A tree is defined here as a woody plant at least 12 feet high with a
single trunk 2 inches or more in diameter at breast height. A tree-like
plant is one with the general shape and size of a tree, but one which is
not woody or otherwise fails to meet the definition. The arrangement of
families is generally the same as that of Small’s _Manual of
Southeastern Flora_ (1933) and Long and Lakela’s _A Flora of Tropical
Florida_ (1971). Genera and species are listed alphabetically in each
family. Nomenclature follows Avery and Loope, _Plants of Everglades
National Park: A Preliminary Checklist of Vascular Plants_ (1983). In
the checklist, the introduced species are followed by a symbol, key
below, that describes the plants’ success in the Everglades. Native
plants list only their name.
We Well established. An exotic plant that has become widely
naturalized, with a large population.
Sl Slightly naturalized. An exotic plant that has a small foothold,
often found near a mature tree that acts as a seed source.
Pr Persistent. An exotic plant that goes on living for a long time
after it is planted, and that may appear to be native or
naturalized.
Sm Small, rarely tree-sized. A plant that may sometimes become a
tree, but that often does not meet the definition.
Cu Cultivated only. Known only as a cultivated species, but which is
retained on this list because either Small or Long and Lakela
treat it as native or naturalized.
PINE FAMILY: _PINACEAE_
South Florida Slash Pine _Pinus elliottii_ var. _densa_
BALD CYPRESS FAMILY: _TAXODIACEAE_
Pond cypress _Taxodium ascendens_
Bald cypress _Taxodium distichum_
PALM FAMILY: _ARECACEAE_
Paurotis palm _Acoelorraphe wrightii_
Silver palm _Coccothrinax argentata_
Coconut _Cocos nucifera_ Sl
Royal palm _Roystonea elata_
Cabbage palm _Sabal palmetto_
Saw palmetto _Serenoa repens_
Thatch palm _Thrinax radiata_
CENTURY PLANT FAMILY: _AGAVACEAE_
False sisal _Agave decipiens_
Sisal _Agave sisalana_ We
Spanish dagger _Yucca aloifolia_
BANANA FAMILY: _MUSACEAE_
Banana _Musaceae musa_ × _paradisiaca_
BEEFWOOD FAMILY: _CASUARINACEAE_
Australian-pine _Casuarina equisetifolia_ We
Suckering Australian-pine _Casuarina glauca_ Pr
WILLOW FAMILY: _SALIACACEAE_
Willow _Salix caroliniana_
BAYBERRY FAMILY: _MYRICACEAE_
Wax-myrtle _Myrica cerifera_
OAK FAMILY: _FAGACEAE_
Laurel oak _Quercus laurifolia_
Live oak _Quercus virginiana_
ELM FAMILY: _ULMACEAE_
Hackberry _Celtis laevigata_
West Indian trema _Trema lamarckianum_
Florida trema _Trema micranthum_
MULBERRY FAMILY: _MORACEAE_
Strangler fig _Ficus aurea_
Shortleaf fig _Ficus citrifolia_
Red mulberry _Morus rubra_
XIMENIA FAMILY: _OLACACEAE_
Graytwig _Schoepfia chrysophylloides_
Tallowwood _Ximenia americana_
BUCKWHEAT FAMILY: _POLYGONACEAE_
Pigeon plum _Coccoloba diversifolia_
Sea grape _Coccoloba uvifera_
