1895.
[I have often regretted that I did not regularly take notes of my
father's conversation, which was striking, not so much for the manner
of it--though that was at once copious and crisp,--as for the strength
and substance of what he said. Yet the striking fact, the bit of
philosophy, the closely knitted argument, were perfectly unstudied, and
as in other most interesting talkers, dropped into the flow of
conversation as naturally as would the more ordinary experiences of
less richly stored minds.
However, in January 1895 I was staying at Eastbourne, and jotted down
several fragments of talk as nearly as I could recollect them.
Conversation not immediately noted down I hardly dare venture upon,
save perhaps such an unforgettable phrase as this, which I remember his
using one day as we walked on the hills near Great Hampden]:--"It is
one of the most saddening things in life that, try as we may, we can
never be certain of making people happy, whereas we can almost always
be certain of making them unhappy."
[JANUARY 16.
At lunch he spoke of Dr. Louis Robinson's experiments upon simian
characteristics in new-born children. He himself had called attention
before to the incurved feet of infants, but the power of hanging by the
hands was a new and important discovery. (Professor H.F. Osborn tells
this story of his:--"When a fond mother calls upon me to admire her
baby, I never fail to respond; and while cooing appropriately, I take
advantage of an opportunity to gently ascertain whether the soles of
its feet turn in, and tend to support my theory of arboreal descent.")
He expressed his disgust with a certain member of the Psychical
Research Society for his attitude towards spiritualism]: "He doesn't
believe in it, yet lends it the cover of his name. He is one of the
people who talk of the 'possibility' of the thing, who think the
difficulties of disproving a thing as good as direct evidence in its
favour."
[He thought it hard to be attacked for] "the contempt of the man of
science" [when he was dragged into debate by Mr. Andrew Lang's "Cock
Lane and Common Sense", he saying in a very polite letter}: "I am
content to leave Mr. Lang the Cock Lane Ghost if I may keep common
sense." "After all," [he added], "when a man has been through life and
made his judgments, he must have come to a decision that there are some
subjects it is not worth while going into."
JANUARY 18.
I referred to an article in the last "Nineteenth Century", and he
said]:--"As soon as I saw it, I wrote, 'Knowles, my friend, you don't
draw me this time. If a man goes on attributing statements to me which
I have shown over and over again--giving chapter and verse--to be the
contrary of what I did say, it is no good saying any more.'"
[But would not this course of silence leave the mass of the British
public believing the statements of the writer?]
"The mass of the public will believe in ten years precisely the
opposite of what they believe now. If a man is not a fool, it does him
no harm to be believed one. If he really is a fool, it does matter.
There never was book so derided and scoffed at as my first book, "Man's
Place in Nature", but it was true, and I don't know I was any the worse
for the ridicule.
"People call me fond of controversy, but, as a fact, for the last
twenty years at all events, I have never entered upon a controversy
without some further purpose in view. As to Gladstone and his
"Impregnable Rock", it wasn't worth attacking them for themselves; but
it was most important at that moment to shake him in the minds of
sensible men.
"The movement of modern philosophy is back towards the position of the
old Ionian philosophers, but strengthened and clarified by sound
scientific ideas. If I publish my criticism on Comte, I should have to
re-write it as a summary of philosophical ideas from the earliest
times. The thread of philosophical development is not on the lines
usually laid down for it. It goes from Democritus and the rest to the
Epicureans, and then the Stoics, who tried to reconcile it with popular
theological ideas, just as was done by the Christian Fathers. In the
Middle Ages it was entirely lost under the theological theories of the
time; but reappeared with Spinoza, who, however, muddled it up with a
lot of metaphysics which made him almost unintelligible.
"Plato was the founder of all the vague and unsound thinking that has
burdened philosophy, deserting facts for possibilities, and then, after
long and beautiful stories of what might be, telling you he doesn't
quite believe them himself.
"A certain time since it was heresy to breathe a word against Plato;
but I have a nice story of Sir Henry Holland. He used to have all the
rising young men to breakfast, and turn out their latest ideas. One
morning I went to breakfast with him, and we got into very intimate
conversation, when he wound up by saying, 'In my opinion, Plato was an
ass! But don't tell any one I said so.'"
We talked on geographical teaching; he began by insisting on the need
of a map of the earth (on the true scale) showing the insignificance of
all elevations and depressions on the surface. Secondly, one should
take any place as centre, and draw about it circles of 50 or 100 miles
radius, and see what lies within them; and note the extent of the
influence exerted by the central point. At the same time, one should
always compare the British Isles to scale. For instance, the Aegean is
about as big as Britain; while the smallness of Judaea is remarkable.
After the Exile, the Jewish part was about as big as the county of
Gloucester. How few boys realise this, though they are taught classical
geography.
"The real chosen people were the Greeks. One of the most remarkable
things about them is not only the smallness, but the late rise of
Attica, whereas Magna Graecia flourished in the eighth century. The
Greeks were doing everything--piracy, trade, fighting, expelling the
Persians. Never was there so large a number of self-governing
communities.
"They fell short of the Jews in morality. How curious is the tolerant
attitude of Socrates, like a modern man of the world talking to a young
fellow who runs after the girls. The Jew, however he fell short in
other respects, set himself a certain standard in cleanliness of life,
and would not fall below it. The more creditable to him, because these
vices were the offspring of the Semitic races among whom the Jew lived.
"There is a curious similarity between the position of the Jew in
ancient times and what it is now. They were procurers and usurers among
the Gentiles, yet many of them were singularly high-minded and pure.
All too with an intense clannishness, the secret of their success, and
a sense of superiority to the Gentile which would prevent the meanest
Jew from sitting at table with a proconsul.
"The most remarkable achievement of the Jew was to impose on Europe for
eighteen centuries his own superstitions--his ideas of the
supernatural. Jahveh was no more than Zeus or Milcom; yet the Jew got
established the belief in the inspiration of his Bible and his Law. If
I were a Jew, I should have the same contempt as he has for the
Christian who acted in this way towards me, who took my ideas and
scorned me for clinging to them."
[January 21.
Yesterday evening he again declared that it was very hard for a man of
peace like himself to have been dragged into so many controversies.] "I
declare that for the last twenty years I have never attacked, but
always fought in self-defence, counting Darwin, of course, as part of
myself, for dear Darwin never could nor would defend himself. Before
that, I admit I attacked --, but I could not trust the man." [A pause.]
"No, there was one other case, when I attacked without being directly
assailed, and that was Gladstone. But it was good for other reasons. It
has always astonished me how a man after fifty or sixty years of life
among men could be so ignorant of the best way to handle his materials.
If he had only read Dana, he would have found his case much better
stated than ever he stated it. He seemed never to have read the leading
authorities on his own side."
[Speaking of the hesitation shown by the Senate of London University in
grappling with a threatened obstacle to reform, he remarked]: "It is
very strange how most men will do anything to evade responsibility."
[January 23.
At dinner the talk turned on plays. Mr. H.A. Jones had sent him
"Judah", which he thought good, though] "there must be some
hostility--except in the very greatest writers--between the dramatic
and the literary faculties. I noticed many points I objected to, but
felt sure they met with applause. Indeed in the theatre I have noticed
that what I thought the worst blots on a piece invariably brought down
the house."
[He remarked how the French, in dramatic just as in artistic matters,
are so much better than the English in composition, in avoiding
anything slipshod in the details, though the English artists draw just
as well and colour perhaps better.
The following sketch of human character is not actually a fragment of
conversation, though it might almost pass for such; it comes from a
letter to Mrs. W.K. Clifford, of February 10, 1895:--]
Men, my dear, are very queer animals, a mixture of horse-nervousness,
ass-stubbornness and camel-malice--with an angel bobbing about
unexpectedly like the apple in the posset, and when they can do exactly
as they please, they are very hard to drive.
[Whatever he talked of, his talk never failed to impress those who
conversed with him. One or two such impressions have been recorded. Mr.
Wilfrid Ward, whose interests lie chiefly in philosophy and theology,
was his neighbour at Eastbourne, and in the "Nineteenth Century" for
August 1896 has given various reminiscences of their friendly
intercourse.
His conversation (he writes) was singularly finished, and (if I may so
express it) clean cut; never long-winded or prosy; enlivened by vivid
illustrations. He was an excellent raconteur, and his stories had a
stamp of their own which would have made them always and everywhere
acceptable. His sense of humour and economy of words would have made it
impossible, had he lived to ninety, that they should ever have been
disparaged as symptoms of what has been called "anecdotage."
One drawback to conversation, however, he began to complain of during
the later seventies.]
It is a great misfortune [he remarked to Professor Osborn] to be deaf
in only one ear. Every time I dine out the lady sitting by my good ear
thinks I am charming, but I make a mortal enemy of the lady on my deaf
side.
[In ordinary conversation he never plunged at once into deep subjects.
His welcome to the newcomer was always of the simplest and most
unstudied. He had no mannerisms nor affectation of phrase. He would
begin at once to talk on everyday topics; an intimate friend he would
perhaps rally upon some standing subject of persiflage. But the
subsequent course of conversation adapted itself to his company. Deeper
subjects were reached soon enough by those who cared for them; with
others he was quite happy to talk of politics or people or his garden,
yet, whatever he touched, never failing to infuse into it an unexpected
interest.
In this connection, a typical story was told me by a great friend of
mine, whom we had come to know through his marriage with an early
friend of the family. "Going to call at Hodeslea," he said, "I was in
some trepidation, because I didn't know anything about science or
philosophy; but when your mother began to talk over old times with my
wife, your father came across the room and sat down by me, and began to
talk about the dog which we had brought with us. From that he got on to
the different races of dogs and their origin and connections, all quite
simply, and not as though to give information, but just to talk about
something which obviously interested me. I shall never forget how
extraordinarily kind it was of your father to take all this trouble in
entertaining a complete stranger, and choosing a subject which put me
at my ease at once, while he told me all manner of new and interesting
things."
A few more fragments of his conversation have been preserved--the
following by Mr. Wilfrid Ward. Speaking of Tennyson's conversation, he
said:--
Doric beauty is its characteristic--perfect simplicity, without any
ornament or anything artificial.
Telling how he had been to a meeting of the British Museum Trustees, he
said:--]
After the meeting, Archbishop Benson helped me on with my great-coat. I
was QUITE OVERCOME by this species of spiritual investiture. "Thank
you, Archbishop," I said, "I feel as if I were receiving the pallium."
[Speaking of two men of letters, with neither of whom he sympathised,
he once said:--]
Don't mistake me. One is a thinker and man of letters, the other is
only a literary man. Erasmus was a man of letters, Gigadibs a literary
man. A.B. is the incarnation of Gigadibs. I should call him Gigadibsius
Optimus Maximus.
[Another time, referring to Dean Stanley's historical
impressionability, as militating against his sympathies with Colenso,
he said:--]
Stanley could believe in anything of which he had seen the supposed
site, but was sceptical where he had not seen. At a breakfast at
Monckton Milnes's, just at the time of the Colenso row, Milnes asked me
my views on the Pentateuch, and I gave them. Stanley differed from me.
The account of Creation in Genesis he dismissed at once as
unhistorical; but the call of Abraham, and the historical narrative of
the Pentateuch, he accepted. This was because he had seen
Palestine--but he wasn't present at the Creation.
[When he and Stanley met, there was sure to be a brisk interchange of
repartee. One of these occasions, a ballot day at the Athenaeum, has
been recorded by the late Sir W.H. Flower:--
A well-known popular preacher of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, who
had made himself famous by predictions of the speedy coming of the end
of the world, was up for election. I was standing by Huxley when the
Dean, coming straight from the ballot boxes, turned towards us.]
"Well," [said Huxley], "have you been voting for C.?" ["Yes, indeed I
have," replied the Dean.] "Oh, I thought the priests were always
opposed to the prophets," [said Huxley.] "Ah!" replied the Dean, with
that well-known twinkle in his eye, and the sweetest of smiles, "but
you see, I do not believe in his prophecies, and some people say I am
not much of a priest."
A few words as to his home life may perhaps be fitly introduced here.
Towards his children he had the same union of underlying tenderness
veiled beneath inflexible determination for what was right, which
marked his intercourse with those outside his family.
As children we were fully conscious of this side of his character. We
felt our little hypocrisies shrivel up before him; we felt a confidence
in the infallible rectitude of his moral judgments which inspired a
kind of awe. His arbitrament was instant and final, though rarely
invoked, and was perhaps the more tremendous in proportion to its
rarity. This aspect, as if of an oracle without appeal, was heightened
in our minds by the fact that we saw but little of him. This was one of
the penalties of his hard-driven existence. In the struggle to keep his
head above water for the first fifteen or twenty years of his married
life, he had scarcely any time to devote to his children. The "lodger,"
as he used to call himself at one time, who went out early and came
back late, could sometimes spare half an hour just before or after
dinner to draw wonderful pictures for the little ones, and these were
memorable occasions. I remember that he used to profess a horror of
being too closely watched, or of receiving suggestions, while he drew.
"Take care, take care," he would exclaim, "or I don't know what it will
turn into."
When I was seven years old I had the misfortune to be laid up with
scarlet fever, and then his gift of drawing was a great solace to me.
The solitary days--for I was the first victim in the family--were very
long, and I looked forward with intense interest to one half-hour after
dinner, when he would come up and draw scenes from the history of a
remarkable bull-terrier and his family that went to the seaside, in a
most human and child-delighting manner. I have seldom suffered a
greater disappointment than when, one evening, I fell asleep just
before this fairy half-hour, and lost it out of my life.
In those days he often used to take the three eldest of us out for a
walk on Sunday afternoons, sometimes to the Zoological Gardens, more
often to the lanes and fields between St. John's Wood and Hampstead or
West End. For then the flood of bricks and mortar ceased on the
Finchley Road just beyond the Swiss Cottage, and the West End Lane,
winding solitary between its high hedges and rural ditches, was quite
like a country road in holiday time, and was sometimes gladdened in
June with real dog-roses, although the church and a few houses had
already begun to encroach on the open fields at the end of the Abbey
Road.
My father often used to delight us with sea stories and tales of
animals, and occasionally with geological sketches suggested by the
gravels of Hampstead Heath. But regular "shop" he would not talk to us,
contrary to the expectation of people who have often asked me whether
we did not receive quite a scientific training from his companionship.
At the Christmas dinner he invariably delighted the children by carving
wonderful beasts, generally pigs, out of orange peel. When the marriage
of his eldest daughter had taken her away from this important function,
she was sent the best specimen as a reminder.]
4 Marlborough Place, December 25, 1878.
Dearest Jess,
We have just finished the mid-day Christmas dinner, at which function
you were badly wanted. The inflammation of the pudding was highly
successful--in fact Vesuvian not to say Aetnaic--and I have never yet
attained so high a pitch in piggygenesis as on this occasion.
