{ The wapp or warner,
{ The Turnespet,
{ The dauncer,
called in Latine _Canes Rustici_
A Supplement or Addition, containing
a demonstration of Dogges
names how they had their
Originall.
Ista vocabula nostratia cum nihil apud te, hominem peregrinum,
loquantur sine interpretatione, ut Latinorum vocabulorum rationem
prius reddidimus, ita Anglicorum jam reddemus, quo tibi pateant
universa, eo etiam quo prius observato ordine.
The names contayned in the generall table, for so much as they
signifie nothing to you being a straunger, and ignoraunt of the
Englishe tounge, except they be interpreted: As we haue giuen a
reason before of y^e latine words so meane we to doe no lesse of the
Englishe that euery thing maye be manyfest vnto your vnderstanding.
Wherein I intende to obserue the same order which I haue followed
before.
The names of such Dogges as be contained in the first section.
[Sagax.] Hunde igitur (quem inter venaticos sagacem diximus) a verbo
nostro hunte, quod apud nostros venari significat, unica tantum
immutata litera derivata appellatione, nomen habet. Quod si a
vocabulo vestrati hunde, (quod canem in universum apud vos
significat) propter vocum similitudinem appellari credas (mi
Gesnere) ut non magnopere repugnabo, cum adhuc retinemus multa
Germanica vocabula, a Saxonibus cum Angliam occuparunt nobis
relicta, ita illud admonebo, commune quidem nomen canis apud nos
dogge esse, venatici vero canis hunde.
_Sagax_, in Englishe Hunde, is deriued of our English word hunte.
One letter chaunged in another, namely, T, into D, as Hunt, Hunde,
whom (if you coniecture to be so named of your country worde _Hunde_
which signifieth the generall name Dogge, because of the similitude
and likenesse of the wordes I will not stand in contradiction
(friende _Gesner_) for so much as we retaine among vs at this day
many Dutche wordes which the _Saxons_ left at such time as they
occupyed this country of Britane. Thus much also vnderstand, that as
in your language _Hunde_ is the common word, so in our naturall
tounge dogge is the vniuersall, but _Hunde_ is perticuler and a
speciall, for it signifieth such a dogge onely as serueth to hunt,
and therfore it is called a hunde.
Of the Gasehounde.
[Agasæus.] Similiter à verbo nostrati, Gase, (quòd fixius rem
aliquam & attentius contueri est) Gasehunde appellatur nostris, quem
ante Agasæum nominari diximus. Neque enim odoratu, sed prospectu
attento & diligenti feram persequitur iste canis, ut jam ante
memoravimus; etsi non sum nescius etiam apud Latinos Agasæi
vocabulum inter canum nomina reperiri.
The Gasehounde called in latine _Agasæus_, hath his name of the
sharpenesse and stedfastnesse of his eyesight. By which vertue he
compasseth that which otherwise he cannot by smelling attaine. As we
haue made former relation, for to gase is earnestly to viewe and
beholde, from whence floweth the deriuation of this dogges name.
Of the Grehounde.
[Leporarius.] A Gre quoque, Grehunde apud nostros invenit nomen,
quod præcipui gradus inter canes sit, & primæ generositatis. Gre
enim apud nostros gradum denotat. Hunc latinè Leporarium dicebamus.
The Grehounde called _Leporarius_, hath his name of this word, Gre,
which word soundeth, _Gradus_ in latine, in Englishe degree. Because
among all dogges these are the most principall, occupying the
chiefest place, and being simply and absolutely the best of the
gentle kinde of houndes.
Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer.
[Levinarius.] A levitate Leviner, à loro Lyemmer, appellatur is quem
Levinarium & Lorarium latinè nominavimus. Nam Lyemme nostra lingua,
Lorum significat. Quod autem a levitate Leviner, hoc est a latina
voce Britannicam, diducimus: cur in libris nostris sparsim a Græcis
dictionibus & Latinis Italicis & Germanicis, Gallicis & Hispanicis
nostratia multa derivamus, unde ortum eadem multa habuerunt:
This dogge is called a Leuyner, for his lyghtnesse, which in latine
soundeth _Leuitas_, Or a Lyemmer which worde is borrowed of Lyemme,
which the latinists name _Lorum_: and wherefore we call him a
Leuyner of this worde _Leuitas_? (as we doe many things besides) why
we deriue and drawe a thousand of our tearmes, out of the _Greeke_,
the _Latine_, the _Italian_, the _Dutch_, the _French_, and the
_Spanishe_ tounge? (Out of which fountaines in deede, they had their
originall issue.)
