not throw away what I have already done. Only have me set upon my feet,
and clad again in my armor, and I will accomplish my work.”
The Knight had the Horse set upon his feet, bound up his wound, and
armed him again in proof. Mounted on the Destrier, he broke down the
seventh camp, and brought back alive the seventh king.
They led the Horse to the King’s gate, and the King came up to look at
him.
Then said the Great Being: “Great King, slay not these seven kings: bind
them by an oath, and let them go. Let the Knight enjoy the honor due to
us both. As for you, exercise charity, keep the Ornaments, and rule your
kingdom in righteousness and justice.” When the Horse had thus exhorted
the King, they took off his mail, but as they were taking it off
piecemeal, he passed away.
The King had the body buried with due respect, bestowed great honors on
the Knight, and sent the kings to their homes, after exacting from each
an oath never to war upon him any more. And he ruled his kingdom in
righteousness and justice, passing away when his life closed, to fare
thereafter according to his deserts.
The story was told by the Master about a brother who gave up
persevering.
“Brethren, in bygone days the wise and good persevered even in hostile
surroundings, and even when they were wounded they did not give in.
Whereas you who have devoted yourself to so saving a doctrine, how comes
it that you give up persevering?”
THE MONKEY THAT SAVED THE HERD
It came to pass that the Buddha was re-born as the King of the monkeys.
He lived with his herd of 80,000 monkeys in a thick forest, near a lake.
In this lake there lived an ogre who used to devour all those who went
down to the water.
The Buddha spoke to his subjects and said: “My friends, in this forest
there are trees that are poisoned, and lakes that are haunted by ogres.
Eat no fruit and drink no water of which you have not already tasted
without consulting me.”
This they agreed to. And one day, having arrived at a spot which they
had never visited before, they found a great lake. They did not drink,
but awaited the return of their King.
Now when he arrived he went round the lake, and found that all the
footsteps led down to the lake, but none came up again. And he said:
“Without doubt this is the haunt of an ogre.”
When this water-ogre saw that they were not invading his domain he
appeared in the form of a terrible monster with a blue belly, a white
face, and bright red hands and feet. In this shape he came out of the
water and said to the King: “Why are you seated here? Go down to the
lake to drink.” But the King said: “Are you not the ogre of this water?”
“Yes, I am,” was the answer. “Do you take as your prey all those who go
down into this water?” “Yes, I do, from small birds upwards. I never let
anything go which comes down into this water. I will eat the lot of you,
too.” “But we shall not let you eat us.” “Just drink the water.” “Yes,
we will drink the water, and yet not fall into your power.” “How do you
propose to drink the water, then?” “Ah, you think we shall have to go
down to the water to drink; whereas we shall not enter the water at all,
but the whole eighty thousand of us will take a cane each and drink
therewith from your lake as easily as through the hollow stalk of a
lotus. And so you will not be able to eat us.”
So saying the King had a cane brought to him, and in true belief that
the miracle would take place he blew down the cane, which straightway
became hollow throughout, without a single knot being left in its
length. In this fashion he had another, and another brought, and blew
down them. Then he made the tour of the lake, and commanded, saying,
“Let all canes growing here become hollow throughout.” Now, thanks to
the saving goodness of their re-born chiefs, their commands are always
fulfilled. And henceforth every single cane that grew round that lake
became hollow throughout. After giving his commands the King seated
himself with a cane in his hand. All the other 80,000 monkeys, too,
seated themselves round the lake each with a cane in his hands. At the
same moment when the King sucked up the water through his cane, they all
drank in the same manner as they sat on the bank. This was the way they
drank, and the ogre could get no power over any one of them, so he went
off in a rage to his habitation. The King, with his following of 80,000
monkeys, went back into the forest.
THE MALLARD THAT ASKED FOR TOO MUCH
And it came to pass that the Buddha (to be) was born a Brahmin, and
growing up was married to a bride of his own rank, who bore him three
daughters.
After his death he was born again as a Golden Mallard, and he determined
to give his golden feathers one at a time to enable his wife and
daughters to live in comfort. So away he flew to where they dwelt, and
alighted on the central beam of the roof.
Seeing the Bodisat, the wife and girls asked where he had come from, and
he told them that he was their father who had died and been born a
Golden Mallard, and that he had come to bring them help. “You shall have
my golden feathers, one by one,” he said. He gave them one and departed.
