(B) Eastern “Horn” of Africa
291 _acoan_: Aicoum de Afra, Leardo, 1448 (Santarem, iii, 437); Hascum,
Mauro;=?Axum in Abyssinia (La R., ii, 115).
292 _safola_: Sofrala, Mauro;=?Sofala.
293 _medi_|_fola_: =?—294 _prouinzie_ | _dofir_: P. Davaro,
Mauro;=?Dawaro in Abyssinia (La R., ii, 113, 132).
295 _gfen_|_uj_(?): =?
296 _flmodo_(?): =?
297 _dela .._ (?): =?
(C) Central Region
298 _milua_|_s_(?): =?
299 _Inperio del_ | _presto Jani_ (Empire of Prester John): Prester John
is shown in this part of Africa on CA and CE. On the origins of the
legend of Prester John and on the transference of the realm of this
mythical potentate from Asia to Africa in popular tradition see Kret.,
CE, 99-101; Wright, Lore, 283-286.
300 _ta . . ._ |_n_(?): =?
301 _grafai_: =?
302 _fe . . ._(?): =?
303 _mesa_: Con. (36) says that Prester John always resides at Malsa
(Jiménez de la Espada, 222; La R., i, 61).
304 _carap_(?): =?
Longer Legends
305 _DIXERTO DEXABITADO PER CALDO_ (desert uninhabited on account of
heat): Leardo, 1448, Walsperger, 1448, and Borgia, 1452, “all show a
similar torrid zone, though the theory was protested against by Fra
Mauro, Diogo Gomez, and doubtless by others” (A. Rainaud, Le continent
austral: hypothèses et découvertes, Paris, 1893, 199); on the
development and history of this theory see especially Rainaud, passim;
also Wright, Lore, 18, 157-161.
306 _dixerto_.
307 _qui nase homeni | che ano Il uolto | nel petto_ (here are born men
who have the face in the chest): Such monsters are described by Solinus,
31,5; Isidore, Etym., XI, 3, 17; and shown on the Hereford map (Miller,
Mappaemundi, iv, 45).
XII. Middle and Lower Nile Region
Mountains
308 _M^o. dimas_: Mons dimas, Mauro;=?
309 _M^o. libuzio_: Montes Libyci, Ptol. (IV, 5: 19 (FA14));=escarpment
overlooking Nile Valley on W (PW, xiii, 148).
310 _M^o. pilazi_: Mons Pollaza, Mauro; ?Pylaei Montes in Ethiopia,
Ptol. (IV, 7: 26 (FA15));=?
311 _M^o. arazas_: Arangas Mons, in Lybia Interior, Ptol. (IV, 6: 12
(FA15));=?
Rivers and Lakes
312 _f. nillo_: The course of the Nile and its tributaries corresponds
essentially with that of CE (Kret., CE, 89-91; see also 338).
313 _f. stapus_: Astapus Fl. in Ethiopia, Ptol. (IV, 7:24 (FA15));=Bahr
al-Azraq, or Blue Nile (PW, ii, 1775-1776; Besnier, 96).
Other Natural Features
314 _Etiopia dezito_: Ethiopian desert.
315 _Libia dixerta_; Deserta Libya, Ptol. (IV, 3:27 (FA13)).
316 _dixerta arenoxa | qui nase animali quat|rupedi che ano Il uolto
| domo_ (sandy desert where are born quadruped animals which have the
face of a man): Possibly refers to the mantichora of Pliny (Nat. hist.,
VIII, 21; see Wright, Lore, 468).
317 _y^a. meroe_: Island of Meroë, Ptol. (IV, 7 (FA15)).
Edifices
(A) West Coast of Red Sea
318 _filistina_: =Palestine.
319 _aid . p_(?): Aydip, CA;=Aidhab.
320 _cidor_(?): =?
321 _climas_: Climas, Mauro;=?
(B) On the Nile and Stapus
322 _alesan|dria_: Alexandria, CA.
323 _babilonia_: Babillonja, CA; Babilonia, CE;=the medieval name of Old
Cairo.
