For this bath a tub is required the length of the body, about eighteen
inches deep, two feet wide at the top, and, preferably, six inches
narrower at the bottom. It is better to have the end intended for the
head a little elevated. Place in the tub sufficient water so that the
patient will be entirely covered, with the exception of the head, when
he lies upon his back. During the bath, the body should be vigorously
rubbed by the bather or an attendant, or both, particular pains being
taken to knead and manipulate the abdomen, in a gentle, but thorough
manner. The temperature of the bath, when taken for cleanliness, or for
its soothing effects, should be not more than 95°, and it should be
cooled down to about 85° before the conclusion of the bath, by the
addition of cool water.
Every family ought to possess conveniences for this bath. Indeed, it is
now found in every well-regulated modern house in our large cities. It
is not so expensive but that any one can possess it. Portable baths of
rubber can be obtained which are worth many times their cost. A cheap
bath can be constructed of duck well oiled or covered with paint and
suspended from a frame; but it will be quite unsatisfactory, not being
perfectly water-tight, as such a bath should be for family use. A
stationary bath may be made of wood, of the dimensions given, and lined
with lead or zinc. There should be an opening in the lower end for
withdrawing the water.
The full bath is one of the most refreshing of all baths, being also one
of the most pleasant. Employed at a low temperature, it is a powerful
means of reducing excessive heat in fevers. The hot full bath very
promptly relieves the pains of acute rheumatism, and is almost a
specific for colds, if taken just before retiring. Very hot and very
cold temperatures are quite hazardous with this bath, since it involves
so large a portion of the body. Such extremes are rarely useful in any
case, and should not be used except under the eye of a physician.