From time to time he returned to give them another feather, and they
became quite wealthy.
But one day the mother said: “There’s no trusting animals, my children.
Who’s to say your father might not go away one of these days and never
return? Let us use our time, and pluck him clean the next time he comes,
so as to make sure of all his feathers.” Thinking this would pain him,
the daughters refused. The mother in her greed plucked the Mallard
herself, and as she plucked them against his wish, they ceased to be
golden and became like a crane’s feathers. His wings grew again, but
they were plain white; he flew away to his own abode and never came
back.
THE MERCHANT WHO OVERCAME ALL OBSTACLES
Once upon a time the Buddha (to be) was born in a merchant’s family; and
when he grew up he went about trafficking with five hundred carts.
One day he arrived at a sandy desert twenty leagues across. The sand in
that desert was so fine that when taken in the closed fist it could not
be kept in the hand. After the sun had risen it became as hot as a mass
of charcoal, so that no man could walk on it. Those, therefore, who had
to travel over it took wood and water and oil and rice in their carts,
and traveled during the night. And at daybreak they formed an
encampment, and spread an awning over it, and, taking their meals early,
they passed the day sitting in the shade. At sunset they supped; and
when the ground had become cool, they yoked their oxen and went on. The
traveling was like a voyage over the sea: a so-called land-pilot had to
be chosen, and he brought the caravan safe to the other side by his
knowledge of the stars.
On this occasion the merchant of our story traversed the desert in that
way. And when he had passed over fifty-nine leagues, he thought: “Now in
one more night we shall get out of the sand.” And after supper he
directed the wood and water to be thrown away, and the wagons to be
yoked, and so set out. The pilot had cushions arranged on the foremost
cart, and lay down looking at the stars, and directing them where to
drive. But, worn out by want of rest during the long march, he fell
asleep, and did not perceive that the oxen had turned around and taken
the same road by which they had come.
The oxen went on the whole night through. Towards dawn the pilot woke
up, and, observing the stars, called out: “Stop the wagons! Stop the
wagons!” The day broke just as they had stopped, and were drawing up the
carts in a line. Then the men cried out: “Why, this is the very
encampment we left yesterday! Our wood and water is all gone! We are
lost!” And unyoking the oxen, and spreading the canopy over their heads,
they lay down in despondency, each one under his wagon.
But the Bodisat, saying to himself, “If I lose heart, all these will
perish,” walked about while the morning was yet cool. And on seeing a
tuft of Kusa grass, he thought: “This must have grown by attracting some
water which there must be beneath it.”
And he made them bring a hoe and dig in that spot. And they dug sixty
cubits deep. And when they had got thus far, the spade of the diggers
struck on a rock, and as soon as it struck, they all gave up in despair.
But the Bodisat thought, “There must be water under that rock,” and,
stooping down, applied his ear to it and tested the sound of it. And he
heard the sound of water gurgling beneath. And he got out and called his
page. “My lad, if you give up now, we shall all be lost. Don’t you lose
heart. Take this iron hammer, and go down into the pit and give the rock
a good blow.”
The lad obeyed, and though they all stood by in despair, he went down
full of determination, and struck at the stone. And the rock split in
two and fell below, and no longer blocked up the stream. And water rose
till its brim was the height of a palm-tree in the well. And they all
drank of the water, and bathed in it. Then they split up their extra
yokes and axles, and cooked rice and ate it, and fed their oxen with it.
And when the sun set, they put up a flag by the well and went to the
place appointed. There they sold their merchandise at double and treble
profit, and returned to their own home, and lived to a good old age, and
then passed away according to their deeds. And the Bodisat gave gifts,
and did other virtuous acts, and passed away according to his deeds.
THE ELEPHANT THAT WAS HONORED IN OLD AGE
And the Buddha as Prime Minister served the King. Now there was a
certain She-Elephant endowed with great might which enabled her to go a
hundred leagues a day. She did the duties of messenger to the King, and
in battle she fought and crushed the enemy. The King said: “She is very
serviceable to me.”
He gave her ornaments, and caused all honor to be shown her. Then, when
she was weak from age, the King took away all the honor he had bestowed.
From that time she was unprotected, and lived by eating grass and leaves
in the forest.
