{ The wapp or warner,
{ The Turnespet,
{ The dauncer,
called in Latine _Canes Rustici_
A Supplement or Addition, containing
a demonstration of Dogges
names how they had their
Originall.
The names contayned in the generall table, for so much as they signifie
nothing to you being a straunger, and ignoraunt of the Englishe tounge,
except they be interpreted: As we haue giuen a reason before of y^e
latine words so meane we to doe no lesse of the Englishe that euery
thing maye be manyfest vnto your vnderstanding. Wherein I intende to
obserue the same order which I haue followed before.
The names of such Dogges as be contained in the first section.
_Sagax_, in Englishe Hunde, is deriued of our English word (40) hunte.
One letter chaunged in another, namely, T, into D, as Hunt, Hunde, whom
(if you coniecture to be so named of your country worde _Hunde_ which
signifieth the generall name Dogge, because of the similitude and
likenesse of the wordes I will not stand in contradiction (friende
_Gesner_) for so much as we retaine among vs at this day many Dutche
wordes which the _Saxons_ left at such time as they occupyed this
country of Britane. Thus much also vnderstand, that as in your language
_Hunde_ is the common word, so in our naturall tounge dogge is the
vniuersall, but _Hunde_ is perticuler and a speciall, for it signifieth
such a dogge onely as serueth to hunt, and therfore it is called a
hunde.
Of the Gasehounde.
The Gasehounde called in latine _Agasæus_, hath his name of the
sharpenesse and stedfastnesse of his eyesight. By which vertue he
compasseth that which otherwise he cannot by smelling attaine. As we
haue made former relation, for to gase is earnestly to viewe and
beholde, from whence floweth the deriuation of this dogges name.
Of the Grehounde.
The Grehounde called _Leporarius_, hath his name of this word, Gre,
which word soundeth, _Gradus_ in latine, in Englishe degree. Because
among all dogges these are the most principall, occupying the chiefest
place, and being simply and absolutely the best of the gentle kinde of
houndes.
Of the Leuyner or the Lyemmer.
This dogge is called a Leuyner, for his lyghtnesse, which in latine
soundeth _Leuitas_, Or a Lyemmer which worde is borrowed of Lyemme,
which the latinists name _Lorum_: and wherefore we call him a Leuyner of
this worde _Leuitas_? (as we doe many things besides) why we deriue and
drawe a thousand of our tearmes, out of the _Greeke_, the _Latine_, the
_Italian_, the _Dutch_, the _French_, and the _Spanishe_ tounge? (Out of
which fountaines in deede, they had their originall issue.) How many
words are buryed in the graue of forgetfulnes? growne out of vse?
wrested awrye? and peruersly corrupted by diuers (41) defaultes? we wil
declare at large in our booke intituled, _Symphonia vocum
Britannicarum_.
Of the Tumbler.
Among houndes the Tumbler called in latine _Vertagus_, is the last,
which commeth of this worde Tumbler flowyng first of al out of the
French fountaine. For as we say Tumble so they, _Tumbier_, reseruing one
sense and signification, which the latinists comprehende vnder this
worde _Vertere_, So that we see thus much, that Tumbler commeth of
_Tumbier_, the vowell, I, chaunged into the _Liquid_, L, after y^e maner
of our speache. Contrary to the French and the Italian tounge. In which
two languages, A _Liquid_ before a _Vowell_ for the most part is turned
into another _Vowell_, As, may be perceaued in the example of these two
wordes, _Implere_ & _plano_, for _Impiere_ & _piano_, L, before, E,
chaunged into, I, and L, before A, turned into I, also. This I thought
conuenient for a taste.
The names of such Dogges as be contained in the second Section.
After such as serue for hunting orderly doe follow such as serue for
hawking and fowling, Among which the principall and chiefest is the
Spaniell, called in Latine _Hispaniolus_, borrowing his name of
_Hispania_ Spaine, wherein wee Englishe men not pronouncing the
Aspiration H, Nor the _Vowell_ I, for quicknesse and redinesse of speach
say roundly A Spaniell.
Of the Setter.
The second sort of this second diuision and second section, is called a
Setter, in latine _Index_, Of the worde Set which signifieth in Englishe
that which the Latinistes meane by this word _Locum designare_, y^e
reason is rehersed before more largely, it shall not neede to make a new
repetition.
(42) Of the water Spaniell or Finder.