The specimen I enclose, wrapped in a golden cerecloth, and with the
remains of his last dinner in the proper region, will prove to you the
heights to which the creative power of the true artist may soar. I call
it a "Piggurne, or a Harmony in Orange and White."
Preserve it, my dear child, as evidence of the paternal genius, when
those light and fugitive productions which are buried in the
philosophical transactions and elsewhere are forgotten.
My best wishes to Fred and you, and may you succeed better than I do in
keeping warm.
Ever your loving father,
T.H. Huxley.
[Later on, however, the younger children who kept up the home at
Marlborough Place after the elder ones had married or gone out into the
world, enjoyed more opportunities of his ever-mellowing companionship.
Strongly as he upheld the conventions when these represented some valid
results of social experience, he was always ready to set aside his mere
likes and dislikes on good cause shown; to follow reason as against the
mere prejudice of custom, even his own.
Severe he might be on occasion, but never harsh. His idea in bringing
up his children was to accustom them as early as possible to a certain
amount of independence, at the same time trying to make them regard him
as their best friend.
This aspect of his character is specially touched upon by Sir Leslie
Stephen, in a letter written to my mother in July 1895:--
No one, I think, could have more cordially admired Huxley's
intellectual vigour and unflinching honesty than I. It pleases me to
remember that I lately said something of this to him, and that he
received what I said most heartily and kindly. But what now dwells most
in my mind is the memory of old kindness, and of the days when I used
to see him with you and his children. I may safely say that I never
came from your house without thinking how good he is; what a tender and
affectionate nature the man has! It did me good simply to see him. The
recollection is sweet to me now, and I rejoice to think how infinitely
better you know what I must have been dull indeed not more or less to
perceive.
As he wrote to his son on his twenty-first birthday:--]
You will have a son some day yourself, I suppose, and if you do, I can
wish you no greater satisfaction than to be able to say that he has
reached manhood without having given you a serious anxiety, and that
you can look forward with entire confidence to his playing the man in
the battle of life. I have tried to make you feel your responsibilities
and act independently as early as possible--but, once for all, remember
that I am not only your father but your nearest friend, ready to help
you in all things reasonable, and perhaps in a few unreasonable.
[This domestic happiness which struck others so forcibly was one of the
vital realities of his existence. Without it his quick spirit and
nervous temperament could never have endured the long and often
embittered struggle--not merely with equanimity, but with a constant
growth of sympathy for earnest humanity, which, in early days obscured
from view by the turmoil of strife, at length became apparent to all as
the tide of battle subsided. None realised more than himself what the
sustaining help and comradeship of married life had wrought for him,
alike in making his life worth living and in making his life's work
possible. Here he found the pivot of his happiness and his strength;
here he recognised to the full the care that took upon itself all
possible burdens and left his mind free for his greater work.
He had always a great tenderness for children. "One of my earliest
recollections of him," writes Jeffery Parker, "is in connection with a
letter he wrote to my father, on the occasion of the death, in infancy,
of one of my brothers. 'Why,' he wrote, 'did you not tell us before
that the child was named after me, that we might have made his short
life happier by a toy or two.' I never saw a man more crushed than he
was during the dangerous illness of one of his daughters, and he told
me that, having then to make an after-dinner speech, he broke down for
the first time in his life, and for one painful moment forgot where he
was and what he had to say. I can truly say that I never knew a man
whose way of speaking of his family, or whose manner in his own home,
was fuller of a noble, loving, and withal playful courtesy."
After he had retired to Eastbourne, his grandchildren reaped the
benefit of his greater leisure. In his age his love of children brimmed
over with undiminished force, unimpeded by circumstances. He would make
endless fun with them, until one little mite, on her first visit, with
whom her grandfather was trying to ingratiate himself with a vast deal
of nonsense, exclaimed: "Well, you are the curioustest old man I ever
seen."
Another, somewhat older, developed a great liking for astronomy under
her grandfather's tuition. One day a visitor, entering unexpectedly,
was astonished to find the pair of them kneeling on the floor in the
hall before a large sheet of paper, on which the professor was drawing
a diagram of the solar system on a large scale, with a little pellet
and a large ball to represent earth and sun, while the child was
listening with the closest attention to an account of the planets and
their movements, which he knew so well how to make simple and precise
without ever being dull.
Children seemed to have a natural confidence in the expression of
mingled power and sympathy which, especially in his later years,
irradiated his "square, wise, swarthy face" ("There never was a face, I
do believe" (wrote Sir Walter Besant of the portrait by John Collier),
"wiser, more kindly, more beautiful for wisdom and the kindliness of
it, than this of Huxley."--The "Queen", November 16, 1895.), and
proclaimed to all the sublimation of a broad native humanity tried by
adversity and struggle in the pursuit of noble ends. It was the
confidence that an appeal would not be rejected, whether for help in
distress, or for the satisfaction of the child's natural desire for
knowledge.
Spirit and determination in children always delighted him. His grandson
Julian, a curly-haired rogue, alternately cherub and pickle, was a
source of great amusement and interest to him. The boy must have been
about four years old when my father one day came in from the garden,
where he had been diligently watering his favourite plants with a big
hose, and said: "I like that chap! I like the way he looks you straight
in the face and disobeys you. I told him not to go on the wet grass
again. He just looked up boldly, straight at me, as much as to say,
'What do YOU mean by ordering me about?' and deliberately walked on to
the grass."
The disobedient youth who so charmed his grandfather's heart was the
prototype of Sandy in Mrs. Humphry Ward's "David Grieve". When the book
came out my father wrote to the author: "We are very proud of Julian's
apotheosis. He is a most delightful imp, and the way in which he used
to defy me on occasion, when he was here, was quite refreshing. The
strength of his conviction that people who interfere with his freedom
are certainly foolish, probably wicked, is quite Gladstonian."
A year after, when Julian had learned to write, and was reading the
immortal "Water Babies", wherein fun is poked at his grandfather's name
among the authorities on water-babies and water-beasts of every
description, he greatly desired more light as to the reality of
water-babies. There is a picture by Linley Sambourne, showing my father
and Owen examining a bottled water-baby under big magnifying glasses.
Here, then, was a real authority to consult. So he wrote a letter of
inquiry, first anxiously asking his mother if he would receive in reply
a "proper letter" that he could read for himself, or a "wrong kind of
letter" that must be read to him.
Dear Grandpater,
Have you seen a Waterbaby? Did you put it in a bottle? Did it wonder if
it could get out? Can I see it some day?
Your loving
Julian.
To this he received the following reply from his grandfather, neatly
printed, letter by letter, very unlike the orderly confusion with which
his pen usually rushed across the paper--time being so short for such a
multitude of writing--to the great perplexity, often, of his foreign
correspondents.]
HODESLEA, STAVELEY ROAD, EASTBOURNE, March 24 1892.
My dear Julian
I never could make sure about that Water Baby. I have seen Babies in
water and Babies in bottles; but the Baby in the water was not in a
bottle and the Baby in the bottle was not in water.
My friend who wrote the story of the Water Baby, was a very kind man
and very clever. Perhaps he thought I could see as much in the water as
he did--There are some people who see a great deal and some who see
very little in the same things.
When you grow up I dare say you will be one of the great-deal seers and
see things more wonderful than Water Babies where other folks can see
nothing.
Give my best love to Daddy and Mammy and Trevenen--Grand is a little
better but not up yet--
Ever
Your loving
Grandpater.
[Others of his family would occasionally receive elaborate pieces of
nonsense, of which I give a couple of specimens. The following is to
his youngest daughter:--]
Athenaeum Club, May 17, 1892.
Dearest Babs,
As I was going along Upper Thames
Street just now, I saw between Numbers 170 and 211 ( (primary
parenthesis) but you would like to know what I was going along that
odorous street for. Well, it was to inquire how the pen with which I am
now writing--( (2nd parenthesis) you see it is a new-fangled fountain
pen, warranted to cure the worst writing and always spell properly)
(2nd parenthesis)--works, because it would not work properly this
morning. And the nice young woman who took it from me--( (3rd
parenthesis) as who should say you old foodle!) (3rd parenthesis) inked
her own fingers enormously ( (4th parenthesis) which I told her I was
pleased they were her fingers rather than mine) (4th parenthesis)--But
she only smole. ( (5th parenthesis) Close by was another shop where
they sold hose--( (6th or 7th parenthesis) indiarubber, not knitted)--(
(nth parenthesis) and warranted to let water through, not keep it out);
and I asked for a garden syringe, thinking such things likely to be
kept by hosiers of that sort--and they said they had not any, but found
they had a remnant cheap ( (nnth parenthesis) price 3 shillings) which
is less than many people pay for the other hosiers' hose) (end of
parentheses) a doorpost at the side of the doorway of some place of
business with this remarkable notice:
RULING GIRLS WANTED.
Don't you think you had better apply at once? Jack will give you a
character, I am sure, on the side of the art of ruling, and I will
speak for the science--also of hereditary (on mother's side) instinct.
Well I am not sure about the pen yet--but there is no room for any more.
Ever your loving
Dad.
Epistolary composition on the model of a Gladstonian speech to a
deputation on women's suffrage.
[The other is to his daughter, Mrs. Harold Roller, who had sent him
from abroad a friend's autograph-book for a signature:--]
Hodeslea, Eastbourne, November 1, 1893.
The epistle of Thomas to the woman of the house of Harold.
1. I said it was an autograph-book; and so it was.
2. And naughty words came to the root of my tongue.
3. And the recording angel dipped his pen in the ink and squared his
elbows to write.
4. But I spied the hand of the lovely and accomplished but vagabond
daughter.
5. And I smole; and spoke not; nor uttered the naughty words.
6. So the recording angel was sold;
7. And was about to suck his pen.
8. But I said Nay! give it to me.
9. And I took the pen and wrote on the book of the Autographs letters
pleasant to the eye and easy to read.
10. Such as my printers know not: nor the postman--nor the
correspondent, who riseth in his wrath and curseth over my epistle
ordinary.
[This to his youngest daughter, which, in jesting form, conveys a good
deal of sound sense, was the sequel to a discussion as to the
advisability of a University education for her own and another boy:--]
Hodeslea, Eastbourne, May 9, 1892.
Dearest Babs,
Bickers and Son have abased themselves, and assure me that they have
fetched the Dictionary away and are sending it here. I shall believe
them when it arrives.
As a rule, I do not turn up when I announce my coming, but I believe I
shall be with you about dinnertime on Friday next (13th).
In the meanwhile, my good daughter, meditate these things:
1. Parents not too rich wish to send exceptionally clever, energetic
lad to university--before taking up father's profession of architect.
2. Exceptionally clever, energetic lad will be well taught classics at
school--not well taught in other things--will easily get a scholarship
either at school or university. So much in parents' pockets.
3. Exceptionally clever, energetic lad will get as much mathematics,
mechanics, and other needful preliminaries to architecture, as he wants
(and a good deal more if he likes) at Oxford. Excellent physical school
there.
4. Splendid Art museums at Oxford.
5. Prigs not peculiar to Oxford.
6. Don Cambridge would choke science (except mathematics) if it could
as willingly as Don Oxford and more so.
7. Oxford always represents English opinion, in all its extremes,
better than Cambridge.
8. Cambridge better for doctors, Oxford for architects, poets,
painters, and-all-that-sort-of-cattle (all crossed out).
9. LAWRENCE WILL GO TO OXFORD and become a real scholar, which is a
great thing and a noble. He will combine the new and the old, and show
how much better the world would have been if it had stuck to Hellenism.
You are dreaming of the schoolboy who does not follow up his work, or
becomes a mere poll man. Good enough for parsons, not for men. LAWRENCE
WILL GO TO OXFORD.
Ever your aggrawatin'
Pa.
[Like the old Greek sage and statesman, my father might have declared
that old age found him ever learning. Not indeed with the fiery
earnestness of his young days of stress and storm; but with the steady
advance of a practised worker who cannot be unoccupied. History and
philosophy, especially biblical criticism, composed his chief reading
in these later years.
Fortune had ceased her buffets; broken health was restored; and from
his resting-place among his books and his plants he watched keenly the
struggle which had now passed into other hands, still ready to strike a
blow if need be, or even, on rare occasions, to return to the fighting
line, as when he became a leader in the movement for London University
reform.
His days at Eastbourne, then, were full of occupation, if not the
occupation of former days. The day began as early; he never relaxed
from the rule of an eight o'clock breakfast. Then a pipe and an hour
and a half of letter-writing or working at an essay. Then a short
expedition around the garden, to inspect the creepers, tend the
saxifrages, or see how the more exposed shrubs could best be sheltered
from the shrivelling winds. The gravelled terrace immediately behind
the house was called the Quarterdeck; it was the place for a brisk
patrolling in uncertain weather or in a north wind. In the lower garden
was a parallel walk protected from the south by a high double hedge of
cypress and golden elder, designed for shelter from the summer sun and
southerly winds.
Then would follow another spell of work till near one o'clock; the
weather might tempt him out again before lunch; but afterwards he was
certain to be out for an hour or two from half-past two. However hard
it blew, and Eastbourne is seldom still, the tiled walk along the
sea-wall always offered the possibility of a constitutional. But the
high expanse of the Downs was his favourite walk. The air of Beachy
Head, 560 feet up, was an unfailing tonic. In the summer he used to
keep a look-out for the little flowers of the short, close turf of the
chalk which could remind him of his Alpine favourites, in particular
the curious phyteuma; and later on, in the folds of the hills where he
had marked them, the English Gentians.
After his walk, a cup of tea was followed by more reading or writing
till seven; after dinner another pipe, and then he would return to my
mother in the drawing-room, and settle down in his particular armchair,
with some tough volume of history or theology to read, every now and
again scoring a passage for future reference, or jotting a brief note
on the margin. At ten he would migrate to the study for a final smoke
before going to bed.
Such was his routine, broken by occasional visits to town on business,
for he was still Dean of the Royal College of Science and a trustee of
the British Museum. Old friends came occasionally to stay for a few
days, and tea-time would often bring one or two of the small circle of
friends whom he had made in Eastbourne. These also he occasionally
visited, but he scarcely ever dined out. The talking was too tiring.
The change to Eastbourne cut away a whole series of interests, but it
imported a new and very strong one into my father's life. His garden
was not only a convenient ambulatory, but, with its growing flowers and
trees, became a novel and intense pleasure, until he began] "to think
with Candide that 'Cultivons notre jardin' comprises the whole duty of
man."