324 _sacon_: Sohan, CA; Soan, CE;=anct. Syene, mod. Aswan.
325 _bac ._(?): =?
326, 327, 328, 329 Illeg.
(C) On North Shore of West African Gulf
330, 331 Illeg.
Place Name, West Coast of Red Sea
332 _tes_ (or _tos_): ?Chos, CA; Con.;=?Qoseir
XIII. Upper Nile Region and West Africa
Mountains
333 _M^o. Bardtion_(?): Bardetus Mons in Ethiopia Interior, Ptol. (IV,
8: 6 (FA15)).
334 _M^o. Lune docho | nasitur nillo_ (Mountains of the Moon from which
the Nile rises): According to a long legend on CE these mountains are
called “Gibel Camar by the Saracens, which means Mountains of the Moon
in our tongue”; they are so high that although they lie on the equator
both poles may be seen from them. The famous Mountains of the Moon were
first mentioned by Ptolemy (IV, 8: 3); see also Kret., CE. 91-92.
335 _M^o. capis_: Caphas Mons in Libya Interior, Ptol. (IV, 6: 9
(FA15)); see PW, x, 1892.
336 _M^o. deo ue | chulum_(?): ?Deorum Currus Mons in Libya Interior,
Ptol. (IV, 6:9 (FA15)); farthest point south on W coast of Africa
reached by Hanno;=Mt. Sagres in Sierra Leone (Vivien de St. Martin,
394-396);=Cameroons Mountain (see articles by J. de Hart in Journ.
African Soc., xxv, 1926, 264-277 (noted in Geogr. Rev., xvi, 1926,
661-662), and by R. Hennig in Geogr. Zeitschr., xxxiii, 1927, 378-392).
Island
337 _y^a. de prenje_: ?Insula Palola, Carignano, Piz. (Fischer, 141);=?
Rivers, Lake, Seacoast
338 The upper course of the Nile with the great lake and its tributaries
rising in the Mountains of the Moon (334) corresponds essentially to CE
(Kret., CE, 89-91); CE, however, shows a subterranean passage of the
river W of Meroe. On ancient and medieval theories regarding the course
of the Nile, see Simar, passim; Langenmaier, 47-48; Wright, Lore,
304-306. See also 312, 334.
339 The bay with the red, cross-shaped island is represented on CE by an
island in the delta of the West-African river.
Desert
340 _mare | arenoxe_ (Sandy Sea): On CE there are two legends indicating
sandy areas in West Africa (Kret., CE, 96).
Edifices
(A) North of Nile-Senegal
341 _R^o doga|n ._(?): ?Organa, CA; Rey dOrgana, CE;=empire of Ghana or
Kanem (La R., i, 136).
342 _R^o....._(?): =?
343 _almesia_: Almesia, CA;=Mzab (La R., i, 136).
344 _ma .._ (?): =?
(B) South of Nile-Senegal
345-349 Illeg.
350 _R^o m...|nel_(?): =?.
351 Illeg.
Place Names
(A) Between Mt. Bardtion and the Mountains of the Moon
352 _elcor_(?): Probably an Arabic name with article, el;=?
353 _anesa_: =?
354 _elundia_: see 352;=?
355 _dendenie_: ?Dendi of Antony Malfant’s narrative of a voyage to Tuat
in 1447 (La R., i, 154).
356 _dris|na_: =?
357 _solla_: Soll, CE; ?Sala, Idrisi;=?Sele, S of Timbuktu (Miller,
Arab., 162).
358 _burga_: Burga, CE, a mountain in Gotonye, Con. (34);=?Burda,
“mountain region of the Sudan E of river Shari, which flows into Lake
Chad, and S of town of Kengas” (Jiménez de la Espada, 186).
359 _quilan_: Quilam, CE;=?
(B) North of Headwaters of the Nile
360 _ganugia_: ?Geugeu, CA;=Gâo (La R., i, 136).
