measureless riches for the world’s commerce and civilization. Its
gigantic, wide-spreading curse is the slave-trade. Eastern and Central
Africa still, over large portions of territory, is blighted with this
“sum of all villanies.” Its history has darker shades than any human
pencil can portray. Livingstone has told it, and startled the civilized
world with the story of murders innumerable and horrors unutterable,
of perpetual inter-tribal wars, instigated by the rapacious Arabs, so
that captives, numerous and cheap, may be kidnapped or bought for the
slave-markets of the coast.
This Mohammedan abomination is a standing, shameless affront to the
civilization of the great Christian powers of the earth. Commerce,
Humanity, Christianity, demand that it be blotted out. The progress
that has been made but recently in this country and Great Britain,
in respect to the doctrine of human rights and the claims of the
African people, indicates the duty of these powerful nations to this
long-benighted and sorely-stricken race. When this powerful barrier
against commerce, industry, science, education, Christianity is
removed, what will be the glory and grandeur of this great continent,
with its numberless population “stretching out their hands unto God,”
its uncivilized races transformed into Christian and prosperous
peoples, ministering to the world’s advancement by the inexhaustible
treasures with which the Creator has endowed their broad and beautiful
land!
Exactly one year before the death of the most eminent explorer of the
century, Dr. Livingstone, he finished, so his journal informs us,
a letter to the _New York Herald_, in which he endeavors to enlist
American enterprise and philanthropy in the suppression of the East
Coast slave-trade of Africa. The last words of the letter are these:
“All I can add in my loneliness is, may Heaven’s rich blessing come
down on every one, American, English, or Turk, who will help to heal
the open sore of the world.” No words could more perfectly represent
the life and spirit of this missionary traveller; and these--his appeal
to the American people--were chosen to be inscribed upon the tablet
erected to his memory near his grave in Westminster Abbey.
Loving America, rejoicing in her triumph over slavery, grateful to her
for rescuing him, when lost to the civilized world, by her brave and
adventurous Stanley, he bequeathes his great life-work, the fervent
aspiration of his heart, to her Christian zeal. And England, his own
country, takes that memorable invocation and inscribes it as the most
expressive memorial of the life and character of her noble son where
he is laid to rest among the great and renowned ones of her history.
Thus the devoted missionary, the world-known, world-honored explorer
of the vast continent of Africa, to which he had given his long and
laborious service, entrusts to Great Britain and America united, the
accomplishment of the noble undertaking that absorbed and consecrated
his life, viz.,
THE REGENERATION OF AFRICA.
CHAPTER CLXXI.
CENTRAL ASIA.
THE KAKHYENS.
HIGHLANDERS OF WESTERN CHINA -- PATRIARCHAL GOVERNMENT -- TRIBUTE
PAID TO THE CHIEF -- ARCHITECTURE OF THE KAKHYENS -- PERSONAL
APPEARANCE -- THEIR PRINCIPAL WEAPON -- SERVILE LOT OF WOMEN -- THE
MEETWAY OR DIVINER -- EXTRAORDINARY MANIFESTATIONS -- FAVORABLE
PREDICTIONS -- SEVERE ORDEAL OF THE ASPIRANT TO THE POSITION OF
MEETWAY -- MARRIAGE CEREMONIES -- COST OF A WIFE -- PUNISHMENT FOR
INFIDELITY -- RITES ATTENDING BIRTH OF A CHILD -- BURIAL RITES --
SERVICES OF THE TOOMSA -- THE DEATH-DANCE -- A CRUEL CUSTOM --
RELIGION OF THE KAKHYENS -- THE VARIOUS NATS OR DEITIES -- MORAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KAKHYENS -- THEIR KIDNAPPING -- CHARITABLE
EXPLANATION.
For many years the attention of the British Government has been
directed to the consideration of an overland route to Western China.
To avoid the long and perilous voyage by the Straits and the Indian
Ocean seemed to be an object fraught with so many commercial advantages
as to repay almost any endeavor to accomplish it. Accordingly in
January, 1868, the government of India sent an expedition, under the
command of Col. Edward B. Sladen, from the royal city of Mandalay, on
the Irrawaddy, to explore the unknown country beyond. The narrative
of the expedition, written by Dr. John Anderson, its medical officer
and naturalist, has recently been given to the public. The only use
our limits permit us to make of it, interesting though it is, is to
introduce to our readers the Kakhyens, or the wild Highlanders of that
distant and little known region of Western China.
The Kakhyens are a race of mountaineers inhabiting the hills that bound
the Irrawaddy basin. They are probably cognate with the hill tribes of
the Mishmees and Nagas. They call themselves Chingpaw, or “men,” and
Kakhyens is their Burmese appellation.
Among this people the patriarchal government has universally prevailed.
Each clan has its hereditary chief, assisted by _pawmines_, or
lieutenants, who determine all questions about which the people are at
variance. The youngest son is entitled to the office of chieftain; and
if there be no sons, it descends to the youngest brother. The eldest
sons inherit the rank of _pawmine_.
The chief of a clan exacts toll of all travellers through his
territory, and its payment secures his friendship and protection,
and accordingly that of his people. The slaves who were stolen as
children or kidnapped as adults belong to the _tsawbwa_, or head man
of the clan. The females are concubines, and the men, if obedient
and industrious, are kindly treated, their children being regarded
as members of the chieftain’s family. A basket of rice is the annual
tribute due the chief from every family, and if a buffalo be killed, a
quarter must be presented to him.
With singular good taste the Kakhyens build their villages near a
mountain stream in a sheltered glen, or a row of houses climbs some
gentle slope.
These are constructed of bamboo in an oblong form, with closely matted
sides, and raised on piles several feet from the ground. The roof is
thatched with grass and slopes nearly to the earth; the eaves being
propped by bamboo posts form a portico which is used at night as a
stable for pigs, ponies, and fowls, and as a lounging place for the
men during the day. These houses are generally built so as to face
eastward, and in size are about one hundred and fifty to two hundred
feet in length by forty to fifty feet in breadth. The front room is
devoted to hospitality and reserved for guests. Those in the rear are
occupied by different families more or less connected by blood or
marriage.
Owing to the admixture of Shan and Burmese blood, there are two styles
of face among these people, but the most common, that of the true
Chingpaw, has these characteristics. The face is round and short, with
a low forehead and prominent molars. The slightly oblique eyes, with a
wide space between, the broad nose and thick, protruding lips, give a
look of ugliness to their faces; but this is relieved considerably by
an expression of good-nature and kindness. There is a disproportionate
shortness of the legs, though they are slight, and otherwise well
formed. The Kakhyen possess remarkable agility. The young girls bound
along the hill paths with great fleetness, and bring down from the
mountains loads of wood and lumber that would task the strength of
full-grown Englishmen. With many attractions in personal appearance,
yet it is the universal custom never to change a garment till it be
worn out. Their clothes and persons are never washed, and they, both
women and men, leave their hair uncombed, so that it becomes a thick,
matted mass upon the head. A piece of bamboo or of embroidered red
cloth is inserted in the lobe of the ear; sometimes a piece of paper is
used, and old newspapers are in great demand. Around the leg, below the
knee, they wear a number of rattan rings.
The _dah_, or knife, is the invariable companion of these Highlanders.
“Half sheathed in wood and suspended to a rattan hoop covered with
embroidered cloth and adorned by a leopard’s tooth, it is slung over
the right shoulder so as to bring the hilt in front ready to the grasp
of the right hand.” The most common style of knife is short and broad,
widening from the hilt to the tip. This is called by the Burmese “the
Kakhyen’s chief,” because of the dexterity with which it is handled
by these mountaineers. It is the instrument for carving and tracing
ornaments on pipes and other articles, as well as the weapon which is
relied upon for attack or defence. With it the Kakhyen settles his
dispute, and employs it with marvellous readiness against his visible
enemies or the invisible nats or deities. They have other arms, such as
the matchlock and a cross-bow, with poisoned arrows.
Though some of the more industrious of the men aid the women in their
agricultural labor, yet it is characteristic of these hill men that
they dislike work, and all the toil and drudgery are the lot of the
women. The custom of the men is to wander from house to house and from
village to village, to gossip and drink and smoke. Having no inventive
talent, they do not work in metal, their _dahs_ even, though they are
the indispensable attendants of the Kakhyens, being made by the Shans
of the Hotha Valley. Their artistic work does not exceed the simplest
designs of tracery in straight lines and the rude figures of bird and
animal.
The Kakhyens never undertake any enterprise or begin a journey without
seeking to learn the will of the nats, through a meetway or diviner.
Sala, a Ponline chief, whose co-operation Col. Sladen desired,
privately intimated that the nats must be propitiated before any
advance into his country was begun. He and his party were accordingly
invited to the ceremony for ascertaining through a meetway, the will of
the demons in regard to their expedition. Dr. Anderson thus describes
it:--
“Accordingly after dinner we all adjourned to the hall of the
_tsawbwa’s_ new house, and reclining on mats brought by his wife,
chatted for some time with the chiefs and headmen assembled round the
fire. The meetway now entered and seated himself on a small stool, in
one corner, which had been through sprinkled with water; he then blew
through a small tube, and throwing it from him, with a deep groan,
fell into an extraordinary state of tremor; every limb quivered, and
his feet beat a literal ‘devil’s tattoo’ on the bamboo flooring. He
groaned as if in pain, tore his hair, passed his hand with maniacal
gestures over his head and face, then broke into a short, wild chant,
interrupted with sighs and groans, his features appearing distorted
with madness or rage, while the tones of his voice changed to an
expression of anger or fury. During this extraordinary scene, which
realized all one had read of demoniacal possession, the _tsawbwa_
and his _pawmines_ occasionally addressed him in low tones, as if
soothing or deprecating the anger of the dominant spirit, and at last
the _tsawbwa_ informed Sladen that the nats must be propitiated with
an offering. Fifteen rupees and some cloth were produced. The silver
on a bamboo, sprinkled with water, and the cloth on a platter of
plantain leaves were humbly laid at the diviner’s feet; but with one
convulsive jerk of the legs rupees and cloth were instantly kicked
away, and the medium, by increased convulsions and groans, intimated
the dissatisfaction of the nats with the offering. The _tsawbwa_ in
vain supplicated for its acceptance, and then signified to Sladen that
more rupees were required, and that the nats mentioned sixty as the
propitiatory sum. Sladen tendered five more, with an assurance that no
more would be given. The amended offering was again, but more gently,
pushed away, of which no notice was taken. After another quarter of
an hour, during which the convulsions and groans gradually grew less
violent, a dried leaf, rolled into a cone and filled with rice, was
handed to the meetway. He raised it to his forehead several times, and
then threw it on the floor; a _dah_, which had been carefully washed,
was next handed to him, and treated the same way, and after a few
gentle sighs he rose from his seat and, laughing, signed us to look at
his legs and arms, which were very tired. The oracle was in our favor,
and predictions of all manner of success were interpreted to us as the
utterances of the inspired diviner.”
