229. The annexed Table shews how much the Sun is faster or slower than
the clock ought to be, so far as the difference depends upon the
obliquity of the Ecliptic; of which the Signs of the first and third
quadrants are at the head of the Table, and their Degrees at the left
hand; and in these the Sun is faster than the Clock: the Signs of the
second and fourth quadrants are at the foot of the Table, and their
degrees at the right hand; in all which the Sun is slower than the
Clock: so that entering the Table with the given Sign of the Sun’s place
at the head of the Table, and the Degree of his place in that Sign at
the left hand; or with the given Sign at the foot of the Table, and
Degree at the right hand; in the Angle of meeting is the number of
minutes and seconds that the Sun is faster or slower than the clock: or
in other words, the quantity of time in which the real Sun, when in that
part of the Ecliptic, comes sooner or later to the Meridian than the
fictitious Sun in the Equator. Thus, when the Sun’s place is ♉ Taurus 12
degrees, he is 9 minutes 49 seconds faster than the clock; and when his
place is ♋ Cancer 18 degrees, he is 6 minutes 2 seconds slower.
+---------------------------------------------+
| _Sun faster than the Clock in_ |
+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| | ♈ | ♉ | ♊ | 1st Q. |
| | ♎ | ♏ | ♐ | 3d Q. |
+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Degrees | ʹ ʺ | ʹ ʺ | ʹ ʺ | Deg. |
+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 0 | 0 0 | 8 24 | 8 46 | 30 |
| 1 | 0 20 | 8 35 | 8 36 | 29 |
| 2 | 0 40 | 8 45 | 8 25 | 28 |
| 3 | 1 0 | 8 54 | 8 14 | 27 |
| 4 | 1 19 | 9 3 | 8 1 | 26 |
| 5 | 1 39 | 9 11 | 7 49 | 25 |
| 6 | 1 59 | 9 18 | 7 35 | 24 |
| 7 | 2 18 | 9 24 | 7 21 | 23 |
| 8 | 2 37 | 9 31 | 7 6 | 22 |
| 9 | 2 56 | 9 36 | 6 51 | 21 |
| 10 | 3 16 | 9 41 | 6 35 | 20 |
| 11 | 3 34 | 9 45 | 6 19 | 19 |
| 12 | 3 53 | 9 49 | 6 2 | 18 |
| 13 | 4 11 | 9 51 | 5 45 | 17 |
| 14 | 4 29 | 9 53 | 5 27 | 16 |
| 15 | 4 47 | 9 54 | 5 9 | 15 |
| 16 | 5 4 | 9 55 | 4 50 | 14 |
| 17 | 5 21 | 9 55 | 4 31 | 13 |
| 18 | 5 38 | 9 54 | 4 12 | 12 |
| 19 | 5 54 | 9 52 | 3 52 | 11 |
| 20 | 6 10 | 9 50 | 3 32 | 10 |
| 21 | 6 26 | 9 47 | 3 12 | 9 |
| 22 | 6 41 | 9 43 | 2 51 | 8 |
| 23 | 6 55 | 9 38 | 2 30 | 7 |
| 24 | 7 9 | 9 33 | 2 9 | 6 |
| 25 | 7 23 | 9 27 | 1 48 | 5 |
| 26 | 7 36 | 9 20 | 1 27 | 4 |
| 27 | 7 49 | 9 13 | 1 5 | 3 |
| 28 | 8 1 | 9 5 | 0 43 | 2 |
| 29 | 8 13 | 8 56 | 0 22 | 1 |
| 30 | 8 24 | 8 46 | 0 0 | 0 |
+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 2d Q. | ♍ | ♌ | ♋ | Deg. |
| 4th Q. | ♓ | ♒ | ♑ | |
+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| _Sun slower than the Clock in_ |
+---------------------------------------------+
[Sidenote: Fig. III.]
230. This part of the Equation of time may perhaps be somewhat difficult
to understand by a Figure, because both halves of the Ecliptic seem to
be on the same side of the Globe; but it may be made very easy to any
person who has a real Globe before him, by putting small patches on
every tenth or fifteenth degree both of the Equator and Ecliptic; and
then, turning the ball slowly round westward, he will see all the
patches from Aries to Cancer come to the brazen Meridian sooner than the
corresponding patches on the Equator; all those from Cancer to Libra
will come later to the Meridian than their corresponding patches on the
Equator; those from Libra to Capricorn sooner, and those from Capricorn
to Aries later: and the patches at the beginnings of Aries, Cancer,
Libra, and Capricorn, being also on the Equator, shew that the two Suns
meet there, and come to the Meridian together.
[Sidenote: A machine for shewing the sidereal, the equal, and the solar
Time.