361 _geuene_: Ginyia, CA; Guineua, CE;=Ghana (La R., i, 135; Kret., CE,
96-97).
362 _atelas_: =?
363 _ansica_: Anzicha, CA;=In Ziza (La R., i, 136, 138).
364 _tablet_: Tabelbelt, CA; Tibalbert, Con. (30);=Tabelbert (La R., i,
118).
365 _artixe_: =?
366 _tocor_: Tacort, CA;=Tuggurt (La R., i, 136). See also 368.
(C) Eastern Row of Names N of River Senegal
367 _tutega_: Tutega, Vilad.;=Tijikja (La R., i, 135).
368 _tocor_: Dupl. of 366.
369 _udam_: Sudan, CA;=Sudan (La R., i, 136).
370 _tusont_: =?
371 _tagaza_: Tagaza, CA;=Teghaza (La R., i, 136). See also 373.
372 _getulla_: Gaetulia, Ptol. (IV, 6: 15 (FA15));=desert region S of
Morocco.
373 _tagase_: Dupl. of 371.
374 _temenadis_: Temenasin, CA;=?Tlemsen.
375 _Regnio de belemon_: Rex Belmarin, Bianco; “dynasty of Beni Marin
which ruled in Fez in the thirteenth century and at Tremcen [Tlemsen]
until 1407” (Simar, 295, from Santarem, iii, 368).
(D) Western Row of Names N of River Senegal
376 _Fisengan_: Ihsengam, Vilad.; “name now used by the negroes to
designate the sandy regions on the west bank of the Senegal” (La R., i,
134).
377 _uilodesci_: This name is so much like that of the map-maker, Mecia
de Viladestes, that one is almost tempted to believe that his signature
has somehow found its way as a place name to Leardo’s map.
378 _tasu_: =?
379 _mascarota_: Mascarota, CA; Masquarota, CE;=Tamgrut (La R., i, 137).
380 _agof_: =?
381 _dunardin_: ?Tarudant, Idrisi (Miller, Arab., 177);=?Tarudant.
382 _ubêda_: Ubaâduch, CA;=?
383 _altamar_: Alamara, CA; Zichialhamara, Con. (29);=the Saghuiet
el-Hamra in northern Rio d’Oro (La R., i, 134).
384 _safinet_(?): =?
XIV. North Africa
Mountains
To the mountain range of North Africa, a stock feature on medieval maps,
Leardo adds at random garbled Ptolemaic names.
385 _M^o. Jouis_: Dios vel Jovis Mons in Province of Africa (Tunisia),
Ptol. (IV, 3: 18 (FA13)), badly out of place;=?Jebel Zaghwan, SW of
Tunis (Müller, i, 635).
386 _M^o. galcas_: Zalacus Mons in Mauretania Caesariensis (Algeria),
Ptol. (IV, 2, 14 (FA12));=a part of the Lesser Atlas SW of Algiers (see
Müller, i, 601).
387 _M^o. usalatu|s_: Usalaetus Mons in Province of Africa (Tunisia),
Ptol. (IV, 3:18 (FA13));=Jebel Usselet near site of Hadrumetum (Müller,
i, 635).
388 _M^o. masarus_: Mampsarus Mons in Province of Africa (Tunisia),
Ptol. (l. c.).
389 _Mons. bur.ea_(?): Buzara Mons where Mauretania Caesariensis, the
Province of Africa, and Libya Interior meet, Ptol. (IV, 2:16; IV, 3:16
(FA13));=?Jebel bu-Kahil, S of Bu-Saada, Algeria (PW, iii, 1094).
390 _M^o flruxu_(?): Phrouraesus Mons in Mauretania Caesariensis
(Algeria), Ptol. (IV, 2:16 (FA12));=?Jurjura, SE of Algiers (Müller, i,
602).
391 _M^o. garis_: Garas Mons in Mauretania Caesariensis, Ptol. (l. c.).
