THE VOYAGE
Captain Foster boarded at the Vanderslice home (afterwards marrying
one of the daughters) in the Meaher settlement. This was about three
miles from Mobile and a mile from the ship-yard at the mouth of
Chickasabogue. When starting for Africa, he left home by night, slung
his bag of gold across his shoulder, and went alone through the woods
to the river where the _Clotilde_ lay. He pulled out a part of the
cabin bulk-head and concealed his gold behind it. He then picked up
his crew, got under way, and passed out of the Gulf of Mexico without
incident or mishap. When on the Atlantic he was alarmed to find by
the stars that the _Clotilde_ was drifting out of her course. He knew
no cause, and she continued to drift. One night he lay on his bunk,
sleepless and wondering. Like an inspiration the thought came that
the hidden gold was too near the compass. He arose, moved the gold,
and the needle swung into position. A terrific hurricane blew him to
the Cape Verde Islands, where he had to stop for repairs. The crew
mutinied. They threatened that if he did not promise more pay, they
would inform the officials of the purpose of his voyage. Foster did
not hesitate to comply, for promises cost nothing and he sometimes
found it unnecessary to keep them. His wife in relating this incident
remarked that the captain had always said that “promises were like
pie-crust--made to be broken.” He made friends with the Portuguese
officials and the United States Consul, and as a part of his policy
presented handsome shawls and ornaments to their wives. These had been
bought in Mobile and stowed away to be used in such emergencies. No
questions were asked Foster. The repairs finished, he sailed away. He
arrived safely in the Gulf of Guinea and had to anchor more than a mile
out and be taken ashore in a small boat which was built to cut through
the surf. When about to pass through a breaker, a warning would be
given to Foster to hold his nose. On reaching shore he was placed in
a hammock and conveyed by six stalwart blacks to the presence of a
prince of Dahomey--a great, stout black, weighing over three hundred
pounds. This prince was hospitable in his attentions and entertained
Foster with the sights of Whydah. One which he did not relish was a
large square enclosure in which were thousands of snakes. Walking among
these creatures was both trying and disgusting. They were kept for
religious ceremonials.
This prince wished to make a present to Foster, so asked him to select
for himself a native--one that the “superior wisdom and exalted taste”
of Foster designated the finest specimen. Gumpa was his choice, Foster
making this selection with the intention of flattering the prince to
whom Gumpa was nearly related. This accounts for the presence of one
of Dahomey’s tribe in the African settlement near Mobile. He became
known as African Peter and was a conspicuous figure in the life of the
settlement. He used to tell his story in the simple phrase, “My people
sold me and your people bought me.”
After many hospitalities, Foster was taken to the stockade where the
Tarkars were imprisoned. They were placed in circles composed of ten
men or ten women, Foster standing in the middle. This was another trial
for the unfortunates, and Kazoola says, in language which any one could
understand, “He looka, an’ looka, an’ looka. Then he point to one.” The
one indicated would be taken out of the circle and placed to one side;
then Foster would point to another, who would be placed with the one
already selected. Foster picked out one hundred and thirty, after which
he got into the hammock and was conveyed across the river to the beach.
Behind him marched the Tarkars, chained one behind the other. They had
to wade, the water coming up to their necks. On the beach they had
their first view of the sea, and the realization that they had to go
out into it was another horror. They wore clothes made of cotton--the
same they had worn when captured--but as they stepped into the small
boats which were to take them to the _Clotilde_, the Dahomeyans, always
vicious and avaricious, tore their garments from them, saying “You go
where you can get plenty of clothes.” Men and women alike were left
entirely nude, and this fact is still a humiliation to the Tarkars.
They regard the accusations of some American negroes that they were a
naked people as a great indignity.
As the Tarkars were taken aboard the _Clotilde_, they were put into
the hole. In this respect the _Clotilde_ was better equipped than most
slavers; the usual space in which the “middle passage” was made was
from two and a half to three feet in height, and the miserable captives
were stowed away much as sardines are packed in cans, without even room
to sit up. The hole of the _Clotilde_ was deep enough to permit of the
men of lesser stature to stand erect. The top of the hole was shut down
and the Tarkars were left in darkness to grieve and wonder.
When a hundred and sixteen had been brought aboard, Foster went up into
the rigging with his glasses to look about the harbor. He saw that all
of Dahomey’s vessels were flying black flags. He hurried down and gave
orders to leave all slaves who were not yet aboard; to weigh anchor and
to get immediately under way. The treacherous Dahomeyans dealt also
in piracy, and were making ready to bear down upon the _Clotilde_,
recapture the slaves, and take Foster and the crew prisoners. The
_Clotilde_ made her escape. When out some miles, the _Clotilde_ was
sighted by an English cruiser. The slaver was a small craft, and Foster
by using a favorite tactic--an elusive tacking--evaded the English.
Once in the wake of the trade-winds the _Clotilde_ sailed towards her
destination at a lively speed.
[Illustration: =Map Drawn by Kazoola.=
(_1_) Tarkar Village. (_2_) Dahomey’s Land. (_3_) Wavering line showing
stealthy march of Dahomeyans through forest. (_4_) Route by which
captive Tarkars were taken to the sea. (_5_), (_6_), (_7_), (_8_), Eko,
Budigree, Adaché, Whydah, towns through which Tarkars passed. (_9_)
River. (_10_) Beach and sea.]
At the end of the thirteenth day the Africans were removed from their
close, dark quarters. Their limbs were so cramped and numbed they
refused to obey their wills, so they were supported by some of the
crew and walked around the deck until the use of their limbs returned.
Tottering on deck, to their astonished, terror-stricken eyes the sea
stretched all around them: “We looka, an’ looka, an’ looka--nothin’ but
sky and water. Whar we com’ from, we do not know--whar we go, we do not
know” (Kazoola). One day they saw islands. The Tarkars say that on the
twentieth day, Foster seemed uneasy; that he always had his glasses to
his eyes; that he climbed the mast, and looked for a long time; then he
came hurriedly down, ordered the sails down, threw out the anchors,
and ordered the Tarkars back into the hole. Thus the _Clotilde_ lay
until night.
The Tarkars were naturally close observers; during the voyage they seem
to have been particularly alert. They noted the varying colors of the
sea--how at first it was blue, then green and how they passed through
water that seemed blood-red. Foster was kind to them. They could eat
the food--hunger makes anything palatable. Though their mental anguish
was great, they suffered physically only for water. About a gill was
given them at morning and at evening, and this tasted of vinegar.
During such voyages, it was necessary that the water be conserved.
Their only relief came when they caught rain in their parched hands and
mouths.
When the _Clotilde_ sailed into American waters, the Africans were
put into the hole--there to remain until relief came in capture or a
successful landing. Three days before they landed, when the _Clotilde_
lay waiting behind the islands in Mississippi Sound and near the lower
end of Mobile Bay, a bunch of green boughs was brought to them to show
that the voyage was almost at an end.
To make the hiding more secure, the _Clotilde_ was dismasted. Then
Foster got into a small boat, rowed by four sailors to go to the
western shore of Mobile Bay, intending to send word to Meaher that the
_Clotilde_ had arrived. His approach was regarded with suspicion by
some men ashore, and he was fired upon. Waving a white handkerchief
their doubts were allayed and he offered fifty dollars for a conveyance
which would take him to Mobile.