And one day the chief Potter had not enough oxen to yoke to the carts
which carried the material for making clay. And the King said: “Where is
our She-Elephant?”
“O King! she is wandering at her will in the forest.”
And the King said: “Do thou yoke her to the cart.”
And the Potter said: “Good, O King!” And he did even as the King
commanded.
But when this insult was offered to the Elephant, she came to the Prime
Minister and said: “O Wise Being! I pray you listen to my tale. When I
was young, great strength was mine; and I did walk a hundred leagues to
bear the King’s messages, and, with weapons bound upon my body, I did
take part in battle, crushing the enemy beneath my feet. And now I am
old, and the King hath withdrawn all the honors he bestowed upon me, and
not content with allowing me to wander and feed on grass, unprotected in
my old age, he has _even caused me to be yoked to_ the Potter’s cart as
are the oxen.”
Then the Buddha promised that he would plead her cause, and appearing
before the King, he asked: “Great King, did not a She-Elephant covered
with weapons do battle for thee; and on such and such a day, with a
writing upon her neck, did she not go a hundred leagues on a message?
Thou didst bestow upon her great honor. I pray thee tell me, where is
she now?”
And the King, in some confusion, made answer: “Behold, she is yoked to a
cart.”
Then did the Buddha speak in sorrowful anger to the King, and rebuked
him, saying: “Thou hast yoked this Elephant to a cart after all the
services she has rendered. Then was the honor only bestowed because of
more services expected?”
And all who heard him received his instruction, and the King restored
the She-Elephant to her former place of honor.
THE FAITHFUL FRIEND
Long ago, when Brahma-datta was reigning in Benares, the Bodisat became
his Minister.
At that time a dog used to go to the state elephant’s stable, and feed
on the lumps of rice which fell where the elephant fed. Being attracted
there by the food, he soon became great friends with the elephant, and
used to eat close by him. At last neither of them was happy without the
other; and the dog used to amuse himself by catching hold of the
elephant’s trunk, and swinging to and fro.
But one day there came a peasant who gave the elephant-keeper money for
the dog, and took it back with him to his village. From that time the
elephant, missing the dog, would neither eat nor drink nor bathe. And
they let the King know about it.
He sent the Bodisat, saying: “Do you go, Pandit, and find out what’s the
cause of the elephant’s behavior.”
So he went to the stable, and seeing how sad the elephant looked, said
to himself: “There seems to be nothing bodily the matter with him. He
must be so overwhelmed with grief by missing some one, I should think,
who had become near and dear to him.” And he asked the elephant-keepers:
“Is there any one with whom he is particularly intimate?”
“Certainly, Sir! There was a dog of whom he was very fond indeed.”
“Where is it now?”
“Some man or other took it away.”
“Do you know where the man lives?”
“No, Sir!”
Then the Bodisat went and told the King. “There’s nothing the matter
with the elephant, your majesty; but he was great friends with a dog,
and I fancy it’s through missing it that he refuses his food.”
When the King heard what he said, he asked what was now to be done.
“Have a proclamation made, O King, to this effect: 'A man is said to
have taken away a dog of whom our state elephant was fond. In whose
house soever that dog shall be found, he shall be fined so much!’”
The King did so; and, as soon as he heard of it, the man turned the dog
loose. The dog hastened back, and went close up to the elephant. The
elephant took him up in his trunk and placed him on his forehead, and
wept and cried, and took him down again, and watched him as he fed. And
then he took his own food.
Then the King paid great honor to the Bodisat for knowing the motives
even of animals.
THE HAWK AND THE OSPREY
There lived once, on the shores of a natural lake, a Hawk on the south
shore, a She-Hawk on the west shore, on the north a Lion, the king of
beasts, on the east the Osprey, the king of birds, in the middle a
Tortoise on a small island.
Now the Hawk asked the She-Hawk to become his wife. She asked him: “Have
you any friends?” “No, madam,” he replied. “But,” she said, “we must
have some friends who can defend us against any danger or trouble that
may arise. Therefore I beg of you to find some friends.” “But,” said the
Hawk, “with whom shall I make friends?” “Why, with King Osprey, who
lives on the eastern shore, with King Lion on the north, and with the
Tortoise who lives in the middle of the lake.”
And he took her advice. And all these creatures formed a bond of
friendship, and promised to protect each other in time of danger.