392 _Alta mons_: Atlas Mons Minor on Atlantic coast of Mauretania
Tingitana (Morocco), Ptol. (IV, 1:2 (FA12)); see PW, ii, 2119.—
River
393 A river rising SW of the Atlas Mountains and entering the western
Mediterranean is shown on many fourteenth and fifteenth century maps. On
CA, instead of rising in a lake with three tributaries, as Leardo
represents it, the river encircles the city of Sigilmessa (=Tissimi, in
oasis of Tafilet, Miller, Arab., 177), where it is entered by four
tributaries from the south; a branch is also shown entering the
Atlantic. On CE the river corresponds essentially to that of CA, except
that the branch to the Atlantic has been made the main stream and the
arm leading to the Mediterranean has been separated from that sea and
converted into a doubled-channeled tributary of the main stream.
Edifices
(A) On or Near the Mediterranean Coast
394, 395 Illeg.
396 _africa_(?): The Roman Province of Africa (Tunisia), Ptol. (IV, 3
(FA13)).
397 _tunixi_: =Tunis (Kret., Port., 679).
398 _bona_: =Bône (ibid., 680).
399 _se ..._(?): Septa of Portolan charts;=Ceuta (ibid., 683).
(B) Interior, Along Northern Base of Mountain Range
400 Illeg.
401 _bizesta_(?): ?Bichest, CA;=?Biskra.
402, 403 Illeg.
Place Names
(A) On Mediterranean Coast
404 _lucha_: =“A place near Cape Lukka” or Ras el-Melh (Kret., Port.,
675).
405 _c. bonand|rea_: Cape Bonandrea of Portolan charts;=Ras el-Hillil
(ibid.).
406 Illeg.
407 _bnicho_(?): Bernicho of Portolan charts;=anct. Berenice, mod.
Benghazi (ibid., 676).
408 Illeg.
409 _licodia_: =Ras el-Omja (ibid.).
410 _siden_: ?Sidra, CA;=island of Abu Sheifa (Bu Sceifa of Italian
maps) (ibid.).
411 _casero sensor_: =Sensur (ibid., 677).
412 _rasimabaxi_: =Ras el-Makhbez (ibid.).
413 _stora_: =Stora (ibid., 680).
414 _ancol_: =Collo (ibid.).
415 _zizeri_: =Jijeli (ibid.).
416 _buzia_: =Bougie (ibid., 681).
417 _titelis_: =Cape Tedless (ibid.).
418 _arzeia_: =Arzeu (ibid., 682).
419 _or.m_(?): =Oran (ibid.).
420 _serem_: =?River Senam (ibid.).
421 _om.e_(?): =Honain, Cape Noe (ibid.).
422 _milela_: =Mellila (ibid., 683).
423 _larandie_: Larcudia of the Portolan charts (ibid.);=?
424 _molc|mar_(?): Molcemar of Portolan charts;=Alhucemas Islands
(ibid.).
(B) Interior of Morocco
425 _manosa_: ?Manora of Portolan charts;=Mehedia (Kret., Port., 684).
426 _mosa_: ?Messa of Portolan charts;=?Massa (ibid., 685).
427 _maran_: =?
428 _zemar_: Zamor of Portolan charts;=Azammur (ibid., 684).
(C) Coast of Morocco
429 _ninfe_: Niffe of Portolan charts;=Casablanca (ibid.).
430 _sofin_: =Safi (ibid.).
XV. Black and Mediterranean Seas
Names of Seas
431 [Mare] _mauro_(?): Unnamed on CA and CE;=Black Sea.
432 [Mare] _de adriano_: =Adriatic Sea.
433 _Mare Me_[diterr]_ano_.
434 _Mare de Leone_: =Gulf of Lions.
Islands
435 _Cip_[ro]: =Cyprus.
436 _rodo_: =Rhodes.
437 _sio_: =Chios (Kret., Port., 660).
438 _arcipellago_.
439 _negropo_[nte]: =Euboea.
440 _y^a de chrete_ (?): =Crete.
441 _crsicha_.
442 _sardignia_.
443 _minoricha_: =Minorca.
444 _Maioricha_: =Majorca.
