raised from seeds in this country by Mr. I. Fairbairne of the Physic
Gardens, Chelsea, in the year 1792. It is rather more tender than most
of the plants we have, as yet, received from thence; requires to be kept
in a dry and airy part of the green-house and watered but seldom, in the
winter. It grows to the height of about two feet, perfects its seeds,
and may be increased by cuttings; should be planted in very sandy peat
earth, and kept in a small pot proportionally to its size. Our figure
was taken from the branch of a plant, in the conservatory, at the
Hammersmith Nursery, in the month of August, 1800.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXIX.
XERANTHEMUM FASCICULATUM.
_Var. flore albo._
_Bundle-leaved Everlasting-flower._
_White Var._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
RECEPTACULUM paleaceum. Pappus setaceus. Calyx imbricatus, radiatus;
radio colorato.
RECEPTACLE chaffy. Feather bristly. Cup-tiled, with a ray; the ray
coloured.
See XERANTHEMUM SPECIOSISSIMUM, Pl. LI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Xeranthemum foliis caulinis linearibus, sub-teretibus, fasciculatis,
longissimis; floribus solitariis; squamis calycis lanceolatis, albis.
Everlasting-flower with the stem-leaves linear, roundish, bundled, very
long; flowers solitary; scales of the cup lance-shaped and white.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. An Hermaphrodite Floret, with its seed, magnified.
2. A Female Floret, with its seed, magnified.
3. The Pointal from a Female Floret, magnified.
As a fine variety of the Bundle-leaved Everlasting flower, figured in
this work, Pl. 242 of this Vol.; we now present this plant to our
friends. Tis true, it may be thought by some, at first sight, there is
too considerable a degree of similitude in the plants to deserve a
particular plate for each; but, upon a nigh investigation, it will be
found there exists a stronger marked difference, in the growth of the
plants, than, at first, meets the eye; not certainly enough to
constitute a specific difference, but undoubtedly a strong variety. The
flower stems, in this, grow more straddling; and the long stem-leaves
are more dispersed on the upper part of the plant; at the base they
nearly resemble each other. We have our figure from the Clapham
Collection, to which the plants were introduced at the same time, and
through the same channel as the above cited species; seeds of both
having been sent from the Cape of Good Hope, by Mr. Niven, in the year
1799. For all that relates to the management of this, we most refer our
readers to the figure just alluded to; as its habits, time of flowering,
&c. in nothing differ.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXX.
PERSOONIA LATIFOLIA.
_Broad-leaved Persoonia._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus. Petala 4, basin versus staminifera. Glandulæ 4 ad basin
germinis. Stigma obtusum. Drupa monosperma.
EMPALEMENT none. Petals four, supporting the chives near the base. Four
glands at the base of the seed-bud. Summit blunt. A pulpy berry with one
seed.
See PERSOONIA LANCEOLATA, Pl. LXXIV. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Persoonia foliis subovatis, utrinque glabris, crassiusculis, uninerviis;
petiolis brevibus, tortis.
Persoonia with leaves approaching to inversely-egg-shaped, smooth on
both sides, thickish, one-nerved; foot-stalks short and twisted.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower.
2. One of the Petals, with its Chive.
3. The Pointal and Seed-bud.
4. The same, magnified.
5. The receptacle, with the four glands at the base of the Seed-bud,
magnified.
The very exact conformation of the flower in this, when compared with
the other two species of the genus, already figured in this work; is a
circumstance but seldom to be found, in plants, where the whole habit is
so totally different in each species, as we here find it. This plant,
until it flowered, was considered as a species of _Conchium_, (one of
the Genera made by Dr. Smith from Banksia,) as nighest in appearance to
some species of that Genus. It has flowered, for the first time in
England, in the month of October, 1802. The plant being set in the
conservatory at the Hammersmith-Nursery, the flowers have continued to
succeed each other, progressively, upon the young branches, without
intermission, as the shoot grows, from the base of each leaf. It is with
great difficulty raised by cuttings; but, from every appearance, seed
will be procured in this country; as the seed-buds have already become
pretty large, and seeds of the other species have matured with us. It
was first raised from seed, communicated by Colonel Paterson, from Port
Jackson, New South Wales, in the year 1795. Sandy loam, or a mixture of
sandy peat and loam, is the soil it most approves.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXI.