Now in time the Mother-Hawk had two sons. One day when the wings of the
young birds were not yet callow, some of the country-folk went foraging
through the woods all day and found nothing.
They went down to the lake to catch fish or a tortoise, and, in order to
drive away the gnats, they made a fire by rubbing sticks together. The
smoke annoyed the young birds, and they uttered a cry. The men said:
“’Tis the cry of birds—we will make a fire and eat their flesh.” They
made the fire blaze and built it up.
But the Mother-Bird heard the sound, and thought: “These men will eat
our young ones. I will send my mate to the Great Osprey.” This she did,
and the bird promised to help. He sat upon a tree-top near that in which
the Hawks had built their nests, and no sooner did the men begin to
climb up the tree than the Osprey dived into the lake, and from wings
and back sprinkled water upon the brands and put the fire out. Down came
the men and made another fire, but again the Osprey put it out, and this
went on until midnight.
And the bird was tired out and his eyes were bloodshot. And the
Mother-Bird whispered to her mate: “My Lord, the Osprey is worn out! Go
and tell the Tortoise, that this weary bird may have a rest.”
But the Osprey in a loud voice said he would gladly give his life to
guard the tree. And the grateful Hawk said: “I pray thee, friend Osprey,
rest awhile.” Then he went for help to the Tortoise, who said he would
gladly help, but his son said: “I would not have my old father troubled,
but I will gladly go in his stead.”
And the Tortoise collected mud and quenched the flame. Then said the
men: “Let us kill the Tortoise: he will be enough for all.” But when
they plucked creepers to bind him and tried to turn him over, he dragged
them into the water. And they said: “What strange things have happened
to us! Half the night the Osprey has put out our fire, and now the
Tortoise has dragged us in after him and made us swallow water. Let us
light another fire, and at sunrise we will eat these young Hawks.”
The Hen-Bird heard the noise and said: “My husband—sooner or later these
men will devour our young and depart. You go and tell our friend the
Lion.” At once the Hawk went to the Lion, who asked him why he came at
such an unreasonable hour. But when the whole matter was put before him,
he said: “Go and comfort your young ones, for I will save them.” And
then he came forth with a mighty tread, and the men were terrified.
“Alas!” they cried. “The Osprey hath put out our fire. The Tortoise
dragged us into the water. But now we are done for: the Lion will
destroy us at once.” They ran this way and that, and when the noble
beast stood at the foot of the tree, no trace could be found of the
frightened men.
Then the Osprey, the Hawk, the She-Hawk, and the Tortoise came up to
greet him, and they discoursed for a long time on the value of
friendship. And this company of friends lived all their lives without
breaking their bond. And they passed away according to their deeds.
GRANDMOTHER’S GOLDEN DISH
Long ago the Bodisat was a dealer in tin and brass ware, named Seriva,
in the country of that name. This Seriva, together with another dealer
in tin and brass ware, who was an avaricious man, crossed the river
Tēlavāha, and entered the town called Andhapura. And, dividing the
streets of the city between them, the Bodisat went round selling his
goods in the street allotted to him, while the other took the street
that fell to him.
Now in that city there was a wealthy family reduced to abject poverty.
All the sons and brothers in the family had died, and all its property
had been lost. Only one girl and her grandmother were left; and those
two gained their living by serving others for hire. There was indeed in
the house the vessel of gold out of which the head of the house used to
eat in the days of its prosperity; but it was covered with dirt, and had
long lain neglected and unused among the pots and pans. And they did not
even know that it was of gold.
At that time the avaricious hawker, as he was going along, calling out,
“Buy my water-pots! Buy my water-pots!” came to the door of their house.
When the girl saw him, she said to her grandmother: “Mother! do buy me
an ornament.”
“But we are poor, dear. What shall we give in exchange for it?”
“This dish of ours is no use to us; you can give that away and get one.”
The old woman called the hawker, and, after asking him to take a seat,
gave him the dish, and said: “Will you take this, Sir, and give
something to your little sister for it?”
The hawker took the dish, and thought: “This must be gold!” And turning
it round, he scratched a line on its back with a needle, and found that
it was so. Then, hoping to get the dish without giving them anything, he
said: “What is this worth? It is not even worth a halfpenny!” And
throwing it on the ground, he got up from his seat and went away.