445 Illeg.
XVI. Southwestern Europe
Rivers
446 The Guadalquivir: similar course on CA and CE.
447 _f. lizer_: =Loire.
448 _f. stequana_: =Seine.
449 _f. rode|nus_: =Rhône.
Edifices
450 _gr ..._ (?): =Granada.
451 Illeg.
452 _span ..._ (?): =Spain.
453, 454 Illeg.
455 _bart.|nia_: =Brittany.
456 _fr ... |a_: =France.
457 Illeg.
458 _. ugn ..._(?): =?Avignon.
459 _proui|.._(?): =?Provence.
Place Names
(A) Atlantic Coast
460 _sibilia_(?): =Seville.
461 _lisbo|na_.
462 _galizia_.
463 _astora_: =Asturias.
464 _ganti|et_: =?
(B) Mediterranean Coast
465 _malica_: =Malaga.
466 _sarauignia_: =Salobrena (Kret., Port., 581).
467 _al_(?)_meria_.
467a _carta._(?)_enia_: =Cartagena.
468 _lacantera_:= Alicante (ibid., 584-585).
469 _denia_.
470 _toloxa_: =Tolosa.
471 _ualenza_: =Valencia.
472 _tortoxa_: =Tortosa.
473 _sale_: =Salou.
474 _taragona_.
475 _barzelona_.
476 _anpurie_: =Ampurias.
477 _coliuro_: =Collioure
478 _narbona_.
479 _monpolier_: =Montpelier.
480 _aquemorte_: =Aigues Mortes.
Regional Name
481 _guascognia_: =Gascony.
XVII. Atlantic Ocean and Islands
482 _Mare de spagnia._
483 Illeg.;=Canary Islands.
484 _Ingilterra._
485 _Schoz._(?): Scotia;=Scotland.
XVIII. Central Europe
Mountains
486 The Alps run due north from northern Italy.
Rivers and Lake
487 _f. renus_: =Rhine.
488 The Elbe, unnamed (see, however, 513); similar course on CE, CA,
Bianco, and other maps.
489 _f. prexant_: =?
490 _f. sudum^r_(?): Sudumera, CA;=river of Sandomir, or Vistula (Hamy,
402).
491 _lacus senire_(?): ?Lacus Alech, CD; Lacus Nerja, CA;=?Bay of Putzig
(Hamy, 400).
Edifices
492-497 All illeg.
498 _polana_: Polonia, CA;=Poland.
499 _panon|ia_: =?anct. Pannonia.
500 _carcou|ia_(?): Cracouja, CA;=Cracow.
501 _podol|.a_: =Podolia.
Place Names
(A) On the Rhine
502 _austrua_(?): =Austria.
503 _colognia_.
(B) Between Rhine and Elbe and on Elbe
504 _bemia_: =Bohemia.
505 _praga_: =Prague.
506 _drensna_: =Dresden.
507 _misen_: =Meissen.
508 _guse_: Guise, CA;=Würtzen (Hamy, 407).
509 _aquis_: =?
510 _mogropes_: Mangobror, CA;=?Magdeburg.
511 _argenimon_|_de_: Argent Munde, CA; Tangermünde (Buchon and Tastu,
49).
512 _stendar_: =Stendal.
513 _albia_: River name made into a place name;=Elbe.
(C) Between Elbe and Baltic
514 _gara gorda_(?): Garagona, CA;=Glogau (Hamy, 403).
515 _schlauonia_: =Sclavania, the name applied to the Slavic frontier
region of Germany in the Middle Ages (Spruner-Mencke, Histor. Atlas,
Mittelalter, No. 31).
516 _sasonia_: =Saxony.
517 _ludus|maior_: Ludis Magna, CA; Lundis Magna on Ptolemaic maps of
the type called Scandico-Byzantine by Nordenskiöld (Periplus, 88);
Bondismaguc, Con. (7; see Jiménez de la Espada 184-185);=?Lüdershagen,
near Stralsund (Lelewel, ii, 65; Hamy, 400).