[It was strange that this interest should have come suddenly at the end
of his life. Though he had won the prize in Lindley's botanical class,
he had never been a field botanist till he was attracted by the Swiss
gentians. As has been said before, his love of nature had never run to
collecting either plants or animals. Mere "spider-hunters and
hay-naturalists," as a German friend called them, he was inclined to
regard as the camp-followers of science. It was the engineering side of
nature, the unity of plan of animal construction, worked out in
infinitely varying detail, which engrossed him. Walking once with
Hooker in the Rhone valley, where the grass was alive with red and
green grasshoppers, he said,] "I would give anything to be as
interested in them as you are."
[But this feeling, unknown to him before, broke out in his gentian
work. He told Hooker, "I can't express the delight I have in them." It
continued undiminished when once he settled in the new house and laid
out a garden. His especial love was for the rockery of Alpines, many of
which came from Sir J. Hooker.
Here, then, he threw himself into gardening with characteristic ardour.
He described his position as a kind of mean between the science of the
botanist and the empiricism of the working gardener. He had plenty to
suggest, but his gardener, like so many of his tribe, had a rooted
mistrust of any gardening lore culled from books. "Books? They'll say
anything in them books." And he shared, moreover, that common
superstition, perhaps really based upon a question of labour, that
watering of flowers, unnecessary in wet weather, is actively bad in
dry. So my father's chief occupation in the garden was to march about
with a long hose, watering, and watering especially his alpines in the
upper garden and along the terraces lying below the house. The
saxifrages and the creepers on the house were his favourite plants.
When he was not watering the one he would be nailing up the other, for
the winds of Eastbourne are remarkably boisterous, and shrivel up what
they do not blow down.] "I believe I shall take to gardening," [he
writes, a few months after entering the new house,] "if I live long
enough. I have got so far as to take a lively interest in the condition
of my shrubs, which have been awfully treated by the long cold."
[From this time his letters contain many references to his garden. He
is astonished when his gardener asks leave to exhibit at the local
show, but delighted with his pluck. Hooker jestingly sends him a plant
"which will flourish on any dry, neglected bit of wall, so I think it
will just suit you."]
Great improvements have been going on (he writes in 1892), and the next
time you come you shall walk in the "avenue" of four box-trees. Only
five are to be had for love or money at present, but there are hopes of
a sixth, and then the "avenue" will be full ten yards long! Figurez
vous ca!
[It was of this he wrote on October 1:--]
Thank Heaven we are settled down again and I can vibrate between my
beloved books and even more beloved saxifrages.
The additions to the house are great improvements every way, outside
and in, and when the conservatory is finished we shall be quite
palatial; but, alas, of all my box-trees only one remains green, that
is the "amari," or more properly "fusci" aliquid.
[Sad things will happen, however. Although the local florists vowed
that the box-trees would not stand the winds of Eastbourne, he was set
on seeing if he could not get them to grow despite the gardeners, whom
he had once or twice found false prophets. But this time they were
right. Vain were watering and mulching and all the arts of the
husbandman. The trees turned browner and browner every day, and the
little avenue from terrace to terrace had to be ignominiously uprooted
and removed.
A sad blow this, worse even than the following:--]
A lovely clematis in full flower, which I had spent hours in nailing
up, has just died suddenly. I am more inconsolable than Jonah!
[He answers some gardening chaff of Sir Michael Foster's:--]
Wait till I cut you out at the Horticultural. I have not made up my
mind what to compete in yet. Look out when I do!
[And when the latter offered to propose him for that Society, he
replied:--]
Proud an' 'appy should I be to belong to the Horticultural if you will
see to it. Could send specimens of nailing up creepers if qualification
is required.
[After his long battlings for his early loves of science and liberty of
thought, his later love of the tranquil garden seemed in harmony with
the dignified rest from struggle. To those who thought of the past and
the present, there was something touching in the sight of the old man
whose unquenched fires now lent a gentler glow to the peaceful
retirement he had at length won for himself. His latter days were
fruitful and happy in their unflagging intellectual interests, set off
by the new delights of the succidia altera, that second resource of
hale old age for many a century.
All through his last and prolonged illness, from earliest spring until
midsummer, he loved to hear how the garden was getting on, and would
ask after certain flowers and plants. When the bitter cold spring was
over and the warm weather came, he spent most of the day outside, and
even recovered so far as to be able to walk once into the lower garden
and visit his favourite flowers. These children of his old age helped
to cheer him to the last.
***
APPENDIX 1.
As for this unfinished work, suggestive outlines left for others to
fill in, Professor Howes writes to me in October 1899:--
Concerning the papers at South Kensington, which, as part of the
contents of your father's book-shelves, were given by him to the
College, and now are arranged, numbered, and registered in order for
use, there is evidence that in 1858 he, with his needles and eyeglass,
had dissected and carefully figured the so-called pronephros of the
Frog's tadpole, in a manner which as to accuracy of detail anticipated
later discovery. Again, in the early '80's, he had observed and
recorded in a drawing the prae-pulmonary aortic arch of the Amphibian,
at a period antedating the researches of Boas, which in connection with
its discovery placed the whole subject of the morphology of the
pulmonary artery of the vertebrata on its final basis, and brought
harmony into our ideas concerning it.
Both these subjects lie at the root of modern advances in vertebrate
morphology.
Concerning the skull, he was in the '80's back to it with a will. His
line of attack was through the lampreys and hags and the higher
cartilaginous fishes, and he was following up a revolutionary
conception (already hinted at in his Hunterian Lectures in 1864, and
later in a Royal Society paper on Amphioxus in 1875), that the
trabeculae cranii, judged by their relationships to the nerves, may
represent a pair of prae-oral visceral arches. In his unpublished notes
there is evidence that he was bringing to the support of this
conclusion the discovery of a supposed 4th branch to the trigeminal
nerve--the relationships of this (which he proposed to term the
"hyporhinal" or palato-nasal division) and the ophthalmic (to have been
termed the "orbitonasal" (A term already applied by him in 1875 to the
corresponding nerve in the Batrachia. ("Encyclopaedia Britannica" 9th
edition, volume 1 article "Amphibia."))) to the trabecular arch and a
supposed prae-mandibular visceral cleft, being regarded as repetitional
of those of the maxillary and mandibular divisions to the mandibular
cleft. So far as I am aware, von Kupffer is the only observer who has
given this startling conclusion support, in his famous "Studien" (Hf.
I. Kopf Acipenser, Munchen, 1893), and from the nature of other recent
work on the genesis of parts of the cranium hitherto thought to be
wholly trabecular in origin, it might well be further upheld. As for
the discovery of the nerve, I have been lately much interested to find
that Mr. E. Phelps Allis, junior, an investigator who has done grand
work in Cranial Morphology, has recently and independently arrived at a
similar result. It was while working in my laboratory in July last that
he mentioned the fact to me. Remembering that your father had published
the aforementioned hints on the subject, and recalling conversations I
had with him, it occurred to me to look into his unpublished
manuscripts (then being sorted), if perchance he had gone further. And,
behold! there is a lengthy attempt to write the matter up in full, in
which, among other things, he was seeking to show that, on this basis,
the mode of termination of the notochord in the Craniata, and in the
Branchiostomidae (in which the trabecular arch is undifferentiated), is
readily explained. Mr. Allis's studies are now progressing, and I have
arranged with him that if, in the end, his results come sufficiently
close to your father's, he shall give his work due recognition and
publicity. (See "The Lateral Sensory Canals, the Eye-Muscles, and the
Peripheral Distribution of certain of the Cranial Nerves of Mustelus
laevis" by Edward Phelps Allis, junior, reprinted from "Quarterly
Journal Micr. S." volume 45 part 2 New Series.)
Among his schemes of the early '80's, there was actually commenced a
work on the principles of Mammalian Anatomy and an Elementary Treatise
on the Vertebrata. The former exists in the shape of a number of
drawings with very brief notes, the latter to a slight extent only in
manuscript. In the former, intended for the medical student and as a
means of familiarising him with the anatomical "tree" as distinct from
its surgical "leaves," your father once again returned to the skull,
and he leaves a scheme for a revised terminology of its nerve exits
worthy his best and most clear-headed endeavours of the past.
(Concerning this he wrote to Professor Howes in 1890 when giving him
permission to denote two papers which he was about to present to the
Zoological Society, as the first which emanated from the Huxley
Research Laboratory]:--"Pray do as you think best about the
nomenclature. I remember when I began to work at the skull it seemed a
hopeless problem, and years elapsed before I got hold of the clue."
[And six weeks later, he writes]:--"You are always welcome to turn
anything of mine to account, though I vow I do not just now recollect
anything about the terms you mention. If you were to examine me in my
own papers, I believe I should be plucked.") [And well do I remember
how, in the '80's, both in the class-room and in conversation, he would
emphasise the fact that the hypoglossus nerve roots of the mammal arise
serially with the ventral roots of the spinal nerves, little thinking
that the discovery by Froriep, in 1886, of their dorsal ganglionated
counterparts, would establish the actual homology between the two, and
by leading to the conclusion that though actual vertebrae do not
contribute to the formation of the mammalian skull, its occipital
region is of truncal origin, mark the most revolutionary advance in
cranial morphology since his own of 1856.
Much of the final zoological work of his life lay with the Bony Fishes,
and he leaves unfinished (indeed only just commenced) a memoir
embodying a new scheme of classification of these, which shows that he
was intending to do for them what he did for Birds in the most active
period of his career. It was my good fortune to have helped as a hodman
in the study of these creatures, with a view to a Text-book we were to
have written conjointly, and as I realise what he was intending to make
out of the dry facts, I am filled with grief at the thought of what we
must have lost. His classification was based on the labours of years,
as testified by a vast accumulation of rough notes and sketches, and as
a conspicuous feature of it there stands the embodiment under one head
of all those fishes having the swim-bladder in connection with the
auditory organ by means of a chain of ossicles--a revolutionary
arrangement, which later, in the hands of the late Dr. Sagemahl, and by
his introduction of the famous term--"Ostariophyseae," has done more
than all else of recent years to clear the Ichthyological air. Your
father had anticipated this unpublished, and in a proposal to unite the
Herrings and Pikes into a single group, the "Clupesoces," he had
further given promise of a new system, based on the study of the
structure of the fins, jaws, and reproductive organs of the Bony
Fishes, the classifications of which are still largely chaotic, which
would have been as revolutionary as it was rational. New terms both in
taxonomy and anatomy were contemplated, and in part framed. His
published terms "Elasmo-" and "Cysto-arian" are the adjective form of
two--far-reaching and significant--which give an idea of what was to
have come. Similarly, the spinose fin-rays were to have been termed
"acanthonemes," the branching and multiarticulate "arthronemes," and
those of the more elementary and "adipose fin" type "protonemes": and
had he lived to complete the task, I question whether it would not have
excelled his earlier achievements.
The Rabbit was to have been the subject of the first of the
aforementioned books, and in the desire to get at the full meaning of
problems which arose during its progress, he was led to digress into a
general anatomical survey of the Rodentia, and in testimony to this
there remain five or six books of rough notes bearing dates 1880 to
1884, and a series of finished pencil-drawings, which, as works of art
and accurate delineations of fact, are among the most finished
productions of his hand. In the same manner his contemplated work upon
the Vertebrata led him during 1879-1880 to renewed investigation of the
anatomy of some of the more aberrant orders. Especially as concerning
the Marsupialia and Edentata was this the case, and to the end in view
he secured living specimens of the Vulpine Phalanger, and purchased of
the Zoological Society the Sloths and Ant-eaters which during that
period died in their Gardens. These he carefully dissected, and he
leaves among his papers a series of incomplete notes (fullest as
concerning the Phalanger and Cape Anteater [Orycteropus] ([I was
privileged to assist in the dissection of the latter animal, and well
do I remember how, when by means of a blow-pipe he had inflated the
bladder, intent on determining its limit of distensibility, the organ
burst, with unpleasant results, which called forth the remark] "I think
we'll leave it at that!")), which were never finished up.
They prove that he intended the production of special monographs on the
anatomy of these peculiar mammalian forms, as he did on members of
other orders which he had less fully investigated, and on the more
important groups of fishes alluded to in the earlier part of my letter;
and there seems no doubt, from the collocation of dates and study of
the order of the events, that his memorable paper "On the Application
of the Laws of Evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more
particularly of the Mammalia," published in the "Proceedings of the
Zoological Society" for 1880,--the most masterly among his scientific
theses--was the direct outcome of this intention, the only expression
which he gave to the world of the interaction of a series of
revolutionary ideas and conceptions (begotten of the labours of his
closing years as a working zoologist) which were at the period assuming
shape in his mind. They have done more than all else of their period to
rationalise the application of our knowledge of the Vertebrata, and
have now left their mark for all time on the history of progress, as
embodied in our classificatory systems.
He was in 1882 extending his important observations upon the
respiratory apparatus from birds to reptiles, with results which show
him to have been keenly appreciative of the existence of fundamental
points of similarity between the Avian and Chelonian types--a field
which has been more recently independently opened up by Milani.
Nor must it be imagined that after the publication of his ideal work on
the Crayfishes in 1880, he had forsaken the Invertebrata. On the
contrary, during the late '70's, and on till 1882, he accumulated a
considerable number of drawings (as usual with brief notes), on the
Mollusca. Some are rough, others beautiful in every respect, and among
the more conspicuous outcomes of the work are some detailed
observations on the nervous system, and an attempt to formulate a new
terminology of orientation of the Acephalous Molluscan body. The period
embraces that of his research upon the Spirula of the "Challenger"
expedition, since published; and incidentally to this he also
accumulated a series of valuable drawings, with explanatory notes, of
Cephalopod anatomy, which, as accurate records of fact, are unsurpassed.
As you are aware, he was practically the founder of the Anthropological
Institute. Here again, in the late '60's and early '70's, he was most
clearly contemplating a far-reaching inquiry into the physical
anthropology of all races of mankind. There remain in testimony to this
some 400 to 500 photographs (which I have had carefully arranged in
order and registered), most of them of the nude figure standing erect,
with the arm extended against a scale. A desultory correspondence
proves that in connection with these he was in treaty with British
residents and agents all over the world, with the Admiralty and naval
officers, and that all was being done with a fixed idea in view. He was
clearly contemplating something exhaustive and definite which he never
fulfilled, and the method is now the more interesting from its being
essentially the same as that recently and independently adopted by
Mortillet.
Beyond this, your father's notes reveal numerous other indications of
matters and phases of activity, of great interest in their bearings on
the history and progress of contemporary investigation, but these are
of a detailed and wholly technical order.
APPENDIX 2.
