidal evolution, 167

Tidal friction, 166;

in earth-moon system, 236, 283, 284;

on Mercury, 277;

effect on satellite-formation, 278, 282;

on Venus, 282;

on Phobos, 310;

on Saturnian satellites, 342

Tides, 162;

spring and neap, 164;

priming and lagging, 164

Time, apparent, 78;

equation of, 79;

mean solar, 79;

determination of, 82;

at different places, 83;

Greenwich mean, 83;

local, 83;

telegraphy, 84;

zone, 84;

balls, 85

Tisserand, revolutions of Jupiter’s fifth satellite, 331;

disturbance of Neptune’s satellite, 351;

capture of comets, 372

Todd, Miss M. L., drawing of corona, 268

— Prof., trans-Neptunian planet, 231

Toucani (_41_), 513

Transit circle, 198–202

— instrument, 202

— of Venus, 101, 148

Triangulation, 53

Troughton, instrumental improvements, 19, 20

Trouvelot, mountains of Venus, 279;

rotation, 280

Twilight, 53

Tycho Brahé, 5, 8, 9, 405, 418, 479, 481, 529

U

Ulugh Beigh, observations at Samarcand, 5

Umbra of earth’s shadow, 111

Uranus, discovery, 22, 229;

perturbations, 32, 231;

dimensions and markings, 343–345;

analogy with Neptune, 343, 351;

rotation, 344, 348;

spectrum, 345, 346;

satellites, 347, 348;

comets captured by, 371, 395

Ursa Major, stars in, 400, 401

Ursæ Majoris, Xi, 440

V

Variation of latitude, 136

Variable stars, 458

Vega, 403, 406, 414, 422, 427

Venus, phases observed by Galileo, 9;

transits, 17;

phases of, 101;

transit of, 101, 148;

atmosphere, 278, 281, 282;

ashen light, 279;

spectrum, 279;

rotation, 280, 281;

imaginary satellite, 282

Vernier, 172

Very, distribution of lunar heat, 295

Vesta, discovery, 311;

diameter and brightness, 312;

mass, 313

Villarceau, 433

Virginis, Alpha (Spica), 404, 410

— Gamma, 413, 444–450

— Tau, 456

— W, 469

Visible stars, number of, 538–546

Vogel, spectrum of Jupiter, 326;

of Uranus, 345;

binary or multiple system of Beta Lyræ, 466;

diameter of Algol, 472

Volcanic action, terrestrial, 284;

lunar, 290, 292

Von Gothard, 465

Vulpeculæ, Nova, 484

— S, 484

W

Ward, 488

Way, Milky, 402, 430, 549, 557

Webb, 528

Wedge, photometer, 213

Weight, defined, 151;

of the earth, 160

Wells’ comet, 368

Williams, A. Stanley, rotation of Venus, 280;

of Jupiter, 325;

photographs of Jupiter, 327;

spots on Saturn, 334

Wilson, Alexander, depression of sun-spots, 251

— W. E., temperature of the sun, 240

Winnecke, 422

Winnecke’s comet, 368, 371, 372

Wire micrometer, 205

Wolf, Max, photographic discovery of asteroids, 314;

comet discovered by, 377;

chart of the Pleiades, 499

Wrublewsky, 434

Y

Year, 85;

sidereal, 85;

tropical, 85;

leap, 86

Yendell, 474

Yerkes, 40-inch refractor, 26, 27

Young, solar eruption, 256;

spectrum of chromosphere, 258;

reversing layer, 258;

spectrum of Venus, 279;

brightness of Phobos, 309;

belts of Uranus, 343;

size of Uranus, 345;

the sun and planets, seen from Neptune, 349, 352;

Andromede meteors, 394

Z

Zenith, 45

— telescope, 210

Zodiac, 60

Zodiacal Light, 272, 273

Zöllner, albedo of Mars, 298, 334;

of Jupiter, 320;

of Neptune, 349;

estimate of sunlight, 543

Zone time, 84

THE END.

-----

Footnote 1:

There is a very complete paper on “How to find Easter,” by Dr.

Downing, in the _Journal_ of the British Astronomical Association,

vol. ii., p. 264.

Footnote 2:

The application of Kepler’s third law gives us P = _a_^{³⁄₂} years,

but as this is not strictly true, both P and _a_ must be given where

the greatest possible accuracy is desired.