The ordeal which a young man, who shows some signs of the diviner’s
gift, has to undergo before becoming an accredited meetway is an
extremely difficult one. “A ladder is prepared, the steps of which
consist of sword-blades with the sharp edges turned upward, and this is
reared against a platform thickly set with sharp spikes. The barefooted
novice ascends the perilous path to fame, and seats himself on the
spikes without any apparent inconvenience; he then descends by the same
ladder, and if, after having been carefully examined, he is pronounced
free from any trace of injury he is thenceforward accepted as a true
diviner.”
Purchase and abduction, which constitute so prominent a part of the
nuptial rites of many races, also enter very largely into the marriage
ceremonies of the Kakhyens. A rich Kakhyen pays for his wife, a female
slave, ten pieces of silver, ten spears, ten buffaloes, ten _dahs_,
a gong, two suits of clothes, a matchlock, and an iron cooking-pot.
Clothes and presents of silver are given by him to the bridesmaids, and
he must pay all the expenses of the marriage feast.
Preliminary to a marriage the diviner or _toomsa_ is consulted in
regard to the fortune of the intended bride; some portion of her
dress or some ornament is obtained and given to the seer, who then
predicts her destiny. If his report be favorable, messengers are sent
with presents to the girl’s parents to make proposals and learn from
them the amount of the dowry required; if these terms be accepted,
the bridegroom sends two messengers to inform the bride’s parents
that such a day is selected for the marriage. These are feasted, and
then attended on their return by two of her kindred, who agree to be
prepared for the marriage. “When the day comes five young men set out
from the bridegroom’s village to that of the bride, where they wait
till nightfall in a neighboring house. At dusk the bride is brought
thither by one of the stranger girls, as it were, without the knowledge
of her parents, and told that these men have come to claim her. They
all set out for the bridegroom’s village. In the morning, the bride is
placed under a closed canopy outside the bridegroom’s house. Presently
there arrives a party of young men from her village to search, as they
say, for one of their girls who has been stolen. They are invited to
look under the canopy, and bidden, if they will, to take the girl away,
but they reply, ‘It is well, let her remain where she is.’ While a
buffalo, etc., are being killed as a sacrifice, the bridegroom hands
over the dowry, and shows the _trousseau_ prepared for his bride.
Meanwhile, the _toomsa_, or officiating priest has arranged bunches of
fresh grass, pressed down with bamboos at regular intervals, so as to
form a carpet between the canopy and the bridegroom’s house.”
At every marriage there is an invocation to the household nats, and
a libation of sheroo and water. The grass-path over which the bride
passes from the canopy is sprinkled with the blood of fowls. Boiled
eggs, ginger, and dried fish are offered to the household deities. This
ends the ceremony. The bridegroom is merely a spectator of all these
rites. Then a grand feast follows. In addition to the usual fare, such
as plantains, rice, fish, and pork, the flesh of the buffalo, offered
in sacrifice, and that of the barking deer are provided for the guests.
These viands, together with liberal supplies of sheroo and the Chinese
samshu, are the preparations for the dance. Various musical instruments
are employed to contribute to the entertainment of the occasion; and
the marriage feast ends at length, like all their festal gatherings, in
drunkenness and often in a brutal quarrel.
Female infidelity after marriage the Kakhyens regard as a crime
punishable by death, which the aggrieved husband may inflict at any
time upon both the offenders. If a wife elope the husband is entitled
to damages double the amount of the marriage dowry, and this the
kinsmen of the wife’s seducer must make good or incur the penalty of a
feud.
The household nats are propitiated the day after the birth of a child
by the sacrifice of a hog and offerings of sheroo. The _toomsa_, the
slayer and the cook, and the head of the household only share in the
flesh; but the entrails, with eggs, fish, and ginger, are put upon the
altars so that the villagers may partake. All are invited, and sheroo
is offered in the order of seniority. When the feast is over the oldest
man among the guests rises, and pointing to the child announces its
name.
The peculiarities of their burial rites can best be given in the
language of Dr. Anderson: “When a Kakhyen dies the news is announced
by a discharge of matchlocks. This is a signal for all to repair to
the house of death. Some cut bamboos and timber for the coffin, others
prepare for the funeral rites. A circle of bamboos is driven into the
ground slanting outward, so that the upper circle is much wider than
the base. To each a small flag is fastened, grass is placed between
this circle and the house, and the _toomsa_ scatters grass over the
bamboos and pours a libation of sheroo. A hog is then slaughtered, and
the flesh cooked and distributed, the skull being fixed on one of the
bamboos. The coffin is made of the hollowed trunk of a large tree,
which the men fell with their _dahs_. Just before its fall a fowl is
killed by being dashed against the tottering stem. The place where
the head is to rest is blackened with charcoal and a lid constructed.
The body is washed and dressed in new clothes. Some of the pork,
boiled rice, and sheroo are placed before it, and a piece of silver is
inserted in the mouth to pay ferry dues over the streams the spirit
may have to cross. It is then coffined and carried to the grave, amidst
the discharge of firearms. The old clothes of the deceased are laid
on the mound, and sheroo is poured out, the best being drunk by the
friends around it. In returning the mourners strew ground-rice along
the path, and when near the village they cleanse their legs and arms
with fresh leaves. Before re-entering the house all are lustrated with
water by the _toomsa_ with an asperge of grass, pass over a bundle
of grass sprinkled with the blood of a fowl, sacrificed during their
absence to the spirit of the dead. Eating and drinking wind up the day.
Next morning an offering of a hog and sheroo is made to the spirit of
the dead man, and a feast and dance are held till late at night and
resumed in the morning. A final sacrifice of a buffalo in honor of
the household nats then takes place, and the _toomsa_ breaks down the
bamboo fence, after which the final death-dance successfully drives
forth the spirit, which is believed to have been still lingering round
its former dwelling.”
In the death-dance all classes and ages participate,--men, women, and
children,--each carrying a small stick with which they beat time as
they move round the hall with measured step, which is a sort of prance
and side-shuffle. The drummers vigorously beat their instruments, and
ever and anon the dancers burst into loud yells and increase the speed
and violence of their movements.
No funeral rites are granted to those who are killed by shot or steel.
Such are buried in jungles, their bodies being merely wrapped in mats.
A small, open hut is constructed over the grave for the occupancy of
the spirits, and a _dah_, bag, and basket are deposited there for them.
So, too, those dying of small-pox and women dying in child-birth are
refused the usual rites of burial. A strange superstition possesses
the people respecting the mother and her unborn child,--they are
supposed to become a terrible compound vampire. All the young people
hurry from the house in terror, and the diviner is summoned to discover
what animal the evil spirit will devour, and with what other it will
transmigrate. The first animal is sacrificed and a part of the flesh
put before the corpse. The other animal indicated by the _toomsa_ is
hung, and a grave is dug in the direction to which the head of the
animal pointed when dead. The clothes and ornaments of the deceased are
deposited in the grave and the other property is burned upon it, and a
small hut is built over it.
These singular rites indicate in some degree the prominent idea in
the religion of this wild race. There is a universal and irresistible
belief in good and evil spirits, and the ancient forms of worshipping
them are retained. All missionary endeavors to produce any change in
their religious thought and customs have been fruitless. There is a
belief in a future existence and a vague conception of a Supreme Author
of all things.
“The objects of worship are the nats, benign or malignant,--the first
such as Sinlah, the sky spirit, who gives rain and good crops; Chan and
Shitah, who cause the sun and moon to rise. These they worship because
their fathers did so and told their children that they were good.
Cringwan is the beneficent patron of agriculture; but the malignant
nats must be bribed not to ruin the crops. When the ground is cleared
for sowing, Masoo is appeased with pork and fowls burned at the foot
of the village altars; when the paddy is eared, buffaloes and pigs are
sacrificed to Cajat. A man about to travel is placed under the care of
Muron, the _toomsa_, after due sacrifices, requesting him to tell the
other nats not to harm that man. Neglect of Mowlain will result in the
want of _compraw_, or silver, the great object of a Kakhyen’s desire;
and if hunters forbear offerings to Chilong some one will be killed by
stag or tiger. Chilong and Muron are two of ten brothers who have an
especial interest in Kakhyen affairs, and another, named Phee, is the
guardian of the night. Every hill, forest, and stream has its own nat
of greater or less power; every accident or illness is the work of some
malignant or vindictive one of ‘these viewless ministers.’
The character of this race of mountaineers is not attractive. They
are not brave as warriors, but are quarrelsome and revengeful, and if
atonement for a wrong be not made they perpetuate a feud implacably.
They do not seek an open, fair fight, but lie in wait and attack
stealthily, springing like the tiger upon their foes. Anderson
touches their portrait with these dark lines,--“lazy, thievish, and
untrustworthy.”
Their thieving propensity extends to man-stealing. They are the
kidnappers of the country.
Dr. Anderson, however, charitably intimates that perhaps the moral
deterioration of these fierce, cruel highlanders may be the result
of “the knavish injustice of the Chinese traders, or the high-handed
extortion and wrong on the part of the Burmese.” The readers of this
work will remember many and sad proofs in these sketches of the
uncivilized races, that tribes, possessing naturally many excellent
traits, have been transformed and degraded into most selfish, brutal,
and cruel people by the pillage and piracy of their neighbors, and
sometimes by the rapacity and fraud of those that are called civilized
and Christian nations.
INDEX.
A.
Abyssinia, 641.
Accawaios, So. America, 1222.
Admiralty Islanders, 970.
Adoption of Parents, Namaquas, 279.
AGRICULTURE among the
Badema, 367. Bakalai, 492. Batoka, 350. Bayeye, 338. Bouka, 971.
Dinka, 470. Djour, 448. Fuegians, 1168. Gani, 430. Guianans,
1246. Hebrides, New, 972. Hottentots, 231. Kaffirs, 138, 139-144.
Manganjas, 355. Ovambos, 319. Shekiani, 522. Wasagara, 407. Watusi,
409.
Ahitas, Philippine Islands, 920.
Ahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
Ajitas, Philippine Islands, 920.
Alapu-ches, Chili, S. A., 1190.
Alfoërs, New Guinea, 905.
Alfouras, New Guinea, 905.
Amaharas, Africa, 667.
Amakosa, Africa, 12.
Amaponda, Africa, 12.
Amaswazi, Africa, 12.
Amatonga, Africa, 12.
Amazonians, So. Am., 1215.
Amazons, Africa, 567.
Amazulu, Africa, 12.
Amulets, see Charms.
AMUSEMENTS among the
Ahts, 1336. Apono, 487. Araucanians, 1204. Australians, 748-753.
