THE HOUSE IN PALL MALL
“... Only this methinks I am sure of, that it is a brave thing
to be one of those, that shall lift up their heads with joy
in expectation of a present redemption, when all these ruins
and confusions shall be upon the Earth; and such brave men and
women are only true Christians. Therefore, my dear brother, let
us endeavour for that dignity, though in maintaining it we take
courses, that have the contempt of the world heaped upon them;
for to be contemned by the contemptible is glorious in the
opinion of your K. R.”—LADY RANELAGH to ROBERT BOYLE, September
14 (1653?).
“The Book of Nature is a fine and large piece of tapestry
rolled up, which we are not able to see all at once, but
must be content to wait for the discovery of its beauty and
symmetry, little by little, as it gradually comes to be more
and more unfolded or displayed.”—ROBERT BOYLE, Second Part of
the _Christian Virtuoso_, Aphorism xxi.
The intellectual atmosphere of Oxford, when Robert Boyle said good-bye to
it, was not the same “ayre” that he had weighed so pleasantly in 1659.
Indeed, he must have been rather glad to be out of it before the great
occasion of the opening of the Sheldonian at the _Encænia_ of 1669.
Evelyn, who was present, was scandalised, not only by the University
Orator’s “malicious and indecent reflections on the Royal Society as
undermining of the University,” but by the performance of the University
Buffoone, “which, unless it be suppressed,” he says, “it will be of ill
consequences, as I afterwards plainly expressed my sense of it both to
the Vice-Chancellor[321] and severall heads of houses, who were perfectly
ashamed of it and resolved to take care of it in future.” The “old
facetious way” had given place to ribald and libellous attacks: “In my
life,” says Evelyn, “I was never witnesse of so shamefull entertainment.”
Boyle’s old friend, Dr. Wallis, Professor of Mathematics, was equally
distressed. In fact, he wrote about it to Mr. Boyle in London. Wallis
had been one of those who objected to the fulsome wording of the
proposed letter of thanks from the University to the Archbishop—a letter
acknowledging Sheldon as their “Creator and Redeemer”: _non tantus
condere, hoc est creare, sed etiam redimere_.[322] And he was as angry
with the University Orator’s attack on “Cromwell, fanatics, the Royal
Society and the New Philosophy,” as he was at the abominable scurrilities
of the University Buffoone. Real stage-plays, too, imported from the
Duke’s House, had been acted in the Oxford Town Hall—and were less
objectionable than what had gone on in the Sheldonian.
But even Wallis seems to have been infected by the summer madness of
that _Encænia_ of 1669. He had been entertaining some of the guests at
his own house; Sir James Langham and his Lady, and other “persons of
quality”; and in an after-dinner chat Sir James had been expatiating on
the qualities of “an excellent lady,” Lady Mary Hastings, sister to the
Earl of Huntingdon—a lady for whom Sir James had a very great esteem.
So highly, indeed, did he think of “her temper, her parts, her worth,
her virtue, her piety and everything else,” that he would have been
quite willing to marry her himself except that she was his deceased
wife’s sister, and that he was already married again. But Sir James
thought—and Wallis concurred with him—that Lady Mary would make “not only
an excellent wife, but an excellent wife for Esquire Boyle.” And Wallis
wrote then and there to Boyle to offer to be “the happy instrument of
making two so excellent persons happy in each other.”
Wallis may in his youth have studied cryptology; but in his middle age
he did not understand Robert Boyle. Lady Mary Hastings probably never
knew of the future that had been so neatly mapped out for her in that
after-dinner chat. She married Sir William Joliffe, of Caverswell Castle,
in Staffordshire. The Manor of Stalbridge stood empty; and Mr. Boyle went
on living in Pall Mall.
But if Oxford was changed of late years, so also was Pall Mall—very much
changed indeed since a certain dark evening of 1649, when Cromwell’s
“sightly lieutenant,” carrying the message to Broghill, rode up to Lady
Ranelagh’s door. One of the first things that Charles II had done was to
make a new Mall in St. James’s Park, and to improve the Park itself—“now
every day more and more pleasant by the new works upon it,” wrote Pepys
in January 1662. A river was made through the Park; and there on frosty
winter days Pepys stood to watch the gay groups “sliding with their
skeates—which is a very pretty art.” The Duke of York was an accomplished
skater, and the King was a great hand at the game of Mall.
“Here a well-polished Mall gives us the joy
To see our Prince his matchless force employ.
No sooner had he touch’d the flying ball
But ’tis already more than half the Mall.”[323]
When Pepys stopped to have a talk with the keeper of the Mall—who was
“sweeping of it” at the moment—he examined with interest its earthen
flooring, spread with powdered cockle-shells. Evelyn, on the other hand,
cared more about the birds and beasts that inhabited the Park—the “deare
of severall countries,” the guinea-fowl and Arabian sheep; the pelican,
and the melancholy waterfowl brought by the Russian Ambassador from
Astracan; the Solan geese, and the pet crane with a real wooden leg—“made
by a soldier.” Waller has described St. James’s Park “as lately improved
by his Majesty”—
“Methinks I see the love that shall be made,
The lovers walking in that amorous shade;
The Gallants dancing by the riverside—
They bathe in summer and in winter slide.
Methinks I hear the music in the boats,
And the loud echo which returns the notes.
...
The ladies angling in the crystal lake
Feast on the waters with the prey they take;
At once victorious with their lines and eyes
They make the fishes and the men their prize.”
Mr. Waller saw everything _couleur de rose_. “I know his calling as a
Poet,” wrote Lady Ranelagh once to Robert Boyle, when Waller had been
paying her one of his elaborate compliments, “gives him license to say
as great things as he can without intending that they should signify
anything more than that he said them.”[324] And it is possible some
of the older inhabitants of Pall Mall did not look so kindly on the
“improvements” in St. James’s Park.
The old Mall, and the old game that was played there, dated back to James
I. There was a “Pell Mell Close” planted with apple-trees that gave the
name to Apple-Tree Yard, St. James’s Square. The houses had been built on
both sides of the Old Mall;—“The Pall Mall,” as it was called, or “Pall
Mall Walk,” or “The Pavement.” Its double row of seventy elm trees—140
trees in all—running its length, from the Haymarket to St. James’s, may
well have been the “living gallery of aged trees,” in Waller’s poem of
1661. Lady Ranelagh’s house was one of those on the south side, at the
west end, of the Mall; houses advertised as “on the Park side, with
Gardens or Mounts adjoining to the Royal Gardens.” There were various
interesting inhabitants of the Mall about the time that Boyle went to
live there with Lady Ranelagh. Dr. Sydenham, the fashionable London
physician, had been living there since 1658—an old friend of theirs:
one of the great Dorsetshire Puritan family of Sydenhams, of whom
the doctor’s brother, the Parliamentarian Colonel Sydenham, was the
chief. Mrs. Knight the singer, and Dr. Isaac Barrow the divine, and the
notorious Countess of Southesk who figures in the Memoirs of Grammont,
were all living in the Mall. There were taverns, too, and shops, with
signboards: “The King’s Head,” and “The Two Golden Balls.” And Pall Mall
was Clubland, even then: “Wood’s at the Pell Mell, our old house for
clubbing,” wrote Pepys in 1660. But in 1670, after Boyle went to live
there, it was still a rural, leafy little suburb of fashionable London,
between Whitehall and St. James’s Palace, nestled among the old trees,
under the very shadow of Westminster Abbey and Westminster Palace; the
Painted Chamber, and the Star Chamber, and St. Stephen’s Chapel—“_That
house where all our ills were shaped_,” as Waller called it,—after the
Restoration. So rural was the Old Mall, that Dr. Sydenham used to sit
smoking his pipe at his open window looking on to the Pavement, with a
silver tankard of ale on the window-sill; and when once a thief ran off
with the doctor’s tankard, thief and tankard alike were lost “in the
bushes of Bond Street.”[325]
In 1669, Nell Gwynne was living on the north side, and at the east end,
of the Mall, next door to Lady Mary Howard; but in 1671, she crossed
over to a house on the Park side of Pall Mall, the leasehold of which
had been given her by Charles II; and there, from this time till her
death in 1687, “Maddam Elinor Gwyn” was living, only two doors off from
Lady Ranelagh and Robert Boyle. Those strips of back gardens, with
“raised mounts” in them looking over to the Royal Gardens, were very near
together. Did Boyle, whose laboratory was at the back of Lady Ranelagh’s
house, see Mrs. Nellie on her mount, talking to the King who stood
looking up at her from the green walk below? Evelyn was in attendance
that day. “I both saw and heard,” wrote Evelyn afterwards in his diary,
“a very familiar discourse between [the King] and Mrs. Nellie, as they
cal’d an impudent comedian, she looking out of her garden on a terrace
at the top of the wall, and [the King] standing on yᵉ greene walke under
it....”[326]
But that was in May 1671; and by that time Robert Boyle had been very
ill for eleven months, and was only beginning to recover. The year
1669, and part of 1670, had been very busy. Besides his contributions
to the Royal Society’s _Transactions_, he had published further work
on the _Spring and Weight of the Air_, and a second edition of his
_Physiological Essays_. Du Moulin’s translation of the _Devil of Mascon_,
with Boyle’s introduction, had appeared; and Boyle was using all his
influence, personal and literary, to heal the feud between the Royal
Society and the Universities, in which Sprat and Glanville, Stubbe,
Crosse, and others, were taking sides. And in 1670 there appeared
Boyle’s _Tracts about the Cosmical Qualities of Things_, better known by
the delightful title of “Cosmical Suspicions.” Boyle was at this time
at the height of his scientific and literary popularity: “Mr. Boiles
Styll” meant very much to the intellectual London of that day. It had
its disciples, and it had its critics. Evelyn has spoken of “those
incumbrances” in it “which now and then render the way a little tedious”;
and there were people who thought that in his literary style Mr. Boyle
was not quite so happy as in his experiments.[327]
And even in these experiments, one pair of eyes, at least, was fixed
upon Robert Boyle; eyes that saw as far as, and perhaps a little further
than, even Boyle’s. Isaac Newton—the boy who had jumped against the
wind in that terrific storm that raged over England when Cromwell lay
dying—was only twenty-nine in 1671; but he was already professor of
mathematics at Cambridge, and a Fellow of the Royal Society. It was six
years since he had noticed the traditional apple fall to earth in his
mother’s orchard in Lincolnshire. He himself had been tempted to seek
after the philosopher’s stone; and when in 1676 Isaac Newton read in the
_Transactions_ of Boyle’s “uncommon experiment about the incalescence
of gold and mercury,” it was in the finest spirit, as one of Boyle’s
sincerest “honourers,” that Newton wrote to Oldenburg, the secretary.
He felt that “the fingers of many will itch to have the knowledge of
the preparation of such a mercury; and for that end some may not be
wanting to move for the publishing of it, by urging the good it may
do in the world. But, in my simple judgment, the noble author, since
he has thought fit to reveal himself so far, does prudently in being
reserved in the rest.” Newton gave his reasons for doubting this theory
of the transmutation of metals: he foreshadowed the “immense damage to
the world” that might come from proceeding further with it. “I question
not,” he says of Boyle’s experiments, “but that the great wisdom of the
noble author will _sway him to silence_ till he shall be resolved of what
consequence they may be.” It was because Boyle himself seemed “desirous
of the sense of others in this point” that Newton had “been so free as to
shoot my bolt.”
Isaac Newton’s “bolt” took effect, though it must have cost Boyle
something to give up that little bit of research; for he had been, so to
speak, rolling a little ball of quicksilver and gold-dust in the palm
of his hand ever since the year 1652, when he was only five-and-twenty;
pressing it a little with the fingers of the other hand, till it grew
“sensibly and considerably hot,” and timing the “incalescence” by a
minute clock. He was to hover about the subject for a time, but in the
end, he was to follow Newton’s advice. If these two men could be present
at a meeting of the Royal Society in Burlington House to-day! Their
two portraits are on its walls. Their two faces look down on modern
experimental science. Their self-restraint has had its reward.
Already, in 1670, Boyle was at the height of his literary and scientific
popularity, the acknowledged chief of the circle of New Philosophers
in London. He had long been a valetudinary, saving his strength for
his work, and holding himself aloof from uncongenial company. And he
was now beginning to enjoy the ease and dignity of home life, a clever
woman’s ministrations and companionship, and the thousand-and-one little
amenities of a home that his bachelor life in his Oxford lodgings must
have lacked. But in June 1670 he had been taken suddenly ill; “a severe
paralytic distemper”, it was called; and eleven months later, in May
1671, he was writing a pathetic little letter to his old Dorsetshire
friend, John Mallet of Poynington, describing in his own gentle words his
invalid condition. “I have taken so many medicines,” he wrote, “and found
the relief they awarded me so very slow, that it is not easy for me to
tell you what I found most good by. The things which to me seem fittest
to be mentioned on this occasion are that cordial medicines, especially
such as peculiarly befriend the _genus nervosum_, were very frequently
and not unsuccessfully administered ... that the dried flesh of vipers
seemed to be one of the usefullest cordials I took; but then I persevered
in taking it daily for a great while. That I seldom missed a day without
taking the air, at least once, and that even when I was at the weakest,
and was fain to be carried in men’s arms from my chair into the coach.
That the best thing I found to strengthen my feet and legs, and which I
still use, was sack turned to a brine with sea-salt and well rubbed upon
the parts every morning and night with a warm hand....”
Boyle’s own doctor was Edmund King—not then Sir Edmund and the King’s
Physician, but a London practitioner of repute, living in Hatton Gardens;
a year or two younger than Boyle; a member of the Royal Society; a friend
of Willis and Petty, and a great man for dissections and experiments.
It was Edmund King who was so interested in the first transfusion
experiments on human subjects, and who, “with my best microscope,”
noticed the appearance of living organisms in “things left in water.”
