Making a Fern Case.--Ferns.--Harvest Mouse.--
Mole.--Ladybird.--Grasses.
[Illustration: WALL SPLEENWORT.]
From ten till four the boys were engaged with Mr. Meredith, but they had
a holiday on Saturday, and by rising early they could gain so many of
the fairest and most beautiful hours of the day that lessons seemed but
an interval between a long morning and a long afternoon. They thus made
plenty of time for their numerous occupations.
[Illustration: FORKED SPLEENWORT.]
Mary said to Jimmy one day, "Will you make me a fern-case? Frank has so
many things to do. I have been promised a lot of ferns from Devonshire.
A friend of mine will send them to me by post, and I should so like to
have a nice little fernery for my bedroom window."
[Illustration: GREEN SPLEENWORT.]
Jimmy gladly promised to make one for her, and Dick, who would have
liked to have had the commission himself, volunteered to help him. They
first of all made a strong deal box, about two feet six inches long, and
one foot six inches broad, and six inches deep. This was lined carefully
with sheet lead, which was to make it perfectly water-tight. They then
made a wooden framework, with a pointed roof, to fit on the top of it.
This they glazed with ordinary window-glass, and painted all the
wood-work black. It was now ready for the soil. First they put a layer,
about two inches deep, of broken sandstone, in order to ensure perfect
drainage, and mixed with this were some lumps of charcoal to keep it
pure. Then they filled up the box with earth, mixed in the proportions
following:--one-third part of garden mould, one-third part of sand, and
one-third part of peaty earth, with an admixture of dead leaves. In the
centre of the rockery they built up a framework of curiously water-worn
flints, and then they carried the affair in triumph to Mary's room,
where they planted the ferns she had received from her friend--glossy,
whole-leaved hart's-tongues, delicate, black-stemmed maiden-hair,
ladder-like polypodies and blechnums, feathery lady-ferns, light green
and branching oak-ferns, and many another species, which,
notwithstanding their removal from the Devonshire lanes, grew and
flourished in Mary's fern-case, and soon became a sight most pleasant to
the eye.
[Illustration: OAK FERN.]
[Illustration: FRUCTIFICATION OF FERNS.
1. Asplenium. 2. Scolopendrium. 3. Cystopteris. 4. Blechnum.
5. Hymenophyllum. 6. Pteris. 7. Adiantum. 8. Trichomanes. 9. Woodsia.]
To anyone fond of ferns nothing can be more interesting than a
fern-case. Nearly all ferns grow well in them, if they are properly
attended to. Whenever the soil becomes dry on the surface, they should
be well watered, and this should not be done too often, or it will
encourage the growth of mould. The moisture will evaporate and condense
on the side of the glass, and run down again to the earth, so that there
is very little waste. The plants thus create an atmosphere of their own,
and will thrive in it wonderfully.
[Illustration: WALL RUE. JERSEY FERN. MARSH FERN.]
One day it was so intensely hot that it was impossible to do anything
but lie in the shade. The boys had bathed twice, and the deck planks of
the yacht were so burning hot that they could with difficulty stand upon
them. They sought a shady corner of the paddock, and there underneath a
tall hedge and the shade of an oak they lay, and talked, and read. Frank
was teasing Dick with a piece of grass, and to escape him, Dick got up
and sat on a rail in the hedge which separated them from the next field,
which was a corn-field. This quietly gave way, and Dick rolled into the
next field, and lay among the corn quite happy and contented. Suddenly
he called out--
"Come and look at this nest in the corn-stalks! It can't be a bird's.
What is it?"
Frank and Jimmy went through the gap and examined it.
[Illustration: HARVEST MOUSE AND NEST.]
"It is the nest of a harvest mouse," said Frank, "and there are half a
dozen naked little mice inside."
The harvest mouse is the smallest of British animals. Unlike its
relatives, it builds its nest in the stalks of grass or corn at a little
distance from the ground. The nest is globular in shape, made of woven
grass, and has a small entrance like that of a wren's.
[Illustration: MOLE.]
"And here is a mole-trap," said Jimmy, "with a mole in it. What smooth
glossy fur it has! It will set whichever way you rub it."
"Yes; and don't you see the use of that. It can run backwards or
forwards along its narrow burrows with the greatest ease. It could not
do that if the fur had a right and a wrong way."
"Can it see?" asked Jimmy, pointing to the tiny black specks which
represented its eyes.
"Oh yes. Not very well, I dare say; but well enough for its own
purposes. It can run along its passages at a great speed, as people have
found out by putting straws at intervals along them, and then startling
the mole at one end and watching the straws as they were thrown down."
During the autumn and winter the mole resides in a fortress, often at
short distances from the burrow where it nests. This fortress is always
placed in a position of safety, and is of a most complex construction.
It is a hillock, containing two or three tiers of galleries with
connecting passages, and from the central chamber it has passages, or
rows, extending in different directions.
[Illustration: LADYBIRD AND ITS STAGES.]
The boys returned to their couches in the long grass in the shade, and
Frank was soon too sleepy to tease, but lay on the broad of his back,
looking up at the blue sky through the interstices of the oak branches.
Dick was studying the movements of a ladybird with red back and black
spots, which was crawling up a grass-stem, and wondering how such a
pretty creature could eat a green juicy aphis, as it has a habit of
doing. Jimmy was turning over the pages of his book, and looking out the
plates of flowers, and comparing them with some he had gathered. He was
rather bewildered and somewhat discouraged at the immensity of the study
he had undertaken. No sooner did he learn the name of a flower than it
was driven from his head by that of another, and having attempted to do
too much in the beginning, he had got into a pretty state of confusion.
He had given up the idea of keeping pace with naming all the beautiful
flowers he had found. He gathered and dried them, and left to the winter
evenings the task of arranging and naming them.
"I say," called out Frank, "around my face there are at least seven
different kinds of grasses. Can you name them, Jimmy?--and how many
different kinds of grasses are there?"
"I can name nothing," said Jimmy dolefully, "but I will look it up in my
book and tell you. Here it is, but their name seems legion. You must
look at them for yourself. The plates are very beautiful, but the
quaking grass, of which there is any quantity just by your head, is the
prettiest."
"They seem as pretty as ferns," said Frank. "I must learn something more
about them."
A day or two after this Mr. Meredith said to them, when they had
assembled at his house in the morning:
"Now, boys, from something a little bird has whispered to me, I think
you stand in need of a little punishment, and I therefore mean to give
you a lesson. You are by far too desultory in your study of natural
history. You attempt to do too much, and so you only obtain a
superficial knowledge, instead of the thorough and practical one you
ought to have. You are trying to reach a goal before you have fairly
started from the toe-line. I allude more especially now to botanical
matters, because I know most about them, and that is all I can help you
in. Therefore you will be kind enough to translate into Latin this Essay
which I have written on the Life of a Fern."
"That is anything but a punishment, sir," said Frank, laughing.
The boys set to work with great zest at their novel lesson. I set the
English of it out in the next chapter, and I particularly request my
young readers to read every word of it.