The empire outside of Macedonia itself consisted of 22 provinces. _In
Europe_, (1) Thrace; _in Asia Minor_, (2) Phrygia on the Hellespont,
(3) Lydia, (4) Caria, (5) Lycia and Pamphylia, (6) Great Phrygia, (7)
Paphlagonia and Cappadocia; _between the Taurus and Iran_, (8)
Cilicia, (9) Syria, (10) Mesopotamia, (11) Babylonia, (12) Susiana;
_in Africa_, (13) Egypt; _in Iran_, (14) Persis, (15) Media, (16)
Parthia and Hyrcania, (17) Bactria and Sogdiana, (18) Areia and
Drangiana, (19) Carmania, (20) Arachosia and Gedrosia; lastly _the
Indian provinces_, (21) the Paropanisidae (the Kabul valley), and (22)
the province assigned to Pithon, the son of Agenor, upon the Indus (J.
Beloch, _Griech. Gesch._ III. [ii.], p. 236 seq.; for the Indian
provinces cf. B. Niese, _Gesch. der griech. und maked. Staaten_, I. p.
500 seq.). Hardly provinces proper, but rather client principalities,
were the two native kingdoms to which Alexander had left the conquered
land beyond the Indus--the kingdoms of Taxiles and Porus.