And it is to be remembered that in a list of Boyle’s lost manuscripts
there is one with the title “Spontaneous Generation.” It is possible that
he and Dr. King may have been working together with the microscope. The
“viper powder” was one of Dr. King’s prescriptions, though he is said to
have preferred the “volatile salt.” It was not till some years later that
Dr. King gained such celebrity by his prompt action in bleeding Charles
II after his apoplectic seizure. He had a lancet in his pocket; and no
other doctor was at hand.
Boyle recovered from his paralytic distemper, though very slowly. Whether
it was the cordial of viper’s flesh, or the ministration of a warm human
hand, he did regain strength, and was able once more to take up his work
and resume his London life—always afterwards more or less the life of
a studious invalid. “It has plainely astonish’d me,” says Evelyn, “to
have seene him so often recover, when he has not been able to move, or
bring his hand to his mouth: and indeede the contexture of his body,
during the best of his health, appear’d to me so delicate, that I have
frequently compar’d him to a chrystal or Venice glasse which, tho’
wrought never so thin and fine, being carefully set up, would outlive the
harder metals of daily use: And he was with all as clear and candid: not
a blemish or spot to tarnish his reputation.”
The mere number of Boyle’s publications during these years is remarkable,
even though much of the work for them had been done before, and had
only to be arranged for publication. They dealt with the Usefulness of
Experimental Natural Philosophy; the Origin and Virtue of Gems; Fire,
Flame, and Effluviums; the Pressure of Solids and Fluids, and the
Weighing of Water; the Properties of Sea Water, and its Distillation;
the Mechanical Causes of Heat and Cold, Volatility and Precipitation
and Corrosiveness; the Production of Tastes; the Hypothesis of Alkali
and Acidum, and the effects of atmospheric conditions “even on men’s
sickness and health.” And there was always the other _facet_ to Boyle’s
intellectual nature. While he was writing of all these and other things,
while he was wrapped up in Suspicions—about the hidden qualities of
air, celestial magnets and attraction by suction, statical hygroscopes,
laudanum, and air-bladders, and “quicksilver turning hot with gold,”—he
was also deep in meditations of the “Excellence of Theology compared with
Natural Philosophy.” Both had always seemed to him to be the “Objects of
Men’s Study.” He held tenaciously to the “Reconcilableness of Reason and
Religion”; and his theological treatises were to run parallel with his
philosophical transactions.
The later chapters of biography are of necessity a chronicle of losses.
The death of the great admiral, the Earl of Sandwich, at the battle
of Solebay, on May 28, 1672, removed the other splendid father-in-law
of the Burlington family. His funeral, “by water to Westminster, in
solemn pomp,” must have affected the inmates of the house in Pall Mall
as well as the families in the two Piccadilly palaces. “They will not
have me live,” Lord Sandwich had said sadly to Evelyn, before he sailed.
It is very certain that the whole trend of politics at this time—the
crypto-catholic movement, burrowing its way into Protestant England;
the _capuchins_ flitting about between Whitehall and St. James’s; the
alliance with the French against the Dutch, and the prolonged war with
Holland; the plottings and placings of the _Cabal_, and the quarrels and
changes in the royal harem, which had pushed up to the very door of the
house in Pall Mall—must have been utterly distasteful to Robert Boyle and
his passionately Puritan sister.
Poor Charles Rich, my Lord of Warwick, who had been ill for a long time,
died at Leeze in 1673, leaving Mary, a childless great lady, still
surrounded by chaplains, to administer her husband’s property and to see
all the three “sweet young ladies,” her nieces, married to satisfactory
husbands of her own choosing.
A more personal loss to Robert Boyle was the sudden death of Henry
Oldenburg in September 1677. He and another old friend, Dr. Worsley
of the “mountain-bellied conceptions” for the good of mankind, died
almost at the same time. Oldenburg had worked hard for the Royal Society
since he came out of the Tower in the autumn of 1667. He had carried
the Society through the troublesome time that followed the Fire of
London, after the loss of its _Transactions_ and during its sojourn in
Arundel House. He had seen it reinstated in Gresham College, and a great
collation given in its honour by the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of
London. He had been overworked and underpaid, and had added to the small
gains he made out of the Society’s _Transactions_[328] by doing a good
deal of work for Boyle personally, in proof-correcting and in translating
Boyle’s books into Latin. And Boyle had tried to obtain for him the Latin
Secretaryship—the very post that Milton had held—but in this he had
failed. One of the last glimpses of Oldenburg and Boyle together is at
a little scientific supper-party in February 1676, given by Sir Joseph
Williamson, who later became President of the Royal Society when Lord
Brouncker resigned. Boyle was well enough to be at this supper-party;
and Evelyn and Wren and Petty and one or two others were there, and “our
Secretary, Mr. Oldenburg.”[329] Lady Ranelagh was away from home on a
visit when the news of Oldenburg’s death reached her; and, knowing how
much her brother would feel his death, she wrote Boyle one of her most
comfortable letters, and made arrangements to return home at once.[330]
And as Oldenburg had died without making a will, and his wife (his second
wife, daughter of John Durie) died just before or just after him, Robert
Boyle himself took care of their children, left poorly provided for and
without relations in this country. The boy had been named “Rupert,” after
the scientific Prince.
Mary, Countess of Warwick, survived her husband just five years. Her
death at Leeze, in 1678, must have closed a chapter in the life of the
sister and brother in Pall Mall. Lady Ranelagh had been with Mary in
all her hours of trial—and they had been so many—the little, “unrewly”
sister! Lady Ranelagh had been at Stalbridge when the Earl of Cork was so
angry because Mary dismissed Mr. James Hamilton; it was Lady Ranelagh who
had accompanied Charles and Mary to Leeze after their runaway marriage,
and stayed with them there till Mary had found her place in that
patriarchal family. It was Lady Ranelagh who had tended Mary in all her
illnesses, and had taken Mary and Charles under her own roof after their
son’s death. And Robert Boyle, too;—how tenderly romantic Mary had been
when the “deare Squire” took refuge at delicious Leeze in the summer of
1648, and she sat beside him while he wrote his _Seraphick Love_! How she
had wept over the pages as they were handed to her, the ink scarcely dry!
But an even greater loss was to come in Broghill’s, my Lord of Orrery’s,
death in 1679. He had been ill for a year or two, and back and forward
between Ireland and England, in the hands of the physicians; but
otherwise he had been living the life of a great landowner on his Irish
estates at Charleville and at Castle Martyr. His _Art of War_, dedicated
to Charles II, had been published in 1677, and had met with a certain
success. He was to have written a continuation of it, if the first volume
had proved sufficiently popular. But warfare, like other things, has its
fashions; and even warriors grow old: it was nearly forty years since the
“Mortall Sowe” had done such good service on the walls of Lismore.
Lady Pegg was with her husband, his strong friend and helpmate, to the
last. The beautiful bride of Suckling’s wedding-ballad, with the slender
ring-finger and the bee-stung lip, was now surrounded by children, grown
up and married, some of them, and with great homes of their own. But Lady
Pegg was beautiful and comfortable still. “A rose in autumn,” as old Lord
Goring used to say, “is as sweet as a rose in June.” There is no doubt
that Broghill, the soldier-statesman and dramatist—“my dearest Governor,”
as Robert Boyle called him—was the favourite brother, and that Lady
Pegg was the chief of sisters-in-law, “the great support, ornament and
comfort” of her family.
On St. Andrew’s Day 1680 Boyle was elected President of the Royal
Society. The anniversary meeting and the dinner that followed it had
brought a large gathering of the philosophers together. Evelyn was
there, and his diary records the election of “that excellent person and
greate Philosopher Mr. Robert Boyle, who indeede ought to have been the
very first; but neither his infirmities nor his modestie could now any
longer excuse him.” But Evelyn omits to mention that Boyle declined
the presidency. He had an insuperable objection to tests and oaths. He
took Counsel’s opinion in the matter, and he wrote to his old assistant
Hooke,[331] explaining his “great (and perhaps peculiar) tenderness in
point of oaths”; asking Hooke to convey his thanks to the Society, but
begging them to “proceed to a new election.”
Less and less able now to attend the meetings of the Society, Boyle was
gradually to withdraw also from the meetings of the East India Company,
of which he was a Director, and of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel, of which he was Governor. More and more did he retire into his
quiet home-life in the house in Pall Mall, which had been enlarged to
suit his purposes. There is no mention of him at the famous supper-party
of the Royal Society, at which everything was cooked in Monsieur Papin’s
Digestors—that “philosophical supper” which caused so much mirth and
“exceedingly pleas’d all the company.” He is more likely to have been
present a week or two later to see the Morocco Ambassador subscribe his
name and titles in Arabic, on the occasion of his being admitted honorary
member of the Royal Society.
Boyle lived, indeed, much among his books and manuscripts, and in his
laboratory. With the help of an amanuensis, he carried on a large
correspondence among the new philosophers of the Old World, and the
Christian missionaries in the New. The New Englanders wrote to him as
their fount of charity: “Right Honourable, charitable, indefatiguable,
nursing father.” He had tried to spread the knowledge of the Bible in
the East, in Turkish and Arabic, and in the Malayan tongue; and the
publication of the Irish Bible was one of the great interests of his
later years. While Narcissus Marsh[332] and others did the actual work
of translation and dissemination in Ireland, Robert Boyle in Pall Mall
promoted it “with his influence and purse”; and Boyle’s Irish Bible was
to find its way into Gaelic Scotland also, before Scotland had a Gaelic
Bible of her own.[333]
But Boyle spent his money also in helping individual cases—people whose
lots were less happy than he thought they deserved; poor hard-worked
clergy; the “distress’d refugees of France and Ireland”; and “learned men
who were put to wrestle with necessities.” He did this, very quietly,
for many years—usually by the hands of one or two personal friends in
whose discretion he could trust. Gilbert Burnet, in those latter years,
was one of these friends; and Burnet’s own _History of the Reformation_
would never have been published without Boyle’s assistance. So quietly
did Boyle dispense his charities that sometimes the very men so helped
did not know from whence the help came; but Burnet says that for years
Boyle spent on this form of charity more than £1000 a year, which would
mean more than three times that sum to-day. And he gave impartially,
without thought of race or creed, holding himself to be “a part of the
human nature, a debtor to the whole race of men.” Perhaps his especial
_protégés_ were those who had suffered for their religious and political
convictions. A story of any kind of persecution would bring a flush
of anger and distress to his gentle face, and words of the deepest
indignation to lips which rarely opened to “speak against men.”
Each year saw the publication of new tracts and treatises, and revised
editions. They follow each other almost too quickly for enumeration.
His _Discourse of Things above Reason: inquiring whether a philosopher
should admit there are any such_, appeared in 1681; his _Memoirs of the
Natural History of the Human Blood_, in 1684. That was the winter of the
Great Frost, 1683-4, when all London bivouacked and made merry on the
frozen Thames, and the smallpox was “very mortall.” It must have been
a trying winter for the invalid philosopher; for London “by reason of
the excessive coldnesse of the aire hindering the ascent of the smoke,
was so fill’d with the fuliginous steame of the sea-coale that hardly
could one see crosse the streetes, and thro’ filling the lungs with its
grosse particles exceedingly obstructed the breast, so as one could
scarcely breathe.”[334] And there was no water to be had from pipes or
engines; the birds and beasts died in the parks, the breweries were at a
standstill, and fuel was exorbitantly dear.
The treatise _Of the High Veneration Man’s Intellect Owes to God_
appeared in 1685, and _A Free Enquiry into the Vulgarly Received Notion
of Nature_ in 1686. _The Martyrdom of Theodora and of Didymus_, written
in his youth, was revised and printed in 1687; and about this time
Boyle was advertising among the _virtuosi_ for his lost and plagiarised
manuscripts, evidently with some intention of bringing out a collected
edition of his works. The only collection hitherto had been a very
incomplete Latin edition, published without his knowledge in Geneva, in
1677. In 1690 he published his _Medicina Hydrostatica_, and the first
part of _The Christian Virtuoso_;[335] and in 1691—the last year of his
life—his _Experimenta Observationes Physicæ_. Some of his writings, left
with his executors, were to appear posthumously; and he had deposited
with the secretaries of the Royal Society a sealed packet containing
his account of the making of phosphorus—not to be opened till after his
death.[336]
A busy life, to the last; but what a quiet life it was for the sister and
brother during those last momentous years, in the house in Pall Mall!
History swept past them: Kings came and went, Cabinets changed, beautiful
faces faded, Parliaments were dissolved, creeds and parties wrangled and
plotted, brave men—and women too—died on scaffolds and the gallows-tree
and at the stake for political crimes. All the world knows about Lord
Russell and Algernon Sidney; but it is sometimes forgotten that Mrs.
Lisle, the wife of a regicide, laid her head on the block for “harbouring
a rebel”, and that Elizabeth Gaunt, for the same political crime, was
burned at Tyburn.[337] A new London grew up over the old ruins—new
steeples on old foundations—and fashionable new squares were built where
green fields had been. And all the time a great and cumbrous Constitution
was raising itself over centuries of abuse and sacrifice—a nation’s blood
and tears.
Events crowded the canvas: Charles II’s melodramatic ending; the
accession of the bigot James II; Monmouth’s rising and execution; the
“Bloody Assizes” of Judge Jeffreys, in Dorset and Somerset; James’s
league with the French; the revoking of the Edict of Nantes and the
horrible atrocities that followed. Catholicism spread its fibres
throughout England, permeating Army, Law Courts, Parliament and
University. Priests—Carmelites, Benedictines and Franciscans—walked about
the streets of London, and a huge Jesuit school was set up in the Savoy.