[Lib. de symphonia.] & quemadmodum ab origine sua etiam multa per
corruptionem jam declinarunt, libello nostro de symphonia seu
consonantia vocum Britannicarum fusius explicabimus.
How many words are buryed in the graue of forgetfulnes? growne out
of vse? wrested awrye? and peruersly corrupted by diuers defaultes?
we wil declare at large in our booke intituled, _Symphonia vocum
Britannicarum_.
Of the Tumbler.
[Vertagus.] Postremus inter venaticos Vertagus est, quem Tumbler
vocitamus; quòd tumble apud nos vertere est Latinis, & tumbiere
Gallis, unde ortum habet id nomen Tumbler, mutata vocali in liquidam
nostro more: contra quàm in lingua Gallica & Italica, in quibus
liquida ante vocalem, magna ex parte in aliam vocalem vertitur,
ut impiere & piano, pro implere & plano, quæ exempli gratia adduce,
cum infinita sint.
Among houndes the Tumbler called in latine _Vertagus_, is the last,
which commeth of this worde Tumbler flowyng first of al out of the
French fountaine. For as we say Tumble so they, _Tumbier_, reseruing
one sense and signification, which the latinists comprehende vnder
this worde _Vertere_, So that we see thus much, that Tumbler commeth
of _Tumbier_, the vowell, I, chaunged into the _Liquid_, L, after
y^e maner of our speache. Contrary to the French and the Italian
tounge. In which two languages, A _Liquid_ before a _Vowell_ for the
most part is turned into another _Vowell_, As, may be perceaued in
the example of these two wordes, _Implere_ & _plano_, for _Impiere_
& _piano_, L, before, E, chaunged into, I, and L, before A, turned
into I, also. This I thought conuenient for a taste.
The names of such Dogges as be contained in the second Section.
[Aucupatorii.] Post Venaticos sequuntur Aucupatorii; inter quos
primus est Hispaniolus, quem ab Hispania voce nomen accepisse prius
diximus. Nostri omissa aspiratione & prima vocali, Spainel & Spaniel
expediti sermonis causa proferunt.
After such as serue for hunting orderly doe follow such as serue for
hawking and fowling, Among which the principall and chiefest is the
Spaniell, called in Latine _Hispaniolus_, borrowing his name of
_Hispania_ Spaine, wherein wee Englishe men not pronouncing the
Aspiration H, Nor the _Vowell_ I, for quicknesse and redinesse of
speach say roundly A Spaniell.
Of the Setter.
[Index.] Secundus Index, quem nostri a Setter nominare solent,
a verbo sette, quod locum designare nostris Britannis significat.
The second sort of this second diuision and second section,
is called a Setter, in latine _Index_, Of the worde Set which
signifieth in Englishe that which the Latinistes meane by this word
_Locum designare_, y^e reason is rehersed before more largely, it
shall not neede to make a new repetition.
Of the water Spaniell or Finder.
[Aquaticus.] Post hunc subsequitur aquaticus, hoc est a
Waterspainel, a vocibus Water & Spaine (hoc est aqua & Hispania)
deducto nomine. Nam aqua, in qua se exercet canis iste, Water; &
Hispania (unde primum genus hoc tractum ex nomine creditur) Spaine
apud nostros vocitatur.
The water Spaniell consequently followeth, called in Latine
Aquaticus, in English a waterspaniell, which name is compounde of
two simple wordes, namely Water, which in Latine so[un]deth _Aqua_,
wherein he swymmeth. And _Spaine_, _Hispania_, the country frõ
whence they came,
Non quòd isti canes non sint etiam nativi in Britannia, sed quòd
generale & commune nomen canum, qui ex Hispania primò profecti
putantur, istæ canum species (ut & cæteri Aucupatorii) adhuc vulgo
referunt, etsi in Britannia oriantur, & peculiari aliqua vocis nota,
aut qualitatis indicio secernantur apud nos; ut est ista species
vocis Water, hoc est aquæ, appositione.