Bayeye, 339. Bechuanas, 293, 297. Begharmis, 639. Bosjesmans,
262-4. Camma, 509. Co-yukons, 1375. Damaras, 313. Dory, 917. Dyaks,
1141-1144. Esquimaux, 1349. Fanti, 553. Fijians, 954. Gallas, 671.
Ghoorkas, 1424. Guianans, 1252-1255. Hottentots, 234-236. Indians,
N. A., 1285-1298, 1320-1325. Ishogo, 479. Japanese, 1454, 1462.
Kaffirs, 144-147. Korannas, 270. Madi, 433. Makololo, 335. Malemutes,
1374. Maories, 845. Marquesans, 1049. Namaquas, 278. Ovambos, 320.
Pelew Islanders, 1108. Samoans, 1026. Sandwich Islanders, 1092-1096.
Shooas, 629. Tahitans, 1062, 1063. Tasmanians, 753. Tibboos, 633.
Tongans, 995, 996, 1004. Tuaricks, 634. Tungusi, 1380. Wanyoro, 426.
Wanyamuezi, 390-393. Waraus, 1261. Watusi, 409. Zealanders, New,
818-822.
Ancient Europe, 1473.
Andamaners, 888.
Anecdote of Korannas, 269.
Anecdotes of Bosjesmans, 267.
Aneiteum, New Hebrides, 975.
Angolese, Africa, 380.
ANIMALS of
Australia, 701. Guiana, 1222. Fondness for in Guiana, 1258. Dogs of
Esquimaux, 1346. Of Africa, 126. Of Kaffirs, 127, 140. Of India,
1416-1421.
Apingi, Africa, 488.
Apono, Africa, 484.
Aprons of Kaffirs, Africa, 48.
Arabs, Africa, 687.
Araucanians, S. A., 1190.
Arawaks, Guiana, 1222.
ARCHITECTURE of
Abyssinia, 667. Ahts, 1369. Ancient Europe, 1473. Andamaners, 892.
Apono, 487. Australians, 784-786. Bakalai, 491. Balonda, 378. B ari,
464. Bayeye, 339. Bechuanas, 297, 299. Bedouins, 682. Begharmis, 635.
Bonny, 601. Bornabi, 1103. Bornuese, 626. Bosjesmans, 251. Britain,
New, 970. Caledonians, New, 884. Dahome, 562. Damaras, 310-311.
Dor, 447. Dory, 914. Dyaks, 1149-1150. Egbas, 592. Esquimaux, 1335.
Fijians, 956. Fuegians, 1165. Gani, 429. Guianans, 1245-1270. Guinea,
New, 912. Hassaniyeh, 686. Hervey Islanders, 1037. Hottentots, 227,
228. Hovas, 690. Indians, N. A., 1329. Ingeletes, 1375. Ireland, New,
970. Ishogos, 476. Japanese, 1461. Kaffirs, 56, 62, 207. Kanemboos,
627. Kingsmill Islanders, 1038. Madi, 433. Makololo, 328. Malagasy,
690. Malemutes, 1374. Maories, 866. Mapuchés, 1192. Marquesans,
1049. Mexicans, 1272. Nicobarians, 896. Niuans, 1056. Nubians,
674. Obongos, 482. Ostiaks, 1384. Outanatas, 901. Ovambos, 316.
Patagonians, 1185. Pelew Islanders, 1108. Samoans, 1031. Shekiani,
522. Shillooks, 472. Shooas, 629. Siamese, 1472. Society Islanders,
1073. Tungusi, 1379. Waganda, 419. Wanyamuezi, 389. Waraus, 1268.
Wazaramo, 406.
Armor of Japanese, 1460.
Art of Japanese, 1465.
Ashangos, Africa, 480.
Ashanti, Africa, 554.
Ashira, Africa, 496.
Assagais, Kaffir, Africa, 94, 100.
Aurora, description of, 1352.
Australia, Polynesia, 694.
Ayhuttisahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
B.
Badema, Africa, 367.
Baenda-pezi, or Go-Nakeds, Batoka, 349.
Bahurotsi, Africa, 280.
Bakalai, Africa, 491.
Bakoba, Africa, 337.
Bakwains, Africa, 280.
Balonda, Africa, 369.
Balondo, Africa, 369.
Bamairis, Africa, 286.
Bamangwato, Africa, 295.
Bantus, Africa, 11.
Banyai, Africa, 361.
Barber, Chinese, 1427.
Barea, Africa, 668.
Bari, Africa, 462.
Barolongs, Africa, 280.
Bathing, Japanese, 1453, 1454.
Batlapis, Africa, 280.
Batlares, Africa, 286.
Batoanas, Africa, 337.
Batoka, Africa, 348.
Batonga, Africa, 348.
Bayeye, Africa, 337.
Beauty, see Women.
Bechuanas, Africa, 280.
Bedouins, Africa, 681.
Begharmis, Africa, 635.
Betrothal, see Marriage.
Blackfeet, North America, 1273.
Bonny, Africa, 600.
Bornabi, Caroline Islands, 1103.
Bornuese, Africa, 620.
Bosjesman, Africa, 242.
Bouka, Polynesia, 971.
Brahmins, India, 1408.
Britain, New, Polynesia, 969.
Brumer’s Island, Australasia, 907.
Bubes, Africa, 610.
BURIAL of the dead among
Abyssinians, 659. Ahitas, 921. Ahts, 1373. Ajitas, 921. Alfoërs,
906. Angolese, 328-383. Apingi, 490. Apono, 488. Araucanians,
1210. Ashira, 503. Australians, 772-777. Balonda, 380. Bari, 464.
Bechuanas, 300. Camma, 520. Co-yukons, 1375. Dahome, 588. Damaras,
314. Dory, 917. Dyaks, 1160. Esquimaux, 1351. Fanti, 550. Fijians,
965-967. Of Fijian chief, 965. Hottentots, 241. Indians, N. A., 1330.
Kaffir, 200-295. Karague, 405. Kingsmill Islanders, 1043. Krumen,
548. Latookas, 459. Makololo, 336. Manganjas, 360. Marquesans,
1051. Mincopies, 895. Mpongwé, 527. Nicobarians, 897. Niuans, 1056.
Obongos, 483. Patagonians, 1189. Pelew Islanders, 1109. Samoïedes,
1382. Siamese, 1472. Sioux, 1330. Society Islanders, 1076. Sowrahs,
1389. Tongans, 1004. Waganda, 421. Wanyamuezi, 396. Wanyoro, 428.
Wazaramo, 406. Zealand, New, 869-874.
Bushman, Africa, 242.
Button, Chinese, 1429.
C.
Caledonians, New, 883.
Camanchees, N. A., 1289.
Camma, Africa, 504.
CANNIBALISM among
Ahts, 1372. Andamaners, 891. Australians, 747. In Britain, New, 970.
Bonny, 602. Caledonia, New, 885. Among Caribs, 1240. Fans, 530-535.
Fijians, 942-946. Fuegians, 1167. In Ireland, New, 970. Among Isle
of Pines Men, 887. Kingsmill Islanders, 1040. Maories, 834-837.
Marquesans, 1051. Niuans, 1056. Papuans, 900. Samoans, 1022-1023.
Sandwich Islanders, 1091. Society Islanders, 1073. Solomon Islanders,
968. Tanna, 972. Tungusi, 1379.
CANOES, making and skill in management of, among
Admiralty Islanders, 971. Ahts, 1362. Australians, 701-717. Batoka,
349. Bayeye, 338. Bouka, 971. Brumer Islanders, 908-911. Caledonians,
New, 829. Dyaks, 1136. Esquimaux, 1344. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 932.
Fuegians, 1168. In Guinea, New, 913. Among Indians, N. A., 1325.
Krumen, 544. Makoba, 340. Makololo, 327. Maories, 825. Marquesans,
1051. Mincopies, 890. Nicobarians, 897. Niuans, 1056. Outanatas,
902. Papuans, 900. Pelew Islanders, 1107. Samoans, 1020. In San
Christoval, 970. Among Society Islanders, 1074, Solomon Islanders,
969. Waraus, 1222, 1262.
Caribs, Guiana, S. A., 1222.
Caroline Islands, 1100.
CASTE, among
Damaras, 312. Karague, 399. Khonds, 1393. Sowrahs, 1385. Zealanders,
New, 792.
Catlin’s portrait of Indian dandy, 1279.
CATTLE of the
Balonda, 376. Bosjesmans, 254. Damaras, 310. Hottentots, 233.
Kaffirs, 66-71. Kytch, 439. Latookas, 454. Malagasy, 690. Namaquas,
277. Shooas, 629. Watusi, 409.
CEREMONIES, connected with
Accession of son, Damaras, 314. Battle, before and after, New
Zealand, 851. Becoming men, Australians, 761-764. Birth, Abyssinians,
658. Fijians, 954, New Zealanders, 816. Burial of King, Fijians, 967.
Cementing friendship, Balondos, 378. Cooking war dish, Ashangos,
480. Coronation, Congoese, 616, Mpongwé, 527. Customs, Dahomans,
573. Death of King, Tongans, 993-994. Death and Mourning, Camma,
520. Drinking kava, Tongans, 985-990. Entering boyhood, Kaffirs, 18.
Fallen in war, Caledonians, New, 886. Feast of First Fruits, Tongans,
990-993. Funeral of Finow, Tongans, 998. Going to War, Bechuanas,
292. Head-worship, Dahomans, 587. Homage to Manono, Samoans, 1022.
Initiation of Cannibal, Malemutes, 1372. Kangaroo, Australians,
762. King, appearing before, Dahomans, 574. Making brotherhood,
Australians, 767, Araucanians, 1205. Marriage, Kaffirs, 86, Samoans,
1031, Sowrahs, 1386. M’paza, or twin, Ishogos, 479. Moon, full,
Camma, 510, Fans, 539. Moon, New, Karagne, 401, Mincopies, 895.
Mourning, Australians, 772. Ox of the Girl, Kaffirs, 86. Ox of the
Surplus, Kaffirs, 86. Receiving Guests, Waganda, 419. Reception into
“Mides,” N. A. Indians, 1310. Religious, Abyssinians, 658, Esquimaux,
1350. “Rupack,” Pelew Islanders, 1104. Sacrificial, Kaffirs, 172,
Society Islanders, 1075. Setting apart “piai” men, Guiana, 1263.
Shedding of blood, Dyaks, 1159. Sickness, Tongans, 998. Society of
hunters, Australians, 763. Sprinkling water, Dahomans, 588, New
Zealand, 817. Tow-tow, Tongans, 994-995. Visiting, Fijians, 940.
CHARMS among
Abyssinians, 665, 666. Angolese, 381. Apingi, 490. Australians, 771.
Bechuanas, 292. Dyaks, 1158. Fans, 539. Indians, N. A., 1313. Kaffir,
181-183. Karague, 402. Namaquas, 277. Nubians, 674. Waganda, 419.
Wanyoro, 428.
