[1] Eight successive days after a festival.
[2] “The said small vessels found a reef with a port within, very fine
and very secure, with a very large entrance, and they put themselves
within it.” Also, “and all the ships entered and anchored in five and
six fathoms, which anchorage within is so grand, so beautiful, and so
secure, that there could lie within it more than two hundred ships and
men of war.”
[3] “We showed them a grey parrot, which the captain had brought with
him; they took it immediately into their hands. We showed them a sheep,
they took no notice of it. We showed them a fowl; they were afraid of
it, and would not put their hands upon it.”
[4] “I kiss the hands of your Royal Highness from this secure port of
your island of Vera Cruz. To-day, Friday, first day of May, 1500. P. V.
de Caminha.”
[5] “L’altro giorno che fu alli dua di Maggio del derto anno 1500
l’armata fece vela pel camino per andare alla volta del capo di
Buona Speraza. Li quali comincioro no a piangere, et gli huomini
di quella terra, gli confortavano, et mostravano havere di loro
pieta.”--_Ramuzio._
[6] “We arrived at the Cape of Good Hope at Easter-tide, and there met
with good weather. We continued the voyage, and arrived at Besengue,
near Cape Verd, where we met with three caravels, which the King of
Portugal had sent to discover the new land, which we had found in
going to Calcutta.”--_From the relation of the voyage of Cabral in
Ramuzio._
[7] “The relations of A. Vespuccius contain the recital of two voyages,
which he made upon the same coast (the Brazil), in the name of Emanuel,
King of Portugal; but the dates are false, and it is in that which
the imposture consists; for it is proved by all the cotemporary
testimonies, that at the time which he names he was employed upon other
expeditions.”--_Hist. Gen. des Voyages_, tom. 14. liv. 6. c. 9.
Paris, 1757.
[8] This is a corroboration of Vincente Yanez Pinson’s voyage, as the
character of the Indians near those two same places where he landed are
described to be similar.
[9] “The King, Don Manuel, extremely attached to Vespuccius, gave
him the command of six ships, with which he sailed on the 10th of
May, 1503, and passed along the coast of Africa and Brazil, with the
intention of discovering a western passage to the Molucca Islands,
(afterwards discovered.) “After entering the Bay of All Saints, he
navigated as far as the _Abrolhos_ and the river Curababa. As
he had provisions only for twenty months, he took the resolution
of returning to Portugal, where he arrived on the 18th of June,
1504.”--_Murery Dicc. Grand._ Paris, 1699.
[10] “Ordered immediately to be prepared another armament of caravels,
which he delivered to C. Jacques, a fidalgo of his house, and with
the title of Captain Mor, ordered him to continue in this undertaking
of discovery. The armament sailed, and pursuing the voyage, arrived
upon the coast, sounding bays and rivers, erecting pillars with the
Portuguese arms upon them. He entered a bay to which he gave the name
of _All Saints_, and after all necessary diligence he returned to
Portugal.”--_Cunha._
[11] “In the same year, 1503, Gonsallo Coelho was sent to the land of
St. Cruz, with six ships, with which he left Lisbon on the 10th day
of the month of June. In consequence of not having much knowledge of
the land, four were lost, and the other two brought to the kingdom
merchandise of the land, which then were no others than red wood, which
was called Brazil, and parrots.”--_Goes._
[12] An overlooker of negroes.
[13] To kiss his hand.
[14] No one had suffered the penalty of death for a long period before
July 22, 1819, when a wretched criminal was hanged. He had stabbed five
or six men, and it was said his punishment would have been commuted for
transportation to Africa, had he not imbrued his hands in the blood of
a pregnant female, whom he stabbed mortally.
[15] These parishes in the Brazil are considerable districts of
country, and take their names generally from the chief or mother church.
[16] Mr. Langsdorff has recently (since his return to Europe) presented
to the National Institute of Paris the head of a Botocudo Indian, who
had been in his service for some years. He sent this Indian to St.
Helena to collect insects, which commission he executed satisfactorily,
and died soon after his return to the Brazil.
The Botocudos are really the Aymores of the province of Porto Seguro,
and received their present name from the Portuguese, in consequence of
their custom of perforating the ears and lips, and introducing pieces
of wood as ornaments, which they imagine render them more genteel and
comely.
[17] This denomination originated in Portugal, where the judge was
prohibited from having any jurisdiction within his native town. Hence
it is applied to judges in the Brazil, universally, without the capital.
[18] The Torres are two great and contiguous rocks, upon the coast, in
29° 40′ south latitude.
[19] Sumacas are from ten to nearly two hundred tons burden.
[20] Bandeira is a name given in the Brazil to an indeterminate number
of persons, who provide themselves with arms, ammunition, and every
thing requisite for their subsistence, with the project of entering
the territories of the Indians, for the purpose of discovering mines,
exploring the country, or chastising the savages; the individuals who
compose those companies, call themselves _bandeirantes_, and their
chiefs, _certanistas_.