In Scotland, a Catholic was in command at Edinburgh Castle: in Ireland,
a Catholic was at the head of the Army, and thousands of Catholic Irish
were drafted into its ranks.[338]
A boy was born to James II and Mary of Modena, and there were whispered
stories of imposture and the historic warming-pan. Then Protestantism
closed up its ranks, the State Church and the Nonconformists combined in
face of a common danger, and the hopes of Protestant England were fixed
upon William and Mary. Another message carried from England to The Hague
brought another Prince to English shores, but this time “to intervene
in arms for the restoration of English liberty and the protection of
the Protestant religion”. Another proclamation in London, but this time
of an Anglo-Dutch Prince, and a Princess who was not only the daughter
of James II but the granddaughter of Hyde, Earl of Clarendon. Another
bloody rebellion in Ireland, another chapter of massacre and terrorism;
but this time it was Ulster, and the Ulster Scots, who were fighting
for Protestantism. Robert Boyle and Lady Ranelagh, growing old in the
house in the Mall—two children of the great Elizabethan Puritan Earl of
Cork—had watched Munster pass again into the hands of the Catholic Irish;
but they lived just long enough to see William and Mary Sovereigns of
England, and to have the tidings of the Siege of Londonderry and the
Battle of the Boyne. One of the last reports of the Rebellion that can
have reached Lady Ranelagh was the taking of Athlone by the English:
it must have brought back to her the early days of her married life,
when Arthur Jones had carried her off to Athlone Castle, a beautiful,
high-spirited girl of sixteen.
And now she was seventy-six. To her, if to nobody else in the world,
her philosopher brother, twelve years her junior, was still “Robyn”—the
“Deare Squire.” There were some empty rooms and many memories in the
house in Pall Mall; but the sister and brother were together, and it was
a hospitable and pleasant house, and open to many friends. Distinguished
strangers from many parts of the world came to pay their respects to
Mr. Boyle, the celebrated Sceptical Chymist and Christian _Virtuoso_,
and his incomparable sister, the Lady Ranelagh, who for fifty years had
lived “on the most public scene,” and “made the greatest figure in all
the revolutions of these kingdoms of any woman of that age.”[339] The
London _virtuosi_—and there were bishops as well as mathematicians among
them—brought their latest literary and scientific gossip to the house in
the Mall. The elder brother, old Lord Burlington, was sometimes to be
found there, with a conversational statesman or two in tow, who could
successfully dodge the politics of the moment by indulging in such a
pleasant and safe topic as the _amours_ of Mary, Queen of Scots, with
“the Italian favourite.”[340] Gilbert Burnet—that eloquent and happy
Scotsman south of the Tweed—sat at Mr. Boyle’s feet and took notes:
his bishopric was to come with the accession of William and Mary. Even
Pyrophilus must have looked in upon his mother and uncle now and then.
Dick’s fortunes were up; he was an important man, had grown fat and
very witty, and was building himself a fine house in Chelsea.[341] His
mother’s portrait was to hang on the wall of his private closet, looking
at him long after she was dead; outliving other loves.[342]
Men and women of the younger generation of this great family were living
round about Piccadilly, St. James’s, and Pall Mall. One niece especially,
my Lady Thanet, a married daughter of Lord and Lady Burlington, was a
“greate virtuosa,” known in London Society as one who “used to speak much
of her uncle.”[343] And Evelyn, the friend of nearly forty years, though
he was a good deal older than Boyle, still found his way from Deptford to
Pall Mall to visit the philosopher and his sister.
In the afternoons, Boyle was seldom without company; “neither did his
severer studys,” says Evelyn, “soure his conversation in the least.” He
had “the most facetious and agreeable conversation in the world among
the ladys, whenever he happen’d to be engag’d; and yet so very serious,
compos’d and contemplative at all other times; tho’ far from moroseness,
for indeede he was affable and civil rather to excesse, yet without
formality.”[344]
So popular were Mr. Boyle’s cosmopolitan receptions that about the
year 1689 he was obliged to put a “board” on the door in Pall Mall,
mentioning the days on which he was “at home.” And he actually printed an
announcement, beginning “Mr. Boyle finds himself obliged to intimate to
those of his friends and acquaintances who are wont to do him the honour
of visiting him,” and going on to explain that his “skilful and friendly
physician, seconded by his best friends”, had strongly advised him not to
see quite so many people.[345]
The forenoons of Tuesdays and Fridays, therefore, “both foreign
post-days,” and the afternoons of Wednesdays and Saturdays, he proposed
in future to reserve for himself, “that he might have some time, both
to recruit his spirits, to range his papers and fill up the _lacunæ_
of them, and to take some care of his affairs in Ireland, which are
very much disordered, and have their face often changed by the public
calamities there.”[346]
The announcement seems to have had the desired effect. “The mornings,”
says Evelyn in his description of the daily routine of Boyle’s last
years, “after his private devotions, he usually spent in philosophic
studys and in his laboratory, sometimes extending them to night.” But he
told Evelyn he had quite given up reading by candle-light, on account
of his eyes. His amanuensis used to read to him, and write from notes,
or at his dictation; and “that so often in loose papers, pack’d up
without method, as made him sometimes to seeke upon occasion, as himself
confesses in divers of his works.” And apparently Boyle was not more
tidy than other learned men. “Glasses, potts, chymical and mathematical
instruments, books and bundles of papers, did so fill and crowd his
bedchamber, that there was but just room for a few chaires, so as his
whole equipage was very philosophical, without formality.” Among the
other rooms in the house there was a small library. Boyle did not want
more: “as learning more from men, real experiments, and in his laboratory
(which was ample and well furnished) than from books.”[347]
And the man himself, in these last years? He was “rather tall, and
slender of stature, pale, and much emaciated.” Owing to his delicacy
of constitution, “he had divers sorts of cloaks to put on when he
went abroad, and in this he governed himself by his thermometer.” His
little difficulty of speech had never quite forsaken him. “In his first
addresses, being to speake or answer,” says Evelyn, “he did sometimes
a little hesitate, rather than stam’er or repeate the same word;
imputable to an infirmity which, since my remembrance, he had exceedingly
overcome. This, as it made him somewhat slow and deliberate, so after
the first effort, he proceeded without the least interruption in his
discourse.”[348]
In diet and in habit, Robert Boyle was “extreamely temperate and plaine”;
nor could Evelyn, in all their friendship, ever discover in him “the
least passion, transport, or censoriousnesse, whatever discourse, or the
times, suggested:
“All was tranquil, easy, serious, discreete and profitable, so as besides
Mr. Hobbes, whose hand was against everybody and admired nothing but his
owne, Francis Linus excepted (who yet with much civility wrote against
him), I do not remember he had the least antagonist.”[349]
The brother and sister had both been ill in the late autumn of 1691,
when Boyle wrote to Dr. Turberville at Salisbury, begging for a further
prescription for his eyes. “Sight is a thing dear to all men,” he wrote,
almost apologetically, “and especially to studious persons.” His eyes
had been troubling him very much of late, especially by candle-light.
“When the candles are newly snuffed,” wrote this great experimental
philosopher, “I see far better for a little while:” but they very soon
wanted snuffing again.[350]
Evelyn was out of town on December 23, when Lady Ranelagh died; and
he did not hear of her death, or of her brother’s serious illness
immediately after it, till it was too late. “For it was then,” says
Evelyn, “he began evidently to droope apace.” When Evelyn returned
to town, it was to stand by his old friend’s grave. Robert Boyle had
survived his sister only seven days: he died on December 30, 1691.
He was buried near to Lady Ranelagh, in the Chancel of St.
Martin’s-in-the-Fields.[351] Burnet, now Bishop of Salisbury, preached
the funeral sermon “with that eloquence natural to him on such and all
other occasions,” taking for his text the words, “For God giveth to a
man that is good in His sight, wisdom, and knowledge, and joy.”[352]
“Something too,” says Evelyn, “was touched of his sister, the Lady
Ranelagh.” But indeed it was not necessary. Her intellect and character
were known to all those who stood about the grave. Her high standards
and strong judgment would have been a gain to the statecraft of her day.
But she was a woman; and if for more than twenty years her life had been
a rich and beautiful thing as the sister of Robert Boyle, for nearly
forty years before that she had been the brave but unhappy wife of Arthur
Jones—“the foulest churl in the Worlde.”
By Boyle’s own direction, his funeral was “without the least pomp”; but
round his grave there stood, besides his own many relatives, “a greate
appearance of persons of the best and noblest quality.”
Most of his Irish lands were entailed, and went to the eldest brother,
the Earl of Burlington and Cork. “It does not afflict me,” so runs the
will, “that I have not children of my own to inherit my entailed lands,
since they are, by that defect, to return to him, the truly honoured head
of our house and family.” The Manor of Stalbridge went to Frank, the Lord
Viscount Shannon, together with Robyn’s best watch and an affectionate
message. Frank would notice that the Manor House had been kept up “for
his sake,” though Robyn had had no mind to live in it. Mrs. Melster,
the niece who had married the _valet de pé_, is included among Boyle’s
“honoured and dear nieces,” and is remembered more sumptuously than the
others, not because there is any difference of affection, but because of
her “peculiar circumstances.” There were other lands in Ireland, and many
bequests and legacies to relatives, friends, and servants besides the
charitable bequests left in the hands of trustees.[353] “Our Society”
and the happy days at Gresham College were not forgotten. Dr. King was
to have a silver standish, and to Robert Hooke, the “perfecter” of the
beloved air-pump, was left “my best microscope, and my best loadstone.”
When Robert Boyle made his will in the summer of 1691 he evidently had
not thought it possible that Lady Ranelagh would die before him. He had
made her one of his executors, and he had left her all his manuscripts
and his “collections of receipts.” But he had left her something else.
At the very beginning of his will, first and foremost of all his worldly
possessions, Robert Boyle puts a small ring:
“And as touching my temporal estate, wherewith God of His goodness hath
been pleased to endow me, I dispose thereof in manner and form following;
that is to say—
“I give and bequeathe unto my dear sister, the Lady Katharine,
Viscountess Ranelagh, a small ring, usually worn by me on my left hand,
having in it two small diamonds with an emerald in the middle, which ring
being held by me, ever since my youth, in great esteem, and worn for
many years for a particular reason, not unknown to my said sister, the
Lady Ranelagh, I do earnestly beseech her, my said sister, to wear it in
remembrance of a brother that truly honoured and most dearly loved her.”
But Lady Ranelagh was dead—seven days before Robert Boyle. What became
of the small ring? And what was its story? Why had Boyle worn it on his
left hand ever since his youth, holding it in great esteem? Lady Ranelagh
knew—and Lady Ranelagh was dead. What was the “particular reason”? The
story of the little ring, if not the ring itself, is buried in the
Chancel of St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields.
FOOTNOTES
[1] Lismore Papers, first series, vol. i.
[2] _Philaretus._ Robert Boyle left a fragment of Autobiography, _An
Account of Philaretus (~i.e.~ Mr. R. Boyle) during his Minority_. See
_Works_, ed. Birch, 6 vols., 1774.
[3] For a delightful modern biography, see the _Life and Letters of the
Great Earl of Cork_, by Dorothea Townshend (Duckworth).
[4] See the Lismore Papers (referred to throughout as L. P.), edited by
the late Rev. Alexander B. Grosart, D.D., LL.D., from the original MSS.
belonging to the Duke of Devonshire, and preserved in Lismore Castle (10
vols.).
[5] Corpus Christi.
[6] Froude’s _History_, vol. vii. (1562).
[7] _Ibid._
[8] Edmund Spenser’s _View of the Present State of Ireland_.
[9] Then worth about five times as much.
[10] Spenser’s _View of the Present State of Ireland_.
[11] _True Remembrances._
[12] _True Remembrances._
[13] Life of the Earl of Cork in the L. P., second series, vol. v.
[14] Equal to about £5000 now.
[15] _True Remembrances._
[16] _Philaretus._
[17] L. P., first series, vol. i.
[18] _Philaretus._
[19] Aubrey’s Account.
[20] Oliver St. John, High Treasurer for Ireland.
[21] This celebrated tavern, “haunted by roysterers and famous for its
wine” in Ben Jonson’s day, and dating back into the 15th century, was in
New Fish Street (Cunningham’s _London_). Croone must have moved into “new
and enlarged premises,” for he will be found in 1641 at the Nag’s Head
Tavern, in Cheapside.
[22] See Evelyn’s _Diary_ and Pepys’s _Diary_.
[23] Abbott.
[24] Loftus, Earl of Ely. He and Sir Adam Loftus of Rathfarnham were
cousins.
[25] Falkland.
[26] The Earl’s house is mentioned as “my Lord Caulfield’s.”
[27] In succession to Lord Grandison, whose house in Channell Row the
Earl had rented.
[28] She was buried with her mother in the tomb in St. Patrick’s.
[29] _Life of Milton_, by David Masson.
[30] Mall.
[31] _Ireland under the Stuarts_, vol i.
[32] Bulkeley and Usher.
[33] Charles I to Lord Deputy, 1634. L. P., second series, vol. iii.
[34] Though, in his _Philaretus_, he dates it a little earlier. It is,
however, evidently the same that is recorded in the Earl’s _Diary_ under
the date Dec. 17, 1634.
[35] _Philaretus._
[36] _Philaretus._
[37] See L. P., second series, Carew’s letters from Eton to Earl of Cork.
[38] They were “commensals” at the second table. See Lyte’s _History of
Eton_.
[39] See the masterly biography of Wotton in the _Dictionary of National
Biography_. Also Izaak Walton’s _Life of Wotton_, and Masson’s _Milton_,
vol. i.
[40] See his lines on “His Mistress, the Queen of Bohemia,” Percy Society
Publications, vol. vi.
[41] See Masson’s _Milton_, vol. i. p. 531.
[42] Evelyn’s _Diary_.
[43] Was “Irish” part of the Eton curriculum in 1635?
[44] L. P., second series, Carew’s letters to the Earl.
[45] _Philaretus._
[46] _Ibid._
[47] _Philaretus._
[48] L. P., second series, Carew’s letters to Earl.
[49] See _A Poem written by Sir Henry Wotton in his Youth_, Percy Society
Publications, vol. vi.
[50] Masson’s _Life of Milton_, vol. i. p. 665.
[51] _Ibid._
[52] It was payable in three instalments, the third to be paid on
Midsummer Day 1638.
[53] Compare Prospero in _The Tempest_: “To my poor cell”.
[54] L. P., first series, vol. v.
[55] L. P., first series, vol. v.
[56] Lady Warwick’s _Autobiography_ (Percy Society).
[57] Variously explained as being the arbutus, and espalier apples.