Footnote 3:

The diagram is based upon one given by Prof. Albrech in the

_Astronomische Nachrichten_, No. 3333. The dotted part of the curve

could not be directly derived on account of insufficient observations.

Footnote 4:

The focal length of a lens is the distance from its centre at which an

image of a very distant object, such as the sun, is formed.

Footnote 5:

In a British inch there are 25·4 millimetres.

Footnote 6:

Proctor: “Old and New Astronomy,” p. 327.

Footnote 7:

Langley: “The New Astronomy,” p. 108.

Footnote 8:

The “bolometer,” invented by Langley, measures heat with exquisite

refinement by means of its electrical effects.

Footnote 9:

W. E. Wilson: _Monthly Notices_, vol. lv., p. 457.

Footnote 10:

_Observatory_, vol. xviii., p. 344.

Footnote 11:

Frost-Scheiner: “Astronomical Spectroscopy,” p. 177.

Footnote 12:

_Astronomische Nachrichten_, No. 3330.

Footnote 13:

_Knowledge_, vol. vi., p. 13.

Footnote 14:

“The Sun,” p. 206, first edition.

Footnote 15:

“Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society,” vol. xli., p. 435.

Footnote 16:

_Astronomy and Astro-Physics_, vol. xiii., p. 122.

Footnote 17:

_Comptes Rendus_, December 26, 1893.

Footnote 18:

_Knowledge_, vol. iv., p. 105.

Footnote 19:

“Rapport de la Mission envoyée an Sénégal,” p. 31.

Footnote 20:

“Harvard Annals,” vol. xix., part ii.; 1893.

Footnote 21:

“The Solar Corona discussed by Spherical Harmonics;” Washington, 1889.

Footnote 22:

_Bulletin Astronomique_, April, 1896.

Footnote 23:

According to G. Müller, _Potsdam Publicationen_, No. 30, p. 369,

Zöllner fixed the albedo of Mercury at 0·13.

Footnote 24:

_Astr. Nach._, No. 3171.

Footnote 25:

_Astr. Nach._, No. 3406.

Footnote 26:

_Ibid._, No. 2944.

Footnote 27:

_Astr. Nach._, No. 3332.

Footnote 28:

This was in principle suggested by Proctor in “The Old and New

Astronomy.”

Footnote 29:

_Nature_, vol. li., p. 227.

Footnote 30:

Kelvin, _Nature_, p. 440; Clarence King, _American Journal of

Science_, January, 1893.

Footnote 31:

_Ciel et Terre_, 16th March, 1895.

Footnote 32:

_Himmel und Erde_, Feb., 1889; _Astr. Nach._, No. 3347; A. Battandier,

_L’Astronomie_, 1894.

Footnote 33:

Balfour Stewart: “Ency. Brit.,” vol. xvi. pp. 164, 165.

Footnote 34:

A. Paulsen: _Ciel et Terre_, 1 Juillet, 1895, p. 202.

Footnote 35:

Elger: “The Moon,” p. 73.

Footnote 36:

“Publications, Astronomical Society of the Pacific,” vol. vii., p.

144.

Footnote 37:

“Harvard Annals,” vol. xxxii., part i., p. 109.

Footnote 38:

_Astronomy and Astro-Physics_, Nov., 1894, p. 718.

Footnote 39:

“Popular Astronomy,” 1895, p. 347.

Footnote 40:

_Astr. Nach._, No. 3271 (Schiaparelli).

Footnote 41:

“Popular Astronomy,” vol. i., p. 348.

Footnote 42:

_Scientific American_, Feb. 29, 1896.

Footnote 43:

Schiaparelli: _Astronomy and Astro-Physics_, Nov., 1894, p. 720.

Footnote 44:

_Astronomy and Astro-Physics_, August, 1894, p. 554.

Footnote 45:

“Publ. Astro. Soc. of the Pacific,” vol. iv., p. 196.

Footnote 46:

_Monthly Notices_, vol. lvi., p. 166.

Footnote 47:

Campbell: “Publ. A. S. P.,” vol. vi., p. 273.

Footnote 48:

_Ibid._, vol. ii., p. 248.

Footnote 49:

_Ibid._, vol. vi., p. 110.

