The Austro-Russian _entente_ came to an end in the beginning of 1908
owing to the Austrian project of connecting the Bosnian and Macedonian
railway systems, and Great Britain and Russia now took the foremost
place in the demand for reforms. After a meeting between King Edward
VII. and the emperor Nicholas II. at Reval in the early summer of 1908
an Anglo-Russian scheme, known as the "Reval programme," was announced;
the project aimed at more effective European supervision and dealt
especially with the administration of justice. Its appearance was almost
immediately followed by the military revolt of the Young Turk or
constitutional party, which began in the Monastir district under two
junior officers, Enver Bey and Niazi Bey, in July. The restoration of
the constitution of 1876 was proclaimed (July 24,1908), and the powers,
anticipating the spontaneous adoption of reforms on the part of
regenerated Turkey, decided to suspend the Reval programme and to
withdraw their military officers from Macedonia.
See Lejean, _Ethnographie de la Turquie d'Europe_ (Gotha, 1861); Hahn,
_Reise von Belgrad nach Salonik_ (Vienna, 1868); Yastreboff, _Obichai
i pesni turetskikh Serbov_ (St Petersburg, 1886); "Ofeicoff"
(Shopoff), _La Macédoine au point de vue ethnographique, historique et
philologique_ (Philippopolis, 1888); Gopchevitch, _Makedonien und
Alt-Serbien_ (Vienna, 1889); Verkovitch,
_Topografichesko-ethnographicheskii ocherk Makedonii_ (St Petersburg,
1889); Burada, _Cercetari despre scoalele Romanesci din Turcia_
(Bucharest, 1890); Tomaschek, _Die heutigen Bewohner Macedoniens_
(Sonderabdruck aus den Verhandlungen des IX. D. Geographen-Tages in
Wien, 1891) (Berlin, 1891); _Die alten Thraker_ (Vienna, 1893);
Bérard, _La Turquie et l'Hellénisme contemporain_, (Paris, 1893); _La
Macédoine_ (Paris, 1900); Shopoff, _Iz zhivota i polozhenieto na
Bulgarite v vilayetite_ (Philippopolis, 1894); Weigand, _Die Aromunen_
(Leipzig, 1895); _Die nationalen Bestrebungen der Balkanvolker_
(Leipzig, 1898); Nikolaides, _La Macédoine_ (Berlin, 1899);
"Odysseus," _Turkey in Europe_ (London, 1900); Kunchoff, _Makedonia:
etnografia i statistika_ (Sofia, 1900); _La Macédoine et la Vilayet
d'Andrinople_ (Sofia, 1904), anonymous; L. Villari, _The Balkan
Question_ (London, 1905); H. N. Brailsford, _Macedonia: its Races and
their Future_ (London, 1906); J. Cviji['c], _Grundlinien der
Geographie und Geologie von Mazedonien und Altserbien_ (Gotha, 1908).
For the antiquities, see Texier and Pullan, _Byzantine Architecture_
(London, 1864); Heuzey and Daumet, _Mission archéologique en
Macédoine_ (Paris, 1865); Duchesne and Bayet, _Mémoire sur une mission
en Macédoine et au Mont Athos_ (Paris, 1876); Barclay V. Head,
_Catalogue of Greek Coins_; Macedonia (London, 1879); Kinch, _L'Arc de
triomphe de Salonique_ (Paris, 1890); _Beretnung om en archaeologisk
Reise i Makedonien_ (Copenhagen, 1893); Mommsen, Suppl. to vol. iii.
_Corpus inscript., latinarum_ (Berlin, 1893); Perdrizet, Articles on
Macedonian archaeology and epigraphy in _Bulletin de correspondance
hellenique_, since 1894. (J. D. B.)