[21] Pantanos signifies marshy, and is the name given to the swampy
islands at the mouth of the Tocoary, which are submerged at the floods.
[22] “By the treaty of limits, liberty was given to these Indians to
remain in the country or to pass to the other side of the Guapore,
which latter they did by the persuasions of the Spanish curates. The
mission of St. Roza, which consisted of four hundred Indians, and
removed in 1754, was near a waterfall, where D. Antonio Rolin ordered a
fort to be constructed. That of St. Miguel, which was in a plain near
the river, and had six hundred Indians, was removed in 1753; and that
of St. Simao, which comprised more than two thousand inhabitants, and
was removed in 1752, existed near a river a little below the situation
of the Pedras.” _Extract from the History of the Journeys of the
Lieutenant-General of Matto Grosso. M.S._
[23] Passo is a picture or image representing some of our Saviour’s
sufferings.
[24] The interior districts of provinces are so called.
[25] A bowl into which diamonds are put when found, from whence they
are taken, weighed, and registered daily.
[26] He acquired the appellation of Caramuru, which signifies “a man
of fire,” on the occasion of his first discharging a musket in the
presence of the astonished Indians.
[27] “Where there was a Portuguese, who said he had lived twenty-five
years amongst the Indians,” proving Correa’s shipwreck to be in 1510.
[28] The province is designated, as well as the city, by the Portuguese
word for bay, from the great importance justly attached to its fine bay.
[29] “Sepulchre of Donna Catharine Alvarez, Lady of this Captaincy of
Bahia, which she, and her husband, James Alvarez Correa, a native of
Vianna, gave to the Kings of Portugal, and erected and gave this chapel
to the patriarch St. Bento. The year 1582.”
[30]
The Don of the land is arrived,
The one hundred and fifty are ended.
[31]
The Don of the land is on the main,
The one hundred and fifty remain.
[32] The precarious nature of the tobacco trade is evidenced by a
shipment made of this article from Bahia to London, where on its
arrival it was unsaleable; the agent, therefore, reshipped it for
Gibraltar, drawing for the freight and charges he had paid. On its
arrival in Gibraltar, it was there equally unsaleable; and, after being
deposited some time in a warehouse, it was discovered to be rotten,
and condemned by government to be thrown into the sea; after which
the agent there had to draw also for the freight and charges that he
had paid, in which was included the expense of throwing the tobacco
into the sea. The shippers, no doubt, considered the termination of
this speculation as unpalatable as the element to which it was finally
consigned.
[33] One thousand reas, or a milrea, is now worth about five shillings,
and varies according to the exchange.
[34] “Oh! what a beautiful situation for founding a town.” Hence its
name of Ollinda.
[35] Some writers have stated that this Duarthe Coelho Pereyra served
as a military man in India; but Duarthe Coelho, of whose military
exploits there Barros and Farria both speak, had not the surname of
Pereyra. He died by the hands of the Moors of the island of Sumatra,
after having suffered shipwreck at the mouth of the river Calapa, in
1527.
[36] The Dutch armament, commanded by Admiral Hervey Zonk, consisting
of sixty-four vessels, of various sizes, and eight thousand men,
landed, on the 15th of February, 1630, on the beach of Pau Amarello,
three leagues north of Ollinda, by the direction of Judea Antonio Dias,
who had resided many years in the country and acquired a large fortune,
with which he established himself at Amsterdam. In 1654 the Dutch
evacuated the captaincy.
[37] A capibara, the animal from which this river takes its name, is
now in Exeter Change.
[38] Ollinda, although the head of a comarca, being commonly
considered, with Recife, to constitute the city of Pernambuco, they
will be described together.
[39] A Brazilian term for the Indian.
[40]
Erected
under
the Illustrious Government
of the
President and Council
in the year 1652.
[41] Some of these people are also called _certanejos_, inhabitants of
the certams, or interior.
[42] I have been informed, since my return to England, that a clergyman
had arrived at Pernambuco.
[43] Great River of the North; as there is Rio Grande do Sul, (Great
River of the South,) and which must occasion some little confusion,
both being called Rio Grande: it would be better to designate this St.
Roque, the cape being even a more conspicuous object than the river.
[44] The Spaniards, from whom the French took this portion of
territory, always recognized the river Oayapoek and the Vincent Pinson
as the same river; and near its mouth a marble stone was erected, by
order of Charles V. to serve as a limit between his conquests and those
of the Portuguese.
[45]
Conserva o tardo impulso por tal modo,
Que em poucos passos mette um dia todo.
_Cant. vii. p. 57._
[46] Inhabiting the calingas.
[47] Inhabiting the campos, or plains.
[48] Correiçao is a term applied to a judge going out to travel through
the district of his jurisdiction.
Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been
corrected silently.
2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the
original.
3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have
been retained as in the original.
4. Superscripts are represented using the caret character, e.g. D^r. or
X^{xx}.