METROSIDERA HIRSUTA.
_Hairy Metrosidera._
CLASS XII. ORDER I.
_ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Twenty Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, quinquefidum, semisuperum.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, concava, subsessilia, decidua.
STAMINA longissima, libera, filiformia. Antheræ incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen turbinatum, fundo calycis adnatum. Stylus filiformis,
erectus. Stigma simplex.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula campanulata, 3 seu 4 locularis, 3 seu 4 valvis.
SEMINA plurima, rotundato-angulata.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one-leaved, five-cleft, half above.
BLOSSOM. Five petals, concave, nearly sessile, falling off.
CHIVES very long, free, thread-shaped. Tips lying on the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud top-shaped, growing to the bottom of the cup. Shaft
thread-shaped, upright. Summit simple.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule bell-shaped, 3 or 4 celled, 3 or 4 valved.
SEEDS many, roundedly-angular.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Metrosidera foliis oppositis, basi cordatis, amplexicaulibus; ramulis,
pedunculis, calycibusque pilis rubro-fuscis tectis.
Metrosidera with opposite leaves, heart-shaped at the base and embracing
the stem; small branches, flower-stems, and flower-cups covered with
reddish-brown hairs.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Seed-bud and Cup, divested of the Petals and Chives.
2. One of the segments of the Cup, shewn from the under side.
3. A Chive magnified.
4. A Seed-bud cut transversely.
Although little can be said in favour of the flowers of this plant, yet
the singularity of its foliage excites our attention, as very distinct
from all its congeners. It grows with us to the height of six or seven
feet; at which size, it produces its blossoms. The first plants were
raised from seeds in the year 1787 at the garden of the late Dr.
Pitcairne at Islington. It is increased by cuttings, after the usual
mode made use of for propagating Botany Bay plants; that is to say, by
placing the cuttings in the heat of a hot-house, or hot-bed, early in
the month of March, till they are rooted. It is a hardy green-house
plant when old, but rather delicate when young. Our figure was began
from a plant in the Hibbertian collection, which flowered in the month
of August, 1800; and finished from one at the Hammersmith Nursery, in
November, 1802. A short apology may be thought necessary for our
retaining the original mode of terminating the name of this Genus,
rather than as it is given by most authors at present. Our plea is that
only of priority, and the name under which the plants have been known,
in our gardens, these 30 years; since, indeed, Sir J. Banks’s return
from the South Seas. A slight mistake we wish likewise to notice, in the
etymology of the word Metrosideros, as given by Dr. Martyn in his
edition of Miller’s Dictionary; it is there said to be thus derived,
Μητρα, medulla, the heart or pith of a tree, and σιδηρος iron; supposing
the heart of the trees to possess the hardness, or colour of iron. Now
the true idea on which the name of the Genus was founded, is the shape
and hardness of the seed-vessel, thus; Μετρον a measure, and σιδηρος
iron, as the appearance of the capsule, when ripe, will fully justify.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXII.
GERANIUM SPATHULATUM.
_Var. curviflorum._
_Spatula-leaved Geranium._
_Curled-flowered Var._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis integerrimis, spathulatis, sub-ciliatis calycibus
monophyllis; petalis recurvatis; staminibus quinque fertilibus; radice
tuberosa.
Geranium with quite entire leaves, spatula-shaped, slightly fringed;
cups one-leaved; petals recurved; five fertile chives, root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement magnified.
2. The Chives spread open.
3. The Pointal natural size.
4. The same magnified.
This fine variety of the Spatula-leaved Geranium is, as yet, only to be
found, in the Hibbertian collection. Its date in Britain is the same as
the G. spathulatum, of this work, plate 152, Vol. III. We should not
have considered the curved character of the petals, alone, a sufficient
groundwork to constitute, even a variety; but the slight fringe which
may be discovered on the leaves of our present plant, and not in the
smallest degree to be traced in the other, determined this to be, in our
opinion, deserving notice, at least as a variety. For the treatment and
culture of the plant, see G. punctatum of the Botanist’s Repository,
plate 60, Vol. I. which may well serve for this.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXIII.