Charming serpents, India, 1416.
Cherokees, No. America, 1331.
Chickasaws, No. America, 1319.
CHILDREN, treatment of among
Andamaners, 892. Arawaks, 1247. Australians, 757, 758. Bakalai, 492.
Co-yukons, 1375. Esquimaux, 1349. Fijians, 954. Flat-heads, 1319,
1320. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1214. Indians, N. A., 1319. Ingeletes,
1375. Ishogo, 479. Kaffir, 16-18. Madi, 433. Mapuchés, 1192.
Outanatas, 901. Patagonians, 1186. Samoans, 1009. Wanyamuezi, 393.
Zealanders, New, 816, 817.
Chinese, China, 1426.
Chinnooks, No. America, 1319.
Choctaws, No. America, 1319.
Chopsticks, Chinese, 1431.
Christie’s sketch, Bosjesman, 266.
Chuanas, Africa, 280.
CLEANLINESS among
Abyssinians, 667. Bakalai, 492, 493. Esquimaux, 1333. Fuegians, 1168.
Kaffirs, 45. Madi, 430. Manganjas, 359. Ostiaks, 1384. Wanyamuezi,
393. Wanyoro, 422-426. Waraus, 1258. Watusi, 409.
Commi, Africa, 504.
COMPLEXION of
Abyssinians, 642. Ahitas, 290. Ahts, 1355. Angolese, 380. Apingi,
488. Australians, 694. Bakalai, 492. Balondo, 370. Batoka, 348.
Begharmis, 636. Bosjesmans, 243. Bouka, 971. Caledonians, New,
883. Camma, 505. Djibbas, 464. Dyaks, 1111. Egbas, 590. Esquimaux,
1333. Fans, 529. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 922. Fuegians, 1162. Gallas,
671. Hebrides, New, 972. Hervey Islanders, 1032. Hottentots, 217.
Hovas, 690. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1211. Indians, N. Am. 1273.
Isle of Pines Men, 887. Japanese, 1449. Karague, 399. Kingsmill
Islanders, 1038. Krumen, 545. Makololo, 327. Marquesans, 1047.
Mundurucús, 1215. Neam-Nam, 442. Nicobarians, 896. Nubians, 673.
Obongos, 482. Outanatas, 900. Papuans, 898. Patagonians, 1172. Pelew
Islanders, 1104. Samoans, 1008. Sandwich Islanders, 1081. Shekiani,
522. Siamese, 1468. Solomon Islanders, 968. Tahitans, 1058. Tanna
Islanders, 972. Tongans, 977. Vaté Islanders, 972. Waraus, 1222.
Zealanders, New, 792.
Congoese, Africa, 614.
Cooking, see Food.
Cook’s Islanders, Polynesia, 1032.
Co-yukons, Alaska, 1375.
Cree tribe, North America, 1313.
Creeks, North America, 1331.
Crow tribe, North America, 1273.
“Crowing” of Damaras, 310.
Crucifixion, Chinese, 1439.
Crucifixion, Japanese, 1461.
CRUELTY to aged among
Fijians, 954. Indians, 1320. Namaquas, 278. To prisoners, Fijians,
954.
Customs, Dahome, 573.
CUSTOMS, curious, of
Alfoërs, 906. Araucanians, 1205. Ashanti, Yam and Adai, 559.
Caledonians, New, 887. Dyaks, 1136. Fijians, Loloku of the sail, 967.
Guianans, 1247. Hervey Islanders, 1034. Kanemboos, 627. Kingsmill
Islanders, 1040. Marquesans, 1049. Obongos, domestic, 482. Ovambos,
at meals, 322. Tahitans, 1061. Tchuktchi, 1378. Tongans, 982.
D.
Dacotahs, North America, 1307.
Dahomans, Africa, 561.
Damaras, Africa, 304.
Dancing, see Amusements.
DANCES of
Ahts, doctor’s nook, 1366, roof, 1366. Apono, giant, 487. Arawaks,
puris, 1252. Australians, kuri, 748, palti, 752, kangaroo, 752,
pedeku, 751, frog, 751, corrobboree, 752. Bechuanas, 297. Bosjesmans,
262. Camma, gorilla, 509. Damaras, 313. Dyaks, sword, 1143, war,
1143, head, 1143. Esquimaux, 1349. Fans, full moon, 539. Fijians,
955. Guianans, maquarri, 1255. Hottentots, melon, 235. Indians, N.
A., scalp, 1286, buffalo, 1297, ball-play, 1320, pipe, 1320, beggar’s
bear, 1320, dog, 1320, eagle, 1323, braves, 1323, green corn, 1323,
snow-shoe, 1323, slave, 1323. Kaffir, wedding, 55. Korannas, 270.
Latookas, funeral, 459. Madi, 433. Malemutes, 1374. Marquesans, 1049.
New Guinea, war, 917. New Zealand, war, 845. Niuans, war, 1055. Pelew
Islanders, 1108. Samoans, wedding, 1031. Shooas, 668. Tasmanians,
753. Tungusi, 1380. Wanyamuezi, 390. Watusi, 409.
Dankallis, Africa, 671.
Delawares, North America, 1331.
Dingan, Kaffir chief, visit to, 91.
Dingan at home, 207.
Dinkas, Africa, 469.
Djibba, Africa, 464.
Djour, Africa, 448.
Dog eater, initiation of, Ahts, 1371.
Dôr, Africa, 444.
Dory, Africa, 914.
DRESS among
Abyssinians, 642-647. Accawaios, 1222. Admiralty Islanders, 970.
Ahts, 1355. Andamaners, 889. Apingi, 489. Apono, 484. Ashango, 480.
Ashanti, 554. Ashira, 496. Australians, 699-705. Bakalai, 492.
Balonda, 370. Bari, 463, 464. Batoka, 348. Bayeye, 339. Bechuanas,
284. Bedouins, 681. Bonny, 603. Bornabi, 1103. Bornuese, 621.
Bosjesmans, 246. Bouka, 971. Britain, New, 969. Brumer’s Islanders,
907. Bubes, 610. Caledonians, New, 883. Caribs, 1222. Chinese, 1429.
Congoese, 616. Co-yukons, 1375. Dahomans, 568. Damaras, 306. Dinkas,
469. Djibbas, 467. Dor, 447. Dory, 914. Dyaks, 1112-1116-1118. Egbas,
591. Esquimaux, 1334. Fans, 529. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 926-928.
Fuegians, 1162. Gallas, 671. Gani, 430. Guianans, 1256-1258.
Hebrides, New, 972. Hervey Islanders, 1032. Hottentots, 222. Hovas,
690. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1212. Indians, North America, 1275, 1276.
Ireland, New, 969. Ishogos, 479. Isle of Pines Men, 887. Japanese,
kami-samo, 1449-1453. Kaffirs, 28-51, 53, change of on betrothal,
Kaffir, 51. Kanemboos, 627. Karague, 405. Khonds, 1389. Kingsmill
Islanders, 1038. Korannas, 270. Krumen, 545. Kytch, 436. Latookas,
453. Madi, 430-433. Makoba, 339. Makololo, 327. Malagasy, 690.
Malemutes, 1374. Manganja, 356. Mapuchés, 1190-1191. Marquesans,
1044. Mpongwé, 524. Musguese, 639. Namaquas, 275. Neam-Nam, 442.
Nicobarians, 896. Niuans, 1055. Nubians, 673. Nuehr, 468. Obbo,
434. Obongos, 482. Outanatas, 900. Ovambos, 316. Papuans, 900.
Patagonians, 1173. Pelew Islanders, 1104. Romanzoff Islanders, 1100.
Samoans, 1009, 1013, 1014. Samoïedes, 1383. Sandwich Islanders,
1081. Shillooks, 472. Shir, 461. Shooas, 630. Siamese, 1468. Solomon
Islanders, 969. Soumaulis, 672. Sowrahs, 1386. Tahitans, 1059.
Tibboos, 630. Tongans, gnatoo, 977. Tuaricks, 634. Vaté Islanders,
972. Wagogo, 385. Wanyamuezi, 386. Waraus, 1269. Wasagara, 407.
Watusi, 408. Wazaramo, 406. Zealanders, New, 807-813.
DRINKS, intoxicating, of
Abyssinia, 657. Apingi, 490. Apono, 484. Ashira, 498. Araucanians,
1203. Balonda, 377. Chinese, 1429. Congoese, 616. Dyaks, 1145. Fans,
539. Guianans, 1251. Kaffir, 152. Karague, 400, 401. Krumen, 546.
Manganja, 359. Wanyamuezi 393, 394. Waraus, 1269.
Dust signals of Outanatas, 902.
Dutulu, adventures of, 69.
Dyaks, Land, Borneo, 1110.
Dyaks, Sea, 1110.
E.
Eastern Islands, 1100.
Economy of Chinese, 1443.
Egbas, Africa, 590.
Elephant catching, Bayeye, 338.
Elephant, white, Siam, 1471.
Endurance, see Strength.
Errumanga, New Hebrides, 975.
Esquimaux, N. America, 1333.
ETIQUETTE among
Abyssinians, 657. Ashiras, 498. Araucanians, 1205. Balonda. 377.
Batokas, 350. Bonny, 601. Cammas, 505-509. Dahomans, 566, 585.
Fijians, 940, 941. Japanese, 1459. Kaffir, 87, 148, 160. Makololo,
326. Maories, 824, 850. Mapuchés, 1193. Samoans, 1009. Siamese, 1471.
Tahitans, 1069. Waganda, 410. Wanyanmuezi, 389. Waraus, 1261. Watusi,
408.
Europe, Ancient, 1473.
F.
Fans, Africa, 529.
Fans, Chinese, 1430.
Fans, war, Japanese, 1461.
Fanti, Africa, 548.
FEASTS of
Abyssinians, raw flesh, 656. Abyssinians, wedding, 658. Ahts, 1364.
Arawaks, piwarri, 1252. Chinese, of lanterns, 1431. Fans, marriage,
536. Fijians, given to gods, 942. Fuegians, 1167. Indians, N. A.,
dog, 1330. Kaffir, first fruits, 172. Malemutes, 1374. Samoans,
wedding, 1031. Waikato, hui, 827.
Feet of women, Chinese, 1428.
Female soldiers, Dahomans, 567.
Fetishes, Ashanti, 559.
Fijians, Australia, 922.
FIRE-MAKING among
Australians, 786. Dyaks, 1151. Fuegians, 1168. Kaffir, 100.
FISHING among
Ahts, 1356-1361. Australians, 710, 728. Badema, with nets, 367.
Balonda, 377. Bayeye, 388. Chinese, with cormorants, 1444. Dyaks,
1118, 1132. Esquimaux, 1343. Fijians, turtle, 931. Fuegians, 1166.
Guinea, New, 913. Hervey Islanders, 1637. Kanemboos, 627. Malemutes,
whale, 1361, salmon, 1360. Maories, 830-833. Marquesans, 1051.