The water Spaniell consequently followeth, called in Latine Aquaticus,
in English a waterspaniell, which name is compounde of two simple
wordes, namely Water, which in Latine so[un]deth _Aqua_, wherein he
swymmeth. And _Spaine_, _Hispania_, the country frõ whence they came,
Not that England wanted such kinde of Dogges, (for they are naturally
bred and ingendred in this country.) But because they beare the generall
and common name of these Dogges synce the time they were first brought
ouer out of Spaine. And wee make a certaine difference in this sort of
Dogges, eyther for some thing which in theyr voyce is to be marked, or
for some thing which in their qualities is to be considered, as for an
example in this kinde called the Spaniell by the apposition and putting
to of this word water, which two coupled together sounde waterspaniell.
He is also called a fynder, in Latine _Inquisitor_, because that by
serious and secure seeking, he findeth such things as be lost, which
word _Finde_ in English is that which the Latines meane by this Verbe
_Inuenire_. This dogge hath this name of his property because the
principall point of his seruice consisteth in the premisses.
The names of such Dogges as be contained in the thirde Section.
Now leauing the suruie we of hunting and hauking dogs, it remaineth that
we runne ouer the residue, whereof some be called, fine dogs, some
course, other some mungrels or rascalls. The first is the Spaniell
gentle called _Canis Melitæus_, because it is a kinde of dogge accepted
among gentles, Nobles, Lordes, Ladies, &c. who make much of them
vouchsafeing to admit them so farre into their company that they will
not onely lull them in theyr lappes, but kysse them with their lippes,
and make them theyr prettie playfellowes. Such a one was _Gorgons_ litle
puppie mencioned by _Theocritus_ in _Siracusis_, (43) who taking his
iourney, straightly charged & commaunded his mayde to see to his Dogge
as charely and warely as to his childe: To call him in alwayes that he
wandred not abroade, as well as to rock the babe a sleepe, crying in the
cradle. This puppitly and peasantly curre, (which some frumpingly tearme
fysteing hounds) serue in a maner to no good vse except, (As we haue
made former relation) to succour and strengthen quailing and quammning
stomackes to bewray bawdery, and filthy abhominable leudnesse (which a
litle dogge of this kinde did in _Sicilia_) As _Ælianus_ in his .7.
booke of beastes and .27. chapter recordeth.
The names of such dogges as be contained in the fourth Section.
Of dogges vnder the courser kinde, wee will deale first with the
shepherds dogge, whom we call the Bandogge, the Tydogge, or the Mastyue,
the first name is imputed to him for seruice _Quoniam pastori
famulatur_, because he is at the shepherds his masters commaundement.
The seconde a _Ligamento_ of the band or chaine wherewith he is tyed,
The thirde a _Sagina_, Of the fatnesse of his body.
For this kinde of dogge which is vsually tyed, is myghty, grosse, and
fat fed. I know this that _Augustinus Niphus_, calleth this _Mastinus_
(which we call Mastiuus.) And that _Albertus_ writeth how the _Lyciscus_
is ingendred by a beare and a wolfe. Notwithstanding the self same
Author taketh it for the most part _pro Molosso_. A dogge of such a
countrey.
The names of such dogges as be contained in the fifte Section.
Of mungrels and rascalls somwhat is to be spoken. And among these, of
y^e _VVappe_ or _Turnespet_, which name is made of two simple words,
that is, of _Turne_, which in latine soundeth _Vertere_, and of _spete_
which is _Veru_, or _spede_, for the Englishe word inclineth closer to
the Italian imitation: _Veruuersator_, Turnspet. He is called also
VVaupe, of the naturall noise of (44) his voyce _VV_au, which he maketh
in barcking. But for the better and the redyer sounde, the vowell, u, is
chaunged into the cõsonant, p, so y^t for waupe we say wappe. And yet I
wot well that _Nonius_ boroweth his _Baubari_ of the natural voyce
_Bau_, as the _Græcians_ doe their #bauzein# of wau.
Now when you vnderstand this that _Saltare_ in latine signifieth
_Dansare_ in Englishe. And that our dogge therevpon is called a daunser
and in the latine _Saltator_, you are so farre taught as you were
desirous to learne, And now suppose I, there remaineth nothing, but that
your request is fully accomplished.
The winding vp of this worke, called the Supplement, &c.
Thus (Friend _Gesner_) you haue, not only the kindes of our countrey
dogges, but their names also, as well in latine as in Englishe, their
offices, seruices, diuersities, natures, & properties, that you can
demaunde no more of me in this matter. And albeit I haue not satisfied
your minde peradu[en]ture (who suspectest al speede in the performaunce
of your requeste employed, to be meere delayes) because I stayde the
setting fourth of that vnperfect pamphlet which, fiue yeares ago, I sent
to you as a priuate friende for your owne reeding, and not to be
printed, and so made common, yet I hope (hauing like the beare lickt
ouer my younge) I haue waded in this worke to your contentation, which
delay hath made somewhat better and #deuterai phrontides#, after witte
more meete to be perused.
The ende of this treatise.