[58] George Goring was now Governor of Portsmouth. He had been wounded in
the leg at the siege of Breda, had been going about London on crutches,
and was still lame.
[59] He died, after a long illness, in December 1639. See his Hymn,
written “in a night of my late sickness” (Percy Society, vol. vi.).
[60] See Masson’s _Milton_, vol. i.
[61] _Philaretus._
[62] See Masson’s _Milton_, vol. ii.: First and second Bishops’ Wars.
[63] L. P., second series, vol. iv.: Letter from Lord Barrymore to the
Earl of Cork, 1639.
[64] Pepys’s _Diary_, Sept. 28, 1668.
[65] _Verney Memoirs_, vol. i.
[66] L. P., second series, vol. v.
[67] _Verney Memoirs_, vol. i.
[68] Afterwards Earl of Clanbrassil.
[69] Son of Sir George Carew, Earl of Totness.
[70] _Philaretus._
[71] L. P., second series, vol. iv.
[72] _Philaretus._
[73] _Philaretus._
[74] Countess of Warwick’s _Autobiography_ (Percy Society).
[75] Broghill and Kynalmeaky had boarded with the celebrated Dr. Diodati,
at the Villa Diodati, outside Geneva.
[76] L. P., second series, vol. iv.
[77] _Philaretus._
[78] _Philaretus._
[79] L. P., second series, vol. iv.
[80] L. P., second series, vol. iv.
[81] _Philaretus._
[82] L. P., second series, vol. iv.
[83] Lady Dungarvan’s mother was a Cecil.
[84] Earl’s letter quoted in Collins’ _Peerage_.
[85] _Autobiography of the Countess of Warwick_ (Percy Society).
[86] _Philaretus._
[87] _Philaretus._
[88] St. Bernard.
[89] L. P., second series, vol. iv.
[90] It was the Earl of Leicester.
[91] Birch’s “Life of Boyle,” in Boyle’s _Works_, vol. i.
[92] _Ibid._
[93] _Philaretus._
[94] L. P., first series, vol. v.
[95] See Masson’s _Milton_, vol. ii.
[96] L. P., first series, vol. v.
[97] L. P., first series, vol. v. Daubigne’s = Dunbar’s. Lady Suffolk was
daughter and heiress of the Earl of Dunbar.
[98] Suckling died in 1641.
[99] Morrice’s account of her in his “Life of the Earl of Orrery,”
prefixed to the _Orrery State Papers_.
[100] Boyle to Lady Orrery: Birch, vol. i.
[101] Countess of Warwick’s _Autobiography_.
[102] Countess of Warwick’s _Autobiography_ (Percy Society).
[103] L. P., first series, vol. v.
[104] St. Leger.
[105] L. P., first and second series, vol. v. For a masterly account of
the Rebellion of 1641, read Bagwell’s _Ireland under the Stuarts_.
[106] L. P., second series, vol. v.
[107] L. P., second series, vol. v.
[108] Lord Barrymore died on Sept. 29. It was thought he had been wounded
at Liscarrol.
[109] L. P., first series, vol. v.
[110] She died in England in July 1643.
[111] See Mrs. Townshend’s _Life of the Great Earl of Cork_.
[112] Usual.
[113] Letter to Kynalmeaky, L. P., second series, vol. v. The original
letter in the Lismore Papers is much mutilated (“apparently mice-eaten”).
(Grosart.)
[114] Evelyn’s _Diary_ for 1646.
[115] Evelyn’s _Diary_ for 1646. Masson’s _Milton_, vol. iii.
[116] Evelyn’s _Diary_ in 1646.
[117] February 1644.
[118] Milton’s Latin letter to Dick Jones. See Masson’s _Milton_.
[119] Cunningham’s _London; Pall Mall_. Account of Lord Broghill’s visit
to Lady Ranelagh (Morrice & Budgell).
[120] _Catherine_, _m._ (1) Sir William Parsons, (2) Hugh, Lord
Mount-Alexander; _Elizabeth_, _m._ Mr. Melster; _Frances_, _d. unm._;
_Richard_, 2nd Visc. Ranelagh.
[121] Identity not known.
[122] Countess of Warwick’s _Autobiography_.
[123] _Ibid._
[124] Robert Boyle: _Philaretus_.
[125] Robert Boyle’s Letter to Mr. Tallents: Birch’s _Life_.
[126] Lord Broghill, who was Governor of Youghal, returned to England
in 1645 (bringing with him his wife and Lady Barrymore and young Lord
Barrymore) to obtain further assistance of English troops. See Bagwell’s
_History of Ireland under the Stuarts_, vol. ii.
[127] Masson’s _Milton_, vol. iii. p. 338.
[128] Sir William Wray, member of House of Commons in Long Parliament.
[129] Tutor in Geneva to the little Lord Carnarvon.
[130] See _Autobiography of Anne, Lady Halkett_ (Camden Society).
[131] Birch’s _Life_, vol. vi. p. 534.
[132] Letter to Lady Ranelagh, March 1646: Birch’s _Life_.
[133] Broghill seems to have been more anxious to avoid them than Robert
Boyle himself. “Strange that so well-armed an head should be fearful!”
says Robert Boyle in his letter to Lady Ranelagh.
[134] There is a little touch of sarcasm in this letter, which may
well be a sly thrust at Lord Howard of Escrick, in his place among the
Divines, as a lay elder of the Westminster Assembly. At Winchester the
little party were “as nicely catechised concerning our ways as if we were
to be elected in the number of the new lay elders.” Lord Edward Howard’s
subsequent career—his expulsion from the House for receiving bribes, and
his betrayal of Lord Russell and Algernon Sidney, are matters of history.
[135] The Committee of the Two Kingdoms, very active after the
organisation of the New Model. It sat in, and issued its orders from,
Derby House, Cannon Row, Westminster.
[136] Letter to Lady Ranelagh, March 1646: Birch’s _Life_.
[137] Early letter, undated, Birch, vol. vi.
[138] It was Essex who had spoken the words that sealed Strafford’s doom:
“Stone dead hath no fellow.”
[139] Inchiquin and Broghill had both declared for the Parliament.
[140] Bringing, it will be remembered, Lady Pegg, Lady Barrymore, and
young Lord Barrymore home with him. Young Barrymore must have gone
straight to Milton in the Barbican.
[141] Usher.
[142] Augustine.
[143] In due time Lord Broghill was to send his own sons to Marcombes in
Geneva. The old governour was much gratified at having a batch of the
second generation of the Boyle family put under his charge.
[144] David Masson’s _Milton_, iii. 662.
[145] Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, and former tutor to Lady
Pegg’s brothers.
[146] Letter to John Durie about a Union of the Churches, Birch’s Ed.
_Works_.
[147] To Lady Ranelagh: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[148] Robert Boyle to Hartlib, May 1647: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[149] “Marginal Note” in _Occasional Reflections_, Section II, ed. 1665,
p. 187.
[150] Not published till after his death.
[151] After lying many years in manuscript they were published at her
entreaty—dedicated to her—after the Restoration.
[152] _Occasional Reflections_, ed. 1665, pp. 245, 161.
[153] _Ibid._ p. 256: _Upon my Spaniel’s fetching me my glove_.
[154] Written after 1648.
[155] See p. 194. Lindamor, the scholarly youth, well born and well
bred, seems often in his writings to represent Boyle himself. The direct
reference to “Mr. Boyle” is a favourite device of the author. Swift
has satirised the _Reflections_ in his “Occasional Meditations on a
Broomstick,” but he has not acknowledged “The Eating of Oysters” as the
inspiration of his _Gulliver’s Travels_.
[156] For historical accounts see Masson’s _Milton_, vol. iii, and
Bagwell’s _Ireland under the Stuarts_, vol. ii.
[157] It was Anne Murray, the girl-friend of “My Robyn’s yonge Mrs.,”
who was entrusted with the dressing-up of the young Prince. See _Diary_
of Anne, Lady Halkett (Camden Society) for pretty description of the
dressing-up, and the “Wood Street cake” given to the boy at parting.
[158] Robert Boyle’s letter to Mrs. Hussey: Birch’s _Life_.
[159] Letter to Mrs. Hussey.
[160] Sentiment.
[161] _Vide_ Robert Boyle’s _Reflections_ written in that month: “Upon
the prodigiously wet weather which happened the summer that Colchester
was besieged (1648).”
[162] _Ibid._
[163] The family seem to have had their town house in Soho, and were
“distinguished parishioners” of St. Giles in the Fields (see Cunningham’s
_London_). The Earl, when he died in 1661, left property in Long Acre and
St. Martin’s Lane, etc.
[164] He died of smallpox, 1649, and was buried in the Savoy.
[165] Afterwards Earl of Clanbrassil.
[166] Evelyn’s letter to Dr. Wotton about Robert Boyle.
[167] Masson’s _Milton_, vol. iii.
[168] Letter to Lady Ranelagh, August 1649: Birch’s Ed. of _Works_, vol.
vi.
[169] Compare Budgell’s and Morrice’s accounts.
[170] Bagwell’s _Ireland under the Stuarts_.
[171] Robert Boyle’s letter: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[172] Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[173] This wife died young. The second wife was a daughter of Henry
Lawrence, presumably a sister of young Barrymore’s friend and
fellow-pupil at Milton’s house in the Barbican.
[174] Broghill’s letter to Lenthall, quoted by Bagwell. For the whole
account of Broghill’s part in the war, see Bagwell’s _Ireland under the
Stuarts_.
[175] Charles II was then at Breda, and so were the Scottish
Commissioners. Montrose was executed in Edinburgh on May 21st, 1650,
and the Treaty of Breda had been signed on May 3rd, pledging Charles to
uphold the Covenant; but at this very time he was still using the Service
Book, and Breda itself was the gay scene of nightly “balling and dancing.”
[176] Cary.
[177] _Philaretus._
[178] The heroine of _Seraphick Love_.
[179] Robert Boyle’s brother Francis was his heir presumptive.
[180] This may have been young Lord Barrymore’s second wife, daughter of
Henry Lawrence.
[181] _Philaretus._
[182] Colonel Lawrence’s account, quoted by Bagwell.
[183] Chalked up on the door of the House of Commons.
[184] Bagwell.
[185] _Some Worthies of the Irish Churches_, by G. T. Stokes, D.D., ed.
by Dr. Lawlor, p. 74.
[186] Birch’s _Life_.
[187] Letter from Hartlib to Boyle; Birch’s ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[188] The _Encænia_.
[189] The _Sheldonian_ was not then in existence.
[190] Kendal.
[191] Afterwards Bishop of Lincoln.
[192] Cp. Evelyn’s _Diary_, August 6, 1657: “I went to see Col. Blount,
who shewed me the application of a _way-wiser_ to a coach, exactly
measuring the miles and shewing them by an index as we went on ... very
pretty and useful.”
[193] Birch’s _Life_. Lady Ranelagh’s letter is dated merely “Oct. 12.”
It must have been written in October 1653, after Boyle was back in
Ireland, or so late as 1654, before Boyle left Ireland for good.
[194] Birch’s _Life_.
[195] Evelyn’s letter to Dr. Wotton, 1703.
[196] Birch’s _Life_.
[197] Boyle’s _Occasional Reflections_ were not published till 1665, but
it is probable they were well known in manuscript.
[198] Bishop of Lincoln, after the Restoration.
[199] Robert Boyle to Lord Broghill: Birch’s _Life_; afterwards used as
_Epistle Dedicatory to the Considerations on the Style of the Scriptures_.
[200] Birch’s _Life_.
[201] Of Freshwater, in the Isle of Wight.
[202] Boyle’s Law, confirmed by Mariotte in 1676: “The volume of any
given sample of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional
to the pressure.”
[203] Hooke’s Law, 1676: _Ut tensio, sic vis_; “Strain is proportional to
stress.”
[204] Published Oxford, 1660.
[205] Birch’s _Life_.
[206] Attacked by Hobbes and Franciscus Linus; 2nd ed. London, 1662; 3rd
ed. London, 1682.
[207]
Oh Morning Star! give back the Day;
Why dost thou delay our joys?
Oh Morning Star! give back the Day!
[208] _An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language_,
published in folio, 1668. (The MS. was lost in the Fire of London.)
[209] Birch’s ed. _Works_.
[210] Boyle’s Law is not _strictly_ applicable, if all modern refinements
of experiment are used, to any gases except an “ideal” gas; but for all
practical purposes it is exact, because the corrections to it are only
minute additions, and not alterations.
[211] Professor Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S., etc., in his
_Presidential Address to the British Association for the Advancement of
Science_, Portsmouth, 1911.
[212] _Autobiography of the Countess of Warwick_ (Percy Society).
[213] _Autobiography._
[214] Lady Ranelagh to Robert Boyle, Birch’s ed. _Works_.
[215] _Autobiography of the Countess of Warwick._
[216] Edward Phillips’s account.
[217] Richard Jones was not at any college.
[218] Peter du Moulin, Royalist and Episcopalian, had been private tutor
to the second Earl of Cork’s family in Ireland. He translated the _Devil
of Mascon_, a French story of authenticated spirit-rapping, published
in 1658, with an introductory letter by Robert Boyle, to whom it was
dedicated; and in 1670 du Moulin dedicated a volume of Latin poems to
Boyle. He was the author of the _Regii Sanguinis Clamor_. His brother, on
the other hand—Lewis du Moulin, Doctor of Physic—was a Parliamentarian
and Independent, and, after the Visitation, was Camden Professor of
History at Oxford.
[219] Name given by Boyle to that “hopeful young gentleman,” Mr. Richard
Jones, to whom Boyle addressed his _Physiological Essays_, etc.
[220] Passport granted in September 1656. See Masson’s _Milton_, vol.
v. Her eldest daughter, Catherine, was possibly then already married
and already in Ireland. She married (1) Sir William Parsons, (2) Lord
Mount-Alexander. The two other daughters, Elizabeth and Frances, were
with their mother (see later).
[221] Milton’s letters to Mr. Richard Jones. See Masson’s _Milton_, vol.
v.