518 _dazia_: =Denmark.
519 _prusia_: =Prussia; see 523.
520 _colbera_: =Kolberg.
521 _alec_: Alech, CA;=Hela (Lelewel, ii, 65).
522 _stetin_.
523 _pursia_: Dupl. of 519.
524 _godanse_: Godansse, CA;=Danzig.
525 _scheipe_(?): Scorpe, CA;=?Stolp (Hamy, 400).
526 _Sudana_: Sudona, CA;=Sandecz (ibid., 402).
527 _pante|nia_: Prutenja, CA;=Königsberg on the Pregel (ibid., 401).
528 _eue_(?): =?
529 _albig_: Albing, CA;=Elbing (ibid., 402).
XIX. Italy
River
530 _f. po_.
Edifices
531 Illeg.: =?Genoa.
532 Illeg.: =?Florence.
533 Illeg.: =?Rome.
534 Illeg.: =?Naples.
535 Illeg.: Vignette represents St. Mark’s and the Campanile;=Venice.
Place Names
536 _. . g . ._ (?): =?Reggio di Calabria.
537 _cotron_: =Cotrone (Kret., Port., 618).
538 _taranto_.
539 _o_[t]_ranto_.
540 _brandizo_: =Brindisi.
541 _manfredonia_.
542 _guasto_: =Vasto (ibid., 621).
543 _ortona_.
544 _ancona_.
545 _fano_.
546 _pexara_: =Pesaro.
547 _rimano_: =Rimini.
548 _zexen^o_: =Cesenatico (ibid., 623).
549 _rauena_: =Ravenna.
550 _ferara_.
551 _chioca_: =Chioggia (ibid.).
XX. Southeastern Europe
Rivers
The river system corresponds generally with that of CA and CE.
552 _f. donoia_: =Danube.
553 _f. morana_: =Morava.
554 _f. drina_: =Drin.
555 _f. moree_(?): =?Moldau.
556, 557, 558: Three unnamed islands in the Danube; on CA these are
named: Insula de Jaurim, Insula Buda, Insula de Sermona(?).
Edifices
559 _bu . . ._(?): =?Buda.
560 _m . . l . ._(?): =?
561 _ongar_|_ia_: =Hungary.
562 _serui_|_a_: =Serbia.
563 _bosn_|_a_(?): =Bosnia.
564 _ulachia_: =Wallachia.
565 _bulga_|_ria_.
Place Names
566 _dalmazi_.
567 _albania_.
568 _modon_: =Methone (Kret., Port., 635).
569 _coron_: =Corone (ibid.).
570 _salonichi_.
571 _filipopoli_.
572 _sofia_.
573 _andernopolli_: =Adrianople.
574 _garipolli_: =Gallipoli.
575 _pera_.
576 _costantinopoli_.
XXI. Baltic Sea
577 _Mar de alemani_: =Baltic Sea.
578 _y^a_(?) _gotlandia_: =Gottland.
579 Illeg.
XXII. Scandinavia
Mountains
580 The mountain system is a simplification of that shown on CE.
Rivers
581 _f. netur_: Flū Nectir, CE; Fl. Vectur, CD;=Motala, outlet of Lake
Vettern (Hamy, 387).
582 _f. turontes_: Turuntus Fl. in Sarmatia, Ptol. (III, 5:2
(FA9));=Dvina (Müller, i, 412).
Longer Legends
583 _in q_[uesta par] _te si caualca su zervi_ | _tori et montoni et su
queli fano le_ | _loro bataie_ (in this region they ride on deer, bulls,
and sheep, and on these they make their battles): Compare legend on CE
(Kret., CE, 214).
584 _In questa parte sta zente che non uide_ | _Il sole 4 mexe de lano_
(in this region there are people who do not see the sun for four months
of the year): Santarem (iii, 409, note 2) suggests a relation between
this and a passage in Jordanis, De rebus Geticis (Monumenta Germaniae
historica, Auctorum antiquissimorum, Vol. 5, Part 1, Berlin, 1882, p.