POGONIA GLABRA.
_Smooth-leaved Pogonia._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Two Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA monopetala; tubus ad faucem pilosus. Stamina supra medium
corollæ inserta. Stigma concavum, declinatum. Nux quadrilocularis.
BLOSSOM one petal; tube hairy at the mouth. Chives inserted into the
middle of the blossom. Summit concave, declined. Nut four-celled.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pogonia foliis eliptico-lanceolatis, glabris; floribus pendulis,
minutis, albis.
Pogonia with leaves eliptically lance-shaped, smooth; flowers hanging
down, small and white.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, magnified.
2. A Blossom cut open, with the Chives in their place.
3. A Chive, magnified.
4. The Pointal and Seed-bud, natural size.
5. The same magnified.
This plant from New Holland, is rather more delicate than most of those
we possess from that country; as it is apt to lose its leaves if exposed
either to damps, or much cold. It was first raised in the year 1790, by
the late Mr. Robertson, of Stockwell; is easily propagated by cuttings,
and flowers in January, or February. The other species figured in this
work, Plate 212, and our present plant, are the only two yet known of
this genus. They require a very light sandy loam, or peat soil, to make
them flourish. The P. glabra does not grow more than three feet high and
flowers the first year from cuttings. Our figure was taken at the
Hammersmith Nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXIV.
CHIOCOCCA RACEMOSA.
_Opposite-leaved Snowberry-tree._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium quinquedentatum, superum, persistens.
COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis; tubus longus, patens; limbus
quinquepartitus; laciniis æqualibus, acutis, reflexis.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, filiformia, longitudine corollæ. Antheræ
oblongæ, erectæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen inferum, subrotundum, compressum. Stylus filiformis,
longitudine staminum. Stigma simplex, obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca subrotunda, compressa, coronata calyce, bilocularis.
SEMINA duo, subrotunda, compressa, distantia.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five-toothed, above and remaining.
BLOSSOM one petal, funnel-shaped; tube long, spreading; border five
divided; segments equal, pointed and reflexed.
CHIVES. Five threads, hair-like, the length of the blossom. Tips oblong,
upright.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath, roundish, flattened. Shaft thread-shaped, the
length of the chives. Summit simple, blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. A roundish berry, flattened, crowned with the permanent
cup, two-celled.
SEEDS two, roundish, flattened, and at a distance from each other.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Chiococca foliis oppositis, ovatis, acuminatis; ramis horizontalibus;
floribus racemosis, pendulis.
Snowberry-tree with opposite leaves, egg-shaped, tapered; branches grow
horizontal; flowers grow in bunches hanging down.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, natural size.
2. The same, magnified.
3. A Flower.
4. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.
5. The same magnified.
The Snowberry-tree is a native of Jamaica, and some of the other West
India islands; requiring the temperature of the hothouse to preserve it;
growing to the height of four or five feet; but the stem being too weak
to support itself, must be assisted. It is propagated by cuttings, and
delights in a rich soil. We are informed in Miller’s Dictionary,
treating of this plant, that it was introduced to us, in the year 1729,
by Mr. Warner, of London; and that it was cultivated, in the garden of
Mr. Sherard, at Eltham, about that time. The root of this plant is used
medicinally, and has a very bitter, acrid taste. It is a very free
blowing plant, flowering the first year from the cuttings; but never
produces its fine white berries in this country, which constitute its
greatest beauty, and whence its generic title. Our figure was made from
a plant in the Hammersmith Collection. Flowers in September.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXV.
FERRARIA VIRIDIFLORA.
_Green-flowered Ferraria._
CLASS XVI. ORDER I.
_MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA._ Threads united. Three Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Spathæ unifloræ.
PETALA sex, undulato-crispata. Stigmata cucullata. Capsula 3-locularis,
infera.
ONE POINTAL. Sheaths one-flowered.
PETALS six, waved and crisped. Summits cowled. Capsule three-celled
beneath.