[222] Evelyn’s letter to Wotton, 1703.
[223] Mrs. Evelyn was the daughter of Sir Richard Browne, English
Ambassador at Paris, where Evelyn married her.
[224] See later. Evelyn’s _Diary_ and letters.
[225] We still say “you and yours,” though not “yours” alone.
[226] David Masson. _Life of Milton_, vol. v, p. 358.
[227] Lord Ranelagh.
[228] Letter to Lord Broghill, Thurloe’s _State Papers_.
[229] Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[230] Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[231] “Virile government” was apparently assailed in 1659 as it is to-day.
[232] There were nine editions between 1660 and 1708, and it was
translated into Latin.
[233] Evelyn’s _Diary_, May 5, and May 25, 1659.
[234] He was one of the chief of the “Dynastic” or “Court” Cromwellians,
in opposition to the “Army” Cromwellians.
[235] Morrice; but Pepys mentions “Mr. Boyle” receiving a passport on
April 11, and on board Montagu’s ship, where he was treated as “a person
of honour,” on April 20.
[236] Evelyn.
[237] See Pepys’s graphic account of the crossing of Charles II from The
Hague, and Evelyn’s account of his reception in London.
[238] Petty’s invention of a “double-bottomed boat,” which made a great
talk at the time.
[239] _Discourses Useful for the Vain Modish Ladies and their Gallants._
1696.
[240] Charlotte Jemima Henrietta-Maria Boyle, who married a Howard
(nephew of Lord Broghill’s wife). Their child, “Stuarta Howard,” died
unmarried.
[241] Evelyn’s _Diary_, October 15, 1664. The first house, built by Sir
John Denham, to be succeeded by the later house (Cunningham’s _London_).
[242] Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[243] _Life of Edward Mountagu, K.G., First Earl of Sandwich_, by F. R.
Harris, vol. ii. p. 179.
[244] “Lyttle Francke” _m._ (1) Colonel Courtenay, and (2) Wentworth
Dillon, Earl of Roscommon. There were several daughters, and it was the
fourth daughter who married Lord Hinchinbroke. The fifth daughter married
Laurence Hyde, son of the Earl of Clarendon; and the third daughter
became Lady Thanet, the “virtuosa,” who used to speak much of her uncle
Robert Boyle, _vide_ Evelyn’s letter to Wotton.
[245] _Diary_, 1668.
[246] _Philaretus._
[247] Letter to Hooke in 1680, when Boyle declined to be President of the
Royal Society (see later).
[248] _Diary_, November 26, 1661.
[249] “Ianthe” was the name given to Mrs. Mary Saunderson, after her part
in Davenant’s _Siege of Rhodes_. She married Betterton and lived till
1712, having in her time played almost all Shakespeare’s great female
characters—“Nell” is, of course, Nell Gwynne.
[250] September 7, 1660 (two days after Broghill had been created Earl of
Orrery).
[251] March 9, 1661 (five weeks after the bodies of Cromwell, Ireton, and
Bradshaw had been exhumed and hanged at Tyburn).
[252] Robert Boyle’s nephew, young Lord Barrymore, had lost his first
wife, Susan Killigrew, and married again in 1656, “Martha, daughter of
Henry Lawrence, Esq.,” presumably a daughter of the President and sister
of his friend and fellow-pupil in the Barbican.
[253] Quoted from Masson’s _Milton_, vol. vi. p. 85.
[254] Pepys’s _Diary_, October 13, 1660.
[255] October 13, 14, and 17, 1660.
[256] Evelyn’s _Diary_.
[257] Part of the Church of the Old Priory of St. Bartholomew.
[258] John Goodwin, author of the Regicide pamphlet, _The Obstructors of
Justice_.
[259] Masson’s _Milton_, vol. vi. pp. 184-5.
[260] Afterwards Earl of Anglesey.
[261] George Goring, Lettice’s unkind husband, was dead. He was last seen
in 1657, in Madrid, ill and destitute,—disguised, it is said, in the
habit of a Dominican Friar.
[262] The old brick-and-timber house with its piazzas and “green court,”
called after the founder, Sir Thomas Gresham, whose dwelling-house it was
(1597).
[263] See previous mentions from diary of Earl of Cork, and King’s Head
Tavern in Cunningham’s _London_.
[264] See the _Record of the Royal Society of London_, third edition,
1912 (Printed for the Royal Society).
[265] Oldenburg to Boyle, June 1663 (Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vi.).
[266] Who preached the celebrated sermon that lasted three-and-a-half
hours, and then said he felt tired from _standing_ so long.
[267] Sprat’s _History of the Royal Society of London_, 1667.
[268] Evelyn’s _Diary_, May 1661.
[269] Dr. Wilkins and Oldenburg were Joint-Secretaries, but Oldenburg did
all the work.
[270] Still in constant use.
[271] By which the Society is still governed.
[272] Evelyn’s _Diary_, November 30, 1663.
[273] Pepys’s _Diary_, November 30, 1668.
[274] Record of the Royal Society of London, 1912.
[275] London, 1661.
[276] Oxford, 1661.
[277] Dr. Saunderson. It is to be remembered that Lord Broghill, as one
of the Lords Justices, had the drawing up of the Act of Settlement, and
that the Boyle family were already great Irish landowners, and with
hereditary claims on the country for personal service and sacrifice in
the Protestant and Royalist cause.
[278] Boyle to the Bishop of Cork, May 27, 1662: Birch, vi.
[279] Now among the relics of the Royal Society at Burlington House.
[280] Evelyn’s _Diary_, May 7, 1662.
[281] Evelyn speaks of Mr. Povy’s “well contrived cellar and other
elegancies,” and again of his “pretty cellar and the ranging of his
wine-bottles.”
[282] Oldenburg to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[283] Sorbière, _Relation d’un voyage en Angleterre_, 1664. Oldenburg’s
correspondents in various countries.
[284] Butler’s _The Elephant in the Moon_.
[285] _An Examen of Mr. Hobbes’ Dialogus Physicus de Naturâ Æris._
[286] Daubigney Turberville, of Oriel College: M.D. Oxford, 1660, the
well-known oculist, who, at Boyle’s suggestion, later practised in London
(see Pepys’s _Diary_).
[287] Evelyn’s _Diary_, October 24, 1664.
[288] Oldenburg to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[289] Evelyn, January 1665.
[290] The boat foundered in the Bay of Biscay, and Petty was censured for
“rashness,” but he persisted in believing in his invention. See Evelyn,
March 22, 1675. Petty’s invention is one of the relics of the Royal
Society in Burlington House.
[291] Pepys, December 17, 1664.
[292] Pepys, March 1, 1665.
[293] Pepys, February 15, 1665.
[294] _Memoirs of the Comte de Grammont._
[295] The great victory over the Dutch, June 3, 1665. Lord Burlington’s
second son, Mr. Richard Boyle, was killed on the _Royal Charles_.
[296] See Evelyn and Pepys for 1665-6.
[297] _Autobiography of the Countess of Warwick_ (Percy Society).
[298] Hooke to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[299] From Hampton Court to Salisbury, and then to Oxford.
[300] Nonsuch was selected for the offices of the Exchequer, and they
seem to have gone to Durdans, Lord Berkeley’s house near Epsom.
[301] Lady Ranelagh to Mr. Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[302] Boyle’s niece, Lord Burlington’s daughter.
[303] Lady Ranelagh to Boyle, September 9, 1665: Birch’s Ed. _Works_,
vol. vi.
[304] The poet Waller’s house, Hall Barn, Beaconsfield.
[305] Lady Anglesey’s house, near Epping.
[306] F.R.S., President of the Royal College of Physicians.
[307] Oldenburg to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[308] Oldenburg to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[309] Lady Ranelagh to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[310] Evelyn’s _Diary_, and Letter to Sir Samuel Tuke.
[311] The model is preserved in All Souls’ College, Oxford.
[312] J. R. Green, writing in 1882: _History of the English People_, vol.
iii. p. 382.
[313] Near Windsor.
[314] Evelyn’s _Diary_.
[315] Lady Ranelagh to Robert Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vol. vi.
[316] Evelyn: January 9, 1667.
[317] _Diary_, June 25, 1667.
[318] Which he called “Philosophical Commerce.”
[319] Morrice: _Earl of Orrery’s State Papers_. Evelyn, Pepys, Oldenburg
to Boyle (Birch); Green’s _History_; Masson’s _Milton_.
[320] Morrice.
[321] The pious royalist, Dr. John Fell, who himself preached in blank
verse, and was perhaps not a disciplinarian.
[322] Wallis to Boyle, 1669: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vi.
[323] Waller, 1661.
[324] Lady Ranelagh to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vi.
[325] See account in Cunningham’s _London_.
[326] Evelyn’s _Diary_, May 1671.
[327] Evelyn to Wotton.
[328] About £40 a year, which would mean about £140 now.
[329] Evelyn’s _Diary_.
[330] Lady Ranelagh to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vi.
[331] Now a great man, not only in the Society of which he had so long
been Curator. He had blossomed out as an architect, and had achieved
Montague House, afterwards the British Museum.
[332] Afterwards Archbishop of Armagh.
[333] Letters of Marsh to Boyle: Birch’s Ed. _Works_, vi. _Bedell’s
Life_, by T. Wharton Jones, F.R.S. (Camden Society). _Some Worthies of
the Irish Church_, by G. T. Stokes, D.D., ed. by H. F. Lawlor, D.D.
Appendix to Boyle’s _Life_: Birch, vol. i.
[334] Evelyn, January 1684.
[335] The second part appeared after his death.
[336] _Transactions_, 1692.
[337] J. R. Green’s _History of the English People_, vol. iv.
[338] J. R. Green’s _History of the English People_, vol. iv.
[339] See Burnet’s Sermon, preached at the funeral of Robert Boyle, and
Birch’s _Life_.
[340] Evelyn, Oct. 30, 1688.
[341] Ranelagh House, afterwards sold and turned into the famous Ranelagh
Gardens.
[342] Left to his daughter in his will.
[343] Evelyn to Wotton.
[344] _Ibid._
[345] Birch’s _Life_.
[346] Boyle dictated a good deal to Burnet, and the use of the Scottish
word “forenoon” suggests that Burnet assisted in the drawing up of this
announcement. Evelyn, the Englishman, uses the word “morning.”
[347] Evelyn to Wotton.
[348] _Ibid._
[349] Evelyn to Wotton.
[350] Birch’s _Life_.
[351] Where, also, Nell Gwynne had been buried in 1687.
[352] Eccles. ii. 26. The sermon was published and may be read.
[353] Among these was one to found and endow in perpetuity the Boyle
Lectures—a course of eight lectures, which are still delivered yearly—“In
Defence of Christianity.”