His administrative work as an officer of the Royal Society is described
in the following note by Sir Joseph Hooker:--
Mr. Huxley was appointed Joint-Secretary of the Royal Society, November
30, 1871, in succession to Dr. Sharpey, Sir George Airy being
President, and Professor (now Sir George) Stokes, Senior Secretary. He
held the office till November 30, 1880. The duties of the office are
manifold and heavy; they include attendance at all the meetings of the
Fellows, and of the councils, committees, and sub-committees of the
Society, and especially the supervision of the printing and
illustrating all papers on biological subjects that are published in
the Society's Transactions and Proceedings: the latter often involving
a protracted correspondence with the authors. To this must be added a
share in the supervision of the staff of officers, of the library and
correspondence, and the details of house-keeping.
The appointment was well-timed in the interest of the Society, for the
experience he had obtained as an officer in the Surveying Expedition of
Captain Stanley rendered his co-operation and advice of the greatest
value in the efforts which the Society had recently commenced to induce
the Government, through the Admiralty especially, to undertake the
physical and biological exploration of the ocean. It was but a few
months before his appointment that he had been placed upon a committee
of the Society, through which H.M.S. "Porcupine" was employed for this
purpose in the European seas, and negotiations had already been
commenced with the Admiralty for a voyage of circumnavigation with the
same objects, which eventuated in the "Challenger" Expedition.
In the first year of his appointment, the equipment of the
"Challenger", and selection of its officers, was entrusted to the Royal
Society, and in the preparation of the instructions to the naturalists
Mr. Huxley had a dominating responsibility. In the same year a
correspondence commenced with the India Office on the subject of
deep-sea dredging in the Indian Ocean (it came to nothing), and another
with the Royal Geographical Society on that of a North Polar
Expedition, which resulted in the Nares Expedition (1875). In 1873,
another with the Admiralty on the advisability of appointing
naturalists to accompany two of the expeditions about to be despatched
for observing the transit of Venus across the sun's disk in Mauritius
and Kerguelen, which resulted in three naturalists being appointed.
Arduous as was the correspondence devolving on the Biological
Secretary, through the instructing and instalment of these two
expeditions, it was as nothing compared with the official,
demi-official, and private, with the Government and individuals, that
arose from the Government request that the Royal Society should arrange
for the publication and distribution of the enormous collections
brought home by the above-named expedition. It is not too much to say
that Mr. Huxley had a voice in every detail of these publications. The
sittings of the Committee of Publication of the "Challenger" Expedition
collections (of which Sir J.D. Hooker was chairman, and Mr. Huxley the
most active member) were protracted from 1876 to 1895, and resulted in
the publication of fifty royal quarto volumes, with plates, maps,
sections, etc., the work of seventy-six authors, every shilling of the
expenditure on which (some 50,000 pounds) was passed under the
authority of the Committee of Publication.
Nor was Mr. Huxley less actively interested in the domestic affairs of
the Society. In 1873 the whole establishment was translated from the
building subsequently occupied by the Royal Academy to that which it
now inhabits in the same quadrangle; a flitting of library stuff and
appurtenances involving great responsibilities on the officers for the
satisfactory re-establishment of the whole institution. In 1874 a very
important alteration of the bye-laws was effected, whereby that which
gave to Peers the privilege of being proposed for election as Fellows,
without previous selection by the Committee (and to which bye-laws, as
may be supposed, Mr. Huxley was especially repugnant), was replaced by
one restricting that privilege to Privy Councillors. In 1875 he
actively supported a proposition for extending the interests taken in
the Society by holding annually a reception, to which the lady friends
of the Fellows who were interested in science should be invited to
inspect an exhibition of some of the more recent inventions,
appliances, and discoveries in science. And in the same year another
reform took place in which he was no less interested, which was the
abolition of the entrance fees for ordinary Fellows, which had proved a
bar to the coming forward of men of small incomes, but great eminence.
The loss of income to the Society from this was met by a subscription
of no less than 10,666 pounds, raised almost entirely amongst the
Fellows themselves for the purpose.
In 1876 a responsibility, that fell heavily on the Secretaries, was the
allotment annually of a grant by the Treasury of 4000 pounds, to be
expended, under the direction of the Royal and other learned societies,
on the advancement of science. (It is often called a grant to the Royal
Society. This is an error. The Royal Society, as such, in no way
participates in this grant. The Society makes grants from funds in its
own possession only.) Every detail of the business of this grant is
undertaken by a large committee of the Royal and other scientific
societies, which meets in the Society's rooms, and where all the
business connected with the grant is conducted and the records kept.
APPENDIX 3.
LIST OF ESSAYS, BOOKS, AND SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS, BY T.H. HUXLEY.
ESSAYS.
"The Darwinian Hypothesis." ("Times" December 26, 1859.) "Collected
Essays" 2.
"On the Educational Value of the Natural History Sciences." (An Address
delivered at St. Martin's Hall, on July 22, 1854, and published as a
pamphlet in that year.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"Time and Life." ("Macmillan's Magazine" December 1859.)
"The Origin of Species." (The "Westminster Review" April 1860.) "Lay
Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 2.
"A Lobster: or the Study of Zoology." (A Lecture delivered at the South
Kensington Museum in 1861, and subsequently published by the Department
of Science and Art. Original title, "On the Study of Zoology.") "Lay
Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 8.
"Geological Contemporaneity and Persistent Types of Life." (The
Anniversary Address to the Geological Society for 1862.) "Lay Sermons";
"Collected Essays" 8.
"Six Lectures to Working Men on Our Knowledge of the Causes of the
Phenomena of Organic Nature, 1863." "Collected Essays" 2.
"Man's Place in Nature," see List of Books. Republished, "Collected
Essays" 7.
"Criticisms on 'The Origin of Species.'" (The "Natural History Review"
1864.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"Emancipation--Black and White." (The "Reader" May 20, 1865.) "Lay
Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"On the Methods and Results of Ethnology." (The "Fortnightly Review"
1865.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 7.
"On the Advisableness of Improving Natural Knowledge." (A Lay Sermon
delivered in St. Martin's Hall, January 7, 1866, and subsequently
published in the "Fortnightly Review".) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected
Essays" 1.
"A Liberal Education: and where to find it." (An Address to the South
London Working Men's College, delivered January 4, 1868, and
subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons";
"Collected Essays" 3.
"On a Piece of Chalk." (A Lecture delivered to the working men of
Norwich, during the meeting of the British Association, in 1868.
Subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons";
"Collected Essays" 8.
"On the Physical Basis of Life." (A Lay Sermon, delivered in Edinburgh,
on Sunday, November 8, 1868, at the request of the late Reverend James
Cranbrook; subsequently published in the "Fortnightly Review".) "Lay
Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 1.
"The Scientific Aspects of Positivism." (A Reply to Mr. Congreve's
Attack upon the Preceding Paper. Published in the "Fortnightly Review"
1869.) "Lay Sermons".
"The Genealogy of Animals." (A Review of Haeckel's "Naturliche
Schopfungs-Geschichte". The "Academy" 1869.) "Critiques and Addresses";
"Collected Essays" 2.
"Geological Reform." (The Anniversary Address to the Geological Society
for 1869.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 8.
"Scientific Education: Notes of an After-Dinner Speech." (Delivered
before the Liverpool Philomathic Society in April 1869, and
subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons";
"Collected Essays" 3.
"On Descartes' 'Discourse touching the Method of using one's Reason
rightly, and of seeking Scientific Truth.'" (An Address to the
Cambridge Young Men's Christian Society, delivered on March 24, 1870,
and subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons";
"Collected Essays" 1.
"On some Fixed Points in British Ethnology." (The "Contemporary Review"
July 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 7.
"Biogenesis and Abiogenesis." (The Presidential Address to the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, 1870.) "Critiques and
Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 8.
"Paleontology and the Doctrine of Evolution." (The Presidential Address
to the Geological Society, 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected
Essays" 8.
"On Medical Education." (An Address to the Students of the Faculty of
Medicine in University College, London, 1870.) "Critiques and
Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"On Coral and Coral Reefs." ("Good Words" 1870.) "Critiques and
Addresses".
"The School Boards: What they can do, and what they may do." (The
"Contemporary Review" December 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses";
"Collected Essays" 3.
"Administrative Nihilism." (An Address delivered to the Members of the
Midland Institute, on October 9, 1871, and subsequently published in
the "Fortnightly Review".) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected
Essays" 1.
"Mr. Darwin's Critics." (The "Contemporary Review" November 1871.)
"Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 2.
"On the Formation of Coal." (A Lecture delivered before the Members of
the Bradford Philosophical Institution, December 29, 1871, and
subsequently published in the "Contemporary Review".) "Critiques and
Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 8.
"Yeast." (The "Contemporary Review" December 1871.) "Critiques and
Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 8.
"Bishop Berkeley on the Metaphysics of Sensation." ("Macmillan's
Magazine" June 1871.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 6.
"The Problems of the Deep Sea" (1873). "Collected Essays" 8.
"Universities: Actual and Ideal." (The Inaugural Address of the Lord
Rector of the University of Aberdeen, February 27, 1874. "Contemporary
Review" 1874.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"Joseph Priestley." (An Address delivered on the Occasion of the
Presentation of a Statue of Priestley to the Town of Birmingham on
August 1, 1874.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, and its History." (An
Address delivered at the Meeting of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, at Belfast, 1874.) "Science and Culture";
"Collected Essays" 1.
"On some of the Results of the Expedition of H.M.S. 'Challenger'" 1875.
"Collected Essays" 8.
"On the Border Territory between the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms."
(An Evening Lecture at the Royal Institution, Friday, January 28, 1876.
"Macmillan's Magazine" 1876.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays"
8.
"Three Lectures on Evolution." (New York, September 18, 20, 22, 1876.)
"American Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 4.
"Address on University Education." (Delivered at the opening of the
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, September 12, 1876.) "American
Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"On the Study of Biology." (A Lecture in connection with the Loan
Collection of Scientific Apparatus at South Kensington Museum, December
16, 1876.) "American Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"Elementary Instruction in Physiology." (Read at the Meeting of the
Domestic Economy Congress at Birmingham, 1877.) "Science and Culture";
"Collected Essays" 3.
"Technical Education." (An Address delivered to the Working Men's Club
and Institute, December 1, 1877.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected
Essays" 3.
"Evolution in Biology." (The "Encyclopaedia Britannica" ninth edition
volume 8 1878.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 2.
"Hume," 1878. "Collected Essays" 6. See also under "Books."
"On Sensation and the Unity of Structure of the Sensiferous Organs."
(An Evening Lecture at the Royal Institution, Friday, March 7, 1879.)
"Nineteenth Century" April 1879. "Science and Culture"; "Collected
Essays" 6.
"Prefatory Note to the Translation of E. Haeckel's Freedom in Science
and Teaching," 1879. (Kegan Paul.)
"On Certain Errors respecting the Structure of the Heart attributed to
Aristotle." "Nature" November 6, 1879. "Science and Culture".
"The Coming of Age of 'The Origin of Species.'" (An Evening Lecture at
the Royal Institution, Friday, April 9, 1880.) "Science and Culture";
"Collected Essays" 2.
"On the Method of Zadig." (A Lecture delivered at the Working Men's
College, Great Ormond Street, 1880. "Nineteenth Century" June 1880.)
"Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 4.
"Science and Culture." (An Address delivered at the Opening of Sir
Josiah Mason's Science College at Birmingham on October 1, 1880.)
"Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"The Connection of the Biological Sciences with Medicine." (An Address
delivered at the Meeting of the International Medical Congress in
London, August 9, 1881.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.
"The Rise and Progress of Paleontology." (An Address delivered at the
York Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science,
1881.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.
"Charles Darwin." (Obituary Notice in "Nature", April 1882.) "Collected
Essays" 2.
"On Science and Art in Relation to Education." (An Address to the
Members of the Liverpool Institution, 1882.) "Collected Essays" 3.
"The State and the Medical Profession." (The Opening Address at the
London Hospital Medical School, 1884.) "Collected Essays" 3.
"The Darwin Memorial." (A Speech delivered at the Unveiling of the
Darwin Statue at South Kensington, June 9, 1885.) "Collected Essays" 2.
"The Interpreters of Genesis and the Interpreters of Nature."
("Nineteenth Century", December 1885.) "Controverted Questions";
"Collected Essays" 4.
"Mr. Gladstone and Genesis." ("Nineteenth Century", February 1886.)
"Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.
"The Evolution of Theology: An Anthropological Study." ("Nineteenth
Century", March and April 1886.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected
Essays" 4.
"Science and Morals." ("Fortnightly Review" November 1886.)
"Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 9.
"Scientific and Pseudo-Scientific Realism." ("Nineteenth Century",
February 1887.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"Science and Pseudo-Science." ("Nineteenth Century", April 1887.)
"Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"An Episcopal Trilogy." ("Nineteenth Century", November 1887.)
"Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"Address on behalf of the National Association for the Promotion of
Technical Education" (1887). "Collected Essays" 3.
"The Progress of Science" (1887). (Reprinted from "The Reign of Queen
Victoria", by T.H. Ward.) "Collected Essays" 1.
"Darwin Obituary." ("Proceedings of the Royal Society" 1888.)
"Collected Essays" 2.
"The Struggle for Existence in Human Society." ("Nineteenth Century",
February 1888.) "Collected Essays" 9.
"Agnosticism." ("Nineteenth Century", February 1889.) "Controverted
Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"The Value of Witness to the Miraculous." ("Nineteenth Century", March
1889.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"Agnosticism: A Rejoinder." ("Nineteenth Century", April 1889.)
"Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"Agnosticism and Christianity." ("Nineteenth Century", June 1889.)
"Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"The Natural Inequality of Men." ("Nineteenth Century". January 1890.)
"Collected Essays" 1.
"Natural Rights and Political Rights." ("Nineteenth Century", February
1890.) "Collected Essays" 1.
"Capital, the Mother of Labour." ("Nineteenth Century", March 1890.)
"Collected Essays" 9.
"Government: Anarchy or Regimentation." ("Nineteenth Century", May
1890.) "Collected Essays" 1.
"The Lights of the Church and the Light of Science." ("Nineteenth
Century", July 1890.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.
"The Aryan Question." ("Nineteenth Century", November 1890.) "Collected
Essays" 7.
"The Keepers of the Herd of Swine." ("Nineteenth Century", December
1890.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"Autobiography." (1890, "Collected Essays" 1.) This originally appeared
with a portrait in a series of biographical sketches by C. Engel.
"Illustrations of Mr. Gladstone's Controversial Methods." ("Nineteenth
Century", March 1891). "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"Hasisadra's Adventure." ("Nineteenth Century", June 1891.)
"Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.
"Possibilities and Impossibilities." (The "Agnostic Annual" for 1892.)
1891, "Collected Essays" 5.
