[411] Paxson, "Independence of South American Republics," pp. 17-18.
[412] Foster, "A Century of American Diplomacy," p. 154.
[413] Reddaway, "The Monroe Doctrine," p. 15.
[414] Robinson and Beard, "The Development of Modern Europe," Vol. 2,
p. 22.
[415] _Ibid._, p. 27.
[416] Leger, "Haiti, Her History and Distractors," p. 22.
[417] Madiou (fils) describes the mutual cruelties of the French and
natives. "l'Histoire d'Haiti."
[418] Leger, "Haiti," p. 125.
[419] In this struggle 50,000 Frenchmen were lost. Gastonnet des
Fosses. "La Perte d'une Colonie," p. 34.
[420] Bird, "The Black Man or Haytian Independence (1869)," p. 60.
[421] Christophe assumed the title of king of Haiti in 1811.
[422] Leger, "Haiti," p. 168.
[423] During the presidency of Boyer (1818-1848) several invitations
were sent to the free colored people of the United States to migrate
to Haiti. Agents were sent and plans to cooperate with colonization
groups in America were encouraged. The constitution of 1843 abolished
the presidency for life, which was held by Boyer, and instituted a
service for four years. The Republic is still governed by the
stipulations of this constitution. Leger, p. 179.
[424] Seger, Haiti, p. 179.
America was subjected to these taxes as shown by: "While the citizens
of France are scarcely affected in their importations to Haiti, the
Americans here import and our merchants at home export scarcely any
article that is free."--"Commercial Relations," Vol. 1, p. 560.
[425] Annals of Congress, 15th Congress, 2d Session, p. 113. This
resolution was agreed to and the Committee was appointed.
[426] Annals of Congress, 17th Congress, 2d Session, p. 477. Agreed to
without debate.
[427] Report of Register, Treasury Department, _Gale and Seaton's
Register of Debates_, appendix, 18th Congress, 2d Session.
[428] Bassett, "History of United States," p. 383.
[429] _Official Gazette_ of Columbia, February, 1826. Quoted by Hayne,
19th Cong., 1st Session, _Gale and Seaton's Register_, p. 156.
[430] _Gale and Seaton's Register_, 19th Cong., 1st Session, p. 329.
General Bolivar, himself, was kindly disposed to Haiti, as disclosed
by the correspondence which passed between President Pétion and the
General, just previous to the revolution in Venezuela. 4,000
rifles, provisions and ammunition were given by Haiti to the
expedition.--"Expedition de Bolivar par le Senateur Marion aine," pp.
41-43, 1849.
[431] Cf. "Messages and Papers of the Presidents," Richardson,
1789-1897, Vol. 2, p. 320.
[432] _Gale and Seaton's Register_, 1825-1826, p. 330.
[433] _Gale and Seaton's Register_, 1825-1826, p. 166.
[434] _Congressional Globe_, 25th Congress, 2d Session, p. 457.
[435] _National Intelligencer_, December 19, 21, 1838.
[436] _Congressional Globe_, 25th Congress, 3d Session, p. 219.
[437] _Ibid._, p. 220.
[438] _Ibid._, p. 241, March 4, 1839.
[439] _Ibid._, 26th Congress, 1st Session, p. 164.
[440] Garrison and Garrison, "Life of Garrison," Vol. 2, p. 248.
_Liberator_, 9:3.
[441] _Congressional Globe_, 28th Congress, 1st Session, p. 504.
[442] Clark, "United States Intervention in Hayti (1852)," p. 4.
[443] _Ibid._, p. 21. In 1844, San Domingo seceded and became the
Dominican Republic. Frequent quarrels ensued between the two parts of
the Island. Therefore the reason for this suggestion for interference.
Cf. "San Domingo and the United States," John Bassett Moore, _Review
of Reviews_, March, 1905, p. 298.
[444] Clark, p. 30. _Congress. Globe_, 32d Cong., 1st Session, p.
1769.
[445] Clark, p. 28.
[446] Sir Spencer St. John, "Hayti or The Black Republic," p. 86.
[447] _Ibid._, p. 380.
[448] Leger, "Recueil des traités et Conventions de la Republique
d'Haiti," 23.
[449] _Congress. Globe_, 37th Congress, 2d Session, p. 1775. Speeches
of Chas. Sumner, published variously, Washington, April 23, 1862, p.
6. Cf. "Contre la Reconnoissance de la Republique Haitienne (1825)"
par M. Coustelin. La Norman père Librairie, Paris.