See FERRARIA PAVONIA, Pl. CLXXVIII. Vol. III.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ferraria foliis distichis, vaginantibus, costatis; petalis lanceolatis
æqualibus, interioribus immaculatis, angustioribus, virescentibus.
Ferraria with leaves pointing opposite ways sheathing the stem and
ribbed; petals lance-shaped, equal, the inner ones without spots,
narrower and greenish.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Seed-bud, Chives and Pointal.
2. One of the Chives, a little magnified, as seen from the inside.
3. The same seen from the outside.
4. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summits, the Chives removed.
5. One of the Summits magnified.
Our figure represents the Moræa Ferrariola of Jacquin’s Collectanea 4.
p. 141; but, as we conceive Ferraria a good, and distinct genus, we have
not followed either him, or Thunberg, who has likewise thrown these
plants to Moræa. At first sight we did not think this plant possessed of
sufficient distinctive character to be treated as a different species
from the F. undulata; but upon closer inspection found it to vary nearly
in every part; in the shape of the flower, the leaves and the root. The
singular character of this, and the other Cape Ferrarias, of making but
one growth in two, and sometimes three years; is hardly to be traced in
any other plants, but constantly so in these. They produce their flowers
about July, the season of their flowering; the flowers are as transitory
as those of the F. pavonia; that is to say, the duration of about six
hours. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection,
which flowered in the month of July 1802. The Ferrarias all propagate by
the root; and should be planted in sandy peat mixed with a small portion
of loam.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXVI.
HIBISCUS PATERSONIUS.
_Norfolk Island Hibiscus._
CLASS XVI. ORDER VI.
_MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ Threads united. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX duplex; exterior polyphyllus. Stigmata 5. Capsula 5-locularis,
polysperma.
EMPALEMENT double; outer one many-leaved. Five Summits. Capsule
five-celled, many-seeded.
See HIBISCUS MUTABILIS, Pl. CCXXVIII. Vol. IV.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hibiscus foliis acuminato-lanceolatis, coriaceis, supra punctatis,
subtus tomentosis: floribus axillaribus; calycibus monophyllis,
quinquedentatis.
Hibiscus with tapering lance-shaped leaves, leathery, dotted above and
downy underneath; flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves; cups
one-leaved, five-toothed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup with its foot-stalk.
2. The columnar part of the Chives cut open, the pointal taken away.
3. The Pointal.
4. A skinny membrane, which surrounds the seed-bud at the base.
5. A ripe capsule, with the enlarged cup attached.
6. The same, cut through the middle horizontally.
7. A ripe seed.
The Norfolk Island Hibiscus is a tender greenhouse plant; was introduced
to Britain, in the year 1792, having been raised from seeds communicated
by Col. Paterson, then stationed on that Island. It attains the height
of 13 feet, or more, becoming a small tree; may be increased readily
from cuttings, and should be planted in a mixture of loam and sandy
peat. Our figure is from a specimen received from the Right Hon. Lord
Viscount Courtenay, in whose collection at Powderham, near Exeter, it
flowered for the first time in the year 1800; and where also the seeds
ripened.
We have no doubt but this plant belongs to the Genus Lagunæa, of
Schreber; but as he proposes himself, and as L’Heritier as justly
observes, the simplicity of the cup is not a sufficient ground, on which
to found a new genus; so we have rather given our present subject, the
name under which it is in general known, than adopt a title for it which
is acknowledged by the author, as rather unwarrantable.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXVII.
STYPHELIA PARVIFLORA.
_Small-flowered Styphelia._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX imbricatus. Corolla tubulosa.
STAMINA fauci inserta. Drupa quinquelocularis. Semina bina.
EMPALEMENT tiled. Blossom tubular.
CHIVES inserted into the mouth of the blossom. A five celled berry.
Seeds by twos.
See STYPHELIA TRIFLORA, Pl. LXXII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Styphelia foliis lanceolatis, oppositis; floribus capitatis
terminalibus; corollis minutis, albis.
Styphelia with lance-shaped, opposite leaves; flowers terminate the
branches in heads; blossom small and white.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement magnified.