"Social Diseases and Worse Remedies." (1891.) Letters to the "Times",
December 1890 and January 1891. Published in pamphlet form (Macmillan &
Co.) 1891. "Collected Essays" 9.
"An Apologetic Irenicon." ("Fortnightly Review", November 1892.)
"Prologue to 'Controverted Questions'" (1892). "Controverted
Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.
"Evolution and Ethics," being the Romanes Lecture for 1893. Also
"Prolegomena," 1894. "Collected Essays" 9.
"Owen's Position in the History of Anatomical Science," being a chapter
in the "Life of Sir Richard Owen", by his grandson, the Reverend
Richard Owen (1894). "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
BOOKS.
"Kolliker's Manual of Human Histology". (Translated and edited by T.H.
Huxley and G. Busk), 1853.
"Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature," 1863.
"Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy" (one volume only
published), 1864.
"Elementary Atlas of Comparative Osteology" (in 12 plates), 1864.
"Lessons in Elementary Physiology." First edition printed 1866; second
edition, 1868; reprinted 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872 (twice); third edition,
1872; reprinted 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1878, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1884
(six times); fourth edition, 1885; reprinted 1886, 1888, 1890, 1892,
1893 (twice), 1896, 1898.
"An Introduction to the Classification of Animals," 1869.
"Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews." First edition printed 1870;
second edition, 1871; reprinted 1871, 1872, 1874, 1877, 1880, 1883;
third edition, 1887; reprinted 1891, 1893 (twice), 1895, 1899.
"Essays Selected from Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews." First
edition, 1871; reprinted 1874, 1877.
"Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals," 1871 (Churchill).
"Critiques and Addresses." First edition printed 1873; reprinted 1883
and 1890.
"A Course of Practical Instruction in Elementary Biology." By Professor
Huxley and Dr. H.N. Martin. First edition printed 1875; second edition,
1876; reprinted 1877 (twice), 1879 (twice), 1881, 1882, 1883, 1885,
1886 (three times), 1887; third edition, edited by Messrs. Howes and
Scott, 1887; reprinted 1889, 1892, 1898.
"American Addresses." First edition printed 1877; reprinted 1886.
"Anatomy of Invertebrated Animals," 1877.
"Physiography." First edition, 1877; reprinted 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880,
1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885 (three times), 1887, 1888, 1890, 1891,
1893, 1897.
"Hume." English Men of Letters Series. First edition printed 1878;
reprinted 1879 (twice), 1881, 1886, 1887, 1895.
"The Crayfish: an Introduction to the Study of Zoology," 1879.
"Evolution and Ethics." First edition printed 1893; reprinted 1893
(three times); second edition, 1893 third edition, 1893; reprinted 1894.
"Introductory Science Primer." First edition printed 1880; reprinted
1880, 1886, 1888, 1889 (twice), 1893, 1895, 1899.
"Science and Culture, and other Essays." First edition printed 1881;
reprinted 1882, 1888.
"Social Diseases and Worse Remedies." First edition printed 1891;
reprinted, with additions, 1891 (twice).
"Essays on some Controverted Questions." Printed in 1892.
Collected Essays. Volume 1. "Method and Results." First edition printed
1893; reprinted 1894, 1898.
Volume 2. "Darwiniana." First edition printed 1893; reprinted 1894.
Volume 3. "Science and Education." First edition printed 1893;
reprinted 1895.
Volume 4. "Science and Hebrew Tradition." First edition printed 1893;
reprinted 1895, 1898.
Volume 5. "Science and Christian Tradition." First edition printed
1894; reprinted 1895, 1897.
Volume 6. "Hume, with Helps to the Study of Berkeley." First edition
printed 1894; reprinted 1897.
Volume 7. "Man's Place in Nature." First printed for Macmillan and Co.
in 1894; reprinted 1895, 1897.
Volume 8. "Discourses, Biological and Geological." First edition
printed 1894; reprinted 1896.
Volume 9. "Evolution and Ethics and other Essays." First edition
printed 1894; reprinted 1895, 1898.
"Scientific Memoirs," volume 1 printed 1898, volume 2 printed 1899,
volume 3 1901, volume 4 1902.
SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS.
"On a Hitherto Undescribed Structure in the Human Hair Sheath," "London
Medical Gazette" 1 1340 (July 1845).
"Examination of the Corpuscles of the Blood of Amphioxus Lanceolatus,"
"British Association Report" (1847), part 2 95; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Description of the Animal of Trigonia," "Proceedings of the Zoological
Society" volume 17. (1849), 30-32; also in "Annals and Magazine of
Natural History" 5 (1850), 141-143; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Anatomy and the Affinities of the Family of the Medusae,"
"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" (1849), part 2 413;
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Notes on Medusae and Polypes," "Annals and Magazine of Natural
History" 6 (1850), 66, 67; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Observations sur la Circulation du Sang chez les Mollusques des Genres
Firole et Atlante." (Extraites d'une lettre adressee a M.
Milne-Edwards.) "Annales des Sciences Naturelles" 14 (1850), 193-195;
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Observations upon the Anatomy and Physiology of Salpa and Pyrosoma,"
"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" (1851) part 2
567-594; also in "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 9 (1852),
242-244; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Remarks upon Appendicularia and Doliolum, two Genera of the Tunicata,"
"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" (1851), part 2
595-606; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Zoological Notes and Observations made on board H.M.S. "Rattlesnake"
during the years 1846-1850" "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 7
series 2. (1851), 304-306, 370-374; volume 8 433-442: "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"Observations on the Genus Sagitta," "British Association Report"
(1851) part 2 77, 78 (sectional transactions); "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"An Account of Researches into the Anatomy of the Hydrostatic
Acalephae," "British Association Report" (July 1851) part 2 78-80
(sectional transactions); "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Description of a New Form of Sponge-like Animal," "British Association
Report" (July 1851) part 2 80 (sectional transactions); "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"Report upon the Researches of Professor Muller into the Anatomy and
Development of the Echinoderms" "Annals and Magazine of Natural
History" series 2 volume 8 (1851) 1-19; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Ueber die Sexualorgane der Diphydae und Physophoridae" Muller's
"Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie, und Wissenschaftliche Medicin"
(1851) 380-384. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Lacinularia Socialis: A Contribution to the Anatomy and Physiology of
the Rotifera," "Transactions of the Micr. Society" London, new series 1
(1853) 1-19; (Read December 31, 1851). "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Upon Animal Individuality," "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 1
(1851-54), 184-189. (Abstract of a Friday evening discourse delivered
on 30th April 1852.) "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Morphology of the Cephalous Mollusca, as Illustrated by the
Anatomy of certain Heteropoda and Pteropoda collected during the voyage
of H.M.S. 'Rattlesnake' in 1846-50" "Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society" 143 (1853) part 1 29-66. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Researches into the Structure of the Ascidians," "British Association
Report" (1852) part 2 76-77. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Anatomy and Development of Echinococcus Veterinorum"
"Proceedings of the Zoological Society" 20 (1852) 110-126. "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"On the Identity of Structure of Plants and Animals"; Abstract of a
Friday evening discourse delivered at the Royal Institution on April
15, 1853; "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 1 (1851-54) 298-302;
"Edinburgh New Phil. Journal" 53 (1852) 172-177. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Observations on the Existence of Cellulose in the Tunic of Ascidians"
"Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 1 1853; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Development of the Teeth, and on the Nature and Import of
Nasmyth's 'Persistent Capsule'" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 1 1853.
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"The Cell-Theory (Review)" "British and For. Med. Chir. Review" 12
(1853) 285-314. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Vascular System of the Lower Annulosa" "British Association
Report" (1854) part 2 page 109. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Common Plan of Animal Forms" (Abstract of a Friday evening
discourse delivered at the Royal Institution on May 12, 1854.)
"Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 1 (1851-54) 444-446. "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"On the Structure and Relation of the Corpuscula Tactus (Tactile
Corpuscles or Axile Corpuscles) and of the Pacinian Bodies" "Quarterly
Journal Micr. S." 2 (1853) 1-7. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Ultimate Structure and Relations of the Malpighian Bodies of
the Spleen and of the Tonsillar Follicles" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S."
2 (1854) 74-82. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On certain Zoological Arguments commonly adduced in favour of the
Hypothesis of the Progressive Development of Animal Life in Time."
(Abstract of a Friday evening discourse delivered on April 20, 1855.)
"Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 2 (1854-58) 82-85. "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"On Natural History as Knowledge, Discipline, and Power" "Royal
Institution Proceedings" 2 (1854-58) 187-195. (Abstract of a discourse
delivered on Friday, February 15, 1856.) "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Present State of Knowledge as to the Structure and Functions of
Nerve" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 2 (1854-58) 432-437.
(Abstract of a discourse delivered on Friday, May 15, 1857.)
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
(Translation) "On Tape and Cystic Worms" von Siebold (1857) for the
Sydenham Society.
"Contributions to Icones Zootomicae" by Victor Carus (1857).
"On the Phenomena of Gemmation" (Abstract of a discourse delivered on
Friday, May 21, 1858.) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 2
(1854-58) 534-538; "Silliman's Journal" 28 (1859) 206-209. "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"Contributions to the Anatomy of the Brachiopoda" "Proceedings of the
Royal Society" 7 (1854-55) 106-117; 241, 242. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On Hermaphrodite and Fissiparous Species of Tubicolar Annelidae
(Protula Dysteri)" "Edin. New Phil. Journal" 1 (1855) 113-129.
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Structure of Noctiluca Miliaris" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 3
(1855) 49-54. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Enamel and Dentine of the Teeth" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 3
(1855) 127-130. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Memoir on Physalia" "Proceedings of the Linnean Society" 2 (1855) 3-5.
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Anatomy of Diphyes, and on the Unity of Composition of the
Diphyidae and Physophoridae, etc." "Proceedings of the Linnean Society"
2 (1855) 67-69. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Tegumentary Organs" "The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology" edited
by Robert B. Todd, M.D., F.R.S. (The fascicules containing this article
were published between August 1855 and October 1856.) "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"On the Method of Palaeontology" "Annals and Magazine of Natural
History" 18 (1856) 43-54. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Crustacean Stomach" "Journal Linnean Society" 4 1856. (Never
finally written.)
"Observations on the Structure and Affinities of Himantopterus"
"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 12 (1856) 34-37.
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Further Observations on the Structure of Appendicula Flabellum
(Chamisso)" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 4 (1856) 181-191. "Scientific
Memoirs" 1.
"Note on the Reproductive Organs of the Cheilostome Polyzoa" "Quarterly
Journal Micr. S." 4 (1856) 191, 192. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Description of a New Crustacean (Pygocephalus Cooperi, Huxley) from
the Coal-measures" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 13
(1857) 363-369. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On Dysteria, a New Genus of Infusoria" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 5
(1857) 78-82. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Review of Dr. Hannover's Memoir: "Ueber die Entwickelung und den Bau
des Saugethierzahns" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 5 (1857) 166-171.
"Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Letter to Mr. Tyndall on the Structure of Glacier Ice" "Phil.
Magazine" 14 (1857) 241-260. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On Cephalaspis and Pteraspis" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological
Society" 14 (1858) 267-280. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"Observations on the Genus Pteraspis" "British Association Report"
(1858) part 2 82, 83. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On a New Species of Plesiosaurus (P. Etheridgii) from Street, near
Glastonbury; with Remarks on the Structure of the Atlas and the Axis
Vertebrae and of the Cranium in that Genus" "Quarterly Journal of the
Geological Society" 14 (1853) 281-94. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Theory of the Vertebrate Skull" "Proceedings of the Royal
Society" 9 (1857-59) 381-457; "Annals and Magazine of Natural History"
3 (1859) 414-39. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.
"On the Structure and Motion of Glaciers" "Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society" 147 (1857) 327-346. (Received and read January
15, 1857.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Agamic Reproduction and Morphology of Aphis" "Transactions of
the Linnean Society" 22 (1858) 193-220, 221-236. (Read November 5,
1857.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On Some Points in the Anatomy of Nautilus Pompilius" "Journal of the
Linnean Society" 3 (1859) (Zoology) 36-44. (Read June 3, 1858.)
"Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Persistent Types of Animal Life" "Proceedings of the Royal
Institution of Great Britain" 3 (1858-62) 151-153. (Friday, June 3,
1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Stagonolepis Robertsoni (Agassiz) of the Elgin Sandstones; and
on the Recently Discovered Footmarks in the Sandstones of Cummingstone"
"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 440-460.
"Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On Some Amphibian and Reptilian Remains from South Africa and
Australia" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859)
642-649. (Read March 3, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On a New Species of Dicynodon (D. Murrayi) from near Colesberg, South
Africa; and on the Structure of the Skull in the Dicynodonts"
"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 649-658. (Read
March 23, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On Rhamphorhynchus Bucklandi, a Pterosaurian from the Stonesfield
Slate" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 658-670.
(Read March 23, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On a Fossil Bird and a Fossil Cetacean from New Zealand" "Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 670-677. (Read March 23,
1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Dermal Armour of Crocodilus Hastingsiae" "Quarterly Journal of
the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 678-680. (Read March 23, 1859.)
"Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"British Fossils" part 1 "On the Anatomy and Affinities of the Genus
Pterygotus" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom"
Monograph 1 (1859) 1-36. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"British Fossils" part 2. "Description of the Species of Pterygotus" by
J.W. Salter, F.G.S., A.L.S., "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the
United Kingdom" Monograph 1 (1859) 37-105. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On Dasyceps Bucklandi (Labyrinthodon Bucklandi, Lloyd)" "Memoir of the
Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" (1859) 52-56. "Scientific
Memoirs" 2.
"On a Fragment of a Lower Jaw of a Large Labyrinthodont from
Cubbington" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom"
(1859) 56-57. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"Observations on the Development of Some Parts of the Skeleton of
Fishes" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 7 (1859) 33-46. "Scientific
Memoirs" 2.
"On the Dermal Armour of Jacare and Caiman, with Notes on the Specific
and Generic Characters of Recent Crocodilia" "Journal of the Linnean
Society" 4 (1860) (Zoology) 1-28. (Read February 15, 1859.) "Scientific
Memoirs" 2.
"On the Anatomy and Development of Pyrosoma" "Transactions of the
Linnean Society" 23. (1862) 193-250. (Read December 1, 1859.)
"Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Oceanic Hydrozoa" "Ray Society" (1859).