INDEX
Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, 22
Act of Oblivion. _See_ Indemnity Bill
_Air, the Spring and Weight of the_, 189, 202, 248, 288
Aix, 99
Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, 224, 232, 237, 269, 270
Aldersgate Street, 128, 130, 133
Aldgate, 128, 133
All Souls’ College, Oxford, 199, 254
_Amadis de Gaule_, 67, 68
_Amoretti_, Spenser’s, 7
Anglesey, Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of, 239
⸺, Lady, 262 _note_
Annarye, 112
Antibes, 106
Apple-Tree Yard, 286
Apsley, Joan, 7, 11
⸺, William, 7
Arcadia, the French, 87
_Arcadia_, Sir Philip Sidney’s, 61, 76
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl of, 160
Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of, 274, 278
Armagh, 147
Arminianism, 45
Arminius, 44
Armstrong, Archie, 57
_Army Remonstrance, The_, 167
Arno, the, 106
_Art of War, The_, 280, 295
Artillery Walk, 240
Arundel, Earl of, 22
⸺ House, 272, 273, 294
Ashmole, Elias, 242
Astrea, 87
Athlone Castle, 25, 31, 38, 75, 302
Aubrey, John, 242
Audley End, 262
Augsburg, 44, 66
Auvergne, 57
Bacon, Anthony, 9
⸺, Francis, Lord, 44, 67
Badnedge, Mr. Thomas, 39, 40, 41
Baillie, Robert, 212
Ball, William, 241
Balliol College, Oxford, 190
Bandon, 171
Bandonbridge, 114
Barbican, 130, 146 _note_, 161, 172 and _note_, 234
Barebones Parliament, 182
Barlow, Dr., 191, 199 and _note_, 200
Barrow, Dr. Isaac, 243 and _note_, 286
Barrymore, Alice Boyle, Countess of, 13, 15, 23, 24, 37, 60, 63, 74,
81, 83, 92, 111, 135, 146 _note_, 172
⸺, David Barry, 1st Earl of, 15, 24, 26, 36, 37, 60, 63, 64, 71,
72, 78, 88, 107, 111, 113, 119, 120 and _note_
⸺, Richard, 2nd Earl of, 130, 135, 146 _note_, 161, 172 and
_note_, 210, 234, 235 and _note_
⸺, Susan Killigrew, first wife of 2nd Earl, 172 and _note_, 235
and _note_
⸺, Martha Lawrence, second wife of 2nd Earl, 235 and _note_
Bartholomew Close, 237
Basinghall Street, 240
Bates, Dr., 208
Bath, 63, 77, 78, 133, 135, 168, 169
Bathurst, Dr., 242
Beaconsfield, 202, 262 and _note_
Beale, Dr. John, 253
Beaumont, Lady, 16, 21
⸺, Sapcott, 16, 21, 25, 75
Bede, the Venerable, 191
Bedell, Bishop, 130
Bedford, Francis Russell, 4th Earl of, 20
Ben Jonson, 8
Bennet College, Cambridge (Corpus Christi), 3
Bergamo, 103
Berkeley, Lord, 260 _note_
Berwick, 77
Betterton, Thomas, 231, 232 and _note_
Beza, 44, 88, 124
“Black Pots,” 46
_Black Prince, The_, 277
Blackwater, the, 36
Blount, Colonel, 214
Bodleian Library, the, 187, 191, 199, 200
Bohemia, Queen of, 44
Bologna, 103
Bond Street, 287
_Booker’s Almanack_, 270
Boyle, Alice. _See_ Barrymore, Countess of
⸺, Anne. _See_ Hinchinbroke, Lady
⸺, Charles, e.s. of Earl of Burlington, 93, 202
⸺, Charlotte Jemima Henrietta-Maria, 277 _note_
⸺, Dorothy. _See_ Loftus
⸺, Elizabeth. _See_ Spenser
⸺, Frances, e.d. of Earl of Burlington, 62, 92, 229 _note_
⸺, Francis. _See_ Shannon, Viscount
⸺, Geoffrey, 13, 16
⸺, Henrietta. _See_ Hyde
⸺, James of Hereford, 7
⸺, Joan. _See_ Kildare, Countess of
⸺, John, Bishop of Cork, 12, 13, 20
⸺, Katherine. _See_ Ranelagh, Viscountess
⸺, Lettice. _See_ Goring
⸺, Lewis. _See_ Kynalmeaky, Lord
⸺, Margaret, 22, 24, 25, 26, 31, 36, 59, 60
⸺, Mary. _See_ Warwick, Countess of
⸺, Richard. _See_ Cork, 1st Earl of, “The great Earl”
⸺, Richard, Lord Dungarvan, 2nd Earl of Cork, and Earl of
Burlington. _See_ Burlington, Earl of
⸺, Richard, son of Earl of Burlington, 258 _note_
Boyle, Robert: Birth and infancy, 1, 2, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 24;
in Dublin, 25, 33;
at Lismore, 35-39;
at Eton, 40-54, 58, 59, 65, 66, 67;
at Stalbridge, 68, 69, 70, 72;
at the House of the Savoy, 79-84;
goes abroad, 85-88;
in Geneva, 88-92, 96, 97, 99;
in Italy, 100-107;
after the debacle, 117, 120;
in England again, 122-139;
at the Manor of Stalbridge, laboratory and literary work, the
Invisible College, ill health, 140-158;
visits to London, Moore Park and Leeze, 159-166;
at Stalbridge again, 167-169;
“the Thing called Love,” 171-181;
visits Ireland, 181-188;
one of the Learned Junto at Oxford, 189-205, 212, 213, 214, 215,
217, 220, 223;
after the Restoration, 230-236, 239;
one of the founders of the Royal Society, 240-245;
science and politics in London and Oxford, 246-257;
during the Plague and the Fire, 260-266, 268;
Oxford and London, 271, 274, 277, 279, 280;
leaves Oxford and settles in Pall Mall, 281-288;
paralytic seizure, 290, 291, 292;
a series of publications, 299, 300;
last years, 300-309
Boyle, Roger, father of 1st Earl of Cork, 3
⸺, Mrs. Roger, mother of 1st Earl of Cork, 3
⸺, Roger, “Little Hodge,” eldest Son of 1st Earl of Cork, 12, 13,
21, 152, 228
⸺, Roger, Lord Broghill, 1st Earl of Orrery. _See_ Orrery, Earl of
⸺, Sarah. _See_ Digby, Lady
Boyne, Battle of the, 302
Bradshaw, John, 232, 233 _note_
Breda, 65 _note_, 173 _note_, 224, 270
Brescia, 103
Bridgeman, Sir Orlando, 276
Bristol, Countess of, 79
⸺, John Digby, 1st Earl of, 59, 61, 63, 71, 72, 79
⸺ family, 154, 180
British Museum, 296 _note_
Broghill, Lord. _See_ Orrery
⸺, Margaret Howard, Lady. _See_ Orrery
Brouncker, Lord, 240, 244, 255, 294
Browne, Mr. and Mrs., of Sayes Court, Deptford, 12, 13, 21, 215
⸺, Sir Richard, 214 _note_, 215
Bruce, Mr., 240
Buckhurst, Lord, 255, 257
Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of, 19, 21, 93
Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of, 243
Bull’s Head Tavern, the, 148, 241
Bunhill Fields, 240
Burlamachy, Philip, 40, 58, 88, 106, 127, 128
Burlington, Elizabeth Clifford, Lady Dungarvan, Countess of Cork,
Countess of, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 55, 56, 63, 64, 73,
92, 110, 113, 114, 136, 171, 229, 230
⸺, Richard Boyle, Lord Dungarvan, 2nd Earl of Cork, Earl of
Burlington, 13, 16, 18, 21, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 46,
56, 62, 63, 64, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78, 83, 100, 112, 114, 115,
171, 184, 227
⸺ House, 73, 226, 228, 229, 290
Burnet, Gilbert, 127, 231, 238, 298, 302, 303, 304 _note_, 306
Busby, Dr., 200
Butler, Samuel, 251
Buttevant Church, 7, 11
“C. S.” _See_ Charles I
Cabal, the, 278
_Cælum Britannicum_, 32
Calvin, 88, 100, 124
Calvinism, 45
Cambridge, 3, 9, 149 _note_, 190, 196
Cannon Row, Westminster. _See_ Channel Row
Canterbury, 3
Carew, servant to Frank and Robert Boyle, 39, 41, 42, 46, 47, 48, 49,
53, 58, 65, 68, 117
⸺ the Poet, 32
⸺, Sir George, Earl of Totness, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20, 78 _note_
Carisbrooke Castle, 160
Carlisle, Charles Howard, 1st Earl of, 138, 139, 239
Carrickfoyle, 9
Carteret, Lady, 261, 270
Carthusians, 99
Cary, Anne, Countess of Clanbrassil, 178
⸺, Elizabeth, d. of Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 178, 179
⸺, Henry. _See_ Monmouth, 2nd Earl of
⸺, Lionel, e.s. of Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 165
⸺, Martha, d. of Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 178
⸺, Mary, d. of Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 178
⸺, Thomas, 165
Casaubon, 44
Castell, Mr., 106, 115
Castlehaven, Lady, 15, 16
Castle Lyons, 26, 36, 74, 113, 172, 173
Castlemaine, Lady, 231, 275
Castle Martyr, 280, 295
Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II, 256
Cavendish, Lady Mary, d. of Earl of Devonshire, 258, 259
Caverswell Castle, 284
Cecil family, the, 136.
_See_ also Salisbury
⸺, Sir Robert, 10
Cerdogni, Count, 129
Chambéry, 99
Channel Row, Westminster, 19, 22, 142 _note_
Chapel Royal, Whitehall, 83, 93
Charing Cross, 108, 168, 170, 188, 236
Charles I, 3, 19, 26, 58, 63, 70, 72, 78, 79, 80, 83, 93, 102, 107,
132, 135, 140, 144, 145, 159, 165, 167, 168, 196, 208
⸺ II, 139, 160, 173 _note_, 202, 215, 224, 225 and _note_, 226
and _note_, 227 and _note_, 228, 231, 232, 237, 243, 244, 245,
254, 256, 260, 267, 268, 275, 276, 277, 279, 284, 285, 287,
291, 295, 300
Charleville, 227, 278, 295
Charlton, in Kent, 138
Chaucer, 8
Cheapside, 20, 111, 130, 131, 148, 241, 242
Chelsea, 233, 265, 303
_Christian Virtuoso, The_, 246, 282, 299
Clanbrassil, James Hamilton, Earl of, 76, 77, 78, 79, 94, 166, 178,
245
Clandeboye, Lord, 76, 77
Clarendon family, the, 275
⸺, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 228, 229 _note_, 230, 239, 261, 276, 277,
278, 301
Clarke, Dr., 200
Claypole, Lady, 218
Clayton, Lady, 18, 31, 36, 60, 207
⸺, Sir Randall, 31, 36
Clifford, Elizabeth. _See_ Burlington, Countess of
⸺, Lady, 26, 33, 34
⸺, Lord, 26, 33, 34, 37
Clodius, Mr., 185, 186, 188
Clonmell, 36
Clubs, 286
Colchester, Siege of, 160, 167
Coleorton, in Leicestershire, 16, 21
Coleshill in Warwickshire, 21
Comenius, 128
“Commensals,” at Eton, 42 _note_
“Committee of the Two Kingdoms,” 142 _note_
_Comus_, 32, 96, 129, 239
Connaught, 182, 224
Conway, Lady, 264
Coote, Sir Charles, 224
Cork, 8, 59, 60, 115, 171, 212
⸺ Cathedral, 7
⸺, Katherine Fenton, Countess of, 11, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 214,
215
⸺, Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of, “The Great Earl,” 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 45,
47, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 70, 71, 72, 77,
78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96,
97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117,
118, 119, 120, 121, 136, 171, 279, 295, 301
Cornhill, 272
Corporation for the Propagation of the Gospel, 247
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 3 _note_
_Cosmical Suspicions_. _See_ Tracts
Court of Request, the, 279
Courtenay, Colonel, 229 _note_
Covent Garden, 108
Cowley, Abraham, 226, 242
Cranborne, 270
Cranfield, Lionel. _See_ Middlesex, Earl of
Crayford, in Kent, 274
“Crip,” 261, 262, 263
Cromwell, Frances, daughter of Oliver Cromwell, 215
⸺, Henry, 234
⸺, Mrs., 234
⸺, Oliver, 126, 132, 135, 139, 148, 160, 167, 170, 171, 181, 182,
183, 198, 206, 208, 212, 213, 215, 218, 219, 222, 233 and
_note_, 271, 283
⸺ Richard, 219, 224, 234
Croone, the Vintner, 20 _note_, 111, 112, 127, 130
⸺, William, F.R.S., 242, 271
Croonian Lecture Fund, the, 242
Cross, Thomas, steward, 59, 63, 193, 288
Crown, Tavern, the, 256
Dalton, 203
Daubigne. _See_ Dunbar
Davenant, Sir William, 232 _note_, 239
Denbigh, Earl and Countess of, 93
Denham, Sir John, 228 _note_
Deptford, 12, 13, 21, 23, 192, 198, 257, 303
⸺ Church, 215, 216, 228
Derby House, Westminster, 142
De Ruyter, 269
Desborough, John, 232, 234
Desmond Rebellion, the, 4, 6
⸺, Earl of, 179
Desmonds, the, 8
_Devil of Mascon, The_, 288
Devonshire, Earl of, 243, 258, 259
De Witt, 270
Dieppe, 85
Digby, Sir Kenelm, 242, 245
⸺, Robert, Lord, 15, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27, 59
⸺, Sarah Boyle, Lady, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27 and _note_, 79
⸺ family, the, 31
Diodati, Charles, 129
⸺, Diodato, 88, 106
⸺, Dr. John, 82 _note_, 88, 124, 128, 130
⸺, Dr. Theodore, 128, 129
⸺ family, the, 88, 127, 128, 129, 130
_Discourse of Things above Reason_, 299
Donne, John, 45
Dowch, Mr., the Parson, 65, 68, 72, 134
Drummond of Hawthornden, 8
Drury Lane, 258
Dryden, 242
Dublin, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 17, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37, 55, 57,
59, 74, 75, 115, 171, 183, 185
⸺ Castle, 24, 29
Duke’s Theatre, the, 280
Du Moulin, Lewis, 210 _note_
⸺, Peter, 210 _note_, 288
Dunbar, Earl of, 108 _note_
Dungarvan, Lord and Lady. _See_ Burlington
“Dunkirkers,” 19, 23, 85
Durdans, 260 _note_
D’Urfé, Marquis, 87
Durie, John, 128, 150 _note_, 194, 209, 294
East India Company, 297
Edict of Nantes, 301
Edinburgh, 43, 198, 212
Egham, 141
_Eikonoklastes_, 235
Elizabeth, Princess. _See_ Bohemia, Queen of
⸺, Queen of England, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 165
_Elephant in the Moon, The_, 251 _note_
_Encænia_, the, 189, 192, 282
Ent, Sir George, 263
_Epitaphium Damonis_, 129, 239
_Epithalamium_, Spenser’s, 7, 9
Epsom, 260 and _note_
Erskine, Sir James, 30
Escheator-General, 6
Essex, Earl of (Elizabeth’s), 9, 44
⸺, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of, 132, 144 and _note_
Eton, 34, 39, 40, 65, 66, 129, 134
_Eugenius_, 153, 156
_Eusebius_, 153
Evelyn, John, 88, 103, 137, 166, 174, 178, 189, 190, 192 and _note_,
193, 195, 206, 213, 214, 215, 216, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225,