Ostiaks, 1384. Ovambo, 320. Samoans, 1026. Sandwich Islanders, 1086.
Shillooks, 472.
Flat Heads, N. America, 1319.
FOOD of, and modes of eating among
Abyssinians, 655. Ahts, 1364. Andamaners, 891. Angolese, manioc,
381. Araucanians, 1200. Ashira, 497. Australians, turtle and snakes,
702-714. Bakalai, 492. Balonda, manioc, 376. Banyai, 366. Bechuanas,
296. Bedouins, 684. Bosjesmans, 252. Caledonians, New, 885. Chinese,
bird-nests, 1432. Damaras, 313. Dyaks, 1118-1144. Esquimaux, 1336,
special dainties, 1337. Fans, 534. Fijians, 941, 942. Fuegians, 1166,
1168. Guianans, 1248, 1249. Hervey Islanders, 1037. Hottentots, 232,
233. Kaffir, 131, 132, 147-151, 157. Kytch, 439. Makololo, 326.
Mandingoes, 608. Maories, 827-834. Mpongwé, 524. Mundurucús, 1220.
Neam-Nam, 442. Ovambo, 322. Patagonians, 1185. Samoans, palolo, 1030,
1031. Sandwich Islanders, 1086. Shir tribe, 462. Shoas, 668. Swiss
Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tungusi, 1380. Wanyamuezi, 394. Wanyoro, 426.
Waraus, 1269.
Form of women, Hottentots, 218.
Fox tribe, N. America, 1323.
Fuegians, Tierra del Fuego, 1161.
Funerals, see Burial.
FURNITURE,
Japanese, 1462. Kaffir, 206. See Architecture.
G.
Gallas, Africa, 671.
GAMES of
Abyssinians, the ladies, 653. Araucanians, pelican, 1204. Avas,
1204. Dyaks, 1141-1143. Fijians, 954. Indians, N. A., archery, 1285,
chung-chee, 1324, al-kol-lock, 1324, pagessan, or bowl, 1324, ball,
1324, leaping rock, 1329. Japanese, children’s, 1462. Japanese mall,
1454, ladder balancing, 1456, top spinning, 1456, butterfly trick,
1456. Makololo, children’s, 332. New Zealand children’s, 818. Society
Islanders, children’s, 1095. Wanyamuezi, children’s, 393.
Gani, Africa, 429.
Ghou Damup, Africa, 304.
Ghoorkas, India, 1395.
Gilbert Islands, 1100.
Gold washing, Ashanti, 555.
Gonaquas, Africa, 274.
Goura, musical instrument, Bosjesmans, 264.
GOVERNMENT, mode of among
Abyssinians, 649. Ajitas, 920. Alfoërs, 905. Angolese, 380. Balonda,
369. Banyai, 361. Bechuanas, 286. Bornuese, 621. Camina, 504-506.
Dory, 914. Fijians, 934. Fuegians, 1171. Indians, N. A., 1275.
Kingsmill Islanders, 1040. Krumen, 546. Makololo, 331. Manganja, 355.
Mapuchés, 1194. Mpongwé, 524. Ovambo, 321. Shekiani, 521. Shillooks,
473. Tasmanians, 754. Tongans, 981. Wanyoro, 422.
GOZA’S
Portrait, 35. Young Warriors, 35. And his Wives, 75.
Grapple plant, 214.
Griquas, Africa, 274.
Guiana, So. America, 1221.
Guinea, New, Africa, 898.
H.
HAIR-DRESSING, mode of among
Abyssinians, 642-648. Ahts, 1355. Australians, 705. Balonda, 370.
Batoka, 348. Bornuese, 620. Brumer’s Islanders, 907. Chinese 1426.
Egbas, 590. Esquimaux, 1335. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 922, 925. Fuegians,
1162. Gallas, 671. Gani, queue, 430. Hovas, 690. Indians, Gran Chaco,
1212. Indians, N. A., 1273, 1274. Ishogos, 475. Japanese, 1450-1453.
Khonds, 1389. Krumen, 545. Mandans, 1274, 1275. Mapuchés, 1191.
Musguese, 639. Niuans, 1055. Nubians, 674. Papuans, 898. Samoans,
1014. Sandwich Islanders, 1085. Siamese, 1468. Soumaulis, 672.
Sowrahs, 1386. Tahitans, 1059. Zealanders, New, 814.
Hamoa, Navigator’s Island, 1008.
Hamran Arabs, Africa, 675.
Haraforas, New Guinea, 905.
Hara-kiri, Japan, 1461.
Harem of Kaffir, 76.
Hassaniyehs, Africa, 686.
HEAD-DRESSES of
Ahts, 1365. Fijians, waterproof, 926. Guianans, feather, 1255.
Indians, N. A., 1276. Ishogos, 475. Kaffir, 41. Mapuchés, 1191.
Marquesans, 1048. Samoans, 1013.
Head hunting, Dyaks, 1135.
Hebrides, New, Polynesia, 971.
Hervey Islands, Polynesia, 1032.
Hindoo’s, India, 1395.
HONESTY of the
Apono, 484. Ashira, 497. Australians, 695, 696. Barea, 668. Bayeye,
337. Bechuanas, 284, 285. Caledonians, New, 886. Esquimaux, 1351.
Indians, East, 1399, 1400. Krumen, 546. Latookas, 459. Makoba,
339. Makololo, 326. Outanatas, 902. Ovambos, 315. Samoans, 1008.
Shillooks, 473. Society Islanders, 1065. Tuaricks, 634.
Hopo, the elephant trap, 895.
HORSES of
Indians, N. A., 1296, 1297.
HORSEMANSHIP of
Araucanians, 1196. Camanchees, 1289, 1290. Crows, 1274. Hamran
Arabs, 676. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1212. Indians, North America, 1325.
Japanese, 1454, 1455. Patagonians, 1174.
HOSPITALITY of
Abyssinians, 655. Ajitas, 920. Apingi, 490. Batoka, 353. Esquimaux,
1351. Fuegians, 1171. Gani, 429. Ishogos, 480. Jakuts, 1379. Kaffir,
16. Makololo, 326. Manganja, 355. Maories, 827. Samoans, 1008. Shoas,
667. Shooas, 629. Tahitans, 1060. Tchuktchi, 1378. Wazaramo, 406.
Zealand, New, 826.
Hottentots, Africa, 217.
Hovas, Africa, 690.
Huili-chés, South America, 1190.
HUNTING among
Ahts, deer, 1355. Araucanians, 1198. Ashira, 502. Australians,
717-725. Badema, with nets, 367. Batoka, 353. Banyai, hippopotamus
and elephant, 362-365. Bayeye, 338. Bosjesmans, ostrich, 252-253.
Camma, 509. Dahomans, 571. Dinkas, 470. Dor, 444-446. Dyaks,
1131-1133. Esquimaux, seal, deer, fox, wolf, bear, 1338-1344. Fans,
elephant, gorilla, 533-542. Ghoorkas, 1396. Guianans, 1223-1270.
Hamran Arabs, elephant, lion, hippopotamus, buffalo, 675-677.
Hottentots, 231. Indians, North America, buffalo, 1293-1296. Indians,
Asia, elephant, deer, 1418. Kaffir, antelope, giraffe, elephant,
rhinoceros, lion, buffalo, 126-138. Kanemboos, 627. Makoba, 341.
Neam-Nam, elephant, 443. Ostiaks, 1384. Patagonians, 1178-1182.
Samoans, 1029. Samoïedes, 1383. Shooas, buffalo, elephant, 628.
Tasmanians, 753. Tungusi, 1379.
I.
Illinoans, Borneo, 1112.
India, Asia, 1395.
Indians, Gran Chaco, 1211.
Indians, North American, 1273.
INDUSTRY of
Bubes, 610. Congoese, 616. Dyaks, 1118. Fanti, 548. Guianans, 1222.
Manganja, 355. Ostiaks, 1384. Ovambo, 319. Watusi, 409. Zealanders,
New, 826.
Ingeletes, Alaska, N. A., 1374.
Ireland, New, Australasia, 969.
Ishogos, Africa, 475.
Isi-baya, of Kaffir, 66.
Isle of Pines Men, 887.
Issikoko, or head ring, Kaffir, 41.
J.
Japanese, Japan, 1449.
Jakuts, Siberia, Asia, 1379.
Jukahiri, Siberia, Asia, 1377.
K.
KAFFIR, AFRICA, 11.
Chivalry of, 42. Picturesque aspect of, 42. Perfume of, 42.
Gallantry, 55. Ostentation, 59. Harem, inmates, etc., 62. Dread of
death, 76. Law of inheritance, 78. Courtship, 79. Names, mode of
choosing, 88, 89. Boaster, fate of, 89. Love of Justice, 149. Love of
honey, 154. Fondness for tobacco, 166. Torture for bewitching, 185.
Sleeping accommodations, 206.
Kanemboos, Africa, 627.
Karague, 399.
KATCHIBA,
Chief of Obbo, 434. His family, 435. His character, 435. His palace,
435. Treatment of guests, 435.
Katema, the Balonda Chief, 376.
Kaveaks, Siberia, 1375.
Kingsmill Islanders, Polynesia, 1038.
Knob kerry of Kaffir, 106.
Kona’s Illness and its results, 185.
Kora, Africa, 269.
Korannas, Africa, 269.
Koraquas, Africa, 269.
Kraal of Kaffir, 54.
Krumen, Africa, 544.
Kytch, Africa, 436.
L.
LANGUAGE of
Ajitas, 921. Bosjesmans, “clicks,” 242. Fijians, court, 939.
Fuegians, 1171. Hottentots, “clicks,” 234. Ingeletes, 1375. Kaveaks,
1375. Malemutes, 1375. Mandingoes, 607. New Zealand, sacred, 857.
Siamese, 1471.
Lanterns, Chinese, 1430.
Lasso, Araucanians, 1197.
Lasso, North Am. Indians, 1296.
Latookas, Africa, 453.
LAWS, code of among
Abyssinians, 653. Alfoërs, 906. Australians, 747. In Britain, New,
969. Fiji, 935. Ireland, New, 969. Karague, 405. Makololo, 331.
Niuans, 1056. Samoans, 1016-1024. Siamese, 1471. Waganda, 410.
Zealanders, New, 798.
LEGENDS of
Apono, 488. Areois, 1080. Balonda, 379. Bubes, 610. Chinese, 1429.
Fanti, 549. Fijians, 934. Guianans, 1264-1267. Indians, N. A., 1313.
Kaffirs, 141, 169. Mandans, 1301. Maories, 858. Namaquas, 276. New
Zealanders, 829. Niuans, 1052. Society Islanders, 1065.
LIFE, human, value of, among
Bechuanas, 285. Dahomans, 567, 579. Fans, 539. Tenacity of among
Hottentots, 240. Waganda, 413.