"On Species and Races, and Their Origin" (1860) "Proceedings of the
Royal Institution" 3 (1858-62) 195-200; "Annals and Magazine of Natural
History" 5 (1860) 344-346. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Structure of the Mouth and Pharynx of the Scorpion" "Quarterly
Journal Micr. S." 8 (1860) 250-254. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Nature of the Earliest Stages of the Development of Animals"
"Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 3 (1858-62) 315-317. (February
8, 1861.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On a New Species of Macrauchenia (M. Boliviensis)" "Quarterly Journal
of the Geological Society" 17 (1861) 73-84. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On Pteraspis Dunensis (Archaeoteuthis Dunensis, Romer)" "Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society" 17 (1861) 163-166. "Scientific
Memoirs" 2.
"Preliminary Essay upon the Systematic Arrangement of the Fishes of the
Devonian Epoch" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom"
"Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains" (1861 Decade x)
41-46. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"Glyptolaemus Kinnairdi" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United
Kingdom" "Figures and Descriptions of British and Organic Remains"
(1861 Decade x) 41-56. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"Phaneropleuron Andersoni" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the
United Kingdom" "Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains"
(1861 Decade x) 47-49. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Zoological Relations of Man with the Lower Animals" "Natural
History Review" (1861) 67-84. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Brain of Ateles Paniscus" "Proceedings of the Zoological
Society" (1861) 247-260. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On Fossil Remains of Man" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution"
(1858-62) 420-422. (February 7, 1862.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"Anniversary Address to the Geological Society, 1862" "Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society" 18 (1862) 40-54. See also in list of
Essays "Geological Contemporaneity, etc." "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the New Labyrinthodonts from the Edinburgh Coalfield" "Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society" 18 (1862) 291-296. "Scientific
Memoirs" 2.
"On a Stalk-eyed Crustacean from the Carboniferous Strata near Paisley"
"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 18 (1862) 420-422.
"Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Premolar Teeth of Diprotodon, and on a New Species of that
Genus (D. Australis)" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 18
(1862) 422-427. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"Description of a New Specimen of Glyptodon recently acquired by the
Royal College of Surgeons" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 12
(1862-63) 316-326. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"Letter on the Human Remains found in Shell-mounds" (June 28, 1862)
"Transactions of the Ethnological Society" 2. (1863) 265-266.
"Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"Description of Anthracosaurus Russelli, a New Labyrinthodont from the
Lanarkshire Coal-field" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society"
19 (1863) 56-68. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Form of the Placenta in the Cape Hyrax" "Proceedings of the
Zoological Society" (1863) page 237. (The paper was never written in
full; the materials and an unfinished drawing of the membranes are at
South Kensington.)
"Further Remarks upon the Human Remains from the Neanderthal" "Natural
History Review" (1864) 429-446. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.
"On the Angwantibo (Arctocebus Calabarensis, Gray) of Old Calabar"
"Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1864) 314-335. "Scientific
Memoirs" 2.
"On the Structure of the Skull of Man, the Gorilla, the Chimpanzee, and
the Orang-Utan, during the period of the first dentition" "Proceedings
of the Zoological Society" (1864) page 586. (This paper was never
written in full, but was incorporated in "Man's Place in Nature.")
"On the Cetacean Fossils termed 'Ziphius' by Cuvier, with a Notice of a
New Species (Belemnoziphius Compressus) from the Red Crag" "Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society" 20 (1864) 388-396. "Scientific
Memoirs" 3.
"On the Structure of the Belemnitidae" "Memoir of the Geological Survey
of the United Kingdom" Monograph 2 (1864). "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Osteology of the Genus Glyptodon" (1864) "Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society" 155 (1865) 31-70. "Scientific
Memoirs" 3.
"On the Structure of the Stomach in Desmodus Rufus" "Proceedings of the
Zoological Society" (1865) 386-390. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On a Collection of Vertebrate Fossils from the Panchet Rocks,
Ranigunj, Bengal" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of India";
"Palaeontologica Indica" series 4; "Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata" 1
(1865-85). "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Methods and Results of Ethnology" (1865) "Proceedings of the
Royal Institution" 4 (1866) 460-463. "Scientific Memoirs" 3. See also
"Collected Essays" 7.
"Explanatory Preface to the Catalogue of the Palaeontological
Collection in the Museum of Practical Geology" (1865). "Scientific
Memoirs" 3. See "Principles and Methods of Paleontology" 1869.
"On Two Extreme Forms of Human Crania" "Anthropological Review" 4
(1866) 404-406.
"On a Collection of Vertebrate Remains from the Jarrow Colliery,
Kilkenny, Ireland" "Geological Magazine" 3 (1866) 165-171. "Scientific
Memoirs" 3.
"On some Remains of Large Dinosaurian Reptiles from the Stormberg
Mountains, South Africa" "Phil. Magazine" 32 (1866) 474-475; "Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society" 23 (1867) 1-6. "Scientific Memoirs"
3.
"On a New Specimen of Telerpeton Elginense" (1866) "Quarterly Journal
of the Geological Society" 23 (1867) 77-84. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Notes on the Human Remains of Caithness" (1866) in the "Prehistoric
Remains of Caithness" by S. Laing.
"On Two Widely Contrasted Forms of the Human Cranium" "Journal of
Anatomy and Physiology" 1 (1867) 60-77. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On Acanthopholis Horridus, a New Reptile from the Chalk-Marl"
"Geological Magazine" 4 (1867) 65-67. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Classification of Birds; and on the Taxonomic Value of the
Modifications of certain of the Cranial Bones observable in that Class"
"Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1867) 415-472. "Scientific
Memoirs" 3.
"On the Animals which are most nearly Intermediate between Birds and
Reptiles" "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 2 (1868) 66-75.
"Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On Saurosternon Bainii and Pristerodon M'Kayi, two New Fossil
Lacertilian Reptiles from South Africa" "Geological Magazine" 5 (1868)
201-205. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Reply to Objections on my Classification of Birds" "Ibis" 4 (1868)
357-362.
"On the Form of the Cranium among the Patagonians and Fuegians, with
some Remarks upon American Crania in general" "Journal of Anatomy and
Physiology" 2 (1868) 253-271. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On some Organisms living at Great Depths in the North Atlantic Ocean"
"Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 8 (1868) 203-212. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Remarks upon Archaeopteryx Lithographica" "Proceedings of the Royal
Society" 16 (1868) 243-248. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Classification and Distribution of the Alectoromorphae and
Heteromorphae" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1868) 294-319.
"Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On Hyperodapedon" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 25
(1869) 138-152. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On a New Labyrinthodont (Pholiderpeton Scutigerum) from Bradford"
"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 25 (1869) 309-310.
"Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Upper Jaw of Megalosaurus" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological
Society" 25 (1869) 311-314. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Principles and Methods of Paleontology" (Written in 1865 as the
Introduction to the Collection of Fossils at Jermyn Street.)
"Smithsonian Report" (1869) 363-388. See above (1865).
"On the Representatives of the Malleus and the Incus of Mammalia in the
Other Vertebrata" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1869)
391-407. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Address to the Geological Society, 1869" "Quarterly Journal of the
Geological Society" 25 (1869) 28-53. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Ethnology and Archaeology of India" (Opening Address of the
President, March 9, 1869.) "Journal of the Ethnological Society of
London" 1 (1869) 89-93. (Delivered March 9, 1869.) "Scientific Memoirs"
3.
"On the Ethnology and Archeology of North America" (Address of the
President, April 13, 1869.) "Journal of the Ethnological Society of
London" 1 (1869) 218-221. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On Hypsilophodon Foxii, a New Dinosaurian from the Wealden of the Isle
of Wight" (1869) "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 26
(1870) 3-12. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Further Evidence of the Affinity between the Dinosaurian Reptiles and
Birds" (1869) "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 26 (1870)
12-31. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Classification of the Dinosauria, with Observations on the
Dinosauria of the Trias" (1869) "Quarterly Journal of the Geological
Society" 26 (1870) 32-50. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Ethnology of Britain" "Journal of the Ethnological Society of
London" 2 (1870) 382-384. (Delivered May 10, 1870). "Scientific
Memoirs" 3.
"The Anniversary Address of the President" "Journal of the Ethnological
Society of London" new series 2 (1870) 16-24 (May 24, 1870).
"Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of
Mankind" "Journal of the Ethnological Society of London" new series 2
(1870) 404-412. (June 7, 1870.) "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On a New Labyrinthodont from Bradford" With a Note on its Locality and
Stratigraphical Position by Louis C. Miall "Phil. Magazine" 39 (1870)
385.
"Anniversary Address to the Geological Society, 1870" "Quarterly
Journal of the Geological Society" 26 (1870) 29-64. ("Paleontology and
the Doctrine of Evolution") "Collected Essays" 8 340. "Scientific
Memoirs" 3.
"Address to the British Association at Liverpool" "British Association
Report" 40 (1870) 73-89. "Collected Essays" 8. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Milk Dentition of Palaeotherium Magnum" "Geological Magazine" 7
(1870) 153-155. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Triassic Dinosauria" "Nature" 1 (1870) 23-24. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On the Maxilla of Megalosaurus" "Phil. Magazine" 39 (1870) 385-386.
"On the Relations of Penicillium, Torula, and Bacterium" "Quarterly
Journal Micr. S." 10 (1870) 355-362. (A Report by another hand of an
Address given at the British Association, the views expressed in which
were afterwards set aside.) "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"On a Collection of Fossil Vertebrata from the Jarrow Colliery, County
of Kilkenny, Ireland" "Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy" 24
(1871) 351-370.
"Yeast" "Contemporary Review" December 1871. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.
"Note on the Development of the Columella Auris in the Amphibia"
"British Association Report" 1874 (section) 141-142; "Nature" 11 (1875)
68-69. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Structure of the Skull and of the Heart of Menobranchus
Lateralis" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1874) 186-204.
"Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, and its History" "Nature"
10 (1874) 362-366. See also list of Essays.
"Preliminary Note upon the Brain and Skull of Amphioxus Lanceolatus"
(1874) "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 23 (1875). "Scientific
Memoirs" 4.
"On the Bearing of the Distribution of the Portio Dura upon the
Morphology of the Skull" (1874) "Proceedings of the Cambridge Phil.
Society" 2 (1876) 348-349. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Classification of the Animal Kingdom" (1874) "Journal of the
Linnean Society" (Zoology) 12 (1876) 199-226. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Recent Work of the 'Challenger' Expedition, and its Bearing on
Geological Problems" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 7 (1875)
354-357. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On Stagonolepis Robertsoni, and on the Evolution of the Crocodilia"
"Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 31 (1875) 423-438.
"Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"Contributions to Morphology. Ichthyopsida.--Number 1. On Ceradotus
Forsteri, with Observations on the Classification of Fishes"
"Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1876) 24-59. "Scientific
Memoirs" 4.
"On the Position of the Anterior Nasal Apertures in Lepidosiren"
"Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1876) 180-181. "Scientific
Memoirs" 4.
"On the Nature of the Cranio-Facial Apparatus of Petromyzon" "Journal
of Anatomy and Physiology" 10 (1876) 412-429. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"The Border Territory between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms"
(1876) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 8 (1879) 28-34.
"Macmillan's Magazine" 33 373-384. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Evidence as to the Origin of Existing Vertebrate Animals"
"Nature" 13 (1876) 388-389, 410-412, 429-430, 467-469, 514-516; 14
(1876) 33-34. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"The Crocodilian Remains in the Elgin Sandstones, with remarks on the
Ichnites of Cummingstone" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the
United Kingdom" Monograph 3 1877 (58 pages and 16 plates). "Scientific
Memoirs" 4.
"On the Study of Biology" "Nature" 15 (1877) 219-224; "American
Naturalist" 11 (1877) 210-221. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Geological History of Birds" (March 2, 1877) "Proceedings of
the Royal Institution" 8 347. [The substance of this paper is contained
in the "New York Lectures on Evolution" 1876; see page 440.]
"Address to the Anthropological Department of the British Association,
Dublin, 1878. Informal Remarks on the Conclusions of Anthropology"
"British Association Report" 1878 573-578. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Classification and the Distribution of the Crayfishes"
"Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1878) 752-788. "Scientific
Memoirs" 4.
"On a New Arrangement for Dissecting Microscopes" (1878) the
President's Address "Journal of the Quekett Micr. Club" 5 (1878-79)
144-145. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"William Harvey" (1878) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 8 (1879)
485-500. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Characters of the Pelvis in the Mammalia, and the Conclusions
respecting the Origin of Mammals which may be based on them"
"Proceedings of the Royal Society" 28 (1879) 295-405. "Scientific
Memoirs" 4.
"Sensation and the Unity of Structure of Sensiferous Organs" (1879)
"Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 9 (1882) 115-124. See also
"Collected Essays" 6. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"The President's Address" (July 25, 1879) "Journal of the Quekett Micr.
Club" 5 (1878-79) 250-255. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On certain Errors respecting the Structure of the Heart, attributed to
Aristotle" (1879) "Nature" 21 (1880) 1-5. See also "Science and
Culture". "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Epipubis in the Dog and Fox" "Proceedings of the Royal Society"
30 (1880) 162-163. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"The Coming of Age of 'The Origin of Species'" (1880) "Proceedings of
the Royal Institution" 9 (1882) 361-368. See also "Collected Essays" 2.
"Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Cranial and Dental Characters of the Canidae" "Proceedings of
the Zoological Society" (1880) 238-288. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Application of the Laws of Evolution to the Arrangement of the
Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia" "Proceedings of the
Zoological Society" (1880) 649-662. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"The Herring" "Nature" 23 (1881) 607-613. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"Address to the International Medical Congress" London 1881--"The
Connection of the Biological Sciences with Medicine" "Nature" 24 (1881)
342-346. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"The Rise and Progress of Paleontology" "Nature" 24 (1881) 452-455.
"Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"A Contribution to the Pathology of the Epidemic known as the 'Salmon
Disease'" (February 21, 1882) "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 33
(1882) 381-389. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On the Respiratory Organs of Apteryx" "Proceedings of the Zoological
Society" (1882) 560-569. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On Saprolegnia in Relation to the Salmon Disease" "Quarterly Journal
Micr. S." 22 (1882) 311-333 (reprinted from the 21st Annual Report of
H.M. Inspectors of Salmon Fisheries). "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"On Animal Forms" being the Rede Lecture for 1883; "Nature" 28 page 187.
"Address delivered at the Opening of the Fisheries Exhibition at South
Kensington, 1883."
"Contributions to Morphology. Ichthyopsida.--Number 2. On the Oviducts
of Osmerus; with Remarks on the Relations of the Teleostean with the
Ganoid Fishes" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1883) 132-139.
"Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"Oysters and the Oyster Question" (1883) "Proceedings of the Royal
Institution" 10 (1884) 336-358. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"Preliminary Note on the Fossil Remains of a Chelonian Reptile,
Ceratochelys Sthenurus, from Lord Howe's Island, Australia"
"Proceedings of the Royal Society" 46 (1887) 232-238. (Read March 31,
1887.) "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"The Gentians: Notes and Queries" (April 7, 1887) "Journal of the
Linnean Society" (Botany) 24 (1888) 101-124. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"Further Observations on Hyperodapedon" "Quarterly Journal of the
Geological Society" 43 (1878) 675-693. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.