226, 232, 233, 236, 242, 244, 245, 248, 249, 250 _note_, 254,
257, 267, 272, 273, 276, 277, 282, 283, 288, 291, 292, 293,
294, 296, 303, 304, 305
Evelyn, Mrs., 190, 192, 193, 214 and _note_, 215, 216, 221
Exchange, the, 256, 257, 266
Exeter Chapel, 216
_Experiment, The_, 226, 255
_Experimenta observationes physicæ_, 300
_Experiments of Light_, 277
_Faerie Queene, The_, 6, 7, 8
Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 126, 160, 167
Farnham, 140, 141
Faversham, 3
Fell, John, Dean of Christchurch, 193
⸺ John, son of the Dean, 193, 194, 283 _note_
⸺, Mrs., wife of the Dean, 193, 194
Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, 11, 13, 24
⸺, Katherine. _See_ Cork, Countess of
⸺, Lady, 13, 18, 25
Ferabosco, the, 273
Fermoy, 112
Ferrara, 103
Fielding, Lady Elizabeth. _See_ Kynalmeaky
Fire of London, 246, 261, 265, 269, 294
Fish Street, 242
Fleet Street, 213
Fleetwood, Charles, 182, 232, 234
Florence, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 115
Foster, Professor of Astronomy, 148
“Four Miles Water,” 35
_Free Discourse against Customary Swearing, A_, 154
French, Dr., 190, 192
⸺, Mrs., 192
Fry, Mr., tutor, 26
Galbaly, 9, 11
Galileo, 104
Galtee Hills, 6
Gaunt, Elizabeth, 300
Geneva, 82 and _note_, 88, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102,
106, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 133, 137, 144, 145, 147
_note_, 148, 194
Genoa, 83, 106
_Genorio_, 153
Gibbon, Mr., the musician, 191
Gifford, Dr., 22
Glanville, the lawyer, 20
⸺, Mr. (Royal Society), 288
Goddard, Dr., 148, 189, 196, 198, 208, 241, 250, 263
Goodwin, John, 235, 237 and _note_, 238
Goring, George, 21, 24, 26, 31, 65 and _note_, 76, 78, 107, 134, 135,
239 _note_
⸺, Lettice Boyle, wife of George Goring, 13, 16, 19, 21, 24, 31,
49, 50, 65, 73, 78, 121 and _note_, 134, 239 and _note_
⸺, Lord, 110, 239, 296
Grammont, Comte de, 280, 286
Grandison, Lord, 19, 25 _note_
Graunt, John, 243
Gravesend, 270
Greatrakes, Valentine, 264, 265
Grenoble, 99
Gresham College, 148, 161, 188, 226, 240, 241, 248, 249, 250, 251,
256, 263, 266, 271, 272, 273, 294, 308
⸺, Sir Thomas, 240 _note_
Grisons, the, 103
Guildhall, 266
Gulliver’s Travels, 156, 157 _note_
Gwynne, Nell, 232 and _note_, 287
Haak, Theodore, 148, 243
Hague, the, 31, 134, 158, 225 and _note_, 228, 301
Hales, John, 45, 46, 66
Halkett, Anne, Lady. _See_ Murray
Hall Barn, 202, 262 and _note_
Hamilton, Marquis of, 93, 160, 167
⸺, Mr. James. _See_ Clanbrassil
Hamlet, 231
Hampton Court, 110, 111, 159, 218, 260 _note_
Hanworth in Middlesex, 78
Harrison, Mrs. Frances, 93, 94, 95, 109
⸺, John, 40, 41, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 65, 67, 68
⸺, Major-General, 235, 236
Hartlib, Samuel, 128, 133, 148, 149, 153, 154, 161, 173, 174, 183,
188, 202 and _note_, 203, 209, 214, 216, 217, 232, 236, 249
⸺, Mrs., 153
Haselrig, Sir Arthur, 234
Hastings, Lady Mary, 283, 284
Hatfield, 112
Hatton Gardens, 291
Haymarket, 286
Henrietta-Maria, Queen, 19, 58, 78, 79, 83, 93, 160
Henry VIII, 191
Hereford, 7
_Hermione_, 176, 179
Herringman, the publisher, 257
_Hibernia Pacata_, 10
Higgins, Mr., 60
Hill, Mr., 241
Hinchinbroke, Anne Boyle, Lady, 228, 229 and _note_, 230
⸺, Lord, 228, 229 and _note_
_History of Cold, The_, 254
_History of the Reformation_, 298
Hobbes, Dr., 197, 202, 305
Hodge, Little. _See_ Boyle, Roger
Holborn, 110, 131, 160, 161, 162, 207, 240
Holmby House, 159
Hooke, Robert, 200, 201, 243, 249, 250, 254, 256, 260, 296 and
_note_, 297, 308
Horton, 66
Howard, Lady Ann, 112, 120, 136, 137, 138
⸺, Charles. _See_ Carlisle, 1st Earl of
⸺, Lord Edward, of Escrick, 112, 136, 138, 139, 141 _note_
⸺, Mr. (son of Lord Edward), 138
⸺, Mr. Henry, 272
⸺, Lady Mary, 287
⸺, Stuarta, 227 _note_
⸺, Mr. Thomas, 93, 94, 95, 109
_Hudibras_, 251
Huntingdon, Earl of, 283
Hurst Castle, 167
Hussey, Mrs., 174
Huygens, 249
Hyde, Anne, Duchess of York, 275, 276
⸺, Dr., 200
⸺, Laurence, son of Clarendon, 229, 275, 276, 277
⸺, Henrietta Boyle, wife of Laurence Hyde, 228, 229 _note_, 261
and _note_
_Hydrostatical Paradoxes_, 265
_Ianthe_, 231, 232 and _note_
Ilfracombe, 40
Inchiquin, Earl of, 145 and _note_, 160
Indemnity and Oblivion, Bill of, 234, 236, 237, 238
Inns of Court, 32
Invisible College, the, 127, 148, 149, 189, 196, 243
Invisibles, the, 168, 174, 188, 196, 200, 241, 242
Ireton, Henry, 160, 183, 233 _note_
Irish Bible, the, 298
Isle of Wight, 159, 167
James I and VI, 12, 43, 44, 45, 165
⸺, Duke of York, James II, 160 and _note_, 226, 228, 229, 254,
256, 275, 276, 277, 284, 300, 301
Jeffreys, Judge, 300
Jewin Street, 240
Joliffe, Sir William, 284
Jones, Arthur. _See_ Ranelagh, 2nd Viscount
⸺, Catherine. _See_ Mount-Alexander, Lady
⸺, Elizabeth. _See_ Melster, Mrs.
⸺, Frances, 211 _note_, 258, 280, 281
⸺, Inigo, 32
⸺, Richard. _See_ Ranelagh, 3rd Viscount and 1st Earl of
“Kemb,” a minister, Admiral of revolting ships, 161
Kepler, 44, 67, 68
Kilcolman, 6, 8
Kildare, George Fitzgerald, 16th Earl of, 21, 25, 26, 31, 32, 37, 65,
76
⸺, Joan Boyle, Countess of, 13, 16, 19, 21, 30, 31, 32, 37, 65, 154
Killigrew, Mrs. Elizabeth. _See_ Shannon, Viscountess
⸺, Katharine, 110
⸺, Sir Robert, 78
⸺, Susan. _See_ Barrymore
⸺, Thomas, 78, 86, 96, 97, 102, 227
Kimbolton, 262
King, Sir Edmund, 291, 308
⸺, Edward, 129
King’s Head Tavern in Fleet Street, 20 and _note_, 242 and _note_
⸺ ⸺, the, in Pall Mall, 286
⸺ School, Canterbury, 3
⸺ Theatre, the, 277
Kinsale, 9, 10, 59, 171
Knight, Mrs., 286
Knockbrack, 173
Kynalmeaky, Lewis Boyle, Lord, 14, 25, 26, 31, 36, 37, 39, 57, 58,
65, 70, 71, 72, 81, 82 and _note_, 83, 88, 89, 93, 107, 111,
114, 115, 119, 120, 121, 162
⸺, Elizabeth Fielding, Lady, 93, 113, 114
Lambert, Colonel John, 160, 232, 234, 237
Lambeth Hill, 242
Langham, Sir James, 283, 284
Langley Park, 22
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 28, 30, 31, 37, 63, 64, 102,
125, 133, 134, 191
Lawrence, President, 172 _note_, 234, 235 _note_
⸺, Henry, son of President, 172 _note_, 209, 234, 235 _note_
⸺, Martha. _See_ Barrymore
Leeke, Sir John, 17, 23, 70, 74, 75
Leeze, in Essex, 111, 112, 131, 166, 167, 206, 207, 208, 223, 253,
258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 293, 295
Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of, 102
_Le Monde_, 89
Lenthall, William (Speaker), 234
Lichfield, 12, 20
Limerick, 6, 7, 9, 11
Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 250, 259
_Lindamor_, 153, 156 and _note_, 166
Linus, Franciscus, 202, 306
“Lion Whelps,” fleet of, 22
Liscarrol, battle of, 119, 120 and _note_, 227
Lisle, Mrs., 300
Lismore, 14, 15, 16, 22, 37, 39, 59, 111, 114, 171, 296
⸺, Church of, 120
⸺, the House of, 1, 2, 17, 18, 19, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 113, 182
_Lismore Papers_, the, 1, 2
Livorno, 106
Loftus, Sir Adam, 16, 23 _note_
⸺, Arthur, 16, 18, 21, 26, 64
⸺, Dorothy Boyle, wife of Arthur Loftus, 14, 16, 26, 31, 64
⸺, Lord Chancellor, 23 and _note_, 26
Lombard Street, 20
Lombardy, 103
Londonderry, siege of, 202
Long Acre, 110, 165 _note_
⸺ Parliament, 107
Longe, Jacob, 59
Ludlow, Colonel Edmund, 234
Luther, 45
_Lycidas_, 129
Lyons, 87, 88, 117
_Maccabees_, 280
_Machina Boyleana_, 201, 248
Magdalen College Chapel, Oxford, 191
Magdalene College, Cambridge, 149 _note_
Mall, the game of, 29 and _note_, 284, 285, 286
Mallet, John, 154, 181, 290
⸺, Lady, 154
⸺, Sir Thomas, 154
Mallow, 7
Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of, 126, 132, 239, 259
Manwood, Sir Richard, 3
Marcombes, M., 57, 58, 65, 71, 72, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104,
105, 106, 107, 114, 115, 116, 117, 123, 127, 134, 135, 143,
144, 145, 146, 147 and _note_, 148, 154, 159, 162
⸺, Madame, 82, 101, 103
Marseilles, 106, 115, 116
Marsh, Narcissus, 297, 298
Marston Bigot, 112, 113, 154, 168, 252, 253
Marston Moor, battle of, 126, 165
_Martyrdom of Theodora and of Didymus, The_, 176, 179, 299
Marvell, Andrew, 206, 237, 239
Mary II, Queen, wife of William III, 303
⸺ of Modena, wife of James II, 301
⸺ Queen of Scots, 301, 302
Masques, 32
Maynooth, 32
Meath, 5
_Medicina Hydrostatica_, 299
Mellifont, 5
Melster, Elizabeth Jones, Mrs., 211 and _note_, 258, 280, 281, 307
_Memoirs of the Natural History of the Human Blood_, 299
Mentone, 106
Meredith, Dr., 261
Merton College, Oxford, 189, 194, 198
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of, 58, 162
Middle Temple, 3, 4, 5, 9, 20
Middleton, Earl, 179
⸺, Mrs., 257
Milton, John, 66, 74, 128, 129, 130, 133, 146 _note_, 161, 162, 172
and _note_, 209, 210, 211, 212, 217, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238,
239, 240, 294
Minehead, 40
_Miraculous Conformist, The_, 264
Morus, Alexander, 124 and _note_
Monaco, 106
Monk, General. _See_ Albemarle, Duke of
Monmouth, Duke of, 300
⸺, Robert Cary, 1st Earl of, 165
⸺, Henry Cary, 2nd Earl of, 165, 174, 175, 178
⸺, Countess of, wife of 1st Earl, 165
⸺, Countess of, wife of 2nd Earl, 162, 163, 164, 165, 175, 178, 179
_Montagna di Morbegno, la_, 103
Montague House, 296 _note_
Montrose, Marquis of, 173 _note_
Moor, Dr., 22
Moore, Sir Edward, of Mellifont, 3
⸺, Lady, of Mellifont, 15
⸺ Park, in Hertfordshire, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 175, 176
Moray, Sir Robert, 240, 243, 250
Morrice, Dr. Chaplain, 275, 276, 278, 279
Morrice, Sir William, 239
Moulins, 87
Mount-Alexander, Catherine Jones, Lady, 211 _note_, 280.
_See_ also Parsons, Lady
⸺, Lord, 211 _note_
Mountmorris, Lord, 55
Munster, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 37, 63, 113, 145, 146, 168, 171, 173,
182, 224, 227, 264, 275, 278, 301
Murray, Thomas, Provost of Eton, 44, 138
⸺, Mrs., widow of Provost, 138
⸺, Anne (Lady Halkett), daughter of Provost, 138, 139, 160 and
_note_
⸺, Tom, 134, 135, 144
_Mustapha_, 231
Nag’s Head Tavern, in Cheapside, 20 _note_, 111, 112, 127, 130
Naseby, battle of, 135, 198
_Naseby, The_, 271
Naylor, Joan, mother of the 1st Earl of Cork. _See_ Boyle, Mrs. Roger
⸺, Peter, lawyer, 20, 112, 127, 136
⸺, Robert, father-in-law of the 1st Earl of Cork, 3
⸺, Robert, chaplain, 15
Neile, Sir Paule, 240, 241
Newcastle, 70, 140
⸺, Duchess of, 272, 273
⸺, Marquis of, 126
New College Chapel, Oxford, 191
_New Experiments_, 201, 202
New Fish Street, 20
Newington, 263
New Inn, 112, 127, 136
“New Model,” The, 140, 162
Newton, Isaac, 203, 218, 288, 289, 290
⸺, Lady, 138
Nice, 106
_Ninth Whelp, The_, 22, 23, 26, 31, 32, 61
Nonsuch, 20, 260 and _note_
Northall, 20, 21
Northampton, 2nd Earl of, 42
⸺, 3rd Earl of, 243
_Novum Organum_, 44, 68
_Obstructors of Justice, The_, 237 _note_
_Occasional Reflections on Several Subjects_, 140, 153, 154, 155,
156, 157, 158, 164 _note_, 166, 196 and _note_, 257, 261
Offaley, 31
_Of the High Veneration Man’s Intellect Owes to God_, 299
Old Mall, The. _See_ Pall Mall
Oldenburg, Henry, 209, 210, 211, 217, 232, 237, 242, 244 and _note_,
248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 260, 261, 263, 264, 265, 268,
269, 273, 274, 277, 289, 293, 294, 295
⸺, Rupert, 295
O’Neil, Shan, 4
_Origin of Forms, The_, 265
Ormonde, James Butler, Marquis and 1st Duke of, 145, 160, 239, 278,
280
Orrery, Lady Margaret Howard, Countess of, 94, 108, 109, 112, 113,
114, 120, 136, 146 _note_, 154, 168, 170, 253, 279, 280, 296,
303
⸺, Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill, 1st Earl of, 14, 25, 36, 37, 39,
57, 58, 65, 70, 71, 72, 77, 81, 82 and _note_, 83, 89, 93, 94,
107, 108, 110, 112, 114, 115, 135 and _note_, 140, 141 and
_note_, 145 and _note_, 146 and _note_, 147 and _note_, 154,
162, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 179, 184, 206, 212, 215, 219,
224, 227, 228, 233 and _note_, 239, 247 and _note_, 252, 253,
264, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 295, 296, 303
Osborne, Dorothy, 234
Owen, John, 190
Oxford, 21, 126, 132, 140, 148, 187, 188, 189, 190-205, 210, 211,
220, 232, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 261, 262, 269, 271, 274,
277, 281, 282, 283, 284, 290
Padua, 103
“Painted Chamber,” The, 287
Palatine, Prince, 196, 197
Pall Mall, 38, 131, 170, 188, 207, 209, 224, 237, 259, 260, 265,
271, 281, 284, 285, 286, 287, 293, 295, 297, 300
“Papin’s Digestors,” 297
_Paradise Lost_, 217, 239
Paris, 85, 86, 106
Parkhall, 262
Parliaments. _See_ Short, Long, Rump, and Barebones.