Lloyd’s account of Australians, 789.
M.
Macoushies, Guiana, S. A., 1221.
Madagascar, Africa, 690.
Madi, Africa, 430.
Mah-to-toh-pa, exploits of, 1286, 1287.
Makoba, Africa, 339.
Makololo, Africa, 324.
Malagasy, Africa, 690.
Malays, Malaisia, 920.
Malemutes, Alaska, N. A., 1374.
Malicolo, New Hebrides, 975.
Mandans, N. America, 1301.
Mandingoes, Africa, 607.
Manenko in command, Balondo, 375.
Manganjas, Africa, 355.
Mantatees, Africa, 286.
Mantchu Tartars, Tartary, 1422.
MANUFACTURES, skill in among
Ahts, 1355. Apingi, 489. Araucanians, 1205. Arawaks, 1233-1235.
Australians, 726. Banyai, 366, 367. Bechuanas, 280-283. Djour, 451.
Dyaks, 1151-1156. Esquimaux, 1349. Fans, 532. Fijians, 929-931.
Guinea, New, 914. Hervey Islanders, 1033. Hottentots, 226, 228.
Kaffirs, 45-47, 95-99, 148-154, 206-212. Latookas, 455. Macoushies,
1221. Maories, 880. Mpongwé, 528. Samoans, 1015. Shir, 462. Swiss
Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tongans, 977.
Maories, New Zealand, 824.
Mapuchés, So. America, 1190.
Mara-chés, So. America, 1190.
Marksmen of Arawaks, 1235.
Marquesas Islands, 1044.
MARRIAGE among
Abyssinians, 658. Ajitas, 921. Alfoërs, 906. Andamaners, 888, 892.
Angolese, 382. Apingi, 489. Araucanians, abduction of bride, 1199,
1200. Arawaks, 1247. Australians, 755. Banyai, 362. Bornuese, 626.
Bosjesmans, 244. Bubés, 613. Dahomans, 586. Damaras, 313. Dory,
917. Dyaks, 1137-1141. Esquimaux, 1349. Fans, 536. Fijians, 955.
The Fijian bride, 956. Among Ghoorkas, carrying off bride, 1394.
Hassaniyeh, 686. Hottentots, 233. Indians, N. A., 1316. Ingeletes,
1375. Kaffirs, bridegroom on approval, 77-87. In Karague, 402.
Among Krumen, earning wives, 546, 547. Kytch, 439. Makololo, 328.
Mandingoes, 608. Namaquas, 277. Obongos, 482. Ostiaks, 1385. Ovambos,
322. Patagonians, 1183. Samoans, 1031. Samoïedes, 1383. Sowrahs,
1386. Tungusi, 1380. Waganda, 413, 414. Zealanders, New, 818.
Marshall Islanders, 1100.
Mbondemo, Africa, 521.
Mbicho, Africa, 521.
Mbousha, Africa, 521.
Medicine, see Treatment of Sick.
Medicine bag, N. A. Indians, 1308.
MEDICINE MEN, of
Ahts, 1371. N. A. Indians, 1307-1309. Kaffirs, 17.
Mendana Islands, 1044.
Mexico, North America, 1271.
Minatarees, North America, 1274.
Mincopie girls, 895.
Mincopies, Andaman Islands, 889.
Mirage, notions of Hassaniyeh, 688.
Mirror Ink of Hassaniyeh, 689.
Mnande’s burial, 202.
Moheenda, Africa, 399.
Mongolians, Asia, 1422.
Monkey Men, New Guinea, 900.
MOURNING among
Abyssinians, 659. Australians, 772. Australians, widow’s cap, 777.
Bakalai, “keen,” 495. Camma, 520. Damaras, 314. Dyaks, 1160.
Esquimaux, 1351. Fijians, 967. Flat-heads, mourning cradle, 1320.
Indians, N. A., 1329. Mpongwé, 524. New Zealand, tangi, 869.
Mpongwé, Africa, 524.
Muchlahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
Mumbo Jumbo, of Bonny, 603.
Mundurucús, S. America, 1215.
Musguese, Africa, 639.
MUSIC of
Balonda, 375. Bosjesman, 263-265. Chinese, 1446. Damaras, 313.
Kaffirs, 208. Korannas, 273.
MUSICAL Instruments of
Abyssinians, 660. Balonda, 375. Batoka, 353. Bechuanas, 297.
Bosjesmans, goura, guitar, drum, 264-265. Camma, 509. Chinese,
1445. Dor, 448. Dory, 917. Esquimaux, 1351. Fans, 540. Guianans,
1264. Indians, N. A., 1330. Kaffirs, 55, 208-211. In Karague, 405.
Among Latookas, 459-460. Madi, 433. Malagasy, 693. Shillooks, 474.
Tahitans, 1062. Zealanders, New, 822.
N.
Namaquas, Africa, 274.
NAMES among
Araucanians, exchanging of, 1209. Bosjesmans, 244. Kaffirs, mode of
choosing, 88, praise and birth, 89. Krumen, 546. Maganjas, changing,
360. New Zealanders, signification of, and changing, 817.
Neam-Nam, Africa, 440.
Necklace, talismanic, Kaffir, 199.
Negritos, Philippine Islands, 920.
New Britain, Australasia, 969.
New Caledonia, Australasia, 883.
New Guinea, Africa, 898.
New Hebrides, Polynesia, 971.
New Ireland, Australasia, 969.
New Zealand, Australasia, 792.
Nga-te-kahuhuna, New Zealand, 796.
Nicobarians, Nicobar Islands, 896.
Niué, Polynesia, 1052.
North American Indians, 1273.
Nubia, Africa, 673.
Nuehr tribe, Africa, 468.
O.
Obbo, Africa, 434.
Obongos, Africa, 482.
Oerlams, Africa, 274.
Ohyahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
Ojibbeways, North America, 1329.
Omens, see Superstitions.
ORDEALS of the
Angolese, 382. Ashira, the ring, 502. Batoka, 353. Bechuanas, boys,
292, for girls, 295. Camma, drinking m’boundou, 515. Caribs, 1240.
Conguese, drinking poison, 615. Dacotahs, medicine men, 1307. Dyaks,
diving, 1159, boiling water, 1159, salt, 1159, snails, 1159. Mandans,
on reaching manhood, 1301, suspension, 1303, last race, 1304.
Mundurucús, of gloves, 1216.
Order of the Scar, Bechuanas, 289.
ORNAMENTS of
Abyssinians, 646, 647. Admiralty Islanders, 970. Ahts, lip,
1355. Araucanians, 1197. Ashango, 481. Ashanti, 555. Australians,
dibbi-dibbi nose-bone, turtle scar, 703, 704. Balonda, 373. Bayeye,
339. Bechuanas, 284. Bedouins, 683. Bornabi, 1103. Bosjesmans, 249.
Caledonians, New, 883. Co-yukons, nose, 1375. Damaras, 306. Dinkas,
470. Djibba, scalp-lock, 467. Djour, 451. Dor, lip, 447. Dyaks,
earrings, etc., 1111-1117. Egbas, 591. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 926.
Fuegians, 1165. Gani, 430. Ghoorkas, 1399. Hebrides, New, 972. Hervey
Islanders, 1033. Hottentots, 225. Indians, N. A., wampum, 1280, 1329.
Isle of Pines Men, 887. Japanese, hair-pins, 1453. Kaffirs, 33-55,
198. Kanemboos, 627. Kaveak, 1374. Khonds, 1389. Latookas, lips, 453,
454. Madi, 433. Makololo, 327. Malemutes, to-took, 1374. Manganjas,
356. Mapuchés, breast-pin, 1191. Marquesans, 1048. Mpongwé, 524.
Musguese, lip, 639. Namaquas, 275. Neam-Nam, 442. Nubians, 674.
Nuehr, 468. Obbo, 434. Outanatas, 901. Ovambos, 316. Pelew Islanders,
bone bracelet, 1104. Romanzoff Islanders, 1100. Sandwich Islanders,
1082. Shillooks, 472. Shir, 462. Solomon Islanders, 969. Sowrahs,
necklaces, 1386. Swiss Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tongans, whales’ teeth,
978. Tungusi, 1379. Vaté Islanders, 972. Wagogo, 385. Wanyamuezi,
“sambo” rings, 386. Watusi, 409. Wazaramo, 406. Zealanders, New, 813,
814.
Ostiaks, Siberia, Asia, 1384.
Otaheitans, Society Islands, 1058.
Outanatas, New Guinea, 900.
Ovaherero, Africa, 315.
Ovambos, Africa, 315.
Ovampos, Africa, 315.
Ovaquangari, Africa, 320.
Ovat-jumba, Africa, 305.
Oyos, Africa, 566.
Ox of the girl, Kaffirs, 86.
Ox of the surplus, Kaffirs, 86.
P.
PAIN, indifference to of the
Bosjesmans, 250. Damaras, 306. Guianans, 1254.
Panda, song in honor of, 89.
Papuans, New Guinea, 898.
Pasuen, Africa, 529.
Patagonians, South America, 1172.
Patagonians, life among, 1184.
Pehuen-chés, So. America, 1190.
Pelele, or lip ring, Manganjas, 359.
Pelew Islands, 1104.
PENALTIES or PUNISHMENTS among
Caribs, 1241. Chinese, cangue, 1436, finger-squeezing, 1436,
beating with bamboo, 1436, strangulation, 1439, crucifixion, 1439,
decapitation, 1440, cutting into pieces, 1440, sawn asunder, 1440.
Japanese, crucifixion, 1461, hara-kiri, 1461. Patagonians, 1186.
Niuans, 1056. Samoans, beating in sacks, 1023. Siamese, 1471.
PIPES of
Australians, 701. Bosjesmans, 244. Chinese, 1442. Co-yukons, 1377.
Crees, calumet, 1313. Japanese, 1462. Kaffirs, 163-166. Malemutes,
1370. See Smoking.
POISON
upon arrows of Ajitas, 920. Araucanians, 1229-1236. Bosjesmans, 260.
Mundurucús, 1234. In wells, Bosjesmans, 261. Drank by Mr. Moffat,
261, grub, the N’gwa, 258, hyarri, Mundurucús, 1234, upas, Dyaks,
1120, wourali, 1228.
Poison grub, the N’gwa, 258. Wourali, 1228.
POLITENESS of
Batokas, 350. Bedouins, 683. In Karague, 399. Of Tchuktchi, 1378.
Watusi, 409.
POLYGAMY among
Australians, 755. Bornuese, 626. Egbas, 593. Fijians, 935. Guianans,
1246, 1247. Hottentots, 233. Ingeletes, 1375. Kaffirs, 75, 76.
Makololo, 328. Niuans, 1056. Shillooks, 473. Tchuktchi, 1378.
Ponda, Africa, 12.
Porcelain, Japanese, 1465.