"Owen's Position in the History of Anatomical Science" see page 443.
APPENDIX 4.
HONOURS, DEGREES, SOCIETIES, ETC.
(This list has been compiled from such diplomas and letters as I found
in my father's possession.)
ORDER:
Norwegian Order of the North Star, 1873.
DEGREES, ETC.:
Oxford--Hon. D.C.L. 1885.
Cambridge--Hon. LL.D. 1879.
--Rede Lecturer, 1883.
London--First M.B. and Gold Medal, 1845.
--Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy; 1857.
--Member of Senate, 1883.
Edinburgh--Hon. LL.D. 1866.
Aberdeen--Lord Rector, 1872.
Dublin--Hon. LL.D. 1878.
Breslau--Hon. Ph.D. and M.A. 1861.
Wurzburg--Hon. M.D. 1882.
Bologna--Hon. M.D. 1888.
Erlangen--Hon. M.D. 1893.
SOCIETIES--LONDON:
Royal, 1851.
--Sec. 1872-81.
--Pres. 1883-85.
--Royal Society's Medal, 1852.
--Copley Medal, 1888.
--Darwin Medal, 1894.
Linnean, 1858.
--Linnean Medal, 1890.
Geological, 1856.
--Sec. 1859-62.
--Pres. 1869-70.
--Wollaston Medal, 1876.
Zoological, 1856.
Odontological, 1863.
Ethnological, 1863.
--Pres. 1868-70.
Anthropological Institute, 1870.
Medico-Chirurgical, Hon. Memb. 1868.
Medical, Hon. Memb. 1873.
Literary, 1883.
Silver Medal of the Apothecaries' Society for Botany, 1842.
Royal College of Surgeons, Member, 1862.
--Fellow, 1883.
--Hunterian Professor, 1863-69.
St. Thomas's Hospital, Lecturer in Comparative Anatomy, 1854.
British Association for the Advancement of Science, Pres. 1870.
--Pres. of Section D, 1866.
Royal Institution, Fullerian Lecturer, 1863-67.
British Museum, Trustee, 1888.
Quekett Microscopical Club, President, 1878-79.
SOCIETIES--PROVINCIAL, COLONIAL AND INDIAN:
Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association; Corr. Member,
1859.
Liverpool Literary and Philosophic Society, Hon. Memb. 1870.
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Hon. Memb. 1872.
Odontological Society of Great Britain, 1862.
Royal Irish Academy, Hon. Memb. 1874.
Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Hon. Memb. 1875.
Royal Society of Edinburgh, British Hon. Fellow, 1876.
Glasgow Philosophical Society, Hon. Memb. 1876.
Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth, Hon. Memb. 1876.
Cambridge Philosophical Society, Hon. Memb. 1871.
Hertfordshire Natural History Society, Hon. Memb. 1883.
Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Hon. Memb. 1886.
New Zealand Institute, Hon. Memb. 1872.
Royal Society of New South Wales, Hon. Memb. 1879, Clarke Medal, 1880.
FOREIGN SOCIETIES:
International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archeology,
Corr. Memb. 1867.
International Geological Congress (Pres.) 1888.
AMERICA:
Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Corr. Memb. 1859;
Hayden Medal, 1888.
Odontographic Society of Pennsylvania, Hon. Memb. 1865.
American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, 1869.
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Hon. Memb. 1873.
New York Academy of Sciences, Hon. Memb. 1876.
Boston Society of Natural History, Hon. Memb. 1877.
National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., Foreign Associate, 1883.
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Foreign Hon. Memb. 1883.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:
Konigliche Kaiserliche Geologische Reichsanstalt (Vienna), Corr. Memb.
1860.
K.K. Zoologische-botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, 1865.
BELGIUM:
Academie Royale de Medecine de Belgique, 1874.
Societe Geologique de Belgique, Hon. Memb. 1877.
Societe d'Anthropologie de Bruxelles, Hon. Memb. 1884.
BRAZIL:
Gabineta Portuguez de Leitura em Pernambuco, Corr. Memb. 1879.
DENMARK:
Royal Society of Copenhagen, Fellow, 1876.
EGYPT:
Institut Egyptien (Alexandria), Hon. Memb. 1861.
FRANCE:
Societe Imperiale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg, Corr. Memb.
1867.
Institut de France; "Correspondant" in the section of Physiology
(succeeding von Baer), 1879.
GERMANY:
Microscopical Society of Giessen, Hon. Memb. 1857.
Imperialis Academia Caesariana Naturae Curiosorum (Dresden), 1857.
Imperial Literary and Scientific Academy of Germany, 1858.
Royal Society of Sciences in Gottingen, Corr. Memb. 1862.
Royal Bavarian Academy of Literature and Science (Munich), For. Memb.
1863.
Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin), 1865.
Medicinisch-naturwisseflschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena, For. Hon.
Memb. 1868.
Geographical Society of Berlin, For. Memb. 1869.
Deutscher Fischerei-Verein, Corr. Memb. 1870.
Berliner Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte,
Corr. Memb. 1871.
Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle, 1879.
Senkenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Frankfurt a/M.), Corr.
Memb. 1892.
HOLLAND:
Dutch Society of Sciences (Haarlem), For. Memb. 1877.
Koninklyke Natuurkundige Vereenigung in Nederlandisch-Indie (Batavia),
Corr. Memb. 1880.
Royal Academy of Sciences (Amsterdam), For. Memb. 1892.
ITALY:
Societa Italiana di Antropologia e di Etnologia, Hon. Memb. 1872.
Academia de' Lincei di Roma, For. Memb. (supplementary), 1878,
ordinary, 1883.
Reale Academia Valdarnense del Poggio (Florence), Corr. Memb. 1883.
Societa dei Naturalisti in Modena, Hon. Memb. 1886.
Societa Italiana delle Scienze (Naples), For. Memb. 1892.
Academia Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis (Bologna), Corr. Memb. 1893.
PORTUGAL:
Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, For. Corr. Memb. 1874.
RUSSIA:
Imperial Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg), Corr. Memb. 1865.
Societas Caesarea Naturae Cuniosorum (Moscow), Ordinary Member, 1870,
Hon. Memb. 1887.
SWEDEN:
Societas Medicorum Svecana, Ordinary Memb. 1866.
ROYAL COMMISSIONS:
T.H. Huxley served on the following Royal or other Commissions:--
1. Royal Commission on the Operation of Acts relating to Trawling for
Herrings on the Coast of Scotland, 1862.
2. Royal Commission to inquire into the Sea Fisheries of the United
Kingdom, 1864-65.
3. Commission on the Royal College of Science for Ireland, 1866.
4. Commission on Science and Art Instruction in Ireland, 1868.
5. Royal Commission upon the Administration and Operation of the
Contagious Diseases Acts, 1870-71.
6. Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of
Science, 1870-75.
7. Royal Commission on the Practice of subjecting Live Animals to
Experiments for Scientific Purposes, 1876.
8. Royal Commission to inquire into the Universities of Scotland,
1876-78.
9. Royal Commission on the Medical Acts, 1881-82.
10. Royal Commission on Trawl, Net, and Beam Trawl Fishing, 1884.
***
INDEX.
A priori reasoning.
Abbott, Dr. E.A., on "Illusions".
--correspondence in "Times".
Aberdeen University, Huxley rejected for chair at.
--Lord Rector of.
--Rectorial Address at.
--translated into German.
--perils of writing.
Aberdour.
Adamson, Professor.
Addresses delivered under difficulties.
"Administrative Nihilism".
Admiralty, parsimony of, in 1846.
--their dealings with Huxley.
Advice to would-be writer on scientific subjects.
Agassiz, Alexander, at x Club.
--visit to.
Agassiz, Louis, and creation.
--on glaciers.
Agnosticism, formulated in 1860.
--controversy on.
--restated.
Airy, Sir G.B., P.R.S.
Albert, Prince, at British Association.
Alcohol, use of.
Alford, Dean, and Metaphysical Society.
Allis, E. Phelps, jun., supports Huxley's unpublished cranial
researches.
Allman, Dr. George J., on Huxley's leading discovery.
--President British Association, 1879.
America, visit to.
--sight of New York.
--at Yale.
--friends.
--at Niagara.
--visits his sister.
--at Baltimore.
--lectures at New York.
American Civil War.
--suggests article "Emancipation, Black and White".
Amroth.
Anglesey, Marquis of, at Wellington's funeral.
Angus, Dr., on School Board.
Animal motion, lecture on.
Animals and plants.
"Animals as Automata".
--delivered without notes.
Anthropological Institute founded.
Anthropological Society amalgamated with Ethnological.
Anthropologie, Societe d', of Paris.
Anthropomorphism.
Ape question, at Oxford.
--papers and lectures on.
--"Punch" squib.
--at Edinburgh.
--leads to ethnological work.
--conclusion of.
"Apologetic Irenicon".
Appletons, and copyright.
--visit to.
Arbitration Alliance, letter to, on the reduction of armaments and the
real causes of war.
"Archetype" reviewed by H. Spencer.
Argyll, Duke of, in Metaphysical Society.
--on "Law".
--reply to.
--on coral reef theories.
--further controversy with.
Aristotle compared with Darwin.
--certain errors attributed to.
--estimate of the manuscripts of.
Armstrong, Sir Alexander, at Haslar.
Armstrong, Lord, visits to.
--and a Newcastle society.
Arnold, M.
--letters to:
--a lost umbrella.
--"St. Paul and Protestantism".
--on death of his son.
Arolla, first visit to.
--second visit to.
Aryans, origin of.
Ascidians, new species of.
--Doliolum and Appendicularia.
--on the structure of.
--catalogue of.
Ashby, Mr., on sanitary work.
Ashley, Hon. E., Vivisection Bill.
Atavism, defence of the word.
Athanasian Creed, anecdote.
Atheism logically untenable.
Athenaeum Club, elected to.
Augustan epoch to be beaten by an English epoch.
Automatism, Darwin suggests he should review himself on.
Auvergne, trip in.
--glaciation in.
--prehistoric skeleton at Le Puy.
Babbage, calculating machine, and the theory of induction.
Bacon, influence of.
--character.
"Baconian Induction," criticism of.
--Spedding on.
Baer, von, influence of.
--his Copley Medal.
--his work.
Bailey, F., at Lynton.
Baillon, led to make fresh observations through Huxley's Gentian paper.
Bain, Professor A.
Balaam-Centaur.
Balfour, Right Hon. A., critique on his "Foundations of Belief".
Balfour, Francis.
--death of.
--obituary.
--likeness to Huxley.
--looked to as his successor.
--opinion of.
Ball, John, with Huxley at Belfast.
Ball, W. Platt, letter to: criticises his "Use and Disuse": advice as
to future work.
Baptism.
"Barriers, The Three".
Barry, Bishop, on Huxley's work on the School Board.
Bastian, Dr. H. Charlton, on spontaneous generation.
Bateson, Mr., letter to: his book "On Variation" returns from
speculation to fact: natura facit saltum.
Bathybius.
--not accepted in connection with Darwin's speculations.
--"eating the leek" about.
Baynes, Thomas Spencer, letters to:
--Aberdeen Address.
--parsons at Edinburgh lectures.
--regime for health.
--arrangements for the "Encyclopaedia".
--articles for "Encyclopaedia".
--work on Dick Swiveller's principle.
--handwriting.
--puts aside a subject when done with.
--a Balaam-Centaur.
--Dean Stanley's handwriting.
--articles between H. and L.
--sons-in-law.
--Biology contrasted with Criticism, etc.
--reports of his American trip.
--Harvey article.
Beale, Professor.
Beaufort, Sir F. (Hydrographer).
--assistance from.
Beaumont, Elie de, contradicted by nature.
Belemnites, on.
Bell, Thomas, ready to help.
--as man of science.
--writes official statement on the award of Royal Society Medal to
Huxley.
Bence Jones, Dr., kindness of.
--would make the Fullerian Professorship permanent.
--friendly conspiracy.
Bennett, Risdon, and F.R.S.
Bentham, G., at x Club.
Benvenuto Cellini.
Berkeley.
--proposed book on.
Berkeley, Rev. M.J., mycological work.
Besant, Mrs., exclusion from University College.
Besant, Sir W., Huxley's face.
Bible-reading in elementary schools.
Biological teaching, revolutionised.
--Darwin on.
Biology, on the study of.
Birds, distension of air-cells in flight.
--investigations into the structure of.
--classification of.
--toothed, proposed lecture on.
--geological history of.
Birds and reptiles, relations of.
Birmingham, address on Priestley.
--opens Mason College.
Blackie, Professor, goes with, to Skelton's.
Blaythwayt, R., "The Uses of Sentiment".
Body, "a machine of the nature of an army".
Bollaert.
Book, a good, and fools.
Booth, General, "Darkest England" scheme.
--compared to Law's Mississippi scheme.
Bowman, Sir William, retiring from King's College.
--death of.
Bradlaugh, Charles, view of.
Bradlaugh, Miss, exclusion from University College.
Bramwell, Sir F., on technical education.
Brewster, Sir David.
--criticism of Darwin.
Bright, John, speeches.
Bristol Channel, report on the recent changes of level in.
British Association.
--at Southampton: Huxley's first paper.
--at Ipswich.
--at Belfast, 1852.
--at Liverpool, 1853.
--at Aberdeen.
--at Oxford, 1860.
--at Cambridge, 1862.
--at Nottingham.
--science in public schools.
--President Section D.
--at Dundee: working men's lecture delivered by Tyndall.
--at Norwich.
--Bathybius.
--"A Piece of Chalk,".
--Darwinism.
--at Exeter.
--at Liverpool: Huxley President.
--at Edinburgh.
--at Belfast.
--address on Animal Automatism.
--paper on Columella auris.
--committee on vivisection.
--at Dublin.
--address on Anthropology.
--at Sheffield: Huxley "eats the leek" about Bathybius.
--at York: address on "Rise and Progress of Paleontology".
--at Plymouth, invitation for.
--at Oxford, 1894: speech on growing acceptance of evolution.
British Museum, Natural History Collections.
--ex officio Trustee.
Broca, P., advice as to anthropological scheme.
--language and race.
Brodie, Sir Benjamin.
Brodie, Professor (afterwards the second Sir B.).
Brodie, Rev. P., letter to: local museums.
Brodrick, Hon. G., letter to, on Linacre chair.
--visit to.
--letter to: reason for accepting P.R.S.