Not that England wanted such kinde of Dogges, (for they are
naturally bred and ingendred in this country.) But because they
beare the generall and common name of these Dogges synce the time
they were first brought ouer out of Spaine. And wee make a certaine
difference in this sort of Dogges, eyther for some thing which in
theyr voyce is to be marked, or for some thing which in their
qualities is to be considered, as for an example in this kinde
called the Spaniell by the apposition and putting to of this word
water, which two coupled together sounde waterspaniell.
[Inquisitor.] Alio etiam nomine a Finder canis iste appellatur, quòd
quærendo invenit res deperditas, quæ res nostris, fynde, hoc est
invenire, dicitur. Nos tamen ab inquirendo latinum nomen huic
fecimus, quòd præcipua pars inventionis in inquirendo est.
He is also called a fynder, in Latine _Inquisitor_, because that by
serious and secure seeking, he findeth such things as be lost, which
word _Finde_ in English is that which the Latines meane by this
Verbe _Inuenire_. This dogge hath this name of his property because
the principall point of his seruice consisteth in the premisses.
The names of such Dogges as be contained in the thirde Section.
A venaticis & aucupatoriis transitus est ad Delicatos, Rusticos,
& Degeneres.
Now leauing the suruie we of hunting and hauking dogs, it remaineth
that we runne ouer the residue, whereof some be called, fine dogs,
some course, other some mungrels or rascalls.
[Delicati.] Delicatum, Melitæum & Spainel gentle, hoc est
Hispaniolum generosum, nominavimus, à generositatis nomine data
appellatione, quòd inter nobiles viros atque foeminas versari, & iis
in deliciis atque ad lusus esse consuevit: ut erat illud Gorgonis
#kunidion# apud Theocritum in Syracusiis, quod discedens servæ
diligentiæ pari cura cum infante commiserat, ut catellum quidem illa
intro revocaret, puerum verò vagientem placaret.
The first is the Spaniell gentle called _Canis Melitæus_, because it
is a kinde of dogge accepted among gentles, Nobles, Lordes, Ladies,
&c. who make much of them vouchsafeing to admit them so farre into
their company that they will not onely lull them in theyr lappes,
but kysse them with their lippes, and make them theyr prettie
playfellowes. Such a one was _Gorgons_ litle puppie mencioned by
_Theocritus_ in _Siracusis_, who taking his iourney, straightly
charged & commaunded his mayde to see to his Dogge as charely and
warely as to his childe: To call him in alwayes that he wandred not
abroade, as well as to rock the babe a sleepe, crying in the cradle.
Ad alia omnia inutilis canis iste est, nisi ad ea quæ jam ante
diximus, nisi ad fovendum stomachum debilitatum frigore, nisi ad
prodendum adulterium, quod fecisse hujus generis catellum quendam
Siculum refert Ælianus, libro septimo, capite vicesimo quinto
animalium.
This puppitly and peasantly curre, (which some frumpingly tearme
fysteing hounds) serue in a maner to no good vse except, (As we haue
made former relation) to succour and strengthen quailing and
quammning stomackes to bewray bawdery, and filthy abhominable
leudnesse (which a litle dogge of this kinde did in _Sicilia_) As
_Ælianus_ in his .7. booke of beastes and .27. chapter recordeth.
The names of such dogges as be contained in the fourth Section.
[Rustici.] Rusticos, Shepeherdes dogges, Mastives, & Bandedogges
nominavimus: illorum quidem deducto nomine a pastore, qui Shepeherde
apud nos dicitur, quòd custodit oves, quæ nostris, Shepe,
appellantur: istorum a ligamento, quod Bande, & Sagina, quod maste,
villicis nostris hominibus dicitur.
Of dogges vnder the courser kinde, wee will deale first with the
shepherds dogge, whom we call the Bandogge, the Tydogge, or the
Mastyue, the first name is imputed to him for seruice _Quoniam
pastori famulatur_, because he is at the shepherds his masters
commaundement. The seconde a _Ligamento_ of the band or chaine
wherewith he is tyed, The thirde a _Sagina_, Of the fatnesse of his
body.