2. A Flower, natural size.
3. The same, magnified.
4. A Blossom, cut open, with the Chives attached.
5. The Pointal, natural size.
6. The same, magnified.
This Styphelia, as are all the known species of the genus, is a native
of New Holland, and was amongst the first plants which were raised from
seeds from that country. It is a hardy greenhouse plant; grows very
bushy, handsome in its foliage, and seldom exceeds two feet in height.
It is propagated by cuttings, made from the tender shoots, about the
month of April; and treated as directed for other plants natives of the
same clime. Should be planted in sandy peat earth.
Our figure was taken from a specimen communicated by Mr. Cuff, from his
select collection at Teddington, Middlesex; where it flowered, we
believe, for the first time in England, last year, in the month of
August, 1802.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXXXVIII.
PROTEA CYNAROIDES.
_Artichoke-like-flowered Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA quadrifida seu quadripetala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis
infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus.
SEMINA solitaria.
BLOSSOM four-cleft or four petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals
below the point. Empalement proper none.
SEEDS solitary.
See PROTEA FORMOSA, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis suborbiculatis, glaberrimis; petiolis longissimis;
squamulis calycinis lanceolatis, apice carinatis.
Protea with nearly orbicular leaves, and very smooth; footstalks very
long; scales of the cup lance-shaped, keeled at the point.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Floret spread open, with the Chives in their places.
2. The Pointal and Seed-bud.
To the Right Hon. the Earl of Coventry we are indebted for the figure of
this superb plant; it having flowered in his Lordship’s rich, and
extensive collection at Croome, Worcestershire, this present February,
1803, for the first time, in England; his Lordship did us the favour to
order the flower to be cut, and sent to London; where it arrived,
without the least injury, and continued in perfection many days.
The magnificence of this species of Protea, can be but poorly expressed
within the limited bounds of our publication; we have, nevertheless,
endeavoured to do it all the justice within our grasp. A considerable
part of the lustre of the flower is lost, from the small portion of the
leaves which could be introduced; as the contrasted beauty of the fine
broad shining leaves, which form, as it were, a nidus, or ground wood
for the blossom, contribute, so much, to heighten the beauty of the
whole.
The Protea cynaroides is a hardy greenhouse plant, was introduced to
Britain, in 1792, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, from the Cape
of Good Hope. May be increased by cuttings, taken off the lower part of
the plant; where they shoot out in clusters to the length of an inch or
more, and must be treated as has already been directed for Proteas in
general. The plant, even at the Cape, seldom grows higher than 18
inches, or two feet.
[Illustration]
INDEX
TO THE PLANTS CONTAINED IN VOL. III.
Plate 145 Hillia longiflora
| Long-flowered Hillia
| H. H.
| Shrub.
| February.
146 Psoralea aculeata
| Prickly Psoralea
| G. H.
| Shrub.
| August.
147 Gladiolus cuspidatus
| Spear-spotted Gladiolus
| G. H.
| Bulb.
| May.
148 Lachenalia quadricolor
| Four-coloured Lachenalia
| G. H.
| Bulb.
| December.
149 Struthiola ciliata
| Fringed-leaved Struthiola
| G. H.
| Shrub.
| August.
150 Geranium præmorsum
| Bitten-leaved Geranium
| H. H.
| Shrub.
| March.
151 Pittosporum coriaceum
| Thick-leaved Pittosporum
| G. H.
| Shrub.
| May.
152 Geranium spathulatum
| Spathula-leaved Geranium
| G. H.
| Shrub.
| April.
153 Viola pedata
| Bird’s-foot-leaved Violet
| Har.
| Herb.
| May.
154 Echium argenteum
| Silvery-leaved Viper’s Bugloss
| G. H.
| Shrub.
| July.
155 Ixia polystachia
| Many-spiked Ixia
| G. H.
| Bulb.
| May.
156 Banksia ericæfolia
| Heath-leaved Banksia
| G. H.
| Shrub.
| March.
157 Cordia Sebestena
| Rough-leaved Cordia
| H. H.
| Shrub.
| April.
158 Geranium echinatum
| Prickly-stalked Geranium
| H. H.
| Shrub.
| March.
159 Ixia capitata,
_Var. flo. albo, fundo nigro_