Brooks, Mr. and Mrs., meeting with.
Brown, Alfred, South African geologist.
Brown Sequard at Oxford.
Browning, his music.
Bruce, John, visit to.
--in Edinburgh.
Bruny Island.
Bryson, Dr.
Buchner, L.
Buckland, Frank, succeeds as Fishery Inspector.
Buckland, Mrs., discovers an Echinoderm.
Buffon, on style.
--appreciation of.
Bunbury, Sir C.
Bunsen.
Burnett, Sir William, Director-General Navy Medical Service.
--interviews with.
--letter to.
Burns, John, and poem on Tennyson.
Burton, Edward, letter to: advice against building disregarded.
Busk, G., stays with.
--on Snowdon with.
--joint translation of Kolliker.
--x Club.
Butler's "Analogy".
Cabanis.
Cairns, Professor.
Calcutta, museum appointment.
Calvinism in science.
Cambridge.
--British Association at.
--Darwin's LL.D.
--Huxley's LL.D.
--Rede Lecture
--visit to.
--Harvey Tercentenary.
Campbell, Professor Lewis.
--letters to:
--value of Mariner's testimony about the Tongans.
--Oxford, British Association at, 1894, stronghold of the priesthood in
opposing scientific method.
Campbell, Mrs. L.
--letter to:
--hybrid gentian on a nameless island in Sils Lake.
Canaries, trip to.
Canino, Prince of, at British Association, Ipswich.
Cardwell, Lord, vivisection question.
Carlyle, influence of.
--installed Lord Rector at Edinburgh when Huxley received LL.D.
--hatred of Darwinism.
--death of.
Carlyle, Mrs., saying about Owen.
Carnarvon, Lord, Vivisection Bill.
Carpenter, Rev. Estlin.
--letter to:
--acknowledges his book, "The First Three Gospels": historical basis of
Christianity: comparison of Nazarenism with Quakerism.
Carpenter, W.B., approves of his views.
--support for F.R.S.
--dealings with, about the Registrarship of London University.
--at his marriage.
--Examiner at London University.
--at Lamlash Bay.
--and Bathybius.
Carus, Victor, corresponds with.
--takes Wyville Thomson's lectures in 1874.
Cassowary, rhyme.
Cats, love for.
Cavendish, Lord F., assassination of.
Cell theory, review of.
Celt question.
"Challenger" expedition, and Bathybius.
--some results of.
Chamberlain, Right Hon. Joseph, asked to Royal Society dinner.
Chambers, Robert, at Oxford, 1860.
Chamisso, quoted.
Chandler, Dr., apprenticed to.
Chapman, the publisher.
Cherubim, and terrestrial creation.
Chess player, nature compared to a hidden.
Chichester, Bishop of, on Huxley's search after the Ur-gentian.
Christian dogmas.
Christianity.
--"development" of.
--demonology of.
--historical basis of.
--comparison with Quakerism.
Chrystal, Professor, to help in Men of Science Series.
Church Army, answer to appeal for subscription to.
Church, Established, and our simian origin.
Churchill, the publisher.
City and Guilds Institute.
City Companies and education.
Clark, Sir Andrew, M.D., at Haslar.
--successful treatment by.
--meets on return from Italy.
--advises retirement.
--on Clifford's illness.
--election as F.R.S.
Clark, Sir J., help from.
Clark, J.W., Master of the Salters Company, letter from--education.
Clarke, Hyde.
--letters to:
--Ashantee War and ethnology: Huxley no longer attending to
anthropology.
--aim of Genesis controversy.
Clarke, F. Le Gros, evolution and the Church.
Clayton, N.P.
--letter to: moral duty and the moral sense: influence of Franklin and
Fox compared.
Clergy and physical science.
Clericalism.
Clerk-Maxwell, to help in Men of Science Series.
Clifford, W.K.
--his friends rally to, in his illness.
--opinion of.
Clifford, Mrs.
--letters to:
--a difficulty.
--the P.C.: a spiritual peerage.
--human nature.
Clodd, Edward, note on secular education.
--letters to:
--his book "Jesus of Nazareth": Bible reading.
--reply to condolence on his daughter's death.
--Positivism: will devote his remaining powers to theological questions.
--Baur's merit: proposes work on the three great myths.
--legal aspect of the "Darkest England" scheme: controversy and waste
of time.
--new edition of "Bates": alleged ignoring of distinguished men by
Royal Society.
--"Man's Place" after thirty years.
--answering letters: Kidd on Social Evolution: Lord Salisbury at Oxford.
Cobden, Richard.
--and International College.
"Cock Lane and Common Sense".
Cole, Sir Henry, the humour of public affairs.
Colenso, Bishop, Bishop Wilberforce on.
Coleridge.
Coleridge, Lord, and vivisection.
"Collected Essays", review of, by Professor Ray Lankester.
Collier, Hon. John.
--letters to:
--the "Apologetic Irenicon": art in London University.
--a pertinacious portrait painter.
--effect of influenza on personal appearance: the Romanes Lecture an
egg-dance.
Collier, Hon. Mrs. John.
--letters to:
--a country visit.
--secretarial work: incidents of travel.
--Naples: violent changes of weather.
--secretarial work:
--Catherine of Siena.
--end of Italian trip.
--prize at the Slade School: return from Maloja.
--the Canaries.
--objects of the seashore.
--the P.C.
--the cat.
--nonsense letter.
--an Oxford training.
Collier, W.F.
--letters to:
--proposed visit to.
--a touching mark of confidence.
--law of Deceased Wife's Sister: Shakespeare and the sexes of plants.
--the P.C. "What is honour?": a new Beatitude.
--visit to.
Collings, E.T.
--letter to: alcohol as a brain stimulant.
Collings, Right Hon. Jesse, his mother and the P.C.
Commission, Medical Acts.
--report of.
Commission, Scottish Universities.
Commissions, Royal.
--Fisheries.
--on Science and Art instruction.
--on Science.
--on Trawling.
--Fishery, of 1883.
Common, T., letter to:
--Nietzsche: German work and style: morality and evolution.
Comparative anatomy, letter on.
Comte, criticism on.
--would need re-writing.
--typical of the century?
Comtism, defined as "Catholicism without Christianity".
Comtists, opinion of.
--see also Positivism.
Conditions, influence of.
Congreve, controversy with.
Controversy, opinion of.
--and friendship.
--exhilarating effect of.
--aim of.
--in self-defence.
"Controverted Questions".
--labour of writing the prologue.
--elimination of the supernatural.
Cook (editor of "Saturday Review").
Cooke, Dr., his brother-in-law.
--his first instruction in medicine.
Copley Medal, awarded to Huxley.
Corfield, R., on Clifford's illness.
Cork, rejected for chair at.
Cornay, Professor, acknowledgment from.
Cornu, Professor, at x Club.
"Cornu", the posterior.
Courtney, Right Hon. L., at Royal Society dinner.
Coventry, the house of Thomas Huxley.
--George Huxley returns to.
Craniology.
Cranks, letters from.
Crayfish, on the.
Creation, controversy on Genesis
--with Mr. Gladstone.
Criticism, a compliment.
Croonian Lecture.
Cross, Lord, letter to: Vivisection Commission.
Crowder, Mrs., visit to.
Crum Brown, Professor, induces Huxley to play golf.
Crustacea, paleozoic.
Culture, basis of.
Cunningham, on South American fossil.
Cuno, language and race.
Cuvier, his views controverted.
--and his title.
--appreciation of.
Cuvier, the British.
Dalgairns, Father, in Metaphysical Society.
Dalhousie, Lord, President Royal Commission on Trawling.
Dana, and coral reef theories.
--misunderstanding of Darwin in his obituary of Asa Gray.
Daphnia.
Darwin, Charles, likewise begins his career at sea.
--as man of science.
--saying about happiness and work.
--starts on the "Origin".
--effect of the "Origin".
--the species question before 1859.
--the most serious omission in the "Origin".
--Huxley his "general agent".
--his "bulldog".
--and his predecessors.
--and poetry.
--compared with Lamarck.
--and spontaneous generation.
--at x Club.
--his opinion of Dohrn.
--his generosity.
--"the cheeriest letter-writer I know."
--letter to, obtaining a Civil List pension for Wallace.
--death of.
--notice of, in "Nature".
--love for.
--intellect of.
--obituary.
--compared to Gordon.
--unveiling of statue.
--character and friends.
--influence in science.
--exposition not his forte.
--dumb sagacity of.
--legacy from A. Rich.
--his theory needs experimental proof.
--and natura non facit saltum.
--typical of the century?
--nature of his work.
--example of.
--defence of.
--Letters from:
--the decisive critics of the "Origin".
--Huxley's reservations in accepting the doctrine of the "Origin".
--on Huxley's treatment of Suarez' metaphysics: intellect of Huxley.
--conveys him a gift from his friends.
--on new biological teaching.
--on report of seance.
--automatism.
--Letters to:
--on the "Origin".
--Edinburgh lectures.
--the Cambridge British Association.
--on "Man's Place":
--Atavism.
--that his theory accounts for retrogression as well as progression.
--pressure of work.
--absorption in one kind of work, due to one's reputation and one's
children.
--"Criticisms of the 'Origin'".
--Copley Medal.
--difficulty of writing a book.
--birth of a son: work in the "Reader".
--sends booklet.
--Darwinism in Germany.
--Pangenesis.
--laziness: Hooker ill.
--memorial about Gallegos fossils.
--new edition of "Origin": Jamaica affair.
--on Positivist critics.
--visit from Darwin.
--no time to read.
--loses sight of naturalists "by grace of the dredge."
--South American fossils.
--Exeter British Association.
--societies: the Celt question.
--on Oxford D.C.L.
--on "Descent of Man and Sexual Selection".
--inconvenience of having four addresses.
--on a friend's illness.
--note for the "Descent of Man": Dohrn's Station: projected visit to
America.
--W.G. Ward's saying about Mill.
--report on spiritualistic seance.
--attack in "Quarterly".
--on vivisection.
--instructions for Polar expedition.
--on theological protest.
--his degree at Cambridge.
--"Coming of Age" of the "Origin".
--cuts out a sharp retort.
--on Wallace's pension.
--optimism and pessimism.
Darwin, Mrs., visit to.
Darwin, Miss E., on Huxley's books.
Darwin, Francis.
--letter to, on the British Association Meeting of 1860.
--visit to.
Darwin, Professor George, at seance.
Darwin tree, the.
Daubeny, Dr., at Oxford, 1860.
Davies, Rev. Llewelyn, at Huxley's funeral.
Dayman, Lieutenant, formerly of the "Rattlesnake".
--on Atlantic mud.
De la Beche, Sir Henry.
De Maillet.
De Quatrefages.
Deceased Wife's Sister Bill.
Derby, Lord.
Descartes' Discourse, Commentary on.
Design, argument from.
Devonian fishes.
"Devonshire Man" controversy.
Dewar, Professor, liquid oxygen.
Dingle, Mr., at Oxford, 1860.
Diphtheria, outbreak of.
Docker, the scientific, letter to.
--tries to help.
--letter to: atoms and the evolution of matter.
Dog, on the.
--projected work on.
--problems connected with.
--further work on.
Dohrn, Dr. Anton.
--visit of.
--visit from, in 1868.
--absent from Naples on Huxley's visit.
--Letters to:
--matrimony: Tennyson: his kindness to children.
--scientific investigators and museum work: family news: criticism of
Kolliker.
--Calcutta Museum:
--Kolliker and the organon adamantinae: family news.
--a bad letter-writer: Goethe's Aphorisms: Dohrn's work and English.
--marine stations at Naples and Brighton: spontaneous generation:
Huxley, devil's advocate to speculators: a "Tochtervolles Haus."
--British Association at Liverpool: Franco-Prussian War.
--microscopes: Franco-Prussian War.
--School Board: "an optical Sadowa."
--illness of 1871.
--the visit to Naples: Ceylon Museum.
--beefsteaks and wives not to be despised.
--Ceylon Museum: his father's illness: his capacity.
--invitation to Morthoe.
--books for the Aquarium.
--the new laboratory.
--England not represented at his station: visit from von Baer: lawsuit:
Kleinenberg on Hydra.
--subscriptions for station: prefers his German to his English:
hesitation.
--his marriage: the station: Darwin's generosity.
--death of Darwin and Balfour.
--naval officers and scientific research.
--health: age: earning an honest sixpence.
Dohrn, Dr., sen.
--visit to, at Naples.
--vigour of.
Donnelly, Sir John, K.C.B., visit to.
--Letters to:
--vivisection.
--Fishery appointment.
--title of Dean: a wet holiday.
--retired officers in administrative posts.
--unofficial answer to official inquiries.
--proposed resignation.
--industry and age.
--health: Gordon.
--reply to arguments against resignation.
--extension of leave: festa of St. Peter's chair.
--coldness of Rome: repression of dynamiters: Roman noses.
--Gordon: public affairs: technical education: depression: carnival.
--health.
--return from Italy.
--Civil List pension.
--return in good health from Arolla: renews work at science instead of
theology.
--Science and Art examinations.
--age moderates hopes.
--Imperial Institute.
--the Irish question.
--Glion: "javelins".
--sends proof of Struggle for Existence.
--Deceased Wife's Sister Bill: hatred of anonymity.
--Stonehenge: use of Radicals: death of Smyth.
--move to Eastbourne.
--London University Commission and reform.
--the State and intermediate education.
--responsible for the Privy Councillorship.
--humour of public affairs.
--the modern martyrdom.
--faculty of forgetting.
--the scientific docker.
--death of Tyndall.
--letter from a lunatic.
--a State evening party.
--procrastination: the scientific docker: Darwin medal.
--women in public life.
Draper, Dr.
Drawing, Huxley's faculty for.
Dublin, LL.D., at.
Duncan, Dr. Matthews, visit to.
Du Thiers, or Duthiers (both forms of the signature occur in his
letters), see Lacaze.
Dyer, Sir W. Thiselton.
--helps in the new science teaching.
--lectures fur Huxley.
--to help in Men of Science Series.
--Marine Biological Association.
--letter from--Gentian paper.
Dyster, Dr.
--letters to:
--scientific Calvinism.
--introduction to Kingsley and Maurice.
--refuses Edinburgh chair: coast survey.
--approaching marriage.
--popular lectures.
--man not a rational animal in his parental capacity.
Ealing.
Eastbourne, house at: law of nature about: origin of name.
Echinoderms.
--on the development of.
--aim of paper.
"Echo", article in.
Ecker, Dr. A., on his ethnological work.
Eckersley, W., letter to: Civil List pension.
Eckersley, W.A., death of.
Eckhard, Dr.
Ectoderm and Endoderm, discovery of.