Now, it was allowed to either hawker to enter the street which the other
had left. And the Bodisat came into that street, and calling out, “Buy
my water-pots,” came up to the door of that very house. And the girl
spoke to her grandmother as before. But the grandmother said: “My child,
the dealer who came just now threw the dish on the floor, and went away;
what have I now got to give him in exchange?”
“That merchant, mother dear, was a surly man; but this one looks
pleasant, and has a kind voice: perchance he may take it.”
“Call him, then,” said she.
So she called him. And when he had come in and sat down, they gave him
the dish. He saw that it was gold, and said: “Mother! this dish is worth
a hundred thousand. All the goods in my possession are not equal to it
in value!”
“But, Sir, a hawker who came just now threw it on the ground, and went
away, saying it was not worth a halfpenny. It must have been changed
into gold by the power of your virtue, so we make you a present of it.”
The Bodisat gave them all the cash he had in hand (five hundred pieces),
and all his stock-in-trade, worth five hundred more. He asked of them
only to let him keep eight pennies, and the bag and the yoke that he
used to carry his things with. And these he took and departed.
And going quickly to the river-side, he gave those eight pennies to a
boatman, and got into the boat.
But the covetous hawker came back to the house, and said: “Bring out
that dish, I’ll give you something for it.”
Then she scolded him, and said: “You said our gold dish, worth a hundred
thousand, was not worth a halfpenny. But a just dealer, who seems to be
your master, gave us a thousand for it, and has taken it away.”
When he heard this he called out: “Through this fellow I have lost a
golden pot worth—Oh, worth a hundred thousand! He has ruined me
altogether!” And bitter sorrow overcame him, and he was unable to retain
his presence of mind, and he lost all self command. And scattering the
money he had, and all the goods, at the door of the house, he seized as
a club the yoke by which he had carried them, and tore off his clothes,
and pursued after the Bodisat.
When he reached the river-side, he saw the Bodisat going away, and he
cried out: “Hallo, Boatman! stop the boat!”
But the Bodisat said: “Don’t stop!” and so prevented that. And as the
other gazed and gazed at the departing Bodisat, he was torn with violent
grief; his heart grew hot, and blood flowed from his mouth until his
heart broke—like tank-mud in the heat of the sun.
Thus harboring hatred against the Bodisat, he brought about on that very
spot his own destruction. This was the first time that Devadatta
harbored hatred against the Bodisat.
But the Bodisat gave gifts, and did other good acts, and passed away
according to his deeds.
THE ELEPHANT THAT SPARED LIFE
At that time the Bodisat was born as a nobleman’s son. On the naming-day
they gave him the name of Prince Magha, and when he grew up he was known
as “Magha the young Brahmin.”
His parents procured him a wife from a family of equal rank; and,
increasing in sons and daughters, he became a great giver of gifts, and
kept the Five Commandments.
In that village there were as many as thirty families; and one day the
men of those families stopped in the middle of the village to transact
some village business. The Bodisat removed with his feet the lumps of
soil on the place where he stood, and made the spot convenient to stand
on; but another came up and stood there. Then he smoothed out another
spot, and took his stand there; but another man came and stood upon it.
Still the Bodisat tried again and again, with the same result, until he
had made convenient standing-room for all the thirty.
The next time he had an open-roofed shed put up there; and then pulled
that down, and built a hall, and had benches spread in it, and a
water-pot placed there. On another occasion those thirty men were
reconciled by the Bodisat, who confirmed them in the Five Commandments;
and thenceforward he continued with them in works of piety.
Whilst they were so living they used to rise up early, go out with
bill-hooks and crowbars in their hands, tear up with the crowbars the
stones in the four high roads and village paths, and roll them away,
take away the trees which would be in the way of vehicles, make the
rough places plain, form causeways, dig ponds, build public halls, give
gifts, and keep the Commandments—thus, in many ways, all the dwellers in
the village listened to the exhortations of the Bodisat, and kept the
Commandments.
Now the village headman said to himself: “I used to have great gain from
fines, and taxes, and pot-money, when these fellows drank strong drink,
or took life, or broke the other Commandments. But now Magha the young
Brahmin has determined to have the Commandments kept, and permits none
to take life, or to do anything else that is wrong. I’ll make them keep
the Commandments with a vengeance!”
And he went in a rage to the King, and said: “O King! there are a number
of robbers going about sacking the villages!”