COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF STORIFYING AND SINGLE-HIVING.
From what has been said in the two last chapters, a comparative
estimate may be made of the advantages which storifying possesses over
single-hiving; and they appear to be the following.
First, an œconomical division of labour, an advantage common to all
bodies of artificers, whose works are conducted upon a large scale, and
which causes a larger quantity of wax and honey to be collected in the
season, than if the bees were to swarm, and to carry on their operations
in separate families.
Secondly, the facility with which the bees may be deprived of a
considerable portion of their honey, without destroying their lives, or
communicating to the honey any unpleasant flavour, from the sulphurous
gas.
Thirdly, the power which is afforded to the bees, of employing themselves
usefully during wet weather, in the manner before stated.
Fourthly, the saving of that time which is unnecessarily spent in the
construction of fresh combs, in the new habitation.
Fifthly, the saving of room; for as every family has more warehouse-room
than its respective necessities require, the division into small families
must multiply the proportion of this superfluous room.
Sixthly, the saving of the time usually lost in preparation for swarming,
when the bees hang inactively in clusters, on the outsides of the hives,
for many days, sometimes for weeks, particularly if the weather be
unfavourable.
It seems right to remark in this place, that though this _clustering_ or
_hanging out_ of the bees is generally regarded as one of the strongest
symptoms of an approaching swarm, it is nevertheless a deceptive one.
It does certainly indicate that there are bees sufficient to throw off
a swarm, and is sometimes evidence of an anxiety to do so; but unless
there be a queen ready to go off with them, however distrest for room,
the clustering will sometimes continue for a considerable time; in hot
dry seasons it may last till the middle of August. This clustering,
as before observed, is very prejudicial, as it causes the bees to be
inactive in their principal harvest season, when every bee ought to be
fully employed, and may induce a habit of inactivity for the future.
Clustering likewise obstructs the operations of the bees that are active,
by interrupting the thoroughfare to the hive. These disadvantages are
admirably remedied by storifying, without which, independently of the
loss of time to the bees, a constant system of watchfulness must be kept
up by the proprietor, during the whole period of the bees clustering out,
otherwise a swarm may be lost.
Storifying, though generally, is not invariably successful in causing the
clustered bees to reenter the boxes: where it fails to do so, if a young
queen were ready to assume the sovereignty of the colony, the clustered
bees would swarm and seek a new habitation with the old one. M. Reaumur
drowned several hives thus circumstanced, and examined all their inmates
most minutely, but could never find more than a single queen, and this
the old one; in none of these hives did he find royal larvæ.
+Keys+ says that he has _failed to make the clustered bees rejoin the
family, if he has put the empty him or box over the colony;_ but that
by _placing the box under it, the bees soon re-entered and worked
vigorously_. I have myself, in several instances, noticed the reluctance
of bees to ascend; this reluctance will however generally give way in
a day or two, if no room be allowed them in any other direction. This
is proved by the successful use of small glasses upon flat-topped hives
or boxes, for obtaining fresh honey occasionally. +Thorley+ _constantly
practised super-hiving_, and was very successful with it. So likewise is
my friend +Mr. Walond+, who finds it afford him a supply of purer honey
than nadir-hiving; for as the queen is generally found more disposed to
descend than to ascend, by placing the box over the stock it will seldom
be stored with any other combs than those which contain honey. +Mr.
George Hubbard+, however, of Bury St. Edmunds, in a paper contained in
the Transactions of the Society of Arts, vol. ix. (for which they awarded
him ten guineas), says that he has known instances in which the _bees
have swarmed rather than submit to super-hiving_.
_Bees have been known to construct combs under the floors of the hives,
when restricted for room within._ Here their natural activity surmounted
the impediments thrown in their way, by the want of inclosed space. The
storifying or colonizing plan has been much applauded for its saving the
lives of the bees: though this preservation be well worthy of attention,
yet it is an advantage very inferior to that which is derived from the
œconomical division of labour, the consequent increase of wax and honey,
and the facility afforded for extracting them. I trust that this remark
will not expose me to the imputation of inhumanity, for I am fully
sensible of the value of life to all creatures that exist, and have
often felt strongly the force of Thomson's pathetic description of the
sulphurous death of bees.
"Ah! see where robb'd and murder'd in that pit
Lies the still heaving hive! at evening snatch'd.
Beneath the cloud of guilt-concealing night,
And fix'd o'er sulphur...
"Sudden the dark oppressive steam ascends.
And, us'd to milder scents, the tender race
By thousands tumble from their honey'd dome,
Convuls'd and agonizing in the dust."
The bee is generally allowed to be a short-lived insect. (_Vide_
Longevity of Bees.) Whatever advantage can be derived however, from
preserving the lives of the bees, at the period of taking their honey,
those, who keep them upon the storifying plan, will have the full benefit
of it, and be spared that torture of feeling, which the sensitive always
experience, when destroying life in any way.
"True benevolence extends itself through the whole compass of existence,
and sympathizes with the distress of every creature capable of sensation.
Little minds may be apt to consider a compassion of this inferior kind,
as an instance of weakness, but I consider it as affording undoubted
evidence of a noble nature."--_Melmoth._