Pritchard’s adventure with wild boar, 1029.
Prophetess, Kaffir, 189.
PROPHETS, among
Kaffirs, 175-180, 186-189, 195. Preparation of, 176. Consultation of,
180. Curing sickness, Bechuanas, 292. False, 190.
R.
RACES, causes of, and reflections upon decay and extinction of
Australians, 790, 791. Esquimaux, 1353. New Zealanders, 880. N. Am.
Indians, 1331, 1332.
RAIN-MAKING among
Kaffirs, 126, 192-194. Namaquas, 277.
Rangitani, New Zealand, 796.
RANK, distinction of among
Bosjesmans, 244. Japanese, 1459. Pelew Islanders, 1104. Tahitans,
1061.
RELIGION of
Abyssinians, 660-664. Ahts, 1370. Ajitas, 921. Angolese, 332.
Apingi, 490. Apono, 488. Araucanians, 1209. Ashangos, 481. Ashanti,
559. Ashira, 501. Australians, 778. Bakalai, 494. Balonda, 379.
Banyai, 367. Batokas, 353. Bechaunas, 291. Bedouins, 685. Britain,
New, 970. Bornuese, 625. Cammas, 510. Congoese, 615. Dahomans, 562,
586. Damaras, 314. Dyaks, 1110, 1157. Egbas, 594. Esquimaux, 1349.
Fans, 539. Fanti, 550. Fijians, 960-964. Fuegians, 1171. Guianans,
1263. Hervey Islanders, 1037. Hottentots, 234. Indians, East, 1407.
Indians, N. A., 1301, 1313. Ireland, New, 970. Kaffirs, 169-171.
Krumen, 547. Malagasy, 693. Mandingoes, 607. Manganjas, 360. Maories,
856-858. Namaquas, 276. Ovambos, 322. Patagonians, 1186. Pelew
Islanders, 1108. Samoïedes, 1381. Sandwich Islanders, 1096. Siamese,
1471. Society Islanders, 1064-1071. Tongans, 1004. Tungusi, 1380.
Waganda, 420. Wanyamuezi, 395. Wanyoro, 427. Wazaramo, 406.
Rewards, honorary, Chinese, 1441.
Riccarees, N. America, 1319.
Rob Roy, a Kaffir, 69.
Romanzoff Island, 1100.
S.
SACRIFICES among
Araucanians, 1209. Ashanti, instruments of, 559. Co-yukons, 1376.
Dahomans, 578-582. In India, suttee, 1407-1410, sacred noose, 1411,
juggernaut, 1411, drowning in Ganges, 1413, beasts substituted for
human, 1413. Indians, N. A., 1309, 1314. Kaffirs, animal, 171, 172.
Khonds, “meriah,” 1389-1392. Samoïedes, 1382. Society Islanders,
1074. Sowrahs, 1389. Tahitans, 1075. Tongans, 997-1001. Waganda, 420.
Sacs, N. America, 1323.
SALUTATION, mode of, among
Ashira, 498. Balonda, 373. Brumer’s Islanders, 907. Egbas, 591.
Esquimaux, 1349. Gani, 429. Hassaniyeh, 686. In Karague, 399. Among
Makololo, 326. Manganjas, 356. Nuehr, 469. Ovambo, 322. Wanyamuezi,
389. Watusi, 409. Zealanders, New, 823.
Samoans, Polynesia, 1008.
Samoïedes, Siberia, 1381.
San Christoval, Solomon Islands, 970.
Sandal wood, Aneiteum, 975.
Sandwich Islands, 1081.
Saqua, Africa, 251.
Savage Island, 1052.
Scalping, mode of, 1285, 1286.
Sea Dyaks, Borneo, 1110.
Sechuanas, Africa, 280.
Senecas, N. America, 1288.
Shekiani, Africa, 521.
Shields of Kaffirs, 108.
Shillooks, Africa, 472.
Shir, Africa, 461.
Shoas, Africa, 667.
Shooas, Africa, 628.
Siam, Asia, 1467.
SICK, treatment of among
Angolese, 381. Araucanians, 1205. Ashira, 501. Australians, 769-771.
Damaras, 205. Hottentots, 233-240. Kaffirs, 183, 184, 190. Korannas,
274. Makoba, 347. Makololo, 336. Maories, 862. Mundurucús, 1219.
Namaquas, 277. Patagonians, 1184. Tongans, 997. Tuaricks, 634.
Sickness, theory of, Angolese, 382.
Silks of Japanese, 1466.
Singing, see Amusements.
Sioux, N. America, 1274.
SLAVERY among
Ashira, 501. Dory, 914. Gallas, 671. Malagasy, 693. Musguese, 639.
Zealanders, New, 797.
Sledges, of Esquimaux, 1345.
Sleep, power of, Hottentot, 233.
SMOKING among
Ahts, 1370. Ashira, 501. Australians, 701. Batokas, 350. Bayeye,
hemp, 339. Bosjesmans, 244, 262. Chinese, opium, 1441. Crees,
calumet, 1313. Damaras, hemp or dagha, 165. Dor, “bark quids,” 452.
Djours, 452. Indians, N. A., 1313. Japanese, 1462. Kaffirs, 163-166.
Makololo, 336. Mundurucús, “enchanted” cigars, 1219. Patagonians,
1183. Tchutkchi, 1377. Wanyamuezi, 393.
“Smoking horses,” Indians, 1290.
Snake Worship, Dahomans, 565.
Snake cooking and eating, Australians, 717.
Snake charming, India, 1416.
Snow-shoes of N. A. Indians, 1294, 1295.
Snuff boxes, Kaffir, 161.
Snuff taking, Kaffir, 159.
Society Islands, 1057.
Solomon Islands, 968.
SONGS,
Esquimaux, amna-aya, 1349. Kaffir, war, 90, 147, 208. Makanna’s
gathering, 197. New Zealand, canoe, 853. New Zealand, tattoo, 802.
See Amusements.
Soumaulis, Abyssinia, 671.
Sowrahs, India, 1385.
STRENGTH of
Dyaks, 1115. Esquimaux, 1334. Fuegians, 1166. Waraus, 1261.
SUCCESSION, law of, among
Angolese, 380. Arawaks, 1247. Ashanti, 556. Fijians, 935. Indians, N.
A., 1275. In Karague, 400. Among Ovambos, 322. Waganda, 416.
SUPERSTITION among
Ahts, 1372. Angolese, 382. Apingi, 490. Arabs, 687-689. Araucanians,
1205. Ashangos, 481. Ashira, 502. Australians, 745, 778-783. Bakalai,
493. Banyai, 366. Bedouins, 685. Bonny, 604. Camma, 510-515. Caribs,
1241. Damaras, 314. Dyaks, 1131, 1157-1159. Egbas, 594. Esquimaux,
1350. Fans, 539. Fanti, 550. Fijians, 960-965. Guianans, 1264.
Kaffirs, 88, 172, 190, 191. Makoba, 346. Malagasy, 693. Mandingoes,
609. Maories, 856-858, 864. Pelew Islanders, 1108. Samoïedes, 1383.
Shekiani, 523. Society Islanders, 1079, 1080. Tahitans, 1058.
Tongans, 1007. Waganda, 419. Wanyamuezi, 395. Wanyoro, 427. Wazaramo,
406.
Swazi, Africa, 12.
SWIMMING among
Alfoërs, 911. Bosjesmans, 255. Indians, North America, 1330.
Marquesans, 1051. Sandwich Islanders, 1086, 1087, 1092. Tongans, 1006.
Swiss Lake-dwellers, 1473.
T.
Taboo of Banyai, 367.
Taboo, see Tapu.
Tahitans, Society Islands, 1058.
Tanna Island, New Hebrides, 972.
Taranakis, New Zealand, 850.
Tapu of Maories, 863-868.
Tartars, Mantchu, Asia, 1422.
Tasmanians, Van Dieman’s Land, 753.
TATTOOING among
Abyssinians, 648. Apingi, 489. Arawaks, 1222. Australians, 704.
Bedouins, 683. Bornabi, 1103. Bornuese, 620. Brumer’s Islanders,
907. Dahomans, 589 Dyaks, 1111, 1117. Egbas, 591. Esquimaux, 1334.
Fans, 530. Fijians, 926. In Guinea, New, 911. Among Japanese,
1450. Kingsmill Islanders, 1038. Manganjas, 359. Marquesans, 1044.
Mundurucús, 1215. Niuans, 1055. Pelew Islanders, 1104. Romanzoff
Islanders, 1100. Samoans, 1010-1013. Sandwich Islanders, 1085.
Soumaulis, 672. Tahitans, 1059. Wanyamuezi, 389. Watusi, 409.
Zealanders, New, 800, 806.
Tchaka, suspected of death of mother, 124.
Tchaka’s vision, Kaffir chief, 170.
Tchaka at funeral of mother, 202.
Tchuktchi, Siberia, 1377.
Tea of Chinese, 1432.
Tea houses, Japanese, 1464.
Te Ohie, a native priest, 857.
Theatres of Japanese, 1463.
Thieves of Ghoorkas, 1399, 1400.
Thugs of India, 1410.
Tibboos, Africa, 630.
Tigre, Africa, 667.
Tikis, New Zealand, 861.
TOBACCO among
Kaffirs, 159-162, 166. Mundurucús, snuff, paricu, 1220. New
Zealanders, 850.
Tools, see Manufactures.
Tongans, Polynesia, 976.
Toquahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
TORTURE, modes of among
Chinese, 1436. Hindoos, 1414. N. A. Indians, 1288.
TRAINING by East Indians of
Antelopes, 1420, elephants, 1418, falcons, 1416, stags, 1420.
TRANSMIGRATION, belief in by
Australians, 780. Makoba, 346. Shekiani, 523.
TRAVELLING, mode of,
Japan, 1455-1456.
TREES of
Africa, thorns, 213, grapple plant, 214, wait-a-bit, hook and prick,
and monkey ropes, 215. Aneiteum, sandal wood, 975. Australia, grass,
726. Borneo, nipa palm, 1150, Upas, Borneo, 1120. Guiana, ita palm,
1268. Hova, travellers, 693. Tierra del Fuego, Antarctic beech, 1167.
Tuaricks, Africa, 634.
Tungusi, Siberia, Asia, 1379.
U.
Uzaramo, Africa, 406.
Uzinto, adventures of, 80.
V.
Vancouver’s Island, N. A., 1354.
Vaté, New Hebrides, 972.
W.
Waganda, Africa, 410.
Wagogo, Africa, 384.
Wahuma, Africa, 399.
Waikatos, New Zealand, 850.
Wanganja, Africa, 355.
Wanyambo, Africa, 399.
Wanyamuezi, Africa, 386.
Wanyoro, Africa, 422.
War, see sacrifice, Songs, Warfare.
Waraus, Guiana, S. A., 1222.