Est enim crassum genus canum, & bene saginatum catenarium hoc. Etsi
non sum nescius Augustinum Niphum, Mastinum (mastivum nostri dicunt)
pecuarium existimare: & Albertum Lyciscum ex cane & lupo genitum
esse scribere: quamvis idem pro Molosso magna ex parte vertat.
For this kinde of dogge which is vsually tyed, is myghty, grosse,
and fat fed. I know this that _Augustinus Niphus_, calleth this
_Mastinus_ (which we call Mastiuus.) And that _Albertus_ writeth how
the _Lyciscus_ is ingendred by a beare and a wolfe. Notwithstanding
the self same Author taketh it for the most part _pro Molosso_.
A dogge of such a countrey.
The names of such dogges as be contained in the fifte Section.
[Versator.] Ad postremum, degeneres Wappe & Turnespete nominari
dicebamus: hunc a verbo nostrati turne, quòd est verto & spete, seu
spede ad imitationem Italorum, quod veru dicitur; illum a naturali
canis voce Wau, quam in latratu edit admonendo.
Of mungrels and rascalls somwhat is to be spoken. And among these,
of y^e _VVappe_ or _Turnespet_, which name is made of two simple
words, that is, of _Turne_, which in latine soundeth _Vertere_,
and of _spete_ which is _Veru_, or _spede_, for the Englishe word
inclineth closer to the Italian imitation: _Veruuersator_, Turnspet.
Unde, originaliter Waupe dicendum fuit. Sed euphoniæ bonæque
consonantiæ gratia, vocali in consonantem mutata, Wappe a nostris
vocitatur. Etsi non me fugit Nonium, a voce naturali Bau, formare
suum baubari, non a Wau, quemadmodum & Græci à suo #bauzein#.
He is called also VVaupe, of the naturall noise of his voyce _VV_au,
which he maketh in barcking. But for the better and the redyer
sounde, the vowell, u, is chaunged into the cõsonant, p, so y^t for
waupe we say wappe. And yet I wot well that _Nonius_ boroweth his
_Baubari_ of the natural voyce _Bau_, as the _Græcians_ doe their
#bauzein# of wau.
[Saltator.] Jam verò quod dansare nostris, saltare sit Latinis, si
didiceris, non est de canis saltatoris nostrati nomine amplius quod
ipse expetas.
Now when you vnderstand this that _Saltare_ in latine signifieth
_Dansare_ in Englishe. And that our dogge therevpon is called a
daunser and in the latine _Saltator_, you are so farre taught as you
were desirous to learne, And now suppose I, there remaineth nothing,
but that your request is fully accomplished.
The winding vp of this worke, called the Supplement, &c.
Ita habes (mi Gesnere) non solum canum nostratium genera, sed &
nomina quoque Latina atque Anglica, officia atque usus, differentias
atque mores, naturas & ingenia, ut non sit quod desideres in hoc
argumento amplius.
Thus (Friend _Gesner_) you haue, not only the kindes of our countrey
dogges, but their names also, as well in latine as in Englishe,
their offices, seruices, diuersities, natures, & properties, that
you can demaunde no more of me in this matter.
Et quanquam forsan omni ex parte non satisfecerim tibi in edendo
(cui in desideriis omnis festinatio in mora esse videatur) quòd
inhibuerim editionem rudioris illius libelli, quem ad te tanquam ad
privatum amicum, non ad editionem publicam ante annos quinque
dederim; tamen in hoc spero me satisfecisse tibi, quòd mora fecit
aliquanto meliorem, & #deuterai phrontides# lectu commodiorem.
And albeit I haue not satisfied your minde peradu[en]ture (who
suspectest al speede in the performaunce of your requeste employed,
to be meere delayes) because I stayde the setting fourth of that
vnperfect pamphlet which, fiue yeares ago, I sent to you as a
priuate friende for your owne reeding, and not to be printed, and so
made common, yet I hope (hauing like the beare lickt ouer my younge)
I haue waded in this worke to your contentation, which delay hath
made somewhat better and #deuterai phrontides#, after witte more
meete to be perused.
_Joannis Caii Britanni de Canibus Britannicis libelli finis._
_Iste liber scriptus fuit ante mortem Gesneri, etsi non ante
publicatus, ut est ille de rariorum animalium atque
stirpium historia._
The ende of this treatise.