Footnote 50:

_Astronomy and Astro-Physics_, October, 1894, p. 640.

Footnote 51:

_Potsdam Publicationen_, No. 30, 1893.

Footnote 52:

Barnard: _Monthly Notices_, vol. lvi., p. 55.

Footnote 53:

John Hopkins’ _University Circular_, Jan., 1895.

Footnote 54:

_Astr. Nach._, No. 3359.

Footnote 55:

_Monthly Notices_, vol. lvi., p. 250.

Footnote 56:

Barnard: _Astr. Journal_, No. 325, 1894.

Footnote 57:

“Publ. A. S. P.,” vol. ii., p. 286.

Footnote 58:

Maunder: _Knowledge_, vol. xix., p. 5.

Footnote 59:

_Monthly Notices_, vol. lvi., p. 143.

Footnote 60:

“Scientific Proceedings, R. Dublin Society,” vol. viii., p. 398.

Footnote 61:

_Astro.-Phys. Journal_, May, 1896, p. 394; “Rapport de l’Observatoire

de Paris,” 1895, p. 22.

Footnote 62:

Proctor: “Old and New Astronomy,” p. 584.

Footnote 63:

“The subject of slant-markings,” Mr. Stanley Williams remarks (_loc.

cit._), “has only just begun to be investigated.”

Footnote 64:

“Jupiter and his System,” by Ellen M. Clerke, p. 43.

Footnote 65:

_Comptes Rendus_, t. cxix., p. 581.

Footnote 66:

G. H. Darwin: _Harper’s Magazine_, June, 1889.

Footnote 67:

Barnard, _Monthly Notices_, vol. lvi., p. 163.

Footnote 68:

Lewis: _Observatory_, vol. xviii., p. 379.

Footnote 69:

_Monthly Notices_, vol. lii., p. 419.

Footnote 70:

“Abhandlungen Akad. der Wissensch.” München, Bl. xvi., p. 403.

Footnote 71:

_Astro-Physical Journal_, May, June, 1895.

Footnote 72:

“Old and New Astronomy,” p. 640.

Footnote 73:

“Phil. Trans.,” vol. lxxxii., p. 17.

Footnote 74:

“Publications Astr. Soc. of the Pacific,” vol. iii., p. 284.

Footnote 75:

_Astr. Journal_, No. 370.

Footnote 76:

Perrotin: “Vierteljahrsschrift Astr. Ges.,” Jahrg. xxiv., p. 267.

Footnote 77:

“Annales de l’Observatoire de Nice,” t. ii., 1887.

Footnote 78:

Keeler: _Astr. Nach._, No. 2927.

Footnote 79:

Gregory: _Nature_, vol. xl., p. 236.

Footnote 80:

“General Astronomy,” p. 372.

Footnote 81:

_Astronomical Journal_, No. 342.

Footnote 82:

Tisserand: _Astronomy and Astro-Physics_, vol. xiii., p. 291 (1894).

Footnote 83:

_Comptes Rendus_, t. cvii., p. 804.

Footnote 84:

_Astronomical Journal_, No. 186.

Footnote 85:

“General Astronomy,” p. 372.

Footnote 86:

“Observations at the Cape of Good Hope,” p. 396.

Footnote 87:

“Monat. Correspondenz,” Bd. xxv., pp. 3–22, 1812.

Footnote 88:

Fessenden: _Astro-Physical Journal_, vol. iii., p. 40.

Footnote 89:

_Astr. Nach._, No. 2837.

Footnote 90:

Guillemin: “The World of Comets,” p. 282.

Footnote 91:

_Astr. Nach._, No. 2437.

Footnote 92:

_Knowledge_, Feb., 1896, p. 41.

Footnote 93:

For an account of its spectral changes, see Campbell in _Astr. and

Astr.-Physics_, vol. xi., p. 698.

Footnote 94:

Barnard, _Knowledge_, vol. viii., p. 229.

Footnote 95:

Denning: _Astronomy and Astro-Physics_, vol. xii., p. 371.

Footnote 96:

_Astroph. Journal_, Jan., 1896, p. 42.

Footnote 97:

Ranyard: _Knowledge_, vol. ix., p. 159.

Footnote 98:

“Publications Astr. Pac. Society,” vol. vii., p. 166.