58) descriptive of the Adogitae of Scanzia, who enjoy uninterrupted
sunshine for forty days and darkness for an equal period each year (see
also Fridtjof Nansen, In Northern Mists, New York, 1911, i, 130-134).
Place Names
585 _nouega_: =Norway.
586 _sechamor_: Scamor, CD;=Skanör (Hamy, 426).
587 _scarsa_: Scarsa, CD:=Skaraborg (Hamy, 383).
588 _zedina_: ?Andine, CD, which is possibly “nundinae,” with reference
to the fairs of Skanör and Valsterbode (Hamy, 385).
589 _selandia_: =?Zealand, misplaced. See Nansen, Northern Mists, ii,
219.
590 _suzia_: Suecia, CD;=Sweden (Hamy, 383, 426).
591 _stochi_: Stocol, CD; Stocoll, CE;=Stockholm (Hamy, 386, 427).
592 _Erma_: ?Kalma, CD;=Kalmar (Hamy, 386, 427).
593 _sadezeflingt_(?): Suderpigel, CD; Sudechping, CE;=Söderköping
(Hamy, 387, 427).
594 _saglat_: Asillang, CE; Assingland on fourteenth century map in
Museo Borbonico, Naples (Hamy, 427);=?
595 _roder_|_in_: Roderin, CD; CE;=Roden, ancient name for the east
coast of Sweden;=Rosladen (Hamy, 387, 427).
XXIII. Eastern Europe
Mountains
596 _M^o. ripei_: Dupl. of 2.
Rivers
597 Leardo’s unnamed river entering E extremity of Baltic is called Flum
Nu on CD; Flum de Mi, CE;=Volkhof and Neva, confused (Hamy, 390).
598 _f. axiazes_: Axiaces Fl. of Sarmatia Europae, Ptol. (III, 5:18
(FA9)).
599 _f. turllo_: Kretschmer (Port., 642) records Flumen Turle only on an
anonymous fifteenth century map in the Museum für Meereskunde, Berlin
(ibid., pp. 133-135);=Dniester (ibid., 642).
Edifices
(A) North of Neva
600 _zimachia Inferior_: ?corruption of Sarmatia, Ptol. (passim (FA9)).
See also 12.
601 _rosia_: =Russia.
(B) Between Don, Neva, and Black Sea
602 _Lordo_, applying to a group of tents;=the Golden Horde of Tatars
(Hallb., 318-319).
603 _nogard_|_ia_: Nogorado, CD; Nogorodo, CE;=Novgorod (Hamy, 390).
604 _alana_: Allania, CA;=the Alans (Hallb., 13-14).
605 _albana_: Albania, NW of Caspian Sea, Ptol. (V, 12 (FA18)); see
Hallb., 14-15;=Shirvan and Daghestan (Besnier, 29).
606 _br . . ica_(?): Branchicha, CA; Brancica, Piz.;=Briansk (Hamy,
392).
607 _brachi_|_at_: ?Dupl. of 606.
608 _bthnia_: =?Bothnia.
609 _rossia_: Dupl. of 601.
610 _transil_|_uana_: =Transylvania, misplaced.
Place Names
(A) Crimean Peninsula
611 _gotia_: =“A small stretch of land between the Yaila Range and the
coast, in the hands of the Genoese after the fourteenth century” (Kret.,
Port., 643); see also Yule, Polo, ii, 492.
612 _soldaia_: =Sudak, important trading post in Genoese hands after
1365 (ibid., 644).
613 _gafa_: =Kafa, Feodosia (ibid.).
614 _soronti_(?): =?
615 _uospe_|_ro_: =Kerch (ibid.).
(B) At Eastern End of the Baltic.
616 _piaha_(?): =?Pinsk.
617 _letefa_|_n_ _paga_|_n_: Litefanie Pagans, CA;=Lithuania (Hamy,
398-399).
(C) On Lake at Headwaters of Neva, Don, and Volga
618 _perana_: Perum, CA; CE=Murom (Hamy, 394).