[450] Cf. Kennedy's "Colonization Report."
[451] McPherson, "History of Liberia," Johns Hopkins University
Studies, 9th Series, X, p. 34.
[452] _Ibid._, p. 39.
[453] _Ibid._, p. 38. "But the delicacy with which the dissension on
the slavery question made it necessary to handle every subject
remotely bearing on that bone of contention, prevented him (Roberts)
from obtaining even the formal recognition of Liberia."
[454] _Congress. Globe_, 37th Cong., 2d Session, p. 2500.
[455] "Treaties and Conventions concluded between the Republic of
Liberia and Foreign Powers, 1848-1892," pp. 9, 17, 23, 30, published
by the Department of State, Monrovia, Liberia.
[456] _Congress. Globe_, 37th Cong., 2d Session, p. 2501.
[457] This is quite evident from the fact that in 1860, out of 60
countries trading with the United States, Haiti stood 27th and Liberia
29th. (Statistical View of Commerce of United States, exhibiting the
value of exports to and imports from foreign countries, and the number
and tonnage of American and foreign vessels arriving from and
departing to each foreign country during the fiscal year ending June
30, 1860, Treasury Department, Register's Office, April 21, 1862.)
John L. Wilson, commercial agent at Cape Haytien, wrote, June 5, 1854:
"By a recognition of the Independence of Hayti, our commerce would be
likely to advance still more. Our citizens trading there would enjoy
more privileges, besides standing on a better footing. Many decided
advantages might be obtained through treaty and our own government
would exercise a wholesome influence over theirs, of which it stands
much in need."--"Commercial Relations," Vol. 4, p. 509.
Seth Webb, commercial agent at Port au Prince, wrote, December 12,
1861: "I must say with frankness to the Department, that I find my
position much embarrassed by the failure of our government to take any
steps toward acknowledging the nationality of Haiti, or entering into
the usual relations of country, which exist between neighboring
peoples."--To Hon. Wm. H. Seward, Sec. of State, U. S. Commercial
Agency, Port au Prince.
[458] April 18, 1850. Quoted in _N.Y. Tribune_, November 9, 1860.
[459] _Ibid._, November 9, 1860.
[460] "Messages and Papers of the Presidents," Vol. 4, p. 47.
[461] Garrison and Garrison-Garrison, Vol. 4, p. 33. Liberator, 31:
194.
[462] _African Repository_, February, 1862, p. 41.
"The Executive Committee of the American Colonization Society observe
with deep interest that the President of the United States has in his
late message recommended that the Republic of Liberia should be
acknowledged as independent. They also notice his recommendation of
some plan of colonization for free people of color in some clime
congenial to them."
[463] _Ibid._, May, 1862, p. 157.
[464] _Ibid._, April, 1862, p. 111.
[465] _Congress. Globe_, 37th Cong., 2d Session, February 4, 1862.
[466] _Congress. Globe_, 37th Cong., 2d Session, February 4, 1862.
[467] _Globe_, 37th Congress, 2d Session, p. 1806.
[468] _Ibid._, pp. 2501-2506.
[469] _Ibid._, p. 1807.
[470] Seth Webb to Seward, Sec. of State, December 12, 1861.
[471] La Republique d'Haiti et les Etats-Unis de l'Amérique, désirant
rendre durables et solides l'amitié et la bonne entente, qui règnent
heureusement entre les deux nations liberales, ont resolu de fixer
d'une manière claire, nette et positive les règles qui devront être, à
l'avenir, religieusement suivies entre l'une et l'autre, au moyen d'un
traité d'amitié, de commerce et de navigation, ainsi que d'extradition
de criminels fugitifs.--Leger, "Recueil des Traites," etc., p. 84.
[472] "Treaties and Conventions concluded between the Republic of
Liberia and Foreign Powers, 1848-1892."
[473] Grimké, "Chas. Sumner," p. 343.
[474] Chas. Sumner's Works, Vol. XIV, pp. 306-309, XV, pp. 270-272.
Memoirs and Letters of Chas. Sumner, E. L. Pierce, pp. 68-69.
[475] _The African Repository_, August, 1862, p. 255. This was passed
after thanking the Liberian Commissioners, who had addressed them.
[476] Resolution of the Senate: _Resolved_, that the independence of
Texas ought to be acknowledged by the United States whenever
satisfactory information shall be received that it has in successful
operation a civil government capable of performing the duties and
fulfilling the obligations of an independent power.--_Journal of the
Senate_, July 1, 1836.