WARFARE among
Araucanians, 1199. Ashangos, 480. Australians, 744, 745. Balonda,
378. Barea, 671. Bari, 462. Batoka, 354. Bechuanas, 289. Bedouins,
681, 684. Begharmis, 635. Bornuese, 622. Bosjesmans, 254.
Caledonians, New, 885. Camma, 506. Caribs, 1239, 1242. Chinese, 1433.
Congoese, 615. Dahomans, 567. Dinkas, 469. Djibbas, 467. Dor, 445.
Dory, 914. Dyaks, 1119, 1131-1135. Egbas, 593. Fans, 531. Fijians,
952, 953. Fuegians, 1165. Gallas, 671. Ghoorkas, 1396. Hervey
Islanders, 1034. Hottentots, 239. Illinoans, 1112. Indians, Gran
Chaco, 1213. Indians, N. A., 1281. Kaffirs, 19, 92, 113-125, 196-198.
Kingsmill Islanders, 1039. Latookas, 455, 456. Mantchu Tartars,
1422, 1423. Maories, 838, 846-850. Marquesans, 1050. Musguese,
640. Neam-Nam, 443. Nubians, 674. Pelew Islanders, 1107. Samoans,
1016-1020. Sandwich Islanders, 1091. Society Islanders, 1073.
Soumaulis, 671. Tibboos, 633. Tongans, 984, 985. Waganda, 414, 415.
Wagogo, 385. Wazaramo, 406. See Dances.
Waterton’s story of Arawaks, 1230.
Wasagara, Africa, 407.
Watusi, Africa, 408.
Watuta tribes, Africa, 402.
Wazaramo, Africa, 406.
WEAPONS of
Abyssinians, 646-647. Ahts, 1355. Ajitas, 920. Andamaners, 889.
Apono, 487. Araucanians, bolas, 1197. Ashangos, 480. Ashanti,
556. Australians, throw stick, kangaroo rat, boomerang, 719-724,
728-743. Balonda, 378. Banyai, axe, 366. Bari, 464. Bechuanas, 289.
Bedouins, 681. Begharmis, 635. Bornuese, 623. Bosjesmans, 257, 261.
Bouka, 971. Britain, New, 970. Caledonians, New, 884. Chinese,
jingall, cross-bow, 1433-1436. Congoese, 615. Dahomans, 561, 571.
Damaras, 312. Dinkas, 469. Djibbas, 464. Dor, 444. Dyaks, sumpitan,
or blowgun, parang-ihlang, kris, 1119-1131. Esquimaux, harpoon,
1339. Fans, 531. Fijians, 948-952. Fuegians, 1165. Ghoorkas,
kookery, 1395. Guianans, 1223-1236. Guinea, New, 913. Hamran Arabs,
675. Hebrides, New, 972. Hervey Islanders, 1034. Hottentots, 232.
Illinoans, 1112. Indians, East, 1400-1406. Indians, Gran Chaco,
armor, 1212. Indians, N. A., tomahawk, 1282. Ireland, New, 970.
Ishogos, 476. Japanese, sword, 1459. Kaffirs, 93, 94, 100-113.
Karague, 399. Khonds, axe, 1392. Kingsmill Islanders, 1039. Latookas,
453. Madi, 433. Mantchu Tartars, bows, 1423. Maories, 838-844.
Marquesans, 1050. Mincopies, bow, 890. Musguese, 639. Neam-Nam,
443. Nicobarians, 896. Niuans, 1055. Nubians, peculiar sword, 673.
Outanatas, 901. Ovambos, 319. Papuans, 900. Patagonians, bolas,
1174-1178. Pelew Islanders, 1107. Samoans, 1019. Sandwich Islands,
1088. Shekiani, 521. Shir, 461. Society Islanders, 1073. Soumaulis,
671. Sowrahs, 1386. Swiss Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tibboos, 633. Vaté,
972. Waraus, 1269.
Wedding, see Dances, Marriage.
Weezees, Africa, 386.
Western Islands, 1100.
WITCHCRAFT among
Araucanians, 1206. Ashanti, 560. Bakalai, 493. Camma, 515-520.
Caribs, 1241. Esquimaux, 1350. Fans, 539. Kaffirs, 184, 188. Maories,
861. Shekiani, 522. Waganda, 410. Wanyamuezi, 395.
WOMEN, condition of among
Angolese, 381. Ashira, 496. Australians, 695, 756. Banyai, 362.
Bonny, 603. Brumer’s Islanders, 908. Congoese, 616. Dahomans, 589.
Damaras, singular caps of married, 313. Dyaks, 1118. Fijians, 956.
Gani, 430. Guianans, 1246. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1214. Indians,
North America, 1319. Isle of Pines Men, 887. Kaffirs, 24-27, 90. In
Karague, 402. Among Latookas, 455. Makololo, 327. Musguese, 639.
Ostiaks, 1385. Patagonians, 1186. Samoans, 1014. Samoïedes, 1383.
Sandwich Islanders, 1082-1086. Shooas, 630. Tahitans, 1058. Tongans,
983. Waganda, 413. Wanyoro, 426. Wanyoro, fattening of, 426.
Z.
Zealanders, New, Australasia, 792.
Zingian Tribes, Africa, 12.
Zulus, Africa, 12.
Transcriber’s Notes
Unless listed under Changes below, the language used in this e-book
is that of the source document, including inconsistencies, archaic
and unusual spelling and hyphenation, pejorative and offensive terms,
etc. Non-English names, words and phrases in particular are not
always spelled correctly or consistently. Factual errors have not
been corrected.
The differences in wording between the Table of Contents and the
chapter headings in the text have not been standardised. The same
applies to the List of Illustrations and the illustration captions
in the text. The order of illustrations in the List of Illustrations
is not always the same as the order in which they are presented in
the book. What appear as major divisions in the Table of Contents are
part of the chapter titles in the text. The original work contains a
Table of Contents per Volume, the List of Illustrations in Volume I,
and the Index in Volume II; for ease of reference, all of these have
been included in both volumes.
The differences in structure and wording between the Table of
Contents and the chapter headings in the text have been retained.
Auto-generated Tables of Contents may therefore differ from the
original one. The same applies to the List of Illustrations and the
illustration captions in the text. The order of illustrations in the
List of Illustrations is not always the same as the order in which
they are presented in the book.
Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their
settings, not all elements may display as intended.
Page 814, ... shown at figs. 4 and 5, ...: there is no fig. 5 in the
illustration.
Page 839, ... lowly and laboriously ground into shape ...: possibly
an error for ... slowly and laboriously ground into shape ....
Page 840, ... fig. 1 of the illustration “Merais,” ... and similar
figure numbers: the illustration has no numbered figures.
Page 951, paragraph starting Fig. 3 is a club, ...: reference letters
a and b are not present in the illustration.
Page 966, Convulsion strongly on the part of the poor creature ...:
the source for this quote (Williams’s and Calvert’s book) reads:
Convulsive struggles on the part of the poor creature ....
Page 993, ... the right that has just been concluded ...: possibly an
error for ... the rite that has just been concluded ....
Page 1030, ... the annelid called the Palolo (Palolo viridis):
possibly an error for Palola viridis.
Page 1040, reference to figs. _a_ and _b_: the reference letters are
not present in the illustration.
Page 1050, bèche-demer: bêche-de-mer, sea cucumber.
Page 1131, If the reader will look at figure 2 ...: there are no
reference numbers in the illustration.
Page 1204, “There was much shouting and shuffling, ...: the closing
quote mark is lacking.
Page 1295: ... call the “bimikibison,” ... changed to ... called the
“bimikibison,” ....
Page 1355, ... some of which are shown in the illustrations on page
1357 ...: there is but a single bow in the illustrations.
Page 1369, ... stout posts about twelve feet in diameter ...: as
printed in the source document; possibly an error for twelve inches.
Page 1371, “Before the prodigy finally retires ...: the closing quote
mark is lacking.
Page 1401, ... but smaller in principle: possibly an error for ...
but similar in principle. The specimen which is shown in Fig. 1
of the illustration: there is no Fig. 1 in the illustration; the
description refers to the left hand bow.
Page 1402, Fig. 2 of the illustration: there is no Fig. 2 in the
illustration; the description refers to the right hand bow.
Page 1407: ... which has been subject to British dominion ... changed
to ... which have been subject to British dominion ....
Page 1475, ... except one is fortunate enough ...: as printed in the
source document.
Page 1508, “Several days elapsed ...: the closing quote mark is
lacking.
Page 1517, “Their powers of endurance ...: the closing quote mark is
lacking.
Page 1523, “The objects of worship are the nats ...: the closing
quote mark is lacking.
Changes
Illustrations amd (foot)notes have been moved out of text paragraphs.
Index, illustration captions, table of contents, list of
illustrations and lists of subjects per chapter: some entries have
been corrected slightly to conform to the spelling in the main text.
Some minor obvious formatting, typographical and punctuation errors
and misprints have been corrected silently. Some superfluous repeated
words have been deleted.
Indented text under illustrations has been transcribed from the
illustration for the sake of legibility, and does not occur as text
in the source document.
McGillivray, M’Gillivray and M‘Gillivray have been standardised to
M’Gillivray; guacho and gaucho to gaucho
Page 828: E Toki changed to E’ Toki.
Page 838: Chapter title NEW ZEALAND--_Continued._ inserted.
Page 870: ... at the pah of Hurewenua ... changed to ... at the pah
of Huriwenua ...
Page 881: Number (3.) inserted.
Page 932: ... refer to illustration No. 1, on the 924th page ...
changed to ... refer to illustration No. 2, on the 924th page ....
Page 949: Number (3.) inserted.
Page 1055: closing double quote mark inserted after ... a loud and
hideous howl.
Page 1082: Gualtheria changed to Gaultheria.
Page 1129: (4.) BORNESE SHIELD changed to (2.) BORNESE SHIELD as
referred to in text.
Page 1160: opening double quote marks inserted before Unfortunate
moment!
Page 1193: closing double quote marks inserted after Hué!
Page 1204: closing double quote mark inserted after their ... own
national game of Pelican.
Page 1255: WEATHER HEADDRESSES changed to FEATHER HEADDRESSES.
Page 1264: maraka changed to marakka as elsewhere.
Page 1333: Chapter heading CHAPTER CXL. inserted.
Page 1377: closing double quote mark inserted after ... over the
naked tundras.
Page 1391: closing single quote mark inserted after ... we shall
perform your obsequies.
Page 1402: ... Fig. 2 of illustration 0, on page 000 ... changed to
... Fig. 2 of the illustration, on page 1394.
Page 1459: ... a heavy, two-handled weapon ... changed to ... a
heavy, two-handed weapon ....
Page 1513: closing double quote mark inserted after ... as the
masters or we could bear.
Page 1518: closing double quote mark inserted after ... the 200,000
residents of Zanzibar.