Footnote 99:

Hussey: _loc. cit._, p. 171.

Footnote 100:

Holden: “Publ. Astr. Pac. Society,” vol. ii., p. 19. H. A. Newton:

_Ibid._, vol. iii., p. 91.

Footnote 101:

“Report Bri. Ass.,” 1891, p. 805.

Footnote 102:

S. Meunier: “Encycl. Chimique,” t. ii., p. 461.

Footnote 103:

Young: “Gen. Astr.,” p. 435.

Footnote 104:

Cornish: _Knowledge_, vol. vi., p. 163.

Footnote 105:

_Journal Brit. Astr. Ass._, vol. vi., p. 432.

Footnote 106:

H. A. Newton: “Proc. Amer. Phil. Society,” vol. xxxii.

Footnote 107:

Quoted by Sir F. Palgrave: “Phil. Trans.,” vol. cxxx., p. 175.

Footnote 108:

_Observatory_, April, 1895.

Footnote 109:

_Observatory_, Jan., 1896.

Footnote 110:

It has been recently seen again in America.

Footnote 111:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, March, 1891.

Footnote 112:

_Nature_, Feb. 13, 1896.

Footnote 113:

“Planetary and Stellar Studies,” p. 257.

Footnote 114:

See Chapter V.

Footnote 115:

_Comptes Rendus_, March 30, 1896.

Footnote 116:

_Nature_, April 30, 1896.

Footnote 117:

“Cape Observations,” p. 34.

Footnote 118:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, vol. iv., No. 11,

p. 21.

Footnote 119:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, vol. vi., No. 6, p.

312.

Footnote 120:

Recent observations show that the total variation is 2·71

magnitudes—the largest variation known for an Algol star.

Footnote 121:

“Cosmos,” Bohn’s edition, vol. iii., p. 205.

Footnote 122:

It was, however, asserted by Herlicius that he had seen it on Sept.

27.

Footnote 123:

The spectrum, however, seems to have since become continuous.

Footnote 124:

_Astronomical Journal_, No. 100.

Footnote 125:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, March, 1892.

Footnote 126:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, February, 1895,

vol. v. No. 4.

Footnote 127:

_Ibid._, April, 1895, p. 328.

Footnote 128:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, February, 1892.

Footnote 129:

_The Observatory_, December, 1895.

Footnote 130:

“Planetary and Stellar Studies,” p. 188.

Footnote 131:

_Nature_, September 6, 1894.

Footnote 132:

_Nature_, June 4, 1896.

Footnote 133:

“Cosmos,” vol. iii., Bohn’s edition, p. 192.

Footnote 134:

Humboldt’s “Cosmos,” Bohn’s edition, vol. iv., pp. 327, 328.

Footnote 135:

_Monthly Notices_, Royal Astronomical Society, June, 1888.

Footnote 136:

“Old and New Astronomy,” p. 794.

Footnote 137:

_Nature_, June 4, 1896.

Footnote 138:

_Nature_, September, 1894.

Footnote 139:

_Ibid._, October 4, 1894.

Footnote 140:

“Outlines of Astronomy,” tenth edition, p. 657.

Footnote 141:

_Nature_, November, 21, 1895.

Footnote 142:

_Nature_, January 16, 1896.

Footnote 143:

_Nature_, August 9, 1888.

Footnote 144:

Humboldt’s “Cosmos,” Bohn’s edition, vol, iii., p. 143.

Footnote 145:

See _Knowledge_, June, 1895.

Footnote 146:

“The Universe and the Coming Transits,” p. 200.

Footnote 147:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, May, 1895, p. 383.

Footnote 148:

_Knowledge_, May, 1896.

Footnote 149:

_Knowledge_, July, 1891.

Footnote 150:

_Knowledge_, January, 1894, p. 17.

Footnote 151:

_Journal of the British Astronomical Association_, April, 1895, p.

304.

Footnote 152:

The Italics are Herschel’s.

Footnote 153:

A full discussion of Struve’s views will be found in Chapter XVI. of

“The Visible Universe,” by the present writer.

Footnote 154:

“The Meteoritic Theory,” pp. 380, 381.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

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D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, NEW YORK.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Page Changed from Changed to

475 the diameter of our sun, I find, the diameter of our sun, I find,

from the above date, that the from the above data, that the

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