Parsons, Sir Lawrence and Lady, 18
⸺, Sir William, 211 _note_
⸺, Lady, wife of Sir William. _See_ Mount-Alexander
_Parthenissa_, 168, 170
Pavement, the. _See_ Pall Mall
_Pays de Forest_, 87
“Pegg,” Lady. _See_ Orrery, Countess of
Pembroke, Shakespere’s Earl of, 164
Pennington, Isaac, 234
Pepys, Samuel, 73, 139, 226, 228, 229, 230, 236, 245, 246, 249, 255,
256, 257, 258, 261, 263, 267, 271, 272, 273, 277, 278, 280,
284, 285, 286
⸺, Mrs., 230, 280
Perkins, Mr., the London tailor, 19, 23, 31, 47, 50, 53, 58, 59, 106,
114, 115, 116, 127, 134
Perugia, 106
Peterborough, 1st Earl of, 41, 42
Peters, Hugh, 235
_Petition and Advice_, 215
Pett, Sir Peter, 195, 243
Petty France, Westminster, 209, 210, 211, 217, 235, 237, 240
Petty, Sir William, 148, 183, 184, 185, 226 and _note_, 241, 245,
260, 291, 294
_Philaretus_, 1, 2, 15, 34, 35 _note_, 49, 55, 97, 99, 100, 122
Philosophical College. _See_ Invisible College
Physick Garden, Oxford, 191
_Physiological Essays_, 211 _note_, 246, 288
Piazza, Covent Garden, the, 255
Piccadilly, 228, 276, 277, 293, 303
_Pilgrim, The_, 9
Pisa, 106
Pistoia, 106
Piur, 103
Plague, the Great, 246, 257, 260, 261, 262, 263
Pococke, Dr., 200
Portsmouth, 21, 65 _note_, 160
Povy, 250 and _note_
Powell, Mary, 209
Poynington, 154, 290
Prayer Book, abolition of the, 132
Preston, in Kent, 3, 20, 22
⸺, battle of, 167
_Pro Populo Defensio Anglicano_, 235
Pudding Lane, 269, 270
_Pyrophilus_, 211 and _note_, 280, 303
Queen Street, Covent Garden, 108
_Quintus Curtius_, 51
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 6, 9, 10, 44, 113
Raleigh-Desmond Estates, 10, 11
Ranelagh, 1st Viscount, 75
⸺, Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount, 25, 37, 38, 65, 74, 75, 76, 131,
212, 280, 302, 307
⸺, Katherine Boyle, Viscountess, 13, 16, 21, 24, 25, 31, 37, 38,
39, 65, 73, 74, 75, 79, 81, 83, 111, 127, 130, 131, 132, 135,
136, 139, 143, 147, 150, 154 and _note_, 159, 162, 168, 170,
174, 175, 188, 192 and _note_, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211,
212, 217, 219, 224, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240,
258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 268, 271, 280, 281,
282, 284, 285, 286, 287, 294, 295, 300, 301, 302, 303, 306,
307, 308, 309
Ranelagh, Richard Jones, 3rd Viscount and 1st Earl of, 130, 210, 211
and _note_, 212, 217, 232, 237, 242, 257, 280, 303
⸺ Gardens, 303 _note_
Rathfarnham, 16, 26, 31
_Real Character: An Essay towards a_, 203 and _note_
Rebellions, Irish, 4, 8, 113, 302
_Regii Sanguinis Clamor_, 210 _note_
_Relation d’un Voyage en Angleterre_, 251 and _note_
Rich, Charles. _See_ Warwick, 4th Earl of
⸺, Mr. Robert, son of 3rd Earl of Warwick, 215, 216
⸺, Lord, son of Charles and Mary Rich, 4th Earl and Countess of
Warwick, 258, 259
_Richard II_, 159
Rhodes, Mrs., Lady Wentworth, 29, 55
Rhone, the, 88
Rickmansworth, 164, 165, 179
Rochester, Dean of, 268
Rome, 102, 105, 106
Rooke, Mr., 241
Roscommon, 25, 280
⸺, Wentworth Dillon, Earl of, 229 _note_
Rouen, 85, 86
_Royal Charles, The_, 271, 258 _note_.
_See_ also _Naseby_
Royal Mines, the Company of the, 255
Royal Society, the, 127, 148, 201, 211, 226-245, 246, 248, 249, 256,
260, 261, 263, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 277, 281, 283, 288-291,
294, 297, 300, 307
Rump Parliament, the, 182
Rupert, Prince, 126, 197, 248, 264, 295
Russell, Lord William, 142 _note_, 300
Rydowt, servant, 68
Rye, in Sussex, 85
St. Bartholomew the Less, parish of, 128
St. Bernard, Monastery of, 99 and _note_
St. Faith’s Church, under St. Paul’s, 268
St. Germains, 160
St. Giles in the Fields, 165 _note_
St. James’s, 158, 168, 174, 303
⸺ Garden, 171
⸺ Palace, 286, 293
⸺ Park, 284, 285, 286, 287
⸺ Square, 286
St. John, Oliver, 234
St. John’s College, Oxford, 191
St. Leger, Sir Anthony, 5
⸺, Lord President, 114
St. Martin’s in the Fields, 19, 306, 309
⸺ Lane, 138, 165 _note_
St. Mary’s, Oxford, 190
St. Patrick’s, Dublin, 24, 27 _note_, 29, 30
St. Paul’s Cathedral, 64, 213, 214, 250, 267, 268
St. Stephen’s Chapel, 287
Saladine, M., 137
Salisbury, 141, 253, 260 _note_, 306
⸺, Countess of, 93, 112, 136
⸺ House, 62, 92, 136
⸺ Plain, 140, 141
Sandwich, Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of, 224, 225, 228, 229 and _note_,
230, 239, 243, 256, 293
Saunderson, Dr., Bishop of Lincoln, 247 and _note_
⸺ Mrs. Mary, actress, 231, 232 and _note_
Savoy, the (in London), 46, 165 _note_
⸺, the House of the, 70, 80, 81, 84, 86, 92, 93, 95, 136
⸺ Duke of, 87
Sayes Court, Deptford, 12, 214, 215, 222
Scudamore, Lord, 209
_Self-denying Ordinance_, the, 132
_Seraphick Love_, 166, 167, 174, 176, 177, 207, 222, 223 and _note_,
232, 295
Shannon, Elizabeth Killigrew, Viscountess, 78, 81, 83, 84, 95, 96,
106, 110, 112, 116, 134, 171, 180, 207, 227 and _note_
⸺ Park, 227
Sheldon, Gilbert, Archbishop of Canterbury, 254, 275, 283
“Sheldonian,” the, Oxford, 254, 282
Shepperton, parish church of, 111
Sherborne Castle, 59, 63, 64, 70, 71, 72, 79, 135, 154
Short Parliament, 107
Sidney, Algernon, 142 _note_, 300
⸺ Sir Philip, 61, 76
Sigginstown, 121
_Siege of Rhodes, The_, 232 _note_
_Skeptical Chymist, The_, 205, 209, 246
Skinner, Cyriack, 209
Skipton Castle, 26, 34
Slingsby, Sir Francis, 15
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 297
Soho, 165 _note_
Solebay, battle of, 293
_Some Considerations Touching the Style of The Holy Scriptures_, 252
_Some Considerations Touching the Usefulness of Experimental
Philosophy_, 252
_Some Experiments and Considerations Touching Colour_, 252
_Sophronia_, 257
Sorbière, 249, 251 _note_
Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of, 230, 239
Southesk, Countess of, 286
Spa, 170
Spenser, Edmund, the Poet, 6, 7, 8
⸺, Elizabeth Boyle, wife of the Poet, 7, 8
⸺, Peregrine, 9
Sprat, Thomas, 226, 243, 251, 288
_Spring and Weight of the Air, The._ _See_ Air
Stafford, Lady, 78, 79, 80, 110, 134
⸺, Sir Thomas, 70, 78 and _note_, 79, 80, 112, 134
Star Chamber, 34, 55, 56, 287
Stalbridge, the Manor of, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78,
80, 81, 83, 107, 110, 112, 113, 133, 135, 136, 140, 142, 144,
147, 149, 153, 154, 166, 167, 168, 173, 174, 175, 181, 253,
284, 295, 307
Stirling Castle, 44
Strand, the, 225, 272
Strafford, Thomas, 1st Viscount Wentworth, Earl of, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 33, 34, 37, 55, 56, 58, 71, 72, 102, 107, 108, 109 _note_,
110, 167
Stratford-on-Avon, 264
Strongbow’s Tomb, Dublin, 75
Stubbe, Mr., 264, 279, 288
Suckling, Sir John, 108, 109 _note_
Suffolk, Countess of, 94, 108
⸺, Earl of, 22, 94, 108
Swift, Dean, 156, 157 _note_
Sydenham, Colonel, 286
⸺, Dr., 286, 287
Tallents, Mr. Francis, 34, 149 and _note_
Temple, Sir William, 164, 234
Thames, the, 270
Thanet, Lady, 229 _note_, 303
“Thorough,” policy of, 27
Thurloe, John, 234
“Toleration Order,” Cromwell’s, 132
Tonbridge, 260
“Torricellian experiments,” 240
Tower of London, 20, 107, 108, 133, 273, 274, 294
⸺ Hill, 110, 134, 244, 245
_Tract on Education_, 128
_Tracts about the Cosmical Qualities of Things_, 288
Treaty of Breda, 173 _note_
Trevanion, family of, 165
Trinity College, Dublin, 25
_True Remembrances_, 2, 25
_Tryphon_, 280
Tuke, Sir Samuel, 267
Turberville, Dr., 253 and _note_, 306
Tuscany, Duke of, 43
Two Golden Balls, the, in Pall Mall, 286
Tyburn, 233 _note_, 300
_Universal History, The_, 82
University College, Oxford, 193
Urban VIII, Pope, 104, 105, 106
Usher, James, Archbishop of Armagh, 26, 147 and _note_, 162, 207
Valtollina, 103
Vane, Sir Henry (younger), 195, 196, 232, 234, 244, 245
Venice, 45, 103
Verona, 103
Verney, Sir Edmund, 22, 70, 73, 74, 75
_View of the Present State of Ireland_, 8
Villa Diodati, 82 _note_, 88, 124, 239
Vincenza, 103
Wadham College, Oxford, 148, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 196, 197, 203
Walker, Dr., chaplain, 207, 260
Waller, Edmund, 137, 156, 202, 243, 262 and _note_, 277, 285, 286, 287
Waller, Sir William, 135
Wallis, Dr., 148, 189, 196, 197, 202, 242, 254, 283, 284
Walton, Izaak, 46, 67, 231
Ward, Dr. Seth, 190, 199, 201, 242
Warwick, Charles Rich, 4th Earl of, 95, 96, 110, 111, 113, 131, 132,
134, 161, 166, 206, 207, 208, 215, 216, 224, 253, 258, 260,
262, 293, 295
⸺, Mary Boyle, Countess of, 14, 16, 18, 31, 36, 60, 64, 73, 76,
77, 79, 81, 83, 84, 93, 95, 110, 111, 113, 131, 132, 133, 134,
160, 162, 166, 206, 207, 208, 209, 224, 253, 258, 259, 260,
293, 295
⸺, Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of, 22, 110, 111, 160, 162, 206, 215, 216
⸺, Lord Rich, 3rd Earl of, 215, 216, 224
⸺ House, Holborn, 131, 160, 174, 207, 259, 260
Wentworth, Thomas, 1st Viscount. _See_ Strafford
Westminster, 293
⸺ Abbey, 8, 168, 275, 287
⸺ Assembly, 141 _note_, 148
⸺ Hall, 108, 167, 279
⸺ Palace, 287
⸺ School, 200
Weston, Dr., of Christ Church, Oxford, 21, 22
⸺, Lord Chancellor, 24
Whitehall, 63, 71, 93, 167, 168, 213, 218, 226, 228, 229, 243, 244,
256, 257, 264, 275, 286, 293
Whitlocke, Bulstrode, 234
Wild, Dr., 213
Wilkins, Dr., 148, 187, 189, 191, 192, 196, 197, 200, 203, 213, 214,
241, 244 _note_, 250, 260
⸺, Mrs., 192
Wilkinson, Mr., tutor and chaplain, 39
William III, 116, 301, 303
Williamson, Sir Joseph, 294
Willis, Dr., 194, 198, 201, 242, 291
Winchester, 140, 141 and _note_
Windsor, 46, 167
Winthrop, Governor, 243, 249, 250
Woburn, 20
Wolsey, Cardinal, 191
_Wonders no Miracles_, 264
Woodcock, Katherine, 212
“Wood’s” in Pall Mall, 286
Wood Street, 148, 149, 150, 161, 189, 198
“Wood Street Cake,” 160 _note_
Worcester, battle of, 198
Wordsworth, William, 75
Worsley, Dr., 183, 293
Wotton, Sir Henry, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 54,
57, 58, 65 and _note_, 66, 67, 68, 81, 86, 129, 174, 231
Wotton, Dr. William, 174
Wray, Sir William, 137 and _note_
Wren, Christopher, 192, 199, 240, 241, 254, 267, 268, 269, 294
Wright, Dr., 207, 208, 209
Yeovil, 142, 253
York, 70, 72, 126
Youghal, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 35, 39, 40, 60, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117,
119, 120, 121, 135 and _note_, 145, 171, 181, 219
⸺, College House of, 1, 2
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