XXIV. Far North
619 _DIXERTO DEXABITADO PER FREDO_ (desert uninhabited because of cold):
See 305.
LIST OF REFERENCES
The publications listed here are those to which frequent reference only
is made in the Notes and Appendix. The abbreviations there employed
precede each reference.
Besnier: Maurice Besnier, _Lexique de géographie ancienne_, Paris, 1914.
Buchon and Tastu: J. A. C. Buchon and J. Tastu, _Notice d’un atlas en
langue catalane, manuscrit de l’an 1375, conservé parmi les manuscrits
de la Bibliothèque Royale sous le N^o 6816, fonds ancien, in-folio
maximo_, in _Notices et extraits de manuscrits de la Bibliothèque du Roi
et autres bibliothèques_, Vol. 14, Paris, 1841, pp. 1-152.
Only complete transcription and commentary on the Catalan Atlas. See
CA.
CA: Catalan Atlas (i. e. map divided into six parchment sheets) of 1375;
sometimes called Catalan Atlas of Charles V, to whose library it
belonged. Facsimile in: _Choix de documents géographiques conservés à la
Bibliothèque Nationale_, Paris, 1883.
See Kret., Port., pp. 123-124; Buchon and Tastu; Cordier, CA.
CD: Map of Angellino Dulcert, 1339. See E. T. Hamy, _La mappemonde
d’Angelino Dulcert, de Majorque_ (1339), 2nd edition, Paris, 1903 (with
photographic reproduction).
See Kret., Port., pp. 118-119.
CE: Catalan map of fifteenth century in Biblioteca Estense, Modena.
Colored reproduction accompanying Konrad Kretschmer, _Die Katalanische
Weltkarte der Biblioteca Estense zu Modena_, in _Zeitschr. Gesell. für
Erdkunde zu Berlin_, Vol. 32, 1897, pp. 65-111, 191-218 (=Kret., CE).
Photographic reproduction in F. L. Pullé, _Studi italiani di filologia
indo-iranica_, Vol. 5, Atlas, Florence, 1905.
Con.: _Libro del conosçimiento de todos los reynos y tierras ... escrito
por un franciscano español à mediados del siglo XIV._ Our references are
to the pages of Sir Clements Markham’s translation and edition (of
Jiménez de la Espada’s edition, q. v.) entitled _Book of the Knowledge
of all the Kingdoms...._, Hakluyt Society [Publs.], Ser. 2, Vol. 29,
London, 1912.
Cordier, CA: Henri Cordier, _L’Extrême-Orient dans l’atlas catalan de
Charles V, Roi de France_, in _Bulletin de géographie historique et
descriptive_, Vol. 10, 1895, pp. 19-64.
Cordier, Ser M. P.: Henri Cordier, _Ser Marco Polo: Notes and Addenda to
Sir Henry Yule’s Edition, Containing the Results of Recent Research and
Discovery_, London and New York, 1920.
FA: See Ptolemy.
Fischer: Theobold Fischer, _Sammlung mittelalterlicher Welt- und
Seekarten italienischen Ursprungs und aus italienischen Bibliotheken und
Archiven herausgegeben und erläutert_, Venice, 1886.
Text accompanying Raccolta.
Gerini: G. E. Gerini, _Researches on Ptolemy’s Geography of Eastern
Asia_ (_Further India and Indo-Malay Archipelago_), constituting
_Asiatic Society Monographs No. 1_, London, 1909.
Hallb: Ivar Hallberg, _L’Extrême Orient dans la littérature et la
cartographie de l’Occident des XIII^e, XIV^e, et XV^e siècles: étude sur
l’histoire de la géographie_, Göteborg, 1906.
Alphabetical list of place names throughout Asia as a whole (not
merely the Far East) with variant forms, references to the sources,
and identifications.
Hamy: E. T. Hamy, _Les origines de la cartographie de l’Europe
septentrionale_, in _Bulletin de géographie historique et descriptive_,
Vol. 3, 1888, pp. 333-432.