FOUR-O-CLOCK FAMILY: _NYCTAGINACEAE_
Blolly _Guapira discolor_
Push-and-hold-back _Pisonia aculeata_
MAGNOLIA FAMILY: _MAGNOLIACEAE_
Sweet bay _Magnolia virginiana_
CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY: _ANNONACEAE_
Pond apple _Annona glabra_
LAUREL FAMILY: _LAURACEAE_
Lancewood _Nectandra coriacea_
Red-bay _Persea borbonia_
Avocado _Persea americana_ var. _americana_
CAPER FAMILY: _CAPPARACEAE_
Jamaica caper _Capparis cynophallophora_
Limber caper _Capparis flexuosa_ Sm
ROSE FAMILY: _ROSACEAE_
West Indian cherry _Prunus myrtifolia_
COCO-PLUM FAMILY: _CHRYSOBALANACEAE_
Coco-plum _Chrysobalanus icaco_
PEA FAMILY: _FABACEAE_
Sweet acacia _Acacia farnesiana_
_Acacia pinetorum_ Sm
Shy leaf _Aeschynomene americana_ var. _americana_
_Aeschynomene pratensis_ var. _pratensis_
Women’s tongue _Albizia lebbeck_ Sl
Orchid tree _Bauhinia purpurea_ Sl
_Cassia aspera_
Bahama senna _Cassia Chapmanii_
_Cassia deeringiana_
Golden shower _Cassia fistula_ Pr
_Cassia ligustrina_
Sickle-pod _Cassia obtusifolia_
_Dalbergia brownei_
Royal ponciana _Delonix regia_
Coral-bean _Erythrina herbacea_
Jumbie bean _Leucaena leucocephala_ Sl
Wild tamarind _Lysiloma latisiliquum_
Jamaica dogwood _Piscidia piscipula_
Black-bead _Pithecellobium guadalupense_
Cat’s claw _Pithecellobium unguis-cati_
Necklace pod _Sophora tomentosa_
RUE FAMILY: _RUTACEAE_
_Citrus_ spp. Pr
Wild lime _Zanthoxylum fagara_
AILANTHUS FAMILY: _SIMAROUBACEAE_
_Alvaradoa amorphoides_
Paradise-tree _Simarouba glauca_
BAY CEDAR FAMILY: _SURIANACEAE_
Bay cedar _Suriana maritima_ Sm
BURSERA FAMILY: _BURSERACEAE_
Gumbo-limbo _Bursera simaruba_
MAHOGANY FAMILY: _MELIACEAE_
Mahogany _Swietenia mahagoni_
MALPIGHIA FAMILY: _MALPIGHIACEAE_
Locust-berry _Brysonima lucida_
SPURGE FAMILY: _EUPHORBIACEAE_
Crabwood _Ateramnus lucidus_
_Bischofia javanica_ Sl
Milk Bark _Drypetes diversifolia_
Guiana-plum _Drypetes lateriflora_
Manchineel _Hippomane mancinella_
CASHEW FAMILY: _ANACARDIACEAE_
Poisonwood _Metopium toxiferum_
Southern sumac _Rhus copallina_ var. _leucantha_
Brazilian-pepper _Schinus terebinthifolius_ We
Hogplum _Spondias purpurea_
HOLLY FAMILY: _AQUIFOLIACEAE_
Dahoon _Ilex cassine_
Tawnyberry holly _Ilex krugiana_
BITTERSWEET FAMILY: _CELASTRACEAE_
Ground holly _Crossopetalum ilicifolium_ Sm
Rhacoma _Crossopetalum rhacoma_ Sm
Guttapercha mayten _Maytenus phyllanthoides_
MAPLE FAMILY: _ACERACEAE_
Red maple _Acer rubum_
SOAPBERRY FAMILY: _SAPINDACEAE_
Varnish-leaf _Dodonaea viscose_ var. _linearis_
Inkwood _Exothea paniculata_
White ironwood _Hypelate trifoliata_
Spanish lime _Melicoccus bijugatus_ Pr
Soapberry _Sapindus saponaria_
BUCKTHORN FAMILY: _RHAMNACEAE_
Coffee colubrina _Colubrina arborescens_
_Colubrina asiatica_
Cuban colubrina _Colubrina cubensis_ Sm
Black ironwood _Krugiodendron ferreum_
ELAEOCARPUS FAMILY: _ELAEOCARPACEAE_
Strawberry-tree _Muntinoia calabura_ Pr
MALLOW FAMILY: _MALVACEAE_
Wild cotton _Gossypium hirsutum_
_Hibiscus rosa-sinensis_ Pr
Turk’s cap _Malvaviscus arboreus_ var. _mexicanus_
Cork tree _Thespesia populnea_
CANELLA FAMILY: _CANELLACEAE_
Wild-cinnamon _Cannela winterana_
PAPAYA FAMILY: _CARICACEAE_
Papaya _Carica papaya_
CACTUS FAMILY: _CACTACEAE_
Prickly apple _Cereus gracilus_ var. _simpsonii_
Dildo _Cereus pentagonus_
MANGROVE FAMILY: _RHIZOPHORACEAE_
Red mangrove _Rhizophora mangle_
COMBRETUM FAMILY: _COMBRETACEAE_
Black olive _Bucida buceras_ Pr
Buttonwood _Conocarpus erectus_
White mangrove _Laguncularia racemosa_
Indian almond _Terminalia catappa_ Pr
MYRTLE FAMILY: _MYRTACEAE_
Bottlebrush _Callistemon viminalis_ Pr
Spicewood _Calyptranthes pallens_ var. _pallens_
Myrtle-of-the-river _Calyptranthes zuzygium_
White stopper _Eugenia axillaris_
Spanish stopper _Eugenia foetida_
Cajeput _Melaleuca quinquenervia_ Sl
Simpson stopper _Myrcianthes fragans_ var. _simpsonii_
Guava _Psidium guajava_ We
Long-stalked stopper _Psidium longipes_ var. _longipes_ Sm
MEADOW-BEAUTY FAMILY: _MELASTOMATACEAE_
Spanish leather _Tetrazygia bicolor_
JOE-WOOD FAMILY: _THEOPHRASTACEAE_
Joe-wood _Jacquinia keyensis_
MYRSINE FAMILY: _MYRSINACEAE_
Marlberry _Ardisia escallonioides_
Shoebutton ardisia _Ardisia solanacea_ We
Myrsine _Myrsine floridana_
SAPODILLA FAMILY: _SAPOTACEAE_
Saffron-plum _Bumelia celastrina_
_Bumelia reclinata_ var. _reclinata_ Sm
Willow bustic _Bumelia salicifolia_
Satin leaf _Chrysophyllum oliviforme_
Wild dilly _Manilkara bahamensis_
Mastic _Mastichodendron foetidissimum_
EBONY FAMILY: _EBENACEAE_
Persimmon _Diospyros virginiana_
OLIVE FAMILY: _OLEACEAE_
Wild-olive _Forestiera segregata_ var. _pinetorum_ Sm
Florida-privet _Forestiera segregata_ var. _segregata_ Sm
Pop ash _Fraxinus caroliniana_
DOGBANE FAMILY: _APOCYNACEAE_
_Thevetia peruviana_ Pr
Pearl-berry _Vallesia antillana_
BORAGE FAMILY: _BORAGINACEAE_
Smooth strongbark _Bourreria cassinifolia_
Strongbark _Bourreria ovata_
Geiger-tree _Cordia sebestena_
BLACK MANGROVE FAMILY: _AVICENNIACEAE_
Black Mangrove _Avicennia germinans_
VERBENA FAMILY: _VERBENACEAE_
Fiddlewood _Citharexylum fructicosum_
Java Glory-bowers _Cleradendrum speciosissimum_
POTATO FAMILY: _SOLANACEAE_
Potato tree _Solanum erianthum_
MADDER FAMILY: _RUBIACEAE_
Seven-year-apple _Casasia clusiifolia_
Buttonbush _Cephalanthus occidentalis_
Black torch _Erithalis fruticosa_ Sm
Velvet seed _Guettarda elliptica_
Rough velvet-seed _Guettarda scabra_
Firebush _Hamelia patens_
Indigo-berry _Randia aculeata_ Sm
HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY: _CAPRIFOLIACEAE_
Southern elderberry _Sambucus canadensis_
ASTER FAMILY: _ASTERACEAE_
Groundsel-tree _Baccharis glomeruliflora_ Sm
Groundsel-tree